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com

AN-1368
APPLICATION NOTE
One Technology Way • P.O. Box 9106 • Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. • Tel: 781.329.4700 • Fax: 781.461.3113 • www.analog.com

Ferrite Bead Demystified

By Jefferson Eco and Aldrick Limjoco

INTRODUCTION
High resolution, high performance converters and radio frequency Figure 1 shows an example of a filtering scheme often used in
(RF) systems require a low noise design of the power supply to mixed-signal ICs to separate analog and digital supplies. The
achieve optimum performance. Good filtering of power supply scheme is suitable for any power distribution network; however,
noise and high frequency crosstalk reduction between analog and understanding its effectiveness and limitations helps users to
digital domains is required, especially on mixed-signal converters avoid characteristics that may, for example, be detrimental in high
and transceivers. performance converter applications.
Power supply noise is more evident with switching regulators, This application note discusses the important considerations that
which generate undesired output artifacts that can be harmful system designers need to be aware of when using ferrite beads
to any noise sensitive system. However, due to their high power in power supply systems, including response characteristics of
conversion efficiency, switching regulators are often found in the ferrite bead, a simplified ferrite bead model and simulation, dc
portable devices where prolonged battery life is needed and in current considerations, LC resonance effects, and damping
systems where thermal limitations exist. methods. An understanding of these elements can make the
Similar digital and analog voltage rails of mixed-signal ICs are system design approach fast and effective.
often powered from different power domains. This approach The Analog Devices, Inc., products used to demonstrate the
helps to prevent fast digital switching noise coupling onto the effects of ferrite beads as output filters are the 1.25 A, 1.2 MHz
sensitive analog supply rail and degrading the converter synchronous step-down switching regulator (ADP2120) and the
performance, but it increases system level complexity and cost. 2 A/1.2 A dc-to-dc switching regulator with independent positive
With proper high frequency isolation of supply domains, power and negative outputs (ADP5071).
supplies can be shared between analog and digital domains, ANALOG DIGITAL
SUPPLY SUPPLY
simplifying the design and reducing the cost.
An effective method for filtering high frequency power supply POWER
noise and cleanly sharing similar supply rails is the use of ferrite SUPPLY
FERRITE
beads. A ferrite bead is a passive device that filters high frequency BEAD

13359-001
noise energy over a broad frequency range. It becomes resistive
over its intended frequency range and dissipates the noise energy in
Figure 1. Sample Filter Scheme for a Mixed-Signal IC
the form of heat. The ferrite bead is connected in series with the
power supply rail and is often combined with capacitors to ground
on either side of the bead. This forms a low-pass filter network,
further reducing the high frequency power supply noise.

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AN-1368 Application Note

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction ...................................................................................... 1 LC Resonance Effect .........................................................................6
Revision History ............................................................................... 2 Damping Methods.............................................................................9
Ferrite Bead Response Characteristics .......................................... 3 Conclusion....................................................................................... 11
Ferrite Bead Simplified Model and Simulation ............................ 3 References ........................................................................................ 11
DC Bias Current Considerations .................................................... 4
REVISION HISTORY
8/15—Revision 0: Initial Version

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Application Note AN-1368

FERRITE BEAD RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS The Tyco Electronics BMB2A1000LN2 multilayer ferrite bead is
Ferrite beads are categorized by three response regions: inductive, used as an example. Figure 4 shows the measured ZRX response
resistive, and capacitive. These regions can be determined by of the BMB2A1000LN2 for a zero dc bias current using an
looking at a ZRX plot, where Z is the impedance, R is the impedance analyzer. The circuit simulator suite used was the
resistance, and X is the reactance of the bead. To reduce high ADIsimPE, a simulation tool optimized for the design and
frequency noise, the bead must be in the resistive region; this is development of analog and mixed-signal circuits. ADIsimPE is
especially desirable for electromagnetic interference (EMI) filtering powered by SIMetrix/SIMPLIS.
applications. The component acts like a resistor, which impedes 1200
the high frequency noise and dissipates it as heat. The resistive Z = R; RAC
region occurs after the bead crossover frequency (X = R) and up 1000
to the point (shown in Figure 2) where the bead becomes
capacitive. This capacitive point occurs at the frequency where
800
the absolute value of capacitive reactance is equivalent to R.

