IELTS Preparation Guide 2wdwww023 JP
IELTS Preparation Guide 2wdwww023 JP
IELTS Preparation Guide 2wdwww023 JP
Preparation Guide
Contents
03 Why IELTS 18 IELTS Academic Writing
04 How can IELTS help you succeed 21 IELTS General Training Writing
Why IELTS?
IELTS is an English IELTS your way The test that’s tried and
language test for study, You have the choice between taking trusted
migration or work. IELTS at a test centre or at the IELTS has been developed by some
convenience of your home. At a test of the world’s leading experts in
centre you can take IELTS on computer language assessment and is supported
IELTS is recognised by more or on paper. At home you can take by an extensive program of research,
than 11,000 organisations IELTS online. validation and test development.
including educational
institutions, employers, Accessible and convenient The level of the test
professional associations Available at 2200 locations and online
There is no ‘pass’ or ‘fail’ in IELTS
in more than 80 countries.
and governments, in more as it is designed to assess English
than 140 countries around To find out test dates in your area, language skills across a wide range of
levels. Results are reported as band
the world. please contact your nearest IELTS test
scores on a scale of 1 (the lowest) to
centre. A list of IDP IELTS test locations
is available at ieltsjp.com/test-dates. 9 (the highest).
IELTS is available in two different • Four recorded monologues and • Four recorded monologues and
types: Academic and General Training. conversations conversations
Organisations will normally specify
which type of IELTS you will need for
your application.
Reading (60 minutes) Reading (60 minutes)
In some cases, either IELTS Academic • Three reading passages with tasks • Section 1 contains two or three short
or IELTS General Training may be factual texts
accepted. If you are in doubt as to • Texts may include diagrams, graphs
which to take, you should contact the or illustrations • Section 2 contains two short, work-
organisation you are applying to check related, factual texts
their requirements. • Texts are taken from books,
journals, magazines and newspapers • Section 3 contains one longer text
In both IELTS Academic and IELTS on a topic of general interest
General Training tests, you are tested
on all four language skills – Listening, • Texts are authentic and taken from
Reading, Writing and Speaking – notices, advertisements, company
unless you have an exemption due to handbooks, official documents,
a disability. Everyone takes the same books and general interest
Listening and Speaking tests. There
are different Reading and Writing
tests for IELTS Academic and IELTS
General Training. Writing (60 minutes) Writing (60 minutes)
Has partial command of the language, coping with overall meaning in most
5 Modest user situations, although is likely to make many mistakes. Should be able to handle
basic communication in own field.
No real communication is possible except for the most basic information using
2 Intermittent user isolated words or short formulae in familiar situations and to meet immediate
needs. Has great difficulty understanding spoken and written English.
IELTS ONLINE
IELTS ON COMPUTER IELTS ON PAPER
(TAKEN AT HOME OR
(TAKEN IN-CENTRE) (TAKEN IN-CENTRE)
A SUITABLE LOCATION)
Can be taken anywhere Private room with reliable Must be taken Must be taken
internet connection in-centre in-centre
IELTS P R EPA R AT IO N G U I D E 8
IELTS Online
What is IELTS Online Key benefits
IELTS Online is our new Convenient, take from home or any private space with an internet connection
convenient way to take IELTS
Academic. All you need is a Results within 3-6 days
Windows or Mac computer,
stable internet connection and a
well-lit private space. Speaking test with a human examiner via video call
With the ability to filter content based on your needs and skill
level. To get access to all official IDP IELTS preparation materials
01 FIRST STEPS go to ieltsjp.com/prepare.
Plan your journey: Ensure you know how to get to the test
Practice makes perfect, so use your English as much as you can venue so that you arrive on time. Also get plenty of rest the
well in advance of the test. night before your test to help you feel more relaxed on the day.
Listening test
Listening Test format: Approximately 30 minutes
The Listening section is the same Section 1 Section 3
for both IELTS Academic and IELTS A conversation between two people A conversation between up to four
General Training. There are four set in an everyday social context (e.g., a people set in an educational or training
parts. You will hear the recording conversation about accommodation). context (e.g., a university tutor and a
only once. A variety of voices and student discussing an assignment, or a
native speaker accents are used. Section 2 group of people planning a project).
A monologue set in an everyday social
context (e.g., a speech about local Section 4
facilities or about arrangements for A talk (e.g., a university lecture).
meals during a conference).
Tips
01 03 05
At the beginning of each section You will sometimes have a list of Try to listen for key words or
read the questions for that section options to choose from as answers. synonyms (words that have the
carefully, before the recording The possible answers may be listed in same or nearly the same meaning
starts. This will help you to follow the alphabetical order and not necessarily as another word) from the question
recording and identify the answers. in the order you will hear them. to help you identify the answer. For
example, in the recording you might
02 04 hear: “She likes going to the gym
and playing tennis”. On your answer
After completing a section, it is better Be careful to note word limits. If
sheet/screen (in IELTS on computer),
to look ahead and read the questions there is an instruction: Write no more
this could appear as “She is an
for the next section than to worry than two words, writing more than
active person”.
about the last section. two words will mean you will receive
no marks at all for your answer, even
if some of the words are correct.
