3.1 Linear Motion

2020
LINEAR MOTION
TEACHERS OF PHYSICS
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8/19/2020
1. Distinguish between distance and displacement. (1 mk)
Distance the actual length covered by a moving body while displacement is the
distance covered in specified direction.
2. Differentiate speed from velocity. (1 mk)
Speed is the distance covered per unit time while velocity is change of
displacement per unit time.
3. Distinguish between the terms ‘uniform velocity’ and ‘uniform acceleration.’
Uniform velocity is the constant movement of an object with the same speed
while uniform acceleration is the motion of an object where the velocity of
an object changes by an equal amount every equal period of time.
4. A body accelerates uniformly from initial velocity, U to the final velocity V, in
time t, the distance traveled during this time interval is S. If the
acceleration is shown by the letter a, show that;
i) V= U + at
Acceleration a is rate of change of velocity
a=
V = U + at
ii) S= Ut + ½ at2
Distance is average velocity * time
S = (v + u)t;
2
Substitution for V with u + at;
S = ut + ½ at2
(iii) V2 =U2 + 2aS

Taking average displacement s= t …..(i)
From v=u+at ……..(ii)
Replacing equation (ii) in eqn (i)
Using t = ;
S=
S=
V2 = u2 ÷ 2 as
5. A body initially moving at 72km/h accelerates uniformly to a velocity of
180km/h in 3seconds. Calculate its acceleration. (3mk)
U=72km/h-change in m/s
72
=20m/s
V=180km/h
180
=50m/s
a=
a=
a=10m/s2
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6. A bus accelerates from 36km/h to 72km/h in 15s. Determine the distance
covered. (3mk)
36
=10m/s
V=72km/h
72
=20m/s
s= t
s= 15
s=225m
7. A particle starts from rest and accelerates uniformly in a straight line. After
3 seconds it is 9m from the starting point. Determine the acceleration of
the particle. 3mk
S = ut + ½ at2
9=0+½ a(3)2
9=4.5a
a=2m/s2
8. A boulder is sliding down a slope, with a uniform acceleration of 3 ms-2;
calculate its velocity after it has slid 10m down the slope.
S = ut + ½ at2
10=0+½ (3)t2
10=1.5t2
t2=6.667
t=2.58s
V=u+at
V=0+3
V=7.75m/s
9. A body initially moving at 50m/s decelerates uniformly at 2m/s2 until it
comes to rest. What distance does it cover during this time. 3mk
V2=u2-2as
02=502-2 s
2500=4s
S=625m
10. A car is brought to rest from a speed of 30m/sin 2s.If the driver’s reaction
time is 0.3s, determine the shortest stopping distance. (3mk)
Reaction time=0.3s
Distance travelled during the period=30
=9m
a=
a= =-15m/s2
v=0,u=30
v2=u2+2as
02=302-2
0=900-30s
30s=900
S=30m
Total distance =30+9=39m.

11. A car can be brought to rest from a speed of 200m/s in a time of 2s.
i) Calculate the average deceleration
a=
a=
=-100m/s2
ii) If the driver reaction time is 0.2s, Determine the shortest stopping
distance.
Reaction time=2s
Distance travelled during this time=200
=400m
Total distance travelled
V2=u2+2as
02=2002-2
40000=200s
S=200m
Total distance=200+400=600m
12. A body is moving with uniform acceleration. Its velocity after 5 seconds is
26m/s and after 9 seconds it is 42m/s. calculate
a) The acceleration of the body (2mks)
a=
a=
=4m/s2
b) Its initial velocity (2mks)
a=
4m/s2 =
20=26-u
U=6m/s
c) The average velocity between the fifth and ninth second and hence the
displacement covered during this period (3mk)
average velocity
=
=
=34m/s
Displacement = average velocity
=34
=136m
d) Its displacement in 10 seconds (3mk)
s== average velocity
=34
=340m

13. A body of a mass 10kg moves from rest at point P to a point T along
frictionless path P Q R S T.
Height P
(m) 30
T U
25
R
20
Q
15
10
0
S
Calculate the maximum velocity it attained.

