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1 Digital Transformation Nasiri et al. (2020) DT01


5 items https://doi.org/10.1016/
r=0.808 j.technovation.2020.10212
1 DT02

DT03

DT04

DT05

2 Digital Transformational AlNuaimi et al. (2022) DTL1


Leadership (DTL) https://doi.org/10.1016/
6 items j.jbusres.2022.03.038
r=0.924 DTL2
Adaptasi: Chen and Chang
(2013), Podsakoff et al. DTL3
(1990), Podsakoff et al.
(1996)
DTL4

DTL5

DTL6

3 Commitment to Change Affective commitment CC01


18 items CC02
DOI: 10.1037//0021-9010.87.3.474 CC03

Herscovitch & Meyer (2002) CC04


CC05
CC06
Continuance commitment CC01
CC02
CC03
CC04
CC05
CC06
Normative commitment CC01
CC02

CC03
CC04
CC05
CC06
4 Digital Literacy Nikou et al. (2022) DC01
10 items DOI 10.1108/JD-12-2021-
r=0.93 0241
DC02
Adaptasi: Ng, 2012; Serap DC03
Kurbanoglu et al., 2006 DC04
10 items DOI 10.1108/JD-12-2021-
r=0.93 0241

Adaptasi: Ng, 2012; Serap


Kurbanoglu et al., 2006
DC05

DC06
DC07

DC08

DC09

DC10

4 Digital Literacy Information and data DC01


literacy
Cetindamar et al. (2021)
15 items DC02

DOI 10.1109/TEM.2021.3087724 DC03


Communication and DC04
collaboration
DC05

DC06

Digital content creation DC07

DC08

DC09

Safety DC10

DC11

DC12

Problem solving DC13

DC14

DC15
English
In my organization, we aim to digitalize everything that can
be digitalized.
In my organization, we collect large amounts of data from
different sources.
In my organization, we aim to create more robust
networking with digital technologies between the different
business processes.
In my organization, we aim to enhance an efficient
customer interface with digitality.
In my organization, we aim at achieving information
exchange with digitality.
Our leaders inspire all members with the digital
transformation plans for our organization.
Our leaders provide a clear digital transformation vision for
the organization’s members to follow.
Our leaders motivate team members to work together for
the same digital transformation goals.
Our leaders encourage all members to achieve digital
transformation goals for our organization.
Leaders in my organizations act by considering the digital
transformation beliefs of all members.
Our leaders stimulate all members to think about digital
transformation ideas.
I believe in the value of this change.
This change is a good strategy for this organization.
I think that management is making a mistake by
introducing this change. (R)
This change serves an important purpose.
Things would be better without this change. (R)
This change is not necessary. (R)
I have no choice but to go along with this change.
I feel pressure to go along with this change.
I have too much at stake to resist this change.
It would be too costly for me to resist this change.
It would be risky to speak out against this change.
Resisting this change is not a viable option for me.
I feel a sense of duty to work toward this change.
I do not think it would be right of me to oppose this
change.
I would not feel badly about opposing this change. (R)
It would be irresposible of me to resist this change.
I would feel guilty about oposing this change.
I do not feel any obligation to support this change. (R)
I know how to solve my own technical (ICT related)
problems.
I can learn new digital technologies easily.
I keep up with important new digital technologies.
I know about a lot of different digital technologies.
I have the technical skills I need to use digital technologies
for working/learning and to create
artefacts (e.g. presentations) that demonstrate my
understanding of what I have learnt.

I have good digital technology skills.


I am confident with my search and evaluation skills to
obtain information from the Web.
I am familiar with issues related to web-based activities
e.g. cyber safety, search issues, plagiarism.
Digital technology enables me to collaborate better with
my colleagues on project work and other working/learning
activities.
I frequently obtain help with my work tasks from my
colleagues over the Internet e.g. through
Skype, Microsoft teams.
I am confident in browsing, searching, filtering data, and
information & digital content.
I regularly use cloud information storage services or
external hard drives.
I verify the sources of the information I find.
I actively use a wide range of online communication tools
at work.
I choose digital tools and technologies for collaborative
processes.
I have net-ettique (differentiate behavioral norms) while
using CT and interacting in digital environments.
I can produce complex digital content in different formats
(e.g. images and video).
I can apply advanced formatting functions of different
tools (e.g. mail merge) to the content I or others have
produced.
I respect copyright and license rules and I know how to
apply them to digital information and content.
I am able to apply advanced setting to some software and
programs.
I periodically check my privacy setting and update my
security programs (e.g. antivirus) on the device(s) that I use
to access the Internet.
I am able to select safe and suitable digital media, which
are efficient and cos-effective in comparison with others.

I am able to solve a technical problem or decide what to


do when technology does not work.
I can use digital technologies (devices or services) to solve
(non-technical) problems.
I am able to use varied media to express myself creatively
(i.e. images, video).
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