IELTS P R EPA R AT IO N G U I D E 12
Listening test
Question types
A variety of question types are used, chosen from the following: multiple choice, matching, plan/map/diagram
labelling, form/note/table/flowchart/summary completion, sentence completion.
Reading test
Reading test format: IELTS Academic, 60 minutes
There are three sections, each The texts are all real and are Texts range from the descriptive and
containing one long text. taken from books, magazines and factual to the discursive and analytical.
newspapers. They have been written Texts may contain non-verbal materials
for a non-specialist audience and such as diagrams, graphs or illustrations.
are on academic topics of general
interest, which means you do not need If texts contain technical terms, then a
specialist knowledge to do well. simple glossary is provided.
Section 2
Contains two short factual texts
focusing on work-related issues (e.g.
applying for jobs, company policies,
pay and conditions, workplace facilities,
staff development and training).
Tips
01 03 05
To improve your performance in the When you come to reading the If you are copying words from a
Reading test you need to practise passage, read it quickly the first question or reading passage to use
reading a variety of English texts. time in order to get a general idea in your answer, remember that your
This will help you develop the ability of what it’s about. Don’t worry about spelling must be accurate. In IELTS on
to read quickly. words you do not understand. Then computer, you can use Copy (Ctrl C)
read each question again to remind and Paste (Ctrl V) on your keyboard
02 yourself which parts of the passage to move your answers to the answer
you will need to read again in detail. box, reducing room for mistakes.
Read every question carefully first
before reading the passages. This
will make it easier for you to find the 04
answers. Underline possible answers The Reading passages always contain
as you go. In IELTS on computer, you the information you need to answer
can highlight or make notes on a the question. You won’t have to use
section of text. your own knowledge of a topic.
IELTS P R EPA R AT IO N G U I D E 14
Reading test
Question types
A variety of question types may be used, chosen from the following: multiple choice, identifying information,
identifying the writer’s views/claims, matching information, matching headings, matching features, matching
sentence endings, sentence completion, summary completion, note completion, table completion, flowchart
completion, diagram label completion and short-answer questions.
For this question type, you are required In this question type, you will be given In this question type, you are required
to choose: a number of statements and asked: to locate specific information within
“Do the following statements agree the lettered paragraphs/sections of
• the best answer from with the information in the text?”. You a text, and to select the letters of the
• four alternatives, or the best two are then required to write ‘True’, ‘False’ correct paragraphs/sections in the
answers from or ‘Not given’ in the answer boxes. It is answer section.
important to understand the difference
• five alternatives, or the best three
between ‘False’ and ‘Not given’. ‘False’ You may be asked to find: specific
answers
means the passage states the opposite details, an example, a reason, a
• from seven alternatives. of the statement in question. ‘Not description, a comparison, a summary
given’ means that the statement is or an explanation.
The questions may involve completing neither confirmed nor contradicted by
a sentence, where you are given the the information in the passage. You will not necessarily need to find,
first part of a sentence and then choose information in every paragraph/section
the best way to complete it from the of the text, but there may be more
options. There could be complete than one piece of information that you
IDENTIFYING WRITER’S
questions, where you will be asked to need to locate in a given paragraph/
VIEWS/CLAIMS
choose the option that best answers section. When this is the case, you will
them. The questions are in the same be told that you can use any letter
order as the information in the reading In this question type, you will be given more than once.
text: that is, the answer to the first a number of statements and asked: ‘Do
question in this question type will be the following statements agree with the
This question type can be used with
located in the text before the answer to views/ claims of the writer?’. You will
any text as it tests a wide range of
the second question, and so on. then select ‘Yes’, ‘No’ or ‘Not given’.
reading skills, from locating detail to
recognising a summary or definition.
It is important to understand the
difference between ‘No’ and ‘Not given’.
How it works
• ‘No’ means that the views or claims Matching information assesses your
of the writer explicitly disagree ability to scan for specific words and
with the statement, i.e. the writer phrases.
somewhere expresses the view or
makes a claim that is opposite to the
one given in the question.
• Not given’ means that the view
or claim is neither confirmed nor
contradicted.
How it works
This question type assesses your
ability to recognise opinions or ideas
and is often used with discursive or
argumentative texts.
IELTS P R EPA R AT IO N G U I D E 15
Reading test
Question types (continued)
MATCHING HEADINGS
How it works
Matching headings will test your ability
to recognise the main idea or theme
in the paragraphs or sections of a text,
and to distinguish main ideas from
supporting ones.
For this question type, you are required In this question type, you are given the In this question type, you will complete
to match a set of statements or pieces first half of a sentence based on the sentences in a given number of words
of information to a list of options. The reading text and asked to choose the taken from the reading text. You must
options are a group of features from best way to complete it from a list of type your answer in the answer box. The
the text and are identified by letters. possible options. There will be more instructions will make it clear how many
options to choose from than there words/numbers test takers should use
For example, you may be required to are questions. You will then have to in their answers, e.g. ‘NO MORE THAN
match different research findings to a choose the correct option to complete THREE WORDS AND/ OR A NUMBER
list of researchers, or characteristics to the sentence. The questions are in from the passage’, ‘ONE, WORD ONLY’
age groups, events to historical periods, the same order as the information or ‘NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS’.