P.E=mgh
=10
=3000J
P.E=K.E
3000= mv2
3000= v2
3000=5v2
V2=600
V=24.49m/
TICKER-TIMER
1. The figure below shows a section of a tape (drawn to scale) after
passing through a ticker time of frequency 50Hz. The tape is attached
to a trolley moving in the direction shown.
Q X Y
P
Direction of motion
Determine the velocity between

(i) P and Q (4mk)
measure distance PQ = 3cm and XY = 0.5cm using a ruler
f = 50 HZ
T= =0.02sec
Velocity between P and Q =
= 150 cm/s
(ii) X and Y (2mk)

Velocity between X and Y =
= 25 cm/s
(iii) Determine the acceleration of the trolley (3mk)

Time interval t, between P and Y is 0.02 × 6 = 0.12 sec
a= =
a= -1041.67 cm/s2
2. The dots below were made by a ten tick- timer of 100Hz. Determine the
acceleration of the body
25cm 45cm
f = 100 HZ
T= = 0.01 sec
u= = 2500 cm/s
v= = 4500 cm/s
a= = = 22222.22cm/s2
3. The tape below was obtained from an experiment using a ticker timerof
frequency 50Hz. Calculate the acceleration of the body
50cm 20cm
f = 50 HZ
T= = 0.02 sec
u= = 2500 cm/s
v= = 1000 cm/s
t = 0.02 × 5 = 0.1 sec

a= = = -15000cm/s2
4. Figure below shows a piece of tape pulled through a ticker–timer of

frequency 100Hz by a trolley. Determine the deceleration of the trolley.
15cm 3 cm
f = 100 HZ
T= = 0.01 sec
u= = 1500 cm/s
v= = 300 cm/s
t = 0.01 × 6 = 0.06 sec
a= = = -20000cm/s2
deceleration of the trolley = 20000cm/s2

5. The figure below shows a section of a tape from a ten-tick timerof
frequency 50Hz. Determine the acceleration of the trolley pulling the tape.
6cm 42cm
f = 50 HZ
T= = 0.02 sec
u= = 300 cm/s
v= = 2100 cm/s
t = 0.02 × 7 = 0.14 sec
a= = = 12857.14cm/s2
6. Figure below shows a tape made from a ten-tick timerrunning at 50Hz.
Find the acceleration of the body

12cm 48cm
f = 50 HZ
T= = 0.02 sec
u= = 600 cm/s
v= = 2400 cm/s
a= = = 18000cm/s2
7. The dots below were made by a ten-tick timerof 100Hz. Determine the
acceleration of the body
10cm 60cm
f = 100 HZ
T= = 0.01 sec
u= = 1000 cm/s
v= = 6000 cm/s
a= = = 55555.56cm/s2
8. The tape below was obtained from an experiment using a ten-tick timerof
frequency 50Hz. Calculate the acceleration of the body
70cm 10cm
f = 50 HZ
T= = 0.02 sec
u= = 3500 cm/s
v= = 500 cm/s

a= = = - 30000cm/s2
9. Figure below shows a piece of tape pulled through a ten-tick timerof

frequency 100Hz by a trolley. Determine the deceleration of the trolley.
40cm 5cm
f = 100 HZ
T= = 0.01 sec
u= = 4000 cm/s
v= = 500 cm/s
a= = = - 43750cm/s2
deceleration of the trolley = 43750 cm/s2
10. The figure below shows the motion of a ticker tape through a ten-tick
timerwhose frequency is 100Hz
A 12cm B P 32cm Q
Determine
i) Velocity at AB and PQ.
f = 100 HZ
T= = 0.01 sec
Velocity between AB, u = = 600 cm/s
Velocity between PQ, v = = 1600 cm/s

ii) Constant acceleration of the tape.
a= = = 12500cm/s2
11. Figure below shows a tape made from a ticker tape timer running at
50Hz.
A B C D E
5cm 15cm
Find,
i) The time taken for one tick interval (1mk)
f = 50 HZ
T= = 0.02 sec
Time interval for one tick is 0.02 seconds
ii) Velocities between points AB and DE (3mk)

velocity between points AB, u = = 250 cm/s
velocity between points DE, v = = 750 cm/s
iii) Acceleration of the body over interval AE (2mk)

a= =
= 6250cm/s2
12. The section of the tape shown below was produced when a tape running
down an incline plane was attached to a ticker-tape timer of frequency
50Hz.
4cm 28cm
Direction of motion
i) Indicate the direction in which the trolley was moving. (1mk)

ii) What type of current was used to operate the ticker timer? (1mk)
Alternating current (a.c)
iii) Determine the initial velocity of the trolley. (2mk)

f = 50 HZ
T= = 0.02 sec
Initial velocity, u = = 200 cm/s
iv) Determine the final velocity of the trolley. (2mk)

