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    Module II Notes - 1

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    ashokadarsh.97
    To read files in R, packages need to be installed and loaded. The readxl package contains the read_excel() function to read Excel files. Other functions like read.csv() and read.delim() can read CSV and text files. Files can be read from a local directory by specifying the file path or from online by providing a URL. The data read can be manipulated and written out to new files using write.csv() or write.table().

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    Module II Notes - 1

    Uploaded by

    ashokadarsh.97
    5 views6 pages
    To read files in R, packages need to be installed and loaded. The readxl package contains the read_excel() function to read Excel files. Other functions like read.csv() and read.delim() can read CSV and text files. Files can be read from a local directory by specifying the file path or from online by providing a URL. The data read can be manipulated and written out to new files using write.csv() or write.table().

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    Module II Notes -1

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    To read files in R, packages need to be installed and loaded. The readxl package contains the read_excel() function to read Excel files. Other functions like read.csv() and read.delim() can read CSV and text files. Files can be read from a local directory by specifying the file path or from online by providing a URL. The data read can be manipulated and written out to new files using write.csv() or write.table().

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views6 pages

    Module II Notes - 1

    Uploaded by

    ashokadarsh.97
    To read files in R, packages need to be installed and loaded. The readxl package contains the read_excel() function to read Excel files. Other functions like read.csv() and read.delim() can read CSV and text files. Files can be read from a local directory by specifying the file path or from online by providing a URL. The data read can be manipulated and written out to new files using write.csv() or write.table().

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    READING AN EXCEL FILE

    To read an excel file read_excel() function is used. This function is present in the package named
    “readxl”. Hence before using this function the package "readxl" has to be installed.

    A package is a collection of functions, data, and other code that are highly organized in a
    reusable manner. R packages are an essential part of the R ecosystem and contribute
    greatly to the flexibility and power of the language.

    The base packages which are come with the default installation of R. But some other packages
    which is not comes under the base packages can be installed using the install.packages() function
    in R.

    To install the same the following syntax (Syntax in R refers to the set of rules and conventions
    that must be followed when writing R code.) can be used.
    install.packages("package_name")
    Replace "package_name" with the name of the package you want to install.

    Eg. install.packages("readxl")
    install.packages("ggplot2")

    Once installed, a package, it can be loaded into an R session using the library() function,
    which makes all the functions and data in the package available to the user. The library() function
    is used to load packages into the current R session. The syntax for the library() function is as
    follows:

    library(package name)
    Replace "package_name" with the name of the package

    Eg. library(readxl)

    Before reading a file it is necessary to set the working directly properly, for the same two common
    functions getwd() and setwd () are used.

    getwd() : the getwd() function is used to get the current working directory :
    setwd () : the setwd() function is to set the working directory to a specific directory
    eg. setwd("C:\\Users\\vimalkumar\\Desktop")
    setwd("C:\\Users\\KSBB\\Desktop")
    or setwd("C:/Users/KSBB/Desktop ")

    setwd("C:/Users/vimalkumar/Desktop")

    to read an excel file read_excel() function is used

    Eg.
    aa <- read_excel("rabbit.xlsx")

    bb <- read_excel("index.xlsx")

    ac <- read_excel("name.xlsx")

    To select particular sheet we have to specify the sheet number

    data <-read_excel("program.xlsx", sheet=2)

    to select a particular field “$” is used

    abc <- ac$'Field 1’

    mean (data$'Field 1')

    to delete a particular field the following method can be adopted

    eg. xy<- read_excel("rabbit.xlsx")

    View(xy)

    xy$Dose <- NULL

    View(xy)

    xy$Treatment <- NULL

    View(xy)
    To select specific number of rows and column tablename[row, column] is used

    abc <- ac[, 2:3]


    print(abc)

    ab1 <- ac[5, 2:3]


    print(ab1)

    ab2 <- ac[2:5, 2:3]


    print(ab2)

    to read an excel file from its location read_excel(path) is used

    Syntax : read_excel (path\\name of the file.file-extension)

    eg. dd <- read_excel("C:\\Users\\vimalkumar\\Desktop\\ rawdata\\plantdata.xlsx")

    to read a csv file , function read.csv("filename.csv") is used

    eg. prg <- read.csv("program.csv") is used

    co2 <- read.csv("CO2uptake.csv")


    print(co2)

    to read a text file function read.delim(file, header=TRUE, sep="\t") is used

     file – A file location.


     header – Whether the first line describes the column names.
     sep – The table delimiter, often times a tab (\t) or comma.

    Eg.

    DNA <- read.delim("dna.txt", header = FALSE,sep = ",")


    read.table() function also allows to read data from a text file or a table.

    data <- read.table(file = "my_file.txt", header = TRUE)

    data1 <- read.table(file = "dna.txt", header = TRUE,sep = ",")

    Reading .bed files

    https://genome.ucsc.edu/ENCODE/

    from where you can download “.bed” files


    to read a .bed file the same function of read.delim() is used
    life1 <-read.delim("C:\\Users\\vimalkumar\\Downloads\\wgEncodeRegDnaseClustered.bed",
    header=TRUE, sep="\t")

    we can also import data from websites… try with the following site for reading a text file
    form awebsite

    pbc <- read.csv ('http://courses.washington.edu/b517/Datasets/PBCshort.csv')

    print (pbc)

    estrol <- read.delim ('http://courses.washington.edu/b517/Datasets/estradiol.txt')

    estrol

    ***************************************************

    WRITE DATA INTO A CSV FILE


    To write a data into a csv file, syntax : write.csv(data source,"name.csv")

    Eg.

    data1 <- read.csv("who.csv")


    print(data1)

    data2 <- data1[1:10, 1:5]


    print(data2)

    write.csv(data2,"output.csv")

    write.csv(data2,"output1.csv",row.names = FALSE)

    C()
    The c function in R programming stands for 'combine.' It combines multiple values into a vector
    or list.
    c(value1, value2,value3,…)

    height <- c(21,25,26,30)


    print(height)
    weight <- c(45,50,65,59)
    print(weight)
    combine <- c(height, weight)
    print(combine)

    d <- data.frame(height, weight)


    list(d)
    ht <- c(25,50,55,70,80)
    letr <- c('A', 'C', 'L', 'M', 'O')
    ag <- c(10,8,9,11,9.5)
    ggg <- data.frame(ht, letr,ag)
    list(ggg)
    write.csv(ggg,"output3.csv",row.names = FALSE)

    write.table(ggg, file="vkk.text")
    write.table(ggg, file="vkk.text",row.names = FALSE)

    to select a csv file directly :

    eg. ab <- read.csv(file.choose())

    to select a text file directly


    eg. lif <- read.delim(file.choose())

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