etc. It is possible that some options will in the passage: that is, the answer to
not be used and that others may be the first question in this group will be If you write more than the number of
used more than once. The instructions found before the answer to the second words asked for, you will lose marks.
will inform you if options may be used question, and so on. Numbers can be written using figures
more than once. or words. Hyphenated words count
as single words. The questions are in
How it works the same order as the information
How it works Matching sentence endings will in the passage: that is, the answer to
Matching features will assess your assess your ability to understand the the first question in this group will be
ability to recognise relationships main ideas within a sentence. found before the answer to the second
and connections between facts in question, and so on.
the text and your ability to recognise
opinions and theories. It may be
used with factual information or How it works
opinion-based discursive texts. You Matching sentence endings assesses
will need to be able to skim and your ability to locate detail/specific
scan the text in order to locate the information.
required information and to read
for detail.
IELTS P R EPA R AT IO N G U I D E 16
Reading test
Question types (continued)
Writing test
Writing test format: IELTS Academic, 60 minutes
There are two parts. Responses to Task 1 Task 2
Task 1 and Task 2 should be written You are presented with a graph, table, You are asked to write an essay in
in a formal style. chart or diagram and are asked to response to a point of view, argument
summarise and report the information or problem. Task 2 contributes twice
in your own words. You may be asked as much as Task 1 to the Writing
to select and compare data, describe score. The issues raised are of general
the stages of a process, describe an interest to, suitable for and easily
object or how something works. understood by test takers entering
undergraduate or postgraduate studies
or seeking.
Tips
01 03 05
In your Writing test there are no right Notice the minimum word limit. If You must write both your answers
or wrong answers or opinions. The you write less than 150 words for in full, not in note form or in bullet
examiners are assessing how well Task 1 and less than 250 for Task points. You must arrange your ideas
you can use your English to report 2, you will lose marks. In computer in paragraphs to show the examiner
information and express ideas. delivered IELTS, the screen shows that you are able to organise your
your word count automatically. main and supporting points.
02
Analyse the questions carefully to 04
make sure your answer addresses all Be careful to use your own words
the points covered by the question. because the examiner will not
include words copied from the
question in the word count.
IELTS P R EPA R AT IO N G U I D E 18
Writing test
IELTS Academic Writing
Writing test
IELTS Academic Writing
Writing test
IELTS Academic Writing
ADVANTAGES VS.
DISADVANTAGES
Writing test
IELTS General Training Writing
WRITE A SHORT LETTER FOR A THE FORMAL LETTER THE INFORMAL LETTER
SPECIFIC PURPOSE
You live in a room in college that you A friend has agreed to look after
Task 1 in the General Training Writing share with another student. However, your house and pet while you are on
section is a letter of correspondence there are many problems with this holiday. Write a letter to your friend. In
where you demonstrate your ability arrangement and you find it very the letter:
to communicate using English letter- difficult to work. Write a letter to the
writing conventions. accommodation officer at the college. • give contact details for when you
In the letter, describe the situation are away,
You will be given a common, everyday explain your problems and why it • give instructions about how to care
situation such as writing to apologise for is difficult to work say what kind of for your pet
missing a friend’s party, or complaining accommodation you would prefer.
• describe other household duties.
to a company about bad service, writing
to give advice to a friend about where to Begin your letter as follows:
go on holiday, or writing to express your Begin your letter as follows:
Dear Sir or Madam,
interest in a new job. Dear...
A key indicator of a formal letter is when
In addition to being given the situation Notice that you have to choose the
you are given the salutation of “Dear Sir
three bullet points will outline exactly salutation, unlike the previous task
or Madam,” which shows that you do
what information you need to include sample. This does not automatically
not know the person you are writing to.
in your letter. You might, for example, mean it is an informal letter. You should
have to describe details, give reasons, look to see who you are writing to and
The following are some suggestions for
express likes and dislikes, or make why. This example is a letter to a friend
how to create and keep a formal tone
suggestions or recommendations. and the situation is a positive one (not
in your letter:
a complaint or a serious apology), so an
You will need to choose and use the informal tone can be used.
Openings and closings:
correct tone in your letter. Tone is the
way you communicate with people that • Begin with: Dear Sir or Madam, or
shows the kind of relationship you have Dear Mr. Smith, or Dear Mrs. Jones
with them. In letters tone is clearly • End with: Yours faithfully or Yours
indicated by a proper salutation and sincerely
closing, and it should also be conveyed
by your choice of words or phrasing as Kind and amount of detail:
well as the kind and amount of details
Get to the point or purpose of your
you include.
letter right away, include the necessary
and relevant information only and
Different relationships require different
make sure you cover the three bullet
levels of respect which is probably true
points in the question accurately (if you
in your language as well. IELTS letters
are asked to explain your problems
are usually either formal, or informal in
(plural), give more than one and stick to
tone. Generally, if the letter is to friends,
the facts).
people you know well, or family, and
the reason for writing is positive, the
tone is informal. Letters to everyone Use polite, formal language and
else and for all complaints or negative DO NOT USE CONTRACTIONS OR
messages should be more formal. SHORT FORMS:
• “I am writing to thank you...”
Here are examples of the two main • “I apologise for missing the birthday
kinds of letters that can appear on the celebration...”
test with advice on how to create tone
• “I would like some more information
for each.
about...”