Final velocity, v = = 1400 cm/s
v) Find the acceleration of the trolley in SI units. (3mk)

a= =
= 8571.43cm/s2
13. The Figurebelow shows the pattern formed on a tape in an experiment to
determine the acceleration of a trolley. The figure is drawn to scale. The
frequency of the ticker tape timer used was 50Hz.
10cm 40cm
Calculate
(i) The initial velocity of the trolley. (2mks)
f = 50 HZ
T= = 0.02 sec
u= = 500 cm/s
(ii) The final velocity of the trolley (2mks)

v=
= 2000 cm/s
(iii) The acceleration of the trolley. (2mks)

a= =
= 15000cm/s2

14. The figure below shows a section of a tape from a ticker- timer whose
frequency is 50Hz.
10cm 30cm
W X Y Z
Calculate
(i) The average velocity of the trolley between points
WX (2 mk)
f = 50 HZ
T= = 0.02 sec
u= = 100 cm/s
YZ (2 mk)
v= = 300 cm/s
(ii) The acceleration of the trolley. (3 mk)

a= = = 666.67cm/s2
15. A tape attached to a moving trolley is run through a ticker timer. Figure
below shows a section of the tape after running.
A 1.5cm B C 3.2cm D
If the frequency of the timer is 100Hz determine the;

(i) Average velocity at intervals AB and CD (4mks)
f = 100 HZ
T= = 0.01 sec
Average velocity at interval AB, u = = 30 cm/s
Average velocity at interval CD, v = = 64 cm/s
(ii) Average acceleration of the trolley (4mks)

a=
Time interval from point A to point D = 0.01 × 20 = 0.2 seconds

=
= 170cm/s2
VERTICAL PROJECTION
1. In the study of free fall, it is assumed that the force F acting on a given
body of mass, m, is gravitational, given by F = mg. State two other forces
that act on the same body (2mk)
Weight and drag(air resistance)
2. A stone is released from a height h, if the acceleration due to gravity is g,

show that the velocity is V=√ just before hitting the ground(2mks)
2 2
V =u +2as where s=h,u=0
V2=0+2gh
V=
3. A body of mass 20kg is raised to a height of 3.0m. Determine the velocity
of the body when just about to hit the ground when released from this
height. (g=10ms-2) (3mks)
E=mgh
20 10 3=600J
E= mv2
600= 20 v2
V2=60
V=7.75m/s
4. An object is projected vertically upwards at a speed of 15m/s. How long will
Sit take to return to the same level of projection?
V=u-gt
0=15-10t
T=1.5s
Total time=2 =3s
5. A stone was thrown vertically upwards with a velocity of 20m/s.
(i) State the acceleration of the stone at its maximum point (1mk)
It’s accelaration is directed downwards
(ii) Calculate the time taken for the stone to fall back to the throwers hands
(2mk
V=u-gt
0=20-10t
T=2s
Total time=2 =4s
6. An object is projected vertically upwards with a velocity of 200m/s.
Calculate:
(i) Its velocity after 5 seconds (2mks)
V=u-gt
=200-10(5)
=150m/s

