Chao-4 Phy Edu and Sports For Cwns

Chapter 4
Physical Education & Sports For CWSN
Table of Contents
● Children With Special Needs- Divyang (CWSN)
● Concept of Disability and Disorders
1. Disability
2. Disorder
3. Types of Disability, It's Causes And Nature
4. Disability Etiquettes
● Aim And Objective of Adaptive Physical Education
● Role Of Various Professionals For Children With Special Needs
Concept of Disability and Disorders
Disability
Disability is an impairment that may be cognitive, developmental, intellectual,

mental, physical, sensory or some combination of these.
It is a functional limitation or restriction of an individual’s ability to perform an

activity. It means disability creates obstruction in the normal function or
movement of an individual. It limits and restricts the activity of a person.
Disorder
The disorder is a problem that disrupts normal physical or mental functions. It is a
state of confusion that interrupts normal function. It is an abnormality of physical
and mental states like psychiatric disorders, anxiety disorders, and personality
disorders. The disorder may be resulting from a genetic failure in development or
from external factors such as poison, trauma, or disease.
Types of Disorders
● ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

● SPD ( Sensory Processing Disorder)
● ASD ( Autism Spectrum Disorder)
● ODD ( Oppositional Defiant Disorder)
● OCD ( Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)
ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
It is a brain disorder that is characterized by problems paying attention,

excessive activity, or difficulty controlling behavior. Individuals may have some
problems focusing on activities. They may be hyperactive or may be unable to
control their impulses. It has three types
● Inattention: Children lack concentration in any work, have difficulty

sustaining focus, and are unorganized.
● Hyperactivity: Children are unusually or abnormally active. They have
impulsive actions, a shorter attention span, and are easily distracted.
● Impulsive: Impulsivity is the tendency to act without thinking about the
consequences.
● Physical Factors: when an imbalance exists and messages are not
communicated properly with other parts of the brain, the symptoms may
occur.
● Psychological Factors: Children may develop this if they have bad
relationships with parents or neglectful parents.
● Social Factors: It may happen due to poverty, chaotic environment in the
family, and exposure to violence
Causes
● Genetic factors are one of the main cause

● Children with low birth weight
● When a baby’s brain is damaged before or after birth
● Lack of discipline in the family
● Addiction to a certain diet
● Exposure to toxic substances at an early age.
SPD ( Sensory Processing Disorder )
It is a condition in which the brain has difficulty in receiving and responding to

information that comes in through the senses. It is some sort of neurological jam
that prevents certain parts of the brain from receiving the information required to
interpret sensory information accurately.
Sensory processing disorder may affect our senses such as touch, sight, taste, or
movement. In this disorder, the person may scream when touched, or dive under
the table after hearing the sound. In some cases, they remain unresponsive to
anything around them. Even he may fail to give a response to Extreme heat or
cold for pain.
Causes
● Genetic factors are one of the main causes

● Low birth weight is another cause
● Excessive restrictions in early life
● Have differences in brain structure
ASD ( Autism Spectrum Disorder )
It includes a wide range and levels of disability. Individual ability to function in

society, at school, at work, or in other areas of life gets hurt.
Some people are mildly impaired, while others are severely disabled. Early
treatment and proper care can reduce difficulties while helping them to learn new
skills and make the most of their strength.
People with an ASD often have these characteristics:

Ongoing social problems include difficulty in communicating and interacting with
others and obsessive interests.
Repetitive behavior as well as Limited interest in activities.
Difficulties in language, social skills, and behavior
Causes
● Biological or genetic factors: Something happens during fetal

development. Children may inherit problematic genes from parents.
● Environmental Factors: High levels of pollution and pesticides in food
may also be one of the reasons.
● Brain Development: The connection between the brain cells are not
proper, which may be another cause.
ODD ( Oppositional Defiant Disorder )
It is a condition in which a child displays an ongoing pattern of angry or irritable

mood, and argumentative, hostile behavior directed towards authority.
Individuals behave like rebels, argue with adults, and refuse to obey any rules.
They exhibit angry outbursts and have a hard time controlling their anger or
aggression. They have difficulty making friends and have low esteem. They have
negativity in their behavior.
Causes
● Biological or genetic causes: Children may develop ODD if their parents