• “Would it be possible for us to meet...”
IELTS P R EPA R AT IO N G U I D E 22
Writing test
IELTS General Training Writing
WRITING AN ESSAY ANALYSING THE ESSAY TASK High-level essays do not simply list
possible answers; they make a couple
of good points and provide reasoning
Essays in the General Training test are Force yourself to look carefully at the
and examples to support them. Here is
about general interest topics such as prompt by underlining key words. Then
an example of a point being effectively
whether it is better to home-school identify exactly what the questions are
developed.
children, whether the drinking age asking you to do. For example:
should be raised, who is responsible for
the care of the elderly or how families This is a sample body paragraph that
Traditionally, elderly people have
could be brought closer together. might appear in an essay responding to
lived with and been cared for by
the first question.
younger family members. In modern
Given a statement about a topic, you society, more and more elderly
may be asked to agree or disagree or people are living in special homes Modern families today often do not have
you may be required to answer one for the elderly. Why do you think the time or energy to care for the elderly
or two questions about the topic. For families choose to have their elderly at home. In most places today people
example, given the statement that relatives live in special homes away have demanding jobs and can barely
families are not as close as they were from family? What do you think is take care of themselves let alone an
in the past, you might be asked to the best way for modern families to older relative who may be sick or infirm.
respond to the following questions: care for their elderly relatives? In most countries, special residences
Why do you think this is so? What for the ageing are designed to care for
can be done to bring families closer the needs of those who have medical
This essay has two parts:
together again? issues related to getting older and they
provide wholesome activities and social
1. Explain why modern families send
stimulation for the elderly who otherwise
their elderly relatives away to live in
might be sitting alone at home while their
ORGANISATION special homes.
younger relatives are off working. That is
why some families feel their relatives are
2. Say whether you think it is better for
An IELTS essay is usually composed of safer and happier living away in these
elderly parents to be cared for by
4 – 6 paragraphs. care centres.
younger family members at home or
to be sent away or whether you have
The first paragraph introduces the Notice that the paragraph begins
an even better alternative.
subject of your essay and what you with the answer to the question and
plan to say about it. The last paragraph is followed by further explanation, an
If you fail to answer either one of these
summarises your point and restates example and a concluding sentence.
questions, you will lower your score.
your main findings about this topic. You could use a paragraph to answer
each part in the body of your essay.
The body or middle paragraphs should Note that if you had two very good
answer the main questions you have reasons, for example, for why families
identified in the task with a clear send their relatives away, you could
explanation for your response and devote a paragraph to each, which
examples to support your thinking would allow you to provide further
If you have analysed the task before extension and support.
writing, you will know exactly what to
write in these body paragraphs. The
following example will illustrate how.
IELTS P R EPA R AT IO N G U I D E 23
Speaking test
IELTS Speaking test is Part 1: Introduction and Part 2: Individual long turn
face-to-face with a human questions on familiar topics Length: 3-4 minutes
examiner whether you take Length: 4-5 minutes After Part 1, the examiner will give you
a topic and ask you to talk about it for
IELTS at a test centre or The examiner will start by introducing
one to two minutes.
him or herself and asking you to
online. The only difference state your name and show your
with online is the test is identification. Next, you will be asked The topic will be handed to you on a
card and you will also be given a piece
over a video call. general questions about yourself such
of paper and a pencil for making notes.
as where you live or what you are
currently doing (working or studying). On the card, you will see the speaking
There are three parts to complete. prompt and some points you can cover
The remaining questions in this section in your talk relating to this.
are of a personal nature and topics
will be familiar, for example, about the You will have exactly one minute to
music you like, cooking, the weather, or prepare and make notes before you
movies you prefer. Usually, you cover speak.
one or two more topics and you may
get two or three questions about each Here is a sample Part 2 task:
of them. Describe a beautiful place to visit in your
city. You should say:
The examiner will ask the question
and then just listen, although you • where it is
may be prompted to extend your
• how to get there
response with a “why” or “why not” if
your answer is too short. This is not a • what there is to do when you are
conversation though; it happens in a there and
question-answer format. • explain why you recommend this place.
Speaking test
Then, use the three bullet points to
help you organise the middle of your
talk and conclude by explaining why
this is the place you most recommend.
Important
Set up your room and check your
computer the day before your
test so that you are prepared.
This will give you time to fix any
problems before your test.
To find out more about your IELTS Preview your results online Retaking IELTS
scores, visit IELTS band scores.
We know you have a lot riding on your
In the event that you don’t get the
IELTS test, so you can preview your
result you’re hoping for, you can
results online as soon as they become
Your Test Report Form is the take the test again and there are no
available. Your results will be available
official record of your results on restrictions on the number of times
within:
you can sit the test. Before resitting
that test day, so make sure you
IELTS, it can be helpful to take some
keep this document safe. If you • 3-5 days for IELTS on computer
extra steps to make sure you’re ready.
do need a replacement due to • 3-6 days for IELTS online
unforeseen circumstances, • 13 days for IELTS on paper IELTS Progress Check is an official
speak to your test centre.
practice test that gives you an
Your Test Report Form remains the indicative band score and personalised
You can request copies of your official confirmation of your results and feedback on your performance. You
Test Result Form to be sent you’ll need to supply that document to can also look in more detail at the
directly up to five recognising recognising organisations. marking criteria so that you know
organisations per application. what you’re aiming for. Our IELTS
This includes, academic Your scores explained and preparation planner (see page 9)
institutions, government advice to improve your scores provides a range of tips for improving
agencies, professional bodies your skills and boosting your score.