(ii) The distance covered in the first 8 seconds (2mks)
S=ut- gt2
=200(8)- 1
=1600-320
=1280m
(iii)The maximum height reached (2mks)
2 2
V =u -2gs
0=2002-2(10)s
20s=4000
S=2000m
7. A ball is thrown vertically upwards and returns to its starting point after 6
seconds. Calculate the maximum height reached g=10m/s2 (3mk)
2
S=ut- gt
0=u(6)- 1
6u=180
U=30m/s
V2=u2-2gs
0=302-2(10)s
20s=900
S=45m
8. An object dropped from a height h, attains a velocity of 12ms-1 just before
hitting the ground. Calculate the value of h. (2mks)
2 2
V =u +2gs
122=02+2(10)h
20h=144
h=7.2m
9. A small iron ball is dropped from the top of a vertical cliff and takes 2.5
seconds to reach the sandy beach. Find the velocity with which it strikes
the sand. (3mks)
V=u+at
V=0+10(2.5)
V=25m/s
10. A body dropped from rest falls half its total distance in the last second
before it strikes the ground. From what height was it released (3mks)
V2=u2+2g( ) ,u=0
V2=gH
S=v2+ 2
=(gH) + ,t=1s
2=gH
2
-2gH+g2=4Gh but g=10m/s2
H2+g2=6gh
H2+100=60H
H2-60H+100=0

H2-60H+(-30)2=-100+(-30)2
√ =
H=58.28M
11. An astronaut is on the moon. He drops a hammer from a height of 5m and it
takes 3s to hit the lunar landscape. What is the acceleration due to gravity
of the moon?
S=ut+ at2
5=0(3)+
5=4.5a
A=1.11m/s2
12. A gun is fired vertically upwards from the top of an open truck moving
horizontally at a uniform velocity of 50ms-1. The bullet attains a maximum
height of 45m. Calculate the distance covered by the truck just before the
bullet reaches the level from which it was fired. (4mks)
2
S=ut+ at
45=0(t)+ t2
45=5t2
t2=9,t=3
total time ,t=3
distance covered by truck=v
=50
13. A girl dropped a stone from the top of a tower 45m tall and a boy projected
another stone vertically upwards at 25m/s at the same time. Determine
the time taken for the two stones to meet. (3mk)
2
h=ut-
h=25t- t2
h=25t-5t2 …………(i)
For free fall u=0m/s
45-h=ut+ gt2
45-h=0+ t2
45-h=5t2 ……..(ii)
Substitute eqn (i) in (ii)
45-(25t-5t2)= 5t2
45-25t+5t2= 5t2
45=25t
t=1.8s
14. A stone is allowed to fall freely from the top of a tower 60m high. At
exactly the same moment a second stone is thrown vertically upwards with
a velocity of 20ms-1 from the ground. Find:
(i) The time taken for the two stones pass each other. (3mks)

2
h=ut-
h=20t- t2
h=20t-5t2 …………(i)
For free fall u=0m/s
60-h=ut+ gt2
60-h=0+ t2
60-h=5t2 ……..(ii)
Substitute eqn (i) in (ii)
60-(20t-5t2)= 5t2
60-20t+5t2= 5t2
60=20t
t=3s
(ii) The height at which the two stones will pass each other. (2mks)
2
h=20t-5t
h=20(3)-5(3)2
h=60-45
h=15m
15. A helicopter, which was ascending vertically at a steady velocity of 20m/s,
released a parcel that took 20 second to reach the ground.
(i) State the direction in which the parcel moved immediately it was released.
Upwards
(ii) Calculate the time taken by the parcel to reach the ground from the
maximum height
Time taken to reach maximum height,t=
=2s
=18s
(iii) Calculate the velocity of the parcel when it strikes the ground.
V=u+gt,u=0m/s
V=gt
=10
=180m/s
(iv) Calculate the maximum height above the ground the parcel reached.
Hmax=
=
=1620m
(v) What was the height of the helicopter at the instant the parcel was
dropped.
2
S=ut+
2
S=(0 2)+
=20m

