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    Intelligence Risks and Threats

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    alejandroenriquezpoza
    Disinformation campaigns pose risks to Spanish national security in several ways: 1) They seek to mobilize public opinion by distorting reality and forcing people to take sides in conflicts. 2) They can cause political instability by further dividing public opinion and governments. 3) They violate cyberspace, which is important to protect, and can impact citizens, companies, and governments through algorithms and data theft. 4) They threaten fundamental individual rights and freedoms that Spain's constitution aims to protect.

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    Intelligence Risks and Threats

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    alejandroenriquezpoza
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    Disinformation campaigns pose risks to Spanish national security in several ways: 1) They seek to mobilize public opinion by distorting reality and forcing people to take sides in conflicts. 2) They can cause political instability by further dividing public opinion and governments. 3) They violate cyberspace, which is important to protect, and can impact citizens, companies, and governments through algorithms and data theft. 4) They threaten fundamental individual rights and freedoms that Spain's constitution aims to protect.

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    Disinformation campaigns pose risks to Spanish national security in several ways: 1) They seek to mobilize public opinion by distorting reality and forcing people to take sides in conflicts. 2) They can cause political instability by further dividing public opinion and governments. 3) They violate cyberspace, which is important to protect, and can impact citizens, companies, and governments through algorithms and data theft. 4) They threaten fundamental individual rights and freedoms that Spain's constitution aims to protect.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views4 pages

    Intelligence Risks and Threats

    Uploaded by

    alejandroenriquezpoza
    Disinformation campaigns pose risks to Spanish national security in several ways: 1) They seek to mobilize public opinion by distorting reality and forcing people to take sides in conflicts. 2) They can cause political instability by further dividing public opinion and governments. 3) They violate cyberspace, which is important to protect, and can impact citizens, companies, and governments through algorithms and data theft. 4) They threaten fundamental individual rights and freedoms that Spain's constitution aims to protect.

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    of 4

    NATIONAL SECURITY RISKS AND THREATS:

    disinformation campaigns

    Intelligence
    Ana Isabel Páramo Carretero
    Miguel Alcalá
    Alejandro Enríquez
    Paloma García
    Paula Pérez
    “La desinformación se construye a partir de las verdades alternativas. La propaganda
    es el eje de estos hechos alternativos. No solo es una amenaza para los medios de
    comunicación sino para los ciudadanos y su toma de decisiones en procesos vinculados a la
    salud democrática. A nivel diplomático, los gobiernos se convierten en el principal objetivo
    de la guerra de información en línea entre Israel y Hamas” (Pellicer, 2023)

    Disinformation campaigns involve the coordinated use of various media to create and
    disseminate content aimed at broad audiences with malicious intent to discredit or influence
    the target of the attack. Thus, just like what happened with the war in Ukraine, the conflict
    between Hamas and Israel has become a perfect vehicle for disinformation campaigns. The
    current socio-political situation in Spain and the global and national significance given to the
    conflict make disinformation campaigns on this issue a serious risk to Spanish National
    Security. But why?

    Why does this event affect National Security?

    How does it affect what is said about a war miles away in our country? Certainly it
    may seem that the current conflict in the Gaza Strip can have little effect on our National
    Security, beyond the statements or positions we take regarding it. But this is not entirely the
    case, several issues of the conflict, including the one we are discussing in this paper,
    represent a risk or a threat to our country according to the ideas of the DSN National Security
    Strategy 2021. According to this strategic plan, disinformation campaigns on issues internal
    or external to our country by others (states or not) are a big risk on their own and another risk
    because of their relation to the vulnerability of cyberspace. But what are the specific risks or
    threats that this entails?

    ● Mobilization of public opinion:

    Disinformation campaigns seek to distort reality through manipulated content. They


    have become a new type of battle, a battle for the narrative; countries seek to support the
    narratives of others or impose their own on those of others... Thus, they seek to gain
    sympathizers, confuse others, confront... in the end, they are focused on a public opinion that
    they want to mobilize. Such is the case of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. Overwhelmed with
    information, news, opinions, etc. we have been forced to position ourselves or defend one
    side or the other. We have fallen into these campaigns, where through numerous media, fake
    news, half stories... Hamas or Israel have achieved their goal, to disrupt our social order
    according to their criteria.
    ● Political instability:

    The question is, why this interest? In the first instance we find the states involved in
    the conflict looking to gain followers, allies, support... On the other hand, we can find third
    countries that, taking advantage of the conflict, introduce disinformation campaigns on the
    subject in order to polarize and further divide public opinion and governments. Also, we
    could find a third option, that these campaigns are internal, promoted by one or another party.
    Regarding these last two points, it is enough to review the Spanish press since the beginning
    of the conflict to see how the Government has divided itself in two by means of various
    statements and how the population has done the same but by protests. Campaigns triumph,
    political and social instability prevails.
    Finally, we can talk - and we are talking - about the existence of another possible
    actor who runs disinformation campaigns: individuals. We are not talking about tweeters or
    journalists who publish fake news or their own opinion with sensationalist speeches, but
    about people who present perfectly ordered and thought-out systems in order to increase their
    profit per view. Just as Hamas uses Telegram and Israel uses "X", there are particular
    individuals who use these media in the same way but to make money. These pose just as
    much of a threat to our National Security, for although their intentions are different, the
    consequences of their actions are the same.

    ● Violation of the cyberspace

    But it should be borne in mind that disinformation campaigns always go hand in hand
    with the violation of cyberspace as they consist of the use of cyberspace as a means to carry
    out illicit activities that impact on National Security. The protection of cyberspace is
    extremely important, even more so today with the enormous development of AI and Big
    Data. The enormous and almost necessary digital exposure of citizens, companies and
    administrations makes them an easy and appetizing focus for disinformation campaigns.
    These, moreover, can be boosted thanks to algorithms or through data subtraction.

    ● Defense of the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals according to the EC.

    In relation to the previous paragraph, the violation of cyberspace and disinformation


    campaigns are of great interest for National Security, since the Spanish Constitution reflects
    the right to data protection and another series of fundamental freedoms and rights that can be
    violated if these actions are not stopped. Disinformation campaigns, in turn, are a way of
    restricting the freedom of Spanish citizens, as they are excessively targeted by such
    campaigns.
    References:

    DSN | Sitio oficial del Departamento de Seguridad Nacional. Retrieved October 31, 2023,

    from https://www.dsn.gob.es/es

    Pellicer, M. (2023, October 12). Propaganda y desinformación en la guerra entre Israel y

    Hamás - MiquelPellicer.com. Miquel Pellicer. Retrieved October 31, 2023, from

    https://miquelpellicer.com/2023/10/propaganda-y-desinformacion-en-la-guerra-israel-

    y-hamas/

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