When you log on to see your results,
and employers. It doesn’t you will be able to receive feedback Results validity period
include migration or education on your performance for each of the
agents. Organisations decide how long they
skills. You will also receive advice on will accept your Test Report Form.
how to improve your performance in The IELTS Test Partners recommend
order to reach the next level. This you check with your organisation to
advice should be used for guidance determine its particular validity period
only. for IELTS results.
Grammatical range
Band Fluency and coherence Lexical resource Pronunciation
and accuracy
• speaks fluently with only rare • uses vocabulary with full flexibility • uses a full range of structures • uses a full range of pronunciation
repetition or self-correction; any and precision in all topics naturally and appropriately features with precision and subtlety
hesitation is content-related rather • uses idiomatic language naturally and • produces consistently accurate • sustains flexible use of features
9 than to find words or grammar
• speaks coherently with fully
accurately structures apart from ‘slips’
characteristic of native speaker speech
throughout
• is effortless to understand
appropriate cohesive features
• develops topics fully and appropriately
• speaks fluently with only occasional • uses a wide vocabulary resource • uses a wide range of structures • uses a wide range of pronunciation
repetition or self-correction; readily and flexibly to convey precise flexibly features
hesitation is usually contentrelated meaning • produces a majority of error-free • sustains flexible use of features, with
8 and only rarely to search for language
• develops topics coherently and
• uses less common and idiomatic
vocabulary skilfully, with occasional
sentences with only very occasional
• inappropriacies or basic non-
only occasional lapses
• is easy to understand throughout;
appropriately inaccuracies systematic errors L1 accent has minimal effect on
• uses paraphrase effectively as required intelligibility
• speaks at length without noticeable • uses vocabulary resource flexibly to • uses a range of complex structures • shows all the positive features of
effort or loss of coherence discuss a variety of topics with some flexibility Band 6 and some, but not all, of the
• may demonstrate language-related • uses some less common and • frequently produces error-free positive features of Band 8
• is willing to speak at length, though • has a wide enough vocabulary • uses a mix of simple and complex • uses a range of pronunciation
may lose coherence at times due to to discuss topics at length and structures features with mixed control
occasional repetition, self-correction make meaning clear in spite of • may make frequent mistakes with • shows some effective use of features
or hesitation inappropriacies
6 • uses a range of connectives and • generally paraphrases successfully
complex structures, though these
rarely cause comprehension problems
but this is not sustained
• can generally be understood
discourse markers but not always throughout, though mispronunciation
appropriately of individual words or sounds
reduces clarity at times
• usually maintains flow of speech but • manages to talk about familiar and • produces basic sentence forms with • shows all the positive features of
uses repetition, self-correction and/or unfamiliar topics but uses vocabulary reasonable accuracy Band 4 and some, but not all, of the
slow speech to keep going with limited flexibility • uses a limited range of more positive features of Band 6
• cannot respond without noticeable • is able to talk about familiar topics • produces basic sentence forms and • uses a limited range of pronunciation
pauses and may speak slowly, with but can only convey basic meaning on some correct simple sentences but features
frequent repetition and self-correction unfamiliar topics and makes frequent subordinate structures are rare
4 • links basic sentences but with errors in word choice • errors are frequent and may lead to
• attempts to control features but
lapses are frequent
repetitious use of simple connectives • rarely attempts paraphrase misunderstanding • mispronunciations are frequent and
and some breakdowns in coherence cause some difficulty for the listener
• speaks with long pauses • uses simple vocabulary to convey • attempts basic sentence forms but • shows some of the features of Band 2
• has limited ability to link simple personal information with limited success, or relies on and some, but not all, of the positive
apparently memorised utterances features of Band 4
3 sentences
• gives only simple responses and is
• has insufficient vocabulary for less
familiar topics • makes numerous errors except in
frequently unable to convey basic memorised expressions
message
2
• pauses lengthily before most words • only produces isolated word or • cannot produce basic sentence forms • speech is often unintelligible
• little communication possible memorised utterances
1
• no communication possible
• no rateable language
• All the requirements of the task are fully and • The message can be followed • Full flexibility and precise use • A wide range of structures within
appropriately satisfied. effortlessly. are evident within the scope of the scope of the task is used with
• Cohesion is used in such a the task. full flexibility and control.
way that it very rarely attracts • A wide range of vocabulary is used • Punctuation and grammar are
attention. accurately and appropriately with used appropriately throughout.
9 • Any lapses in coherence or
cohesion are minimal.
very natural and sophisticated
control of lexical features.
• Minor errors are extremely rare
and have minimal impact on
• Paragraphing is skilfully managed. • Minor errors in spelling and word communication.
formation are extremely rare
and have minimal impact on
communication.