HORIZONTAL PROJECTION
1. A bullet is fired horizontally at a target, neglecting air resistance, give a
reason why the horizontal acceleration of the bullet is zero.
The body maintains its initial horizontal velocity throughout the motion.
2. A bullet is fired horizontally at a target, neglecting air resistance; give a
reason why the horizontal acceleration of the bullet is zero. 1mk
The body maintains its initial horizontal velocity throughout the motion.
3. A bullet is fired horizontally from a flat form 15m high. If initial speed is
300ms-1, determine maximum horizontal distance covered.(g =10ms-2)
H= gt2
15=
t2
15=5t2
t= 3
=1.732 second
R=ut
=300 1.732
=519.6m
4. A bomber flying horizontally at 100m/s releases a bomb from the height of
200m. Calculate the time taken for the bomb to hit the ground.
H= gt2
200= t2
200=5t2
t2=40
t= 40
t=6.325 seconds
5. A stone is thrown horizontally from a building that is 180m high above a

horizontal ground. The stone hits the ground at a point, which is 72m from
the foot of the building. Calculate the initial velocity of the stone.
H= gt2
180=
t2
180=5t2
t= 36
=6.0 second
R=ut
72=u 6
u=12m/s
6. A bomber flying horizontally at 100m/s releases a bomb from a height of
300m. Calculate:
(a) Time taken for the bomb to hit the ground.
H= gt2
300= t2
300=5t2
t2=60
t= 60

t=7.746 seconds
(b) The horizontal distance traveled when hitting the ground.
R=ut
=100
=774.6m
(c) The magnitude and direction of the velocity when hitting the ground?
V2=2gh
V2=2
V=
=77.46
7. A ball-bearing X is dropped vertically downwards, from the edge of a table
and it takes 0.5s to hit the floor below. Another bearing Y leaves the edge
of the table horizontally with a velocity of 5m/s.find:
a) The time taken for bearing Y to reach the floor.
t=0.5 seconds-time for horizontal is the same for vertical at any given
time.
b) The horizontal distance traveled by Y before hitting the floor.
R=ut
=5
=2.5m
c) The height of the table-top above the floor level.
H= gt2
H= 0.52
=1.25m
8. An airplane is flying horizontally over a camp at 250m/s and drops a pack.
How far from the camp will the pack land if the plane was flying 300m
above the ground?
H= gt2
300= t2
300=5t2
t2=60
t= 60
t=7.746 seconds
R=ut
=250
=1936.5
9. An object is projected horizontally at a velocity of 40m/s from a cliff 20m
high. Calculate:
a) The time taken to hit the ground
H= gt2
20= t2
20=5t2
t2=4
t= 4
t=2s
b) The distance from the foot of the cliff when the object hits the ground.
R=ut

=40
=80m
10. A bullet is fired horizontally at a velocity of 400m/s from a cliff which is 50m
tall as shown below.
Bullet
50m
Cliff
(i) On the diagram draw the trajectory of the bullet until it comes to rest. (1mk)
(ii) Find the time taken for the bullet to hit the ground. (2mk)
2
H= gt
50= t2
50=5t2
t2=10
t= 10
t=3.162 seconds
(iii) Find the range. (2mk)

R=ut
=400
=1264.6m
11. A ball is thrown horizontally from the top of a vertical tower and strikes the
ground at a point 50m from the bottom of the tower. Given that the height
of the tower is 45m, determine the;-
i) Time taken by the ball to hit the ground
H= gt2
45= t2
45=5t2
t2=9
t= 9
t=3.0seconds
ii) Initial horizontal velocity of the ball.

R=ut
50=u
=16.67
iii) Vertical velocity of the ball, just before striking the ground. (Take
acceleration due togravity g =10ms-2)
V=u+at
=0+10

=30m/s
12. A ball is thrown horizontally at V=8m/s from a tower. It reaches the ground
after 4s. Find:
(i) The horizontal distance d it travels before hitting the ground.(1mk)
R=ut
=8
=32m
(ii) The height of the tower (2mks)
2
H= gt
H= 42
=80m
(iii) The velocity on impact with the ground. (2mks)
V=u+at
V=0+10
=40m/s
13. A missile is fired horizontally from the top of a cliff 320m high to a target
56m away. If the missile hits the target, determine the horizontal velocity of
the missile. (3mks)
2
H= gt
320= t2
320=5t2
t2= 64
t=
R=ut
56=u , u=7m/s
14. A bullet is fired horizontally from a platform 45m high. If the initial speed is
300ms-1, determine the maximum horizontal distance covered by the
bullet. (3mks
2
H= gt
45= t2
45=5t2
t2=9
t=
=3s
R=ut
=300
=900m
15. A ball rolls off a platform of height 1.8m at a horizontal speed of 15ms-1.
(i) How far off the edge of the platform does it land. (4mk)
2
H= gt
1.8= t2
1.8=5t2
t2=0.36
t=
t=0.6s
R=ut