have a history of ADHD or ODD.
● Physical Factors: when an imbalance exists and messages are not
communicated properly with other parts of the brain, the symptoms may
occur.
● Psychological Factors: Children may develop this if they have bad
relationships with parents or neglectful parents.
● Social Factors: It may happen due to poverty, chaotic environment in the
family, and exposure to violence
OCD ( Obsessive Compulsive Disorder )
It is a mental disorder where people feel the need to check things repeatedly or
have certain thoughts repeatedly. They have fear of contamination by germs,
getting dirty, making mistakes, being embarrassed, etc. They do some common
activities which include repeated hand washing, repeated counting, checking
things over and over again, repeating certain words, and so on.
Causes
● Serotonin which sends messages in the brain sends improper messages

from one part of the Brain to others, which may cause OCD
child is born normal and after 3 years of birth the deformity starts in child’s
muscles
5. Poliomyelitis: This disability is due to polio virus infection. Polio virus

damages the anterior horn cell of the backbone as a result of which disability
occurs.
6. Leprosy cured person: The sensitivity of the organs affected by Leprosy is

eliminated. Due to lack of sensibility the person works negligently.
7. Undeveloped Organ: In this other organs grow while the growth of leg or
hand stops
feel free to politely ask. Most people will appreciate your genuine interest in
understanding their needs.
8. Respect personal boundaries: Just like with anyone else, respect personal
space and avoid touching or leaning on mobility aids without permission.
9. Be patient and listen: Some individuals with disabilities might communicate

differently or require more time to express themselves. Be patient and give them
the opportunity to fully participate in conversations.
10. Recognize invisible disabilities: Not all disabilities are visible. Keep in mind
that someone may have a disability that is not immediately apparent, so avoid
making assumptions based on appearances alone.
11. Advocate for accessibility: Encourage and support initiatives that promote
accessibility in public spaces, transportation, and workplaces, making it easier for
people with disabilities to participate fully in society.
gives training and coaching to build interest in sports, skill perfection, social
interaction, communication skills, talent, and leadership abilities in intellectually
disabled persons.
Organizations promoting Adaptive Sports
Special Olympic Bharat
It is the organization approved by the National Sports Federation and Special

Olympic International for the development of persons with intellectual disabilities.
It is a movement that uses sports to reform the lives of disabled people. It gives
training and coaching to build interest in sports, skill perfection, social interaction,
communication skills, talent, and leadership abilities in intellectually disabled
persons.
Paralympic
Paralympic Games involve Athletes with a range of disabilities including impaired

muscle power, impaired passive range of movement, limb deficiency, leg length
difference, short stature, hypertonia, vision impairment, and intellectual
impairment.
Deaflympics
The Deaflympics are an international event sanctioned by the IOC at which deaf
athletes compete at an elite sports level. It provides opportunities for deaf
persons to participate in elite sports.
The Deaflympic participants cannot be guided by sounds like the starter’s guns
or referee whistles.
Role Of Various Professionals For Children With Special Needs
and communication of children.

They work closely with parents, teachers, nurses, occupational therapists, and
doctors. Speech and language therapists have an important role in supporting
schools to meet the needs of children.
Role of Special Educator:
A special educator develops appropriate activities, curriculam and the methods of

their implementation for the children with special needs so that the children
maybe able to participate easily

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Chapter 4

Physical Education & Sports For CWSN

Concept of Disability and Disorders

Disability is an impairment that may be cognitive, developmental, intellectual,

It is a functional limitation or restriction of an individual’s ability to perform an

● ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

It is a brain disorder that is characterized by problems paying attention,

● Inattention: Children lack concentration in any work, have difficulty

● Genetic factors are one of the main cause

SPD ( Sensory Processing Disorder )

It is a condition in which the brain has difficulty in receiving and responding to

● Genetic factors are one of the main causes

ASD ( Autism Spectrum Disorder )

It includes a wide range and levels of disability. Individual ability to function in

People with an ASD often have these characteristics:

Repetitive behavior as well as Limited interest in activities.

Difficulties in language, social skills, and behavior

● Biological or genetic factors: Something happens during fetal

ODD ( Oppositional Defiant Disorder )

It is a condition in which a child displays an ongoing pattern of angry or irritable

● Biological or genetic causes: Children may develop ODD if their parents

OCD ( Obsessive Compulsive Disorder )

● Serotonin which sends messages in the brain sends improper messages

5. Poliomyelitis: This disability is due to polio virus infection. Polio virus

6. Leprosy cured person: The sensitivity of the organs affected by Leprosy is

9. Be patient and listen: Some individuals with disabilities might communicate

Organizations promoting Adaptive Sports

Special Olympic Bharat

It is the organization approved by the National Sports Federation and Special

Paralympic Games involve Athletes with a range of disabilities including impaired

Role Of Various Professionals For Children With Special Needs

and communication of children.

Role of Special Educator:

A special educator develops appropriate activities, curriculam and the methods of

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