• The response covers all the requirements • The message can be followed • A wide resource is fluently and • A wide range of structures within
of the task appropriately, relevantly and with ease. flexibly used to convey precise the scope of the task is flexibly and
sufficiently. • Information and ideas are logically meanings within the scope of accurately used.
• (AC) Key features are skilfully selected, and sequenced, and cohesion is well the task. • The majority of sentences are
clearly presented, highlighted and illustrated. managed. • There is skilful use of uncommon error-free, and punctuation is well
and/or idiomatic items when managed.
8
• (GT) All bullet points are clearly presented, • Occasional lapses in coherence or
and appropriately illustrated or extended. cohesion may occur. appropriate, despite occasional • Occasional, non-systematic
inaccuracies in word choice and errors and inappropriacies occur,
• There may be occasional omissions or lapses • Paragraphing is used sufficiently collocation.
in content. and appropriately. but have minimal impact on
• Occasional errors in spelling and/ communication.
or word formation may occur,
but have minimal impact on
communication.
• The response covers the requirements of • Information and ideas are logically • The resource is sufficient to allow • A variety of complex structures
the task. organised and there is a clear some flexibility and precision. is used with some flexibility and
• The content is relevant and accurate – there progression throughout the • There is some ability to use less accuracy.
may be a few omissions or lapses. The response. A few lapses may occur. common and/or idiomatic items. • Grammar and punctuation are
format is appropriate. • A range of cohesive devices • An awareness of style and generally well controlled, and
• (AC) Key features which are selected are including reference and collocation is evident, though error-free sentences are frequent.
covered and clearly highlighted but could be substitution is used flexibly but inappropriacies occur. • A few errors in grammar may
more fully or more appropriately illustrated with some inaccuracies or some persist, but these do not impede
over/under use. • There are only a few errors in
7 or extended.
• (AC) It presents a clear overview, the data are
spelling and/or word formation,
and they do not detract from
communication.
• The response focuses on the requirements of • Information and ideas are • The resource is generally adequate • A mix of simple and complex
the task and an appropriate format is used. generally arranged coherently and and appropriate for the task. sentence forms is used but
• (AC) Key features which are selected are there is a clear overall progression. • The meaning is generally clear in flexibility is limited.
covered and adequately highlighted. A • Cohesive devices are used to some spite of a rather restricted range • Examples of more complex
relevant overview is attempted. Information good effect but cohesion within or a lack of precision in word structures are not marked by the
is appropriately selected and supported and/or between sentences may choice. same level of accuracy as in simple
using figures/data. be faulty or mechanical due to • If the writer is a risk-taker, there structures.
• (GT) All bullet points are covered and misuse, overuse or omission. will be a wider range of vocabulary • Errors in grammar and
6 adequately highlighted. The purpose
is generally clear. There may be minor
• The use of reference and
substitution may lack flexibility
used but higher degrees of
inaccuracy or inappropriacy.
punctuation occur, but rarely
impede communication.
inconsistencies in tone. or clarity and result in some • There are some errors in spelling
• Some irrelevant, inappropriate or inaccurate repetition or error. and/or word formation, but these
information may occur in areas of detail or do not impede communication.
when illustrating or extending the main points.
• Some details may be missing (or excessive)
and further extension or illustration may be
needed.
IELTS P R EPA R AT IO N G U I D E 31
• The response generally addresses the • Organisation is evident but is • The resource is limited but • The range of structures is limited
requirements of the task. The format may not wholly logical and there may minimally adequate for the task. and rather repetitive.
be inappropriate in places. be a lack of overall progression. • Simple vocabulary may be used • Although complex sentences
• (AC) Key features which are selected are Nevertheless, there is a sense accurately but the range does are attempted, they tend to be
not adequately covered. The recounting of of underlying coherence to the not permit much variation in faulty, and the greatest accuracy
detail is mainly mechanical. There may be response. expression. is achieved on simple sentences.
no data to support the description. • The relationship of ideas can be • There may be frequent • Grammatical errors may be
• (GT) All bullet points are presented but one followed but the sentences are lapses in the appropriacy frequent and cause some
or more may not be adequately covered. not fluently linked to each other. of word choice, and a lack difficulty for the reader.
5
The purpose may be unclear at times. • There may be limited/overuse of flexibility is apparent in • Punctuation may be faulty.
The tone may be variable and sometimes of cohesive devices with some frequent simplifications and/or
inappropriate. inaccuracy. repetitions.
• There may be a tendency to focus on • The writing may be repetitive • Errors in spelling and/or word
details (without referring to the bigger due to inadequate and/or formation may be noticeable
picture). inaccurate use of reference and and may cause some difficulty
• The inclusion of irrelevant, inappropriate substitution. for the reader.
or inaccurate material in key areas
detracts from the task achievement.
• There is limited detail when extending and
illustrating the main points.
• The response is an attempt to address • Information and ideas are • The resource is limited and • A very limited range of
the task. evident but not arranged inadequate for or unrelated to structures is used.
• (AC) Few key features have been selected. coherently, and there is no clear the task. Vocabulary is basic • Subordinate clauses are
progression within the response. and may be used repetitively. rare and simple sentences
• (GT) Not all bullet points are presented.
• Relationships between ideas can • There may be inappropriate predominate.
• (GT) The purpose of the letter is not clearly be unclear and/or inadequately use of lexical chunks (e.g.
