Literature Review Sample
Literature Review Sample
Literature Review Sample
Tarana Parveen,2015 The Kite Runner: “Role of Multicultural fiction in Fostering cultural
competence”. The author says about the multicultural fostering cultural in Afghanistan and
America. The Kite Runner has the power of disturb the thoughts of the readers of diverse
cultures. The novel describes that the person gains and losses of individual characters. The
narrative is powerful where the reader can breathe the dust and smell. And the people writers the
brutality of the war. During the war his family, baba and Amir traveled to America, where they
were faced multicultural problems, and then Amir was adopted with Khastegari tradition. And
Amir gets married with Soraya in a traditional Afghan manner, and his father’s death at last Amir
was comes to understand about his own culture and the novel speaks about the Hazara and
Pashtun communities and how the community’s peoples where change during the Soviet War
with different cultures. Components of Multicultural competency are given in the name of
Awareness, Attitude, Knowledge and Skills. The novel is an ideal means to build a cultural
competence and has a real role to play in protection global peoples. Multicultural literature
exposes the people history, geography, social conditions. Husseini shows a pathetic picture of the
war-torn Afghanistan. Husseini has written the ethnic struggles in Afghanistan he talks about the
facts through the novel. The protagonist belongs to the privileged class and his friend belongs to
lower class and his father Ali he was a servant in Amir’s house and they are belonging to
marginalized Hazara class. In this novel they are learned and developed the skills necessary for
Mr. Ranju. P, 2022, “The influence of culture identity in Khaled Hosseini’s The kite Runner”.
The article aims the cultural influences the person realizes their identity more if they were in a
different culture in their own society. Mostly one pass on will experience the good over evil of
both the groups and connected in a society the same happens to Hassan who is servant in Amirs
house. America is popular for immigration for various reason but the people follow. they face
many problems in the local due to physical appearance culture and religion. Cultural identity is
the struggle between personal identity and cultural influences, involves recognizing factor the
race ethnicity marital status and many that define oneself in the society. Bakhtin argues that
literature us tied to culture and cannot be studied separately. Cultural identity was art of hoe they
saw themselves based on their cultural groups, Afghanistan the minority groups namely Hazaras
were troubled by Taliban, even music, dance and alcohol is banned in post –colonial society
culture plays a vital role the novel portrays cultural identity in various event Amir and Hassan
have their own cultural identity. Hassan accepts Pashtun whereas Amir followed his culture even
in America. He wanted to preserve his culture and tradition values hence the phenomenon of
Ramesh Preasad Adhikary,2021, “Crisis of Cultural Identity in Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite
Runner”. The novel kite runner by Khaled Hossein assigns the cultural disaster to the protagonist
Amir. Hybridity, acculturation, and diaspora are responsible for cultural disaster. Attention to our
protagonist, he is a Muslim boy, he belongs to the Pashtun community, and he was relocating to
the USA (America). Due to the Soviet war, where his family was relocated to the USA
(America). Our protagonist feels alone in that place and he feels uncomfortable adopting the
American culture in the aspects of multiculturalism. When protagonist adopts to new culture, he
loses his primary culture. When he long lives with American culture and distracts himself from
native land a contract with other culture is lost. Where Amir has strict for his adjustment and
contacts with Americans, and it brings a loss of primary culture. In this way they fell the cultural
past few decades, in Afghanistan, there are been numerous talks and connections made, but
everything is reduced to murder, bloodshed, and terrorism and they were divided himself from
Afghanistan. They have forgotten the corruption and lost the pride after the Soviet war and
Taliban assault. In every sense, the people saw it as a failure. Khaled Hosseini, an Afghan
American novelist created a place for himself in the setting by publishing all his books in native
Afghanistan. This paper tries to show how Hosseini de-mystifies the west particularly through
his first book the kite runner. Hazara is the third largest ethnic group they were identifying his
belongings to same culture here by resurrecting Afghan from the bruises prejudged by entire
world.
Runner”. In this article the author says about the ethnic groups in Afghanistan in Afghanistan
there are (Pashtun, Hazara, Tajik, Baluch) many groups in the society but Taliban the ethnic
groups they are the powerful groups in Afghanistan. Taliban’s were creating the problems. So,
most of the peoples were migrate to America for his own identity. Afghanistan was disrupted in
25 years by war. Taliban’s were totally destroyed the Afghan culture, family, and they were
created plenty of refugees. Afghanistan is Islamic religion; they are playing an important role in
personal conduct and dispute settlement. Afghanistan peoples celebrate Afghan literature.