=15
=9.0m
(ii) The horizontal component of the velocity as it reaches the floor

15m/s since it maintains the same velocity.
(iii) The vertical component of the velocity as it reaches the floor.
V=u+at
=0+10
=6m/s
16. A mass is projected horizontally from height of 5m above the ground with a
velocity of 30m/s. Calculate:
a) The time taken to reach the ground
H= gt2
5= t2
5=5t2
t2=1
t=
t=1.0s
b) The horizontal distance traveled before hitting the ground
R=ut
=30
=30m
c) The vertical velocity with which the mass hits the ground
V=u+at
=0+10
=10m/s
17. A mass is projected horizontally from a height of 80m above the ground
with a horizontal velocity of 30m/s. Calculate:
(i) The time taken to reach the ground (2mk)
2
H= gt
80= t2
80=5t2
t2=16
t=
t=4s
(ii) The horizontal distance traveled before hitting the ground(2mk

R=ut
=30
=120m

18. A ball of mass 50kg is thrown horizontally from the top of a cliff 20m high
with a horizontal velocity of 20m/s. On reaching the ground it completely
covered piston X of a hydraulic lift such that no water splashed out. The
other piston Y has a weight of 25000N. Assuming the tap was opened when
the ball struck the surface of water.
Ball
25000N
20m
Fig 8
X Y
A =50cm2 Tap
A =2500cm2
Water
Determine
(i) The time taken by the ball to strike the surface of water at piston (3mk)
H= gt2
20= t2
20=5t2
t2=4
t=
t=2.0s
(ii) The distance from the foot of the cliff to where the ball strikes the
surface of water (2mks
R=ut
=20
=40m
(iii) The vertical velocity with which it struck the surface of water at piston X
(2mks)
V=u+at
=0+10
=20m/s
(iv) The force with which the ball struck the surface of water (2mks)
=
F1=
=500N
(v) The distance moved by the 25000N load piston Y if the level of water
in piston X and piston Y was initially the same. (2mks)
P=h g
=h 1000

100000=1000h
=10m
19. A large tank contains water to a depth of 2m. Water emerges from a small
hole on the side of the tank 50cm above the bottom of the tank as shown
below.
2m
50cm
1m
x
Calculate
(i) The speed at which water emerges from the hole. (2mks)
V=
=
=5.477m/s
(ii) The time taken for water to reach the ground. (2mks)
H= gt2
1.5= t2
1.5=5t2
t2=0.3
t=
t=0.5477s
(iii) The value of x. (2mks)

R=ut
=5.477
=2.9997m
3.0m

MOTION GRAPHS
1. Describe the motion represented by the following graphs. (2mk)
ii
Displacement
(m)
Time (s)
(i).stationary body
(ii).A body moving with variable velocity.
2. The figure below shows the displacement time graph of the motion of a
particle
Displacement (m) C
A B
Time (s) D
State the nature of the motion of the particle between

(i) A and B
Particle is at stationary.
(ii)B and C (1mk)
A particle moving with variable velocity.
(iii) C and D (2mk)
A particle moving with velocity decreasing uniformly with
time.
3. The figure below shows the displacement time graph of the motion of a
particle
Velocity (m/s) Y
W X
Time (s) Z

State the nature of the motion of the particle between
i) W and X (1mk)
A body moving with uniform velocity
ii) X and Y (1mk)
A body moving with its velocity changing uniformly
iii) Y and Z (1mk)
A body moving with decreasing acceleration.
4. The graph shows the velocity time graph of the motion of a body.
Velocity (m/s) W
U V
Time (s) X
State the nature of motion of the body represented by graph between.