4 explained and may be confused. The tone • Some structures are produced
marked. There is some use of memorised phrases, formulaic accurately but grammatical
may be inappropriate. basic cohesive devices, which language and/or language from errors are frequent and may
• The format may be inappropriate. may be inaccurate or repetitive. the input material). impede meaning.
• Key features/bullet points which are • There is inaccurate use or a lack • Inappropriate word choice and/ • Punctuation is often faulty or
presented may be irrelevant, repetitive, of substitution or referencing. or errors in word formation inadequate.
inaccurate or inappropriate. and/or in spelling may impede
meaning.
• The response does not address the • There is no apparent logical • The resource is inadequate • Sentence forms are attempted,
requirements of the task (possibly because organisation. Ideas are (which may be due to the but errors in grammar and
of misunderstanding of the data/diagram/ discernible but difficult to relate response being significantly punctuation predominate
situation). to each other. underlength). (except in memorised phrases
• Key features/bullet points which are • Minimal use of sequencers or • Possible over-dependence on or those taken from the input
material). This prevents most
3 presented may be largely irrelevant.
• Limited information is presented, and this
cohesive devices. Those used do
not necessarily indicate a logical
input material or memorised
language. meaning from coming through.
may be used repetitively. relationship between ideas. • Control of word choice and/ • Length may be insufficient to
• There is difficulty in identifying or spelling is very limited, and provide evidence of control of
referencing. errors predominate. These sentence forms.
errors may severely impede
meaning.
• The content barely relates to the task. • There is little relevant message, • The resource is extremely • There is little or no evidence
or the entire response may be limited with few recognisable of sentence forms (except in
2
off-topic. strings, apart from memorised memorised phrases).
• There is little evidence of control phrases.
of organisational features. • There is no apparent control of
word formation and/or spelling.
• Responses of 20 words or fewer are rated • Responses of 20 words or • Responses of 20 words or • Responses of 20 words or
at Band 1. fewer are rated at Band 1. fewer are rated at Band 1. fewer are rated at Band 1.
0 • Should only be used where a candidate did not attend or attempt the question in any way, used a language other than English throughout, or where there is proof
that a candidate’s answer has been totally memorised.
IELTS P R EPA R AT IO N G U I D E 32
• The prompt is appropriately addressed and • The message can be followed • Full flexibility and precise use are • A wide range of structures is used
explored in depth. effortlessly. widely evident. with full flexibility and control.
• A clear and fully developed position is • Cohesion is used in such a • A wide range of vocabulary is used • Punctuation and grammar are
presented which directly answers the way that it very rarely attracts accurately and appropriately with used appropriately throughout.
9 question/s.
• Ideas are relevant, fully extended and well
attention.
• Any lapses in coherence or
very natural and sophisticated
control of lexical features.
• Minor errors are extremely rare
and have minimal impact on
supported. cohesion are minimal. • Minor errors in spelling and word communication.
• Any lapses in content or support are • Paragraphing is skilfully managed. formation are extremely rare
extremely rare. and have minimal impact on
communication.
• The prompt is appropriately and sufficiently • The message can be followed • A wide resource is fluently and • A wide range of structures is
addressed. with ease. flexibly used to convey precise flexibly and accurately used.
• A clear and well-developed position is • Information and ideas are logically meanings. • The majority of sentences are
presented in response to the question/s. sequenced, and cohesion is well • There is skilful use of uncommon error-free, and punctuation is well
• Ideas are relevant, well extended and managed. and/or idiomatic items when managed.
8 supported.
• There may be occasional omissions or lapses
• Occasional lapses in coherence
and cohesion may occur.
appropriate, despite occasional
inaccuracies in word choice and
• Occasional, non-systematic
errors and inappropriacies occur,
collocation. but have minimal impact on
in content. • Paragraphing is used sufficiently
and appropriately. • Occasional errors in spelling and/ communication.
or word formation may occur,
but have minimal impact on
communication.
• The main parts of the prompt are • Information and ideas are logically • The resource is sufficient to allow • A variety of complex structures
appropriately addressed. organised, and there is a clear some flexibility and precision. is used with some flexibility and
• A clear and developed position is presented. progression throughout the • There is some ability to use less accuracy.
response. (A few lapses may occur, common and/or idiomatic items. • Grammar and punctuation are
• Main ideas are extended and supported but but these are minor.)
there may be a tendency to over-generalise • An awareness of style and generally well controlled, and
or there may be a lack of focus and precision • A range of cohesive devices collocation is evident, though error-free sentences are frequent.
including reference and
7
in supporting ideas/material. inappropriacies occur. • A few errors in grammar may
substitution is used flexibly but persist, but these do not impede
with some inaccuracies or some • There are only a few errors in
spelling and/or word formation communication.
over/under use.
and they do not detract from
• Paragraphing is generally used overall clarity.
effectively to support overall
coherence, and the sequencing
of ideas within a paragraph is
generally logical.
• The main parts of the prompt are addressed • Information and ideas are • The resource is generally adequate • A mix of simple and complex
(though some may be more fully covered generally arranged coherently and and appropriate for the task. sentence forms is used but
than others). An appropriate format is used. there is a clear overall progression. • The meaning is generally clear in flexibility is limited.