Afghan literature is rich in literary tradition. In winter holidays the peoples were conducting the
kite fighting in Kabul. Cultural identity is based on particular ethnic group and they influence the
peoples felling and behaviors. Classical poetry and plays are playing a very important role in the
culture. Afghanistan is a multilingual country. In Afghan there are two language Dari and
Pashto’s used to communicate. Dari is the official language in Afghanistan. In this novel we find
different type of cultures in Afghanistan, the author says about the relationship between them
and their effects. The kite is the symbol of success in the novel, the author analysis the cultural
identity through his actions and conflicts between Amir and Hassan. Both are belonging to
Akram Sadat Hosseinian Esmaeil Zohdi, “The kite Runner, The problem of racism and
ethnicity”. The author says about the post-colonialism root of imperialism. Imperialism refers to
the weaker nation dominated by power people the culture of Europe also influenced the others
countries this play the way for the post-colonialism. Post-colonialism is a branch of literature
which deals with social, cultural and political issues of colonized nations after their
independence from colonizer. Racism is seen in all the ages and societies. Ethnicity is considered
as the substitute of the term racism. Ethnicity refers to a group of people who are from the same
origin, history, value but differ in terms of clothing, customs or religion, it can be also called as
cultural identity. Race is said to be the biological heritage which is from the physical features
gene pool and character qualities. Race it is of two types “racist behavior of the powerful
countries against the colonized countries. Conflict and challenges among the ethical groups this
is mostly recognized by ethnicity. Although the novels had many themes like war, friendship,
migration, poverty and many but the article deals with the racism clash between Pashtun and
Hazara. The main aim of this article is to look over the racial and ethnic behavior of Afghan
figures in the kite runner. Racism is not the result of scientific observation, but it is due to the
human difference that happened between 16 th and 19th century. In America, Amir and his father
are not treated properly because they are from Afghan, but in Afghan Pashtun race is more
ethnic group thinks that another ethnic group is lower and they should treat as less than humans
and it is known as ethnic dehumanization. In this novel the researcher say about the struggle’s
between the Pashtun and Hazara in Afghanistan they are two main and different ethnic groups
and this paper deals with the idea of dehumanization in this paper the theories and sociological
and psychological approaches where used in this paper apart from that more communities were
inhabit Afghanistan like Shia, Sunni sect and few Hindu, Sikh and jew communities were speaks
about were the Hazara peoples are dehumanized by Pashtun and the Pashtun peoples they were
consider as themselves superior than Hazara’s because of their physical appearance, religious
belief and cultural practices. The kite runner mainly focuses on dehumanization and
dehumanizing ethnicity. Where the Afghan peoples are bad this is the major problem in the kite
Runner’s Novel and Hosseini’s not mainly focus on dehumanization ethnicity and he also focus
on physiological health oppressed by the ethnic people in Afghanistan. These are the ethnicity
and dehumanization were speaking about in this novel the kite runner.
Soni prasetyo Arifin dan Much, “Afghan Immigrants Cultural Adaptation in Khaled Hosseini’s
The Kite Runner”. In this novel the author says about the new country cultural adaptation and
understanding of the culture. When the soviet war comes Amir’s family was migrated to
America and this article speaks about the Afghan culture immigration in this novel the kite
runner. In this cultural adaptation there are four processes through the influences of cultural
identity the people were isolated by the cultural adaptation. Amir, Baba and other immigrants
were influenced by cultural identity. Diaspora, Unhomeliness, imitation culture and hybrid
culture there are the four impacts of cultural adaptation process in this novel the kite runner.
Diaspora is the first impact it says about the peoples were facing the new cultural in new
environment, where they live in America at first time. The second impact of the cultural
consciousness its hard to see the ups and downs about American culture. And the third impact of
cultural adaptation is imitation. Amir was adopted to the new American culture because of his
mimicry. The person estimation become high to adopts the new society because of his mimicry.
The imitation also follows the American environmental culture. And the last impact of the
cultural adaptation is hybrid culture. This hybrid culture is also called as hybridization. Both
hybridizations can combine the immigrant culture to new culture which person feels the in
hybridizations the culture they can recognized both the original culture and the environmental
culture. It means they have two cultures in his cultural identity. These are the cultural adaptation
of Afghan immigration of Amir and Baba were migrated to America and there they face the four
stages of cultural in America by the way of four stages they were adopted to the new culture.
Hosseini’s The Kite Runner”. This article is tried to say explore the elements of multiculturalism
in the novel the kite runner. At the age of eleven the writer left his homeland after the Russian
invention same the write reflects his sentiment to the novel the kite runner. In this novel the
protagonist Amir has migrated to America due to dangerous political war in Kabul, Afghanistan.
This paper tries to show about the multiculturalism. The class of Amir and Hassan they are
belongs to different communities Pathum and Hazara where is also a east and west clash of
values and customs. Through the migration of Amir to America. Multiculturalism is starts in the
soviet war where the Taliban’s were taken over the Afghan culture and over the Afghan country.