IMPEDANCE (Ω)
Z
1200
RESISTIVE
600
INDUCTIVE CAPACITIVE
Z ≈ |XC|;
1000 Z ≈ XL; LBEAD R CPAR
400
X
800
IMPEDANCE (Ω)

CROSSOVER
FREQUENCY Z 200
600

13359-004
R
400 1 10 100 1000
X FREQUENCY (MHz)

200 Figure 4. BMB2A1000LN2 ZRX Plot

For the region on the measured ZRX plot where the bead appears
0 most inductive (Z ≈ XL; LBEAD), the bead inductance is calculated
13359-002

1 10 100 1000
FREQUENCY (MHz) by the following equation:
Figure 2. Tyco Electronics BMB2A1000LN2 ZRX Plot XL
LBEAD = (1)
At relatively low frequencies below crossover, the bead response 2×π × f
is inductive. At high frequencies, the bead response is capacitive. In where:
this case, the falling slope of the impedance vs. frequency plot is f is the frequency point anywhere in the region the bead appears
defined by the parasitic capacitance associated with the component. inductive. In this example, f = 30.7 MHz.
FERRITE BEAD SIMPLIFIED MODEL AND XL is the reactance at 30.7 MHz, which is 233 Ω.
SIMULATION Equation 1 yields an inductance value (LBEAD) of 1.208 μH.
A ferrite bead can be modeled as a simplified circuit consisting For the region where the bead appears most capacitive (Z ≈ |XC|;
of resistors, an inductor, and a capacitor, as shown in Figure 3. CPAR), the parasitic capacitance is calculated by the following
RDC corresponds to the dc resistance of the bead. CPAR, LBEAD, equation:
and RAC are the parasitic capacitance, the bead inductance, and
the ac resistance (ac core losses) associated with the bead. 1
CPAR = (2)
CPAR 2×π × f × | XC |
where:
LBEAD
RDC f is the frequency point anywhere in the region the bead appears
capacitive. In this example, f = 803 MHz.
13359-003

RAC
|XC| is the reactance at 803 MHz, which is 118.1 Ω.
Figure 3. Simplified Circuit Model Equation 2 yields a parasitic capacitance value (CPAR) of 1.678 pF.
In some cases, the simplified circuit model shown in Figure 3 can
be used to approximate the ferrite bead impedance characteristic
up to the sub-GHz range.

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AN-1368 Application Note

The dc resistance (RDC), which is 300 mΩ, is acquired from the DC BIAS CURRENT CONSIDERATIONS
manufacturer data sheet. The ac resistance (RAC) is the peak Selecting the right ferrite bead for power applications requires
impedance where the bead appears to be purely resistive. careful consideration not only of the filter bandwidth, but also
Calculate RAC by subtracting RDC from Z. Because RDC is very of the impedance characteristics of the bead with respect to dc
small compared to the peak impedance, it can be neglected. bias current. In most cases, manufacturers only specify the
Therefore, in this case RAC is 1.082 kΩ. The ADIsimPE circuit impedance of the bead at 100 MHz and publish data sheets with
simulator tool was used to generate the impedance vs. the frequency response curves at zero dc bias current, similar to
frequency response. Figure 5 shows both the actual measurement those shown in Figure 2. However, when using ferrite beads for
and simulated measurement for the impedance vs. the frequency power supply filtering, the load current going through the bead
response at zero dc bias current and Figure 6 shows the circuit is never zero, and as dc bias current increases from zero, all of
simulation model with the calculated values. In this example, the these parameters change significantly.
impedance curve from the circuit simulation model closely
matches the measured one. As the dc bias current increases, the core material begins to
1200
saturate, which significantly reduces the inductance of the ferrite
bead. The degree of inductance saturation differs depending on
1000
the material used for the core of the component. Figure 7 shows
the typical dc bias dependency of the inductance for two ferrite
800 beads. With 50% of the rated currents, the inductance decreases
IMPEDANCE (Ω)

by up to 90%.
600 450
UP TO 90% DECREASE
400 IN BEAD INDUCTANCE
AT 50% RATED CURRENT
400
350

SIMULATION
INDUCTANCE (nH)

