Lec 2
Lec 2
Lec 2
College of Medicine
Lecture: (2)
Subject/year: Medical Biology / 1st year
Lecturer: Inaam A. Abdulhameed
Department : Anatomy
Date:19/11/2023
The AIM of this lecture is
Forms saliva.
Lubricates joints.
Acids and Basses
Buffers
A buffer is a substance that helps
to minimize the change in the pH
of a solution when acids or bases
are added.
Organic Compounds:
Four major groups are found in all living things:
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
1-Carbohydrates
⦁ Almost all organisms use carbohydrates as sources of energy.
⦁ In addition, some carbohydrates serve as structural materials.
• Even more harmful than naturally occurring saturated fats are the
trans fats that are created artificially from vegetable oils. Trans
fats may be partially hydrogenated to make them semisolid.
Partial hydrogenation does not saturate all bonds. This
configuration makes these bonds difficult to break, allowing
these trans fats to accumulate in the circulatory system.
Phospholipids
⦁ The phospholipid molecule is similar to a fat except that the
third fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate group.
-Antibodies are proteins in the blood and body fluids that help to
fight infections.
4- Nucleic acids
They are composed of nucleotides.
⦁In RNA the bases are the same except thymine is replaced by uracil. The
sugar in RNA is ribose.
⦁ In DNA, there are two chains of nucleotides. The chains are coiled into
a helix. Genes are segments of DNA.