And one group of people were migrated to America and there the people face lot of struggles for
the food and shelter and the peoples is not easy to adopt the new culture and later they were
adopting with two culture where is own culture and new culture of America. The novel
among the immigrants of Afghan culture Amir and his wife Soraya mixed with the non-Afghan
students in the public school and Amir has stand up a new writer and he belongs to different
community when Amir returns to his homeland of Kabul, Afghanistan he faces lots of struggles
and difficulty due to the Taliban regime. Amir sees the cultural difference of Afghanistan and
America culture these are the struggles were face by the protagonist in this novel where he sees
Wijayanti Ike Dewi, “Three Models of Cultural Displacement in Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite
Runner”. This article is to study the culture that followed by Baba and Amir and general Taliban.
The study is within the framework of post-colonial criticism. This article is done with the data
collected from the plot structural character and characterization these helps to analysis the
cultural followed. Mainly focus on the unhomeliness and double consciousness these are related
to the culture they follow in homeliness and in America. The change of culture his affected the
physical health. In America Baba was affected by cancer on the Amir is a successful person in
America.
Sameena Nauman, James J. Connolly, “American culture and Afghan Identity in Khaled
Hosseini’s The Kite Runner”. This article is deals with the political issue in the kite runner it says
about the American and early Americans in the book as well as the struggle of Amir to find the
identity in united states America this research about two cultures that hoe Amir faces the western
culture and hoe the influence in his own culture. Amir came from Afghanistan and struggle for
personal redemption some also view the novel in neocolonial perspective. He also refers Amir as
westernized protagonist Amir. In Afghanistan Amir and Hassan are good friends but separated
by the religion Hassan faced many struggles and even reduced because of the religion he belongs
this was the reason why these two boys are separated. Where as in America, Amir and his father
are rejected because they are immigrant. They work hard to survive. He also prizes his culture
that he followed in Afghan and also in America which is called as multiculturalism. when he
came back to Afghan to rescue Hassan’s son, he fells to like a visit to his own country. But in
Samhita Singh, Jaya Tiwari, 2023, “Cultural Encounter in Khaled Hosseini’s The kite
Runner”. The kite Runner it was published in the year of 2003in this novel Amir was searching
for his recovery and it is all about giving awareness to the Afghan people during in the time of
war. The novel also talks about the family bond between father and son. In the end of the Khaled
Hosseini novel, it ends with the significant of these culture values in his family. The novel is
concentrated on amalgamation of cultural values, bond, identity searching for his redemption and
life at time of war. Hazara community peoples faced the racial discrimination account which
was say in the literatures of the Afghan peoples. Afghanistan is a multilingual country and the
peoples are speaking in the language Dari and Pashto. Dari is the official language of Afghan
peoples. Kite flying is an integral part of Afghan culture from centuries. Another exciting way of
Afghan culture is Rituals marriage. Rituals marriage plays a great roll in one person’s life it
illustrates Afghan culture is exciting manner. The bond between the Amir a Baba where baba
was disliking Amir before the kite fighting match. when Amir won the kite fighting match his
father was praising him. And both the relationship become very stronger. At last, the novel says
Hosseini- A Diasporic analysis, in this article the focus was on the cultural identity and cultural
globalization, mainly how the author portrayed the Muslim identity crisis. This says how the
Muslim culture people affect if the immigrant from their home place also on the diasporic
Muslim identity. This paper tells the relationship between Amir and Hassan, which helped Amir
to know his identity. The protagonist deals with the Afghan. Muslim where he finds himself had
to follow both the culture. In United States both Amir and Baba could not spoke the language
and follow the culture which is very hard. The novel examines the cultural integration,
generation strife and the gap between tradition and progress. Amir& Baba are outside the home
country and are often faced with the challenge of preserving their identity in a foreign culture. It
emphasizes the impact of historical events and the memories of their homeland on shaping the
character’s identities. This reflects how the past influence the present in diasporic communities.
It also explores how Amir accept the new culture and follow it, when Hassan’s son comes to
Hosseini’s The Kite Runner”. This paper examines the interface of western and Indian sub-
continental cultures & then impact of cultural collisions in the novel. The paper mainly focuses
on cultural collision and cultural wars. The main theme is cultural dislocation experienced by
Amir, which force them to follow other culture. The paper focus on the culture changes that
happens to Amir and the different environment they focus and how they face problems in the
other country like oppression. Then Amir fought for the identity. In America, Amir& his father
were rejected because of the colour. Where as in Afghanistan, they belong to Pashtuns religion,
which is consider as respectable & successful religion. Where Hassan who belong to Hazara’s
community they steal and they were get out. The issues such as discrimination, racialism &
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