200 300

ACTUAL MEASUREMENT 250

0
13359-005

1 10 100 1000 200

MPZ1608S101A
FREQUENCY (MHz) (100Ω, 3A, 0603)
150
Figure 5. Actual Measurement vs. Simulation 742 792 510
100 (70Ω, 6A, 1812)
IMPEDANCE 1.678pF
50
C1

300mΩ 1.208µF 0

13359-006
0 1 2 3 4 5
R2 L1
AC 1A DC BIAS CURRENT (A)
I1 1.082kΩ
Figure 7. Effect of DC Bias on Bead Inductance
13359-205

R1

For effective power supply noise filtering, use ferrite beads at

Figure 6. Circuit Simulation Model about 20% of their rated dc current. As shown in these two
The ferrite bead model can be useful in noise filtering circuit examples, the inductance at 20% of the rated current drops to
design and analysis. For example, approximating the inductance about 30% for the 6 A bead and to about 15% for the 3 A bead.
of the bead can be helpful in determining the resonant frequency The current rating of ferrite beads is an indication of the maximum
cut-off when combined with a decoupling capacitor in a low-pass current the device can take for a specified temperature rise and
filter network. However, the circuit model specified in this not a real operating point for filtering purposes.
application note is an approximation with a zero dc bias current.
This model may change with respect to dc bias current, and in
other cases, a more complex model is required.

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Application Note AN-1368

In addition, the effect of dc bias current can be observed in the System designers must be fully aware of the effect of dc bias
reduction of impedance values over frequency, which in turn current on bead inductance and effective impedance, as this can
reduces the effectiveness of the ferrite bead and its ability to be critical in applications that demand high supply current.
remove EMI. Figure 8 and Figure 9 show how the impedance of Figure 10 shows the measured attenuation for a 100 Ω, 3 A
the ferrite bead varies with dc bias current. rated ferrite bead plus a 1 μF capacitor in various dc bias
160 currents, and Figure 11 shows the test circuit model.
10
140 IBIAS = 0mA
0mA 0 IBIAS = 100mA
120 100mA
250mA IBIAS = 250mA
500mA –10
IMPEDANCE (Ω)

750mA

INSERTION LOSS (dB)

100
1000mA
1500mA –20
80 2000mA
3000mA
–30
60

–40
40

–50
20

–60
0
13359-007

1 10 100 1000
–70

13359-009
FREQUENCY (MHz) 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Figure 8. TDK MPZ1608S101A Impedance Curves with Respect to DC Bias FREQUENCY (MHz)
Current Figure 10. Measured Response of the Bead and Capacitor Low-Pass Filter vs.
120
DC Bias Current

0mA FERRITE BEAD:

100 TDK MPZ1608S101A
100mA (100Ω, 3A, 0603)
250mA
500mA
80 1000mA
IMPEDANCE (Ω)

CAPACITOR:
1500mA MURATA

13359-209
IBIAS
2000mA GRM188R61A105KA61
60 3000mA (1µF, X5R, 0603)
4000mA
5000mA Figure 11. Test Circuit Model
40
For a 3 A bead with 250 mA of bias current, the resonance
cutoff moves to the right mainly due to the inductance drop
20
described in Figure 7.
0 In addition, the effective attenuation of the network reduces by
13359-008

1 10 100 1000
as much as 15 dB at 1 MHz, where most modern switching
FREQUENCY (MHz)
Figure 9. Wurth Elektronik 742 791 510 Impedance Curves with Respect to DC
regulators operate. This reduction can cause problems if the
Bias Current system engineer relies solely on the data sheet, which shows the
impedance at zero dc bias current only. Therefore, to validate the
As shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, the effective impedance
effectiveness of the ferrite bead filter and for accurate results, model
at 100 MHz dramatically drops from 100 Ω to 10 Ω for the
the inductance over a range of dc bias current and identify its
TDK MPZ1608S101A (100 Ω, 3 A, 0603) and from 70 Ω to
impedance characteristics under the actual operating conditions.
15 Ω for the Wurth Elektronik 742 792 510 (70 Ω, 6 A, 1812) by
applying just 50% of the rated current.

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AN-1368 Application Note

C1
0.1µF

VIN
5V CIN R1
22µF 10Ω
X5R ADP2120ACPZ-2.5-R7
6.3V

1 VIN EN 10

2 PVIN SYNC/MODE 9
MPZ1608S101A R2
VOUT 10kΩ
3 SW PGOOD 8
2.5V C COUT1 COUT2 L
1µF 22µF 10µF 1.5µH
X5R X5R 4 PGND TRK 7
6.3V 6.3V
RL 5 GND FB 6

13359-010
10Ω

Figure 12. ADP2120 Application Circuit with Bead and Capacitor Low -Pass Filter Implementation for DC Bias Effect

Figure 12 shows an application circuit that uses the ADP2120 LC RESONANCE EFFECT
buck regulator running in forced pulse-width modulation (FPWM) Resonance peaking is possible when implementing a ferrite
mode with the ferrite bead filter of Figure 11. With the ADP2120 bead together with a decoupling capacitor. This commonly
in FPWM mode, the switching noise spectral output does not overlooked effect can be detrimental because it may amplify
change significantly with respect to load current. For more details ripple and noise in a given system instead of attenuating it. In
about FPWM mode, see the ADP2120 data sheet. The spectral many cases, this peaking occurs around popular switching
output is plotted in Figure 13, showing the effects of dc bias on frequencies of dc-to-dc converters.
ferrite bead response.
70
Peaking occurs when the resonant frequency of a low-pass
ADP2120 NO LOAD OUTPUT SPECTRUM
ADP2120 + UNDAMPED BEAD-C, ILOAD = 250mA filter network, formed by the ferrite bead inductance and the
ADP2120 + UNDAMPED BEAD-C, ILOAD = NO LOAD
60 high Q decoupling capacitance, is below the crossover frequency
of the bead. The resulting filter is underdamped. Figure 14
50
shows the measured impedance vs. frequency plot of the
AMPLITUDE (dBµV)

40 TDK MPZ1608S101A. The resistive component, which is

depended upon to dissipate unwanted energy, does not become
30 significant until about 20 MHz to 30 MHz. Below this frequency,
the ferrite bead still has a very high Q and acts like an ideal
20
inductor. LC resonant frequencies for typical bead filters are
10 generally in the 0.1 MHz to 10 MHz range. For typical switching
frequencies in the 300 kHz to 5 MHz range, additional damping is
0
required to reduce the filter Q.
–10 160
13359-011

0.01 0.1 1 10 100

FREQUENCY (MHz) 140
Z
Figure 13. Measured Response of the Bead and Capacitor Low-Pass Filter vs. 120
DC Bias Current
IMPEDANCE (Ω)

100
As the load current increases in Figure 13, the filter cutoff
CROSSOVER FREQUENCY
frequency moves to the right from approximately 180 kHz with 80
R

no load to approximately 370 kHz with 250 mA (red trace vs.

60
green trace). The fundamental ripple at around 1.2 MHz X

attenuates by 30 dB with no load but reduces to about 18 dB 40 INDUCTIVE

REGION
with a load of 250 mA.
20

0
13359-012

1 10 100 1000
FREQUENCY (MHz)

Figure 14. Measured Impedance vs. Frequency Plot for the

TDK MPZ1608S101A

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Application Note AN-1368

As an example of this effect, Figure 15 shows the S21 frequency An undamped ferrite bead filter can exhibit peaks from
response of the bead and capacitor low-pass filter, which displays a approximately 10 dB to approximately 15 dB depending on the Q
peaking effect. The ferrite bead used is a TDK MPZ1608S101A of the filter circuit. In Figure 15, peaking occurs at around
(100 Ω. 3 A, 0603) and the decoupling capacitor used is a Murata 2.5 MHz with as much as 10 dB gain.
GRM188R71H103KA01 low ESR ceramic capacitor (10 nF , X7R, In addition, signal gain can be seen from 1 MHz to 3.5 MHz.
0603). Load current is in the microampere range. This peaking is problematic if it occurs in the frequency band in
20
which the switching regulator operates. This amplifies the
10 unwanted switching artifacts, which can wreak havoc on the
0
performance of sensitive loads such as the phased-lock loop
(PLL), voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), and high resolution
–10
analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The result shown in Figure 15
GAIN (dB)

–20 has been taken with a very light load (in the microampere
–30
range), but this is a realistic application in sections of circuits
that need just a few microamperes to 1 mA of load current or
–40
sections that are turned off to save power in some operating
–50 modes. This potential peaking creates additional noise in the
–60
system that can create unwanted crosstalk.

–70
As an example, Figure 17 shows an ADP5071 application circuit
13359-013

100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M

with an implemented bead filter and Figure 18 shows the spectral
FREQUENCY (Hz)
plot at the positive output. The switching frequency is set at
Figure 15. S21 Response for Bead and Capacitor Low-Pass Filter
2.4 MHz, the input voltage is set at 9 V, the output voltage is set
FERRITE BEAD:
TDK MPZ1608S101A at 16 V, and the load current is set at 5 mA.
(100Ω, 3A, 0603)

DC BIAS
CAPACITOR: CURRENT
MURATA (µA)
13359-213

GRM188R7H103KA01
(10nF, X7R, 0603)

Figure 16. Bead and Capacitor Low-Pass Filter Test Model

ADP5071
RC1 SS INBK
118kΩ L1
COMP1 2.2µH D1
MBR130T1G MPZ1608S101A
CC1 +16V
820pF SW1
EN1
RFT1 C RL
68.1kΩ 10nF 3.2kΩ
VREG FB1 COUT1
RFB1 10µF
CVREG
3.57kΩ
1µF PVIN1
VIN
PVIN2 PGND
+9V CVREF
CIN1 PVINSYS
1µF
10µF
EN2 VREF
RFB2
RC2
3.09kΩ COUT2
57.6kΩ 10µF
COMP2 FB2
RFT2
CC2
64.9kΩ
2.7nF VREG SYNC/FREQ
SW2 –16V
SLEW D2
SEQ MBR130T1G
AGND

L2
13359-014

6.8µH

Figure 17. ADP5071 Application Circuit with Bead and Capacitor Low-Pass Filter Implementation on Positive Output

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AN-1368 Application Note

60
Load impedance also affects the peaking response. Peaking is
PEAKING OCCURS
AT ~2.5MHz worst for light load conditions.
50 DUE TO RESONANCE
Figure 21 shows a circuit simulation changing from a 1 MΩ
40 load to a 10 Ω load using the same source resistance. Peaking is
AMPLITUDE (dBµV)

significantly reduced and damped for lower load resistance.

30
Note that in actual applications (see Figure 13), higher dc load
20 current significantly affects ferrite bead performance. The
ADP5071 OUTPUT SPECTRUM inductance of the bead drops as dc current increases and affects
WITH BEAD AND C LOW-PASS
10
FILTER (UNDAMPED) the resonant frequency cutoff.
ADP5071 OUTPUT SPECTRUM 40
0 WITHOUT BEAD AND C
LOW-PASS FILTER
10Ω LOAD
20
1MΩ LOAD
–10

13359-015
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
0

INSERTION LOSS (dB)

FREQUENCY (MHz)

Figure 18. ADP5071 Spectral Output at 5 mA Load

–20
Resonant peaking occurs at around 2.4 MHz due to the inductance
of the bead and the 10 nF ceramic capacitor. Instead of attenuating –40

the fundamental ripple frequency, a gain of 10 dB occurs.

–60
Other factors that have an effect on the resonant peaks are the
series and load impedances of the ferrite bead filter. Figure 19 –80

shows the circuit simulation result comparing a 10 Ω resistor

–100
and a 0.1 Ω series source resistor. Peaking significantly reduces

13359-116
1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M
and damps for higher source resistance. However, the load FREQUENCY (Hz)

regulation degrades with this approach, making it unrealistic in Figure 21. Circuit Simulation Comparison of 10 Ω Load vs. 1 MΩ Load
practice. The dc voltage at the load droops with load current due 200fF
to the drop from the series resistance. C2
40 100mΩ 30mΩ 800nH
IN OUT
+ R3 R5 L1 C1
10Ω SOURCE 10nF
20 150Ω
0.1Ω SOURCE LOAD
AC1 L2
R4 2nH
V1
0 R2
INSERTION LOSS (dB)

R1
10mΩ

13359-316
–20

Figure 22. Circuit Simulation Model of 10 Ω Load vs. 1 MΩ Load

–40

–60

–80

–100
13359-016

1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Figure 19. Circuit Simulation Comparison of 0.1 Ω Source vs. 10 Ω Source

200fF

C2
SOURCE
30mΩ 800nH
IN OUT
+ R3 R5 L1 C1
10nF
150Ω
AC1 L2 R2
R4 2nH
V1 1MΩ
R1
10mΩ
13359-216

Figure 20. Circuit Simulation Model of 0.1 Ω Source vs. 10 Ω Source

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Application Note AN-1368

FERRITE BEAD:
DAMPING METHODS TDK MPZ1608S101A
(100Ω, 3A, 0603)
This section describes three damping methods that a system IN OUT
engineer can use to reduce the level of resonant peaking CAPACITOR:
MURATA
significantly (see Figure 23). PARALLEL RESISTOR GRM188R71H103KA01
ACROSS FERRITE BEAD (10nF, X7R, 0603)
20

10

13359-019
0
C Figure 25. Parallel Resistor Across Ferrite Bead
INSERTION LOSS (dB)

–10 160
A BEAD ONLY,
DC BIAS 0mA
–20 140
R
B X
120 Z
–30
BEAD WITH
10Ω RESISTOR,

IMPEDANCE (Ω)
–40 100 DC BIAS 0mA
R
UNDAMPED X
–50 METHOD A: SERIES 10Ω RESISTOR TO DECOUPLING CAPACITOR 80 Z
METHOD B: PARALLEL 10Ω RESISTOR ACROSS FERRITE BEAD
METHOD C: DAMPED: C DAMP (1µF) + RDAMP (2Ω) 60
–60 BEAD: TDK MPZ1608S101A (100Ω, 3A, 0603)
CAPACITOR: MURATA GRM188R71H103KA01 (10nF, X7R, 0603)
40
–70
13359-017

0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10

20
FREQUENCY (MHz)
Figure 23. Actual Frequency Response for Various Damping Methods 0

13359-021
1M 10M 100M 1G
Method A consists of adding a series resistor to the decoupling FREQUENCY (Hz)
capacitor path (see Figure 24), which dampens the resonance of Figure 26. MPZ1608S101A Impedance Curve
the system but degrades the bypass effectiveness at high
12
frequencies.
FERRITE BEAD:
TDK MPZ1608S101A 10
(100Ω, 3A, 0603)
IN OUT
CAPACITOR: 8 BEAD ONLY,
IMPEDANCE (Ω)

MURATA DC BIAS 0mA

GRM188R71H103KA01 R
(10nF, X7R, 0603) X
6 Z
SERIES BEAD WITH
RESISTOR TO 10Ω RESISTOR,
DECOUPLING DC BIAS 0mA
13359-018

4
CAPACITOR R
X
Z
Figure 24. Series Resistor to Decoupling Capacitor 2

Method B consists of adding a small parallel resistor across the

0
ferrite bead (see Figure 25), which also dampens the resonance

13359-022
1M 10M 100M 1G
of the system. However, the attenuation characteristic of the filter is FREQUENCY (Hz)

reduced at high frequencies. Figure 26 and Figure 27 show the Figure 27. MPZ1608S101A Impedance Curve, Zoom View
impedance vs. frequency curve of the MPZ1608S101A with and
without a 10 Ω parallel resistor. The green dashed curve is the
overall impedance of the bead with a 10 Ω resistor in parallel. The
impedance of the bead and resistor combination is significantly
reduced and is dominated by the 10 Ω resistor. However, the
3.8 MHz crossover frequency for the bead with the 10 Ω parallel
resistor is much lower than the crossover frequency of the bead
on its own at 40.3 MHz. The bead appears resistive at a much
lower frequency range, lowering the Q for improved damped
performance.

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AN-1368 Application Note

Method C consists of adding a large capacitor (CDAMP) with a Figure 29 shows the ADP5071 positive output spectral plot with
series damping resistor (RDAMP), which is often optimum (see Method C damping implemented on the application circuit shown
Figure 28). in Figure 17. The CDAMP and RDAMP used are a 1 μF ceramic
FERRITE BEAD: capacitor and a 2 Ω SMD resistor, respectively. The fundamental
TDK MPZ1608S101A
(100Ω, 3A, 0603) ripple at 2.4 MHz is reduced by 5 dB as opposed to the 10 dB
IN OUT gain shown in Figure 18.
CAPACITOR:
MURATA 60
CDAMP
GRM188R71H103KA01
(10nF, X7R, 0603)
RDAMP 50 RIPPLE SPUR AT 2.4MHz
IS REDUCED BY 5dB
USING ADDITIONAL

