English (7) For Nursing
English (7) For Nursing
English (7) For Nursing
Topic 7
Name : Irma Nurul Aeni
Class : 2A PSIK
Nim : 1020031081
Instructional objective
The students are expected to be able:
1. to make questions to fill a pain assessment form, and
2. to act out an interview to fill a pain assessment form.
Reading
Direction. Read the text below. Use the pain assessment form for your communication practice.
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questions about pain intensity. For example, worst pain intensity may be asked in relation
to the past 24 hours or the past week.
3. Is this pain constant? If not, how often does it occur? These questions help screen for the
presence of breakthrough pain (BTP), defined as a transitory increase in pain that occurs
on a background of otherwise controlled chronic pain. If the patient says the pain is
constant, this rules out BTP. But if the patient say the pain is not constant, further
questioning is indicated, specifically asking the patient whether there are temporary
flares of pain that are more intense than the constant pain.
4. Quality of pain. This information is helpful in diagnosing the underlying pain
mechanism. Soreness is commonly more likely to be indicative of somatic pain, whereas
burning or knifelike pain is more likely to be indicative of neuropathic pain. This
information may have direct implications for the type of pain treatment chosen. For
example, an anticonvulsant (an adjuvant analgesic) may be indicated for knifelike pain.
One study found that the quality of pain seemed to cluster in three groups: (1) paroxysmal
pain sensations, such as shooting, sharp, and radiating pains; (2) superficial pain, such as
itchy, cold, sensitive, and tingling pains; and (3) deep pain, such as aching, dull, cramping,
and throbbing pain (Victor, Jensen, Gammaitoni, et al., 2008).
If the patient has difficulty describing pain, the clinician should ask the patient about
the appropriateness of possible descriptors, such as throbbing, shooting, sharp,
cramping, aching, tender, pricking, burning, or pulling. For the patient who continues to
have difficulty, try asking him or her, “What could you do to me to make me feel the pain
you have?”
5. Onset, duration, variations, rhythms. To detect variations and rhythms, ask the patient,
“When did this pain begin?” “Is the pain better or worse at certain times, certain hours of
the day or night, or certain times of the month?”
6. Manner of expressing pain. Ask the patient if he or she is hesitant or embarrassed to
discuss the pain or whether the patient tries to hide it from others. Ask the patient if using
the pain rating scale is acceptable.
7. What relieves the pain? If the patient has had pain for a while, he or she may know
which medications and doses are helpful and may have found some nondrug methods,
such as cold packs, helpful. If appropriate, these methods should be continued.
8. What causes or increases the pain? A variety of activities, body positions, and other
events may increase pain, and efforts can be made to avoid them or to provide additional
analgesia at those times.
9. Effects of pain. These items help to identify how pain affects the patient’s quality of life
and how pain interferes with recovery from illness. Information obtained in this section
may be useful in developing pain management goals. If pain interferes with sleep, a major
goal may be to identify a pain rating that will allow the patient to sleep through the night
without being awakened by pain.
10. Other comments. No tool is comprehensive. This space simply allows for information
the patient may wish to add.
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11. Plan. Immediate and long-range plans can be mentioned here and developed in
greater detail as time passes.
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Related Vocabularies
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Variety of Pain
Aching /ˈākiNG/ (adj) : sakit yang intens
Burning /ˈbərniNG/ (adj) : sakit seperti terbakar
Cramping /krempiNG/ (adj) : kram
Pricking /prikiNG/ (adj) : sakit seperti tertusuk
Pulling /po͝ oling/ (adj) : sakit seperti ditarik
Radiating (adj) : sakit yang menjalar
Shooting /ˈSHo͞odiNG/ (adj) : rasa sakit seperti ditembak
Stabbing /stabiNG/ (adj) : sakit seperti ditikam
Throbbing /ˈTHräbiNG/ (adj) : sakit berdenyut-denyut
Tingling (adj) : nyeri kesemutan
Cold /kōld/ (adj) : kedinginan
Dull /dəl/ (adj) : sakit yang membosankan
Itchy /ˈiCHē/ (adj) : gatal
Knifelike /nīf līk/ (adj) : seperti pisau
Sensitive /ˈsensədiv/ (adj) : sensitive
Sharp /SHärp/ (adj) : tajam
Tender /ˈtendər/ (adj) : rasa sakit yang lembut
Useful Expressions
Direction. Study the following useful expressions. These expressions can be used in the interview to fill
a pain assessment form.
1 Location
Where do you feel the pain?
Show me the location of your pain.
2 Intensity
From 0 to 10, with 10 being the worst, how would you rate what you feel
right now?
3 Pain consistency
Is this pain constant?
If not, how often does it occur?
4 Quality of pain
What is the pain like?
Is it dull, sharp, stabbing, or aching?
What could you do to me to make me feel the pain you have?
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6 Manner of expressing pain
Are you embarrassed to discuss your pain?
Did you try to hide your pain from others?
7 Alleviating factors
What relieves your pain?
What makes your pain better?
8 Aggravating factors
What causes or increases the pain?
What makes your pain worse?
9 Effects of pain
How did the pain affect your life?
How did the pain interfere with your recovery from this illness?
10 Other comments
Do you wish something?
Case: a patient is suspected of having ovarian cysts. A nurse notices a swelling in the
lower abdomen.
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Nurse : Mrs. Scott, I need to fill in a medical report about your health status.
Patient : Sure.
Nurse : Do you feel any pain (1) in your abdomen?
Patient : Yes I feel a little bit pain. I also feel pain (2) when having a sexual
intercourse I feel nausea and fever.
Nurse : (3) Where is the pain? Could you point at the pain?
Patient : It’s around here.
Nurse : Well, thank you Mrs. Scott for your information. I will report this to your
obstetrician.
(The conversations were taken from English for Professional Nurses 1 written by Leo A.
Pamudya.)
Patient: during activity the pain is very intense but at rest the pain subsides
Nurse : Where is the pain in the area ma'am, does the pain radiate?
Patient: no problem, only in the left abdominal area
Nurse: I'll give you a pain scale of 1-10. On what scale do you think the pain is?
Patient : 5
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Nurse: for the pain to persist or to come and go?
Patient: missing
Nurse : Are there any other complaints besides pain?
Patient : no
Nurse : Does this pain interfere with you activities?
Patient: yes
Nurse: Do you have a history of other illnesses?
Patient: no
Nurse: how do you feel when you are sick like this?
Patient: my activities are disturbed
Nurse : has there been any change during the illness?
Patient: Yes, it's hard to sleep
Nurse: ok ma'am later I will tell the doctor about ma'am's condition