• A position is presented that is directly relevant • Cohesive devices are used to some spite of a rather restricted range • Examples of more complex
to the prompt, although the conclusions good effect but cohesion within or a lack of precision in word structures are not marked by the
drawn may be unclear, unjustified or and/or between sentences may choice. same level of accuracy as in simple
repetitive. be faulty or mechanical due to • If the writer is a risk-taker, there structures.
6 • Main ideas are relevant, but some may be
insufficiently developed or may lack clarity,
misuse, overuse or omission.
• The use of reference and
will be a wider range of vocabulary
used but higher degrees of
• Errors in grammar and
punctuation occur, but rarely
while some supporting arguments and substitution may lack flexibility inaccuracy or inappropriacy. impede communication.
evidence may be less relevant or inadequate. or clarity and result in some • There are some errors in spelling
repetition or error. and/or word formation, but these
• Paragraphing may not always be do not impede communication.
logical and/or the central topic
may not always be clear.
IELTS P R EPA R AT IO N G U I D E 33
• The main parts of the prompt are • Organisation is evident but is • The resource is limited but • The range of structures is limited
incompletely addressed. The format may not wholly logical and there may minimally adequate for the task. and rather repetitive.
be inappropriate in places. be a lack of overall progression. • Simple vocabulary may be used • Although complex sentences
• The writer expresses a position, but the Nevertheless, there is a sense accurately but the range does are attempted, they tend to be
development is not always clear. of underlying coherence to the not permit much variation in faulty, and the greatest accuracy
response. expression. is achieved on simple sentences.
• Some main ideas are put forward, but
they are limited and are not sufficiently • The relationship of ideas can be • There may be frequent • Grammatical errors may be
developed and/or there may be irrelevant followed but the sentences are lapses in the appropriacy frequent and cause some
not fluently linked to each other.
5 detail.
• There may be some repetition. • There may be limited/overuse
of word choice and a lack
of flexibility is apparent in
difficulty for the reader.
• Punctuation may be faulty.
of cohesive devices with some frequent simplifications and/or
inaccuracy. repetitions.
• The writing may be repetitive • Errors in spelling and/or word
due to inadequate and/or formation may be noticeable
inaccurate use of reference and and may cause some difficulty
substitution. for the reader.
• Paragraphing may be
inadequate or missing.
• The prompt is tackled in a minimal way, • Information and ideas are • The resource is limited and • A very limited range of
or the answer is tangential, possibly due evident but not arranged inadequate for or unrelated to structures is used.
to some misunderstanding of the prompt. coherently and there is no clear the task. Vocabulary is basic • Subordinate clauses are
The format may be inappropriate. progression within the response. and may be used repetitively. rare and simple sentences
• A position is discernible, but the reader • Relationships between ideas can • There may be inappropriate predominate.
has to read carefully to find it. be unclear and/or inadequately use of lexical chunks (e.g. • Some structures are produced
4 • Main ideas are difficult to identify and marked. There is some use of memorised phrases, formulaic accurately but grammatical
such ideas that are identifiable may lack basic cohesive devices, which language and/or language from errors are frequent and may
relevance, clarity and/or support. may be inaccurate or repetitive. the input material). impede meaning.
• Large parts of the response may be • There is inaccurate use or a lack • Inappropriate word choice and/ • Punctuation is often faulty or
repetitive. of substitution or referencing. or errors in word formation inadequate.
• There may be no paragraphing and/or in spelling may impede
and/or no clear main topic meaning.
within paragraphs.
• No part of the prompt is adequately • There is no apparent logical • The resource is inadequate • Sentence forms are attempted,
addressed, or the prompt has been organisation. Ideas are (which may be due to the but errors in grammar and
misunderstood. discernible but difficult to relate response being significantly punctuation predominate
• No relevant position can be identified, to each other. underlength). Possible over- (except in memorised phrases
and/or there is little direct response to the • There is minimal use of dependence on input material or those taken from the input
question/s. sequencers or cohesive devices. or memorised language. material). This prevents most
3 Those used do not necessarily • Control of word choice and/ meaning from coming through.
• There are few ideas, and these may be
irrelevant or insufficiently developed. indicate a logical relationship or spelling is very limited, and • Length may be insufficient to
between ideas. errors predominate. These provide evidence of control of
• There is difficulty in identifying errors may severely impede sentence forms.
referencing. meaning.
• The content is barely related to the prompt. • There is little relevant message, • The resource is extremely • There is little or no evidence
• No position can be identified. or the entire response may be limited with few recognisable of sentence forms (except in
2
off-topic. strings, apart from memorised memorised phrases).
• There may be glimpses of one or two ideas phrases.
without development. • There is little evidence of control
of organisational features. • There is no apparent control of
word formation and/or spelling.
• Responses of 20 words or fewer are rated • Responses of 20 words or • Responses of 20 words or • Responses of 20 words or
at Band 1. fewer are rated at Band 1. fewer are rated at Band 1. fewer are rated at Band 1.
0 • Should only be used where a candidate did not attend or attempt the question in any way, used a language other than English throughout, or where there is proof
that a candidate’s answer has been totally memorised.
IELTS P R EPA R AT IO N G U I D E 34
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