13359-020
RC DECOUPLING FILTER 40

AMPLITUDE (dBµV)
30
Figure 28. Additional RC Decoupling Filter

Adding the capacitor and resistor dampens the resonance of the 20

system and does not degrade the bypass effectiveness at high
frequencies, as shown in Figure 23. Implementing this method 10
ADP5071 OUTPUT SPECTRUM
WITH BEAD AND C LOW-PASS
avoids excessive power dissipation on the resistor due to a large FILTER (METHOD C DAMPING)
0
dc blocking capacitor. The capacitor must be much larger than ADP5071 OUTPUT SPECTRUM
WITHOUT BEAD AND C
the sum of all decoupling capacitors, which reduces the required –10
LOW-PASS FILTER

13359-023
damping resistor value. The capacitor impedance must be 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
FREQUENCY (MHz)
sufficiently smaller than the damping resistance at the resonant
Figure 29. ADP5071 Spectral Output plus Bead and Capacitor Low-Pass Filter
frequency to reduce the peaking. Determine the RDAMP range by with Method C Damping
using Equation 3 and Equation 4. Using a ratio of 16 or higher
between damping capacitance (CDAMP) and decoupling capacitance Generally, Method C is the most elegant and is implemented by
(CDECOUP) provides a range of damping resistance that satisfies adding a resistor in series with a ceramic capacitor rather than
both equations. buying an expensive dedicated damping capacitor. The safest
designs always include a resistor that can be tweaked during
LBEAD prototyping and that can be eliminated if not necessary. The
RDAMP ≥ 2 (3)
C DAMP only drawbacks are the additional component cost and greater
required board space.
LBEAD
RDAMP ≤ 0.5 (4)
C DECOUP
where:
RDAMP is the damping resistance.
LBEAD is the bead inductance from Equation 1, including external
inductance such as the parasitic trace inductance of the board.
CDAMP is the damping capacitance.
CDECOUP is the decoupling capacitance.

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Application Note AN-1368

CONCLUSION REFERENCES
This application note shows key considerations that must be AN 583 Application Note. Designing Power Isolation Filters with
taken into account when using ferrite beads. The application Ferrite Beads for Altera FPGAs. Altera Corporation, 2009.
note also details a simple circuit model representing the bead. Applications Manual for Power Supply Noise Suppression and
The simulation results show good correlation with the actual Decoupling for Digital ICs, Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., 2010.
measured impedance vs. the frequency response at zero dc bias
current. Burket, Chris. All Ferrite Beads Are Not Created Equal –
Understanding the Importance of Ferrite Bead Material
The application note also discusses the effect of the dc bias Behavior. TDK Corporation, 2011.
current on the ferrite bead characteristics. It shows that a dc bias
current greater than 20% of the rated current can cause a significant Fancher, David B. ILB, ILBB Ferrite Beads: Electro-Magnetic
drop in the bead inductance. Such a current can also reduce the Interference and Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMI/EMC).
effective impedance of the bead and degrade its EMI filtering Vishay Dale, 1999.
capability. When using ferrite beads in supply rail with dc bias Hill, Lee and Rick Meadors. Steward EMI Suppression Technical
current, ensure that the current does not cause saturation of the Presentation. Steward.
ferrite material and produce significant change of inductance. Kundert, Ken. Power Supply Noise Reduction. Designer’s Guide
Because the ferrite bead is inductive, do not use it with high Q Consulting, Inc., 2004.
decoupling capacitors without careful attention. Doing so can Solving Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) with Ferrites,
do more harm than good by producing unwanted resonance in a Fair-Rite Products Corp.
circuit. However, the damping methods proposed in this
application note offer an easy solution by using a large decoupling Weir, Steve. PDN Application of Ferrite Beads. IPBLOX, LLC, 2011
capacitor in series with a damping resistor across the load, thus
avoiding unwanted resonance. Applying ferrite beads correctly
can be an effective and inexpensive way to reduce high frequency
noise and switching transients.

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registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
AN13359-0-8/15(0)

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