(i) U and V. (1mk)
A body moving with uniform velocity
(ii) V and W (1mk)
A body moving with its velocity changing uniformly
(iii) W and X (1mk)
A body moving with a decreasing acceleration
5. The figure below shows a section of a curved surface ABCD. Point A is higher
than point B while BCD is horizontal. Part ABC is smooth while CD is rough.
A mass m is released from rest at A and moves towards D.
m
A
B C D
State the changes in the velocity of m between:

a) B and C (1mk)
Mass m moves with uniform velocity
b) C and D (1mk)
the particle decelerates due to friction

6. Figure is a velocity-time graph for the motion of a particle under gravity.
Describe the motion.
20
Velocity
0
(m/s)
2 4 Time (s)
-20
The ball decelerates uniformly to zero,then accelerates uniformly in opposite
direction.
7. The diagram below shows part of the motion of a tennis ball, which is
projected vertically upwards from the ground and allowed to bounce on the
ground.
20
A
Velocity (m/s)
19.8
E
B D
2 4 Time (s)
(i) Describe the motion of the ball relating it to different positions of the ball
along the following AB, BC, CDE.
AB-ball rising to maximum height
BC-ball falling to ground
CDE-Ball rebouncing or changing velocity from the positive to negative.
(ii) From the graph, calculate the acceleration due to gravity.
Acceleration=gradient=
=9.9m/s2
(iii) How high does the ball rise initially?
Displacement=area=
(iv) Explain why E is not at the same level as A
Upon hitting the ground the ball looses some energy.
8. A ball is thrown vertically upwards with a velocity of 14ms-1 .It falls and
bounces back with a velocity of 11 ms-1.
i) Represent this information on a velocity – time graph( until it strikes
the ground twice) (2mks)

Velocity
14
(m/s)
11
0 1.43 2.55
2.55s2Tim
ii) Determine the total distance covered until the ball strikes the ground twice.
(Assumethe ball is thrown from the ground level) (4mks)
v=u-gt
0=14-9.8t
9.8t=14
t1=1.43s
0=11-9.8t
9.8t=11
t2=1.12s
distance covered=area
= )+( )
=16.17m
9. Figure below shows two graphs representing the motion of two bodies for
the same time recorded.
A
B
Displacement (m)
Times (s)
Describe the motion of A and that of B. (2 mks)

A-A motion of a body with increasing velocity.
B-A motion of body with decreasing velocity
10. The figure below shows the velocity – time graph for the motion of a body.
20
Velocity (m/s)
10
0
4 8 Time (s)
-10
-20

Sketch the speed time graph for the same motion. (1mk)
20
speed 10
(m/s) 0 Time (s)
-10
-20
11. A table tennis ball is dropped from a certain height on a hard surface. On the
axis below, sketch its velocity – time graph.
Velocity
(m/s)
0 Time (s)
12. The figure shows the displacement time graph for the motion of an object
Displacement (m)
Time (s)
Sketch on the axes provided the velocity time graph for the motion of the object
(1mk)
Velocity (m/s)
Time (s)
13. Fig Below shows a velocity time graph for a moving object.
Velocity (m/s)
A
Time (s)

Draw two other graphs on fig above for displacement against time and label them
A and B respectively. (2mk)
Distance B
(m)
A
Time (s)
14. Figure (i) shows the momentum-time graph for a certain motion.
Momentum
(kgm/s) Acceleration
(m/s2)
(i) Time (s) (ii) Time (s)

On the axes provided in figure (ii), sketch the acceleration time graph for the
same motion. (1mk)
15. Fig shows the velocity-time graph for a small metal sphere falling through a
viscous fluid.
Velocity (m/s)
Momentum
Time (s) Time (s)

On the axes provided sketch the graph of momentum against time for the same
mass (1mk)
16. On the axis provided, sketch a velocity — time graph for a trolley which is in
motion on a frictionless horizontal surface. (1 mark)
Velocity
(m/s)
Time (s)

17. On the axes below, sketch a distance-time graph for a body which is
accelerated uniformly from a fixed point (1mk)
Distance
(m)
Time (s)
18. Sketch a velocity- time graph showing the motion of a ball vertically
upwards with an initial velocity of u.
u
Velocity
(m/s)
Time(s)
19. Sketch a velocity time graph for a body thrown vertically upwards to a
maximum height (2mks)
Velocity (m/s)
Time (s)
20. A body is projected vertically upwards from the top of a building. Assuming
that it lands on the base of the building, sketch the velocity time graