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    Crop Production Handouts

    Uploaded by

    mokshithakapoor657
    The document outlines the various steps involved in crop production and management: 1. Soil preparation through ploughing, leveling, and manuring to loosen the soil and add nutrients. 2. Sowing seeds through methods like broadcasting, drilling, and transplantation. 3. Adding manures and fertilizers like cow dung and chemical fertilizers to supply nutrients to soil. 4. Irrigating crops according to their needs and environment through traditional and modern methods. 5. Protecting crops by weeding, using pesticides, herbicides, fungicides and crop rotation to control weeds, insects and disease. 6. Harvesting mature crops and processing through thresh

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Crop Production Handouts

    Uploaded by

    mokshithakapoor657
    33 views3 pages
    The document outlines the various steps involved in crop production and management: 1. Soil preparation through ploughing, leveling, and manuring to loosen the soil and add nutrients. 2. Sowing seeds through methods like broadcasting, drilling, and transplantation. 3. Adding manures and fertilizers like cow dung and chemical fertilizers to supply nutrients to soil. 4. Irrigating crops according to their needs and environment through traditional and modern methods. 5. Protecting crops by weeding, using pesticides, herbicides, fungicides and crop rotation to control weeds, insects and disease. 6. Harvesting mature crops and processing through thresh

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    The document outlines the various steps involved in crop production and management: 1. Soil preparation through ploughing, leveling, and manuring to loosen the soil and add nutrients. 2. Sowing seeds through methods like broadcasting, drilling, and transplantation. 3. Adding manures and fertilizers like cow dung and chemical fertilizers to supply nutrients to soil. 4. Irrigating crops according to their needs and environment through traditional and modern methods. 5. Protecting crops by weeding, using pesticides, herbicides, fungicides and crop rotation to control weeds, insects and disease. 6. Harvesting mature crops and processing through thresh

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    33 views3 pages

    Crop Production Handouts

    Uploaded by

    mokshithakapoor657
    The document outlines the various steps involved in crop production and management: 1. Soil preparation through ploughing, leveling, and manuring to loosen the soil and add nutrients. 2. Sowing seeds through methods like broadcasting, drilling, and transplantation. 3. Adding manures and fertilizers like cow dung and chemical fertilizers to supply nutrients to soil. 4. Irrigating crops according to their needs and environment through traditional and modern methods. 5. Protecting crops by weeding, using pesticides, herbicides, fungicides and crop rotation to control weeds, insects and disease. 6. Harvesting mature crops and processing through thresh

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, ELECTRONIC CITY

    SUBJECT: SCIENCE HANDOUTS


    CLASS VIII

    CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT

    The various tasks performed by a farmer to produce a good crop are called agricultural practices.
    1. Preparation of soil
    Preparation of the soil is the first step in cultivating a crop for food production.
    It is done be (i) ploughing, (ii) Levelling (iii) manuring
    Advantages:
    Ploughing
    • The loose soil allows the plant roots to penetrate freely and deeper into the soil so that plants held
    firmly to the ground and breathe easily due to air packets in soil.
    • Loose soil helps the growth of worms and microbes who add humus to the soil
    • Ploughing helps to uproot and burry weeds

    Levelling:
    • It prevents soil erosion
    • Prevent water loss from the soil.
    • Uniform Irrigation

    Manuring:
    • Nutrients are added according to the requirement of the soil.

    2. Sowing:
    The process of scattering (or putting) seeds in the ground soil for growing crops is called sowing.

    The methods of sowing are

    a) Broadcasting: Seeds are thrown randomly on the field


    b) Seed drill: Seeds are put on soil by a tool known as seed drill at regular intervals.
    c) Transplantation: Saplings are grown in nursery and then they are planted on field.

    3. Adding manures and fertilizers


    Manure: It is a natural substance obtained by the decomposition of animal waste like cow dung, human
    wastes and plant residues, which supplies essential elements and humus to the soil and makes it more
    fertile.
    Adv: It improves soil texture, water holding capacity, microbes and makes the soil porous.
    Disadv: Its bulky, voluminous, insoluble in water and not easy to store,

    Fertilizers: A chemical fertilizer is a salt or an organic compound containing the necessary plant nutrients
    like N, P or K to make the soil more fertile
    Adv: Nutrient specific, required in small quantity and soluble in water.
    Disadv: In long run it affects the soil fertility, kills the microbes.

    Crop rotation: The practice in which different types of crops (leguminous and non-leguminous) are
    grown alternately in the same field or soil is called crop rotation.

    4. Irrigation
    The process of supplying water to crop plants according to the requirement in the fields is called irrigation.
    Need of Irrigation:
    Its required for germination of seeds, maintain the moisture in soil, absorption of minerals, fertilizers and
    other nutrients
    Factors affecting Irrigation:
    a) Nature of the Crop
    b) Nature of soil
    c) Season
    Sources:
    Well, tube well, ponds, lakes, rivers, dams, canals
    Methods:
    1. Traditional
    a) Moat
    b) Chain pump
    c) Dhekli
    d) Rahat
    e) Pump
    2. Modern
    a) Drip
    b) Sprinkler

    5. Protection :

    a) Weeding: The unwanted plants (or wild Plants) which grow along with a cultivated crop are called
    weeds. The removal of weeds is called as weeding. The weeds compete with the main plants for
    nutrients, water, sunlight and space.
    They can be removed by following methods:
    i) Manually by hand
    ii) By using trowel or hoe
    iii) Weedicides
    Spraying weedicides (chemicals that kill weeds but do not damage crops), such as 2, 4
    Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D), Naphthalene acetic acid, and Atrazine.

    b) Pests: There are various other organisms which damage the crops like Insects, rodents, fungi. To get rid
    of them we have various methods. By using pesticides, crop rotation, herbicides, rodenticides,
    fungicides etc.

    6. Harvesting:
    The cutting and gathering of the mature crop is called harvesting. It involves various steps.
    The process of beating out the grains from the harvested crop plants is called threshing.
    The process of separating grains from chaff and hay with the help of wind is called winnowing.
    7. Storage:
    The food grains obtained by harvesting the crops are dried in the sunshine before storing, to reduce their
    moisture. As the higher moisture content in food grains promotes the growth of fungus and moulds on the
    stored grains which damages them.
    Usually they are stored in metal bins or jute bags. On a large scale they are stored in cold storage, granary
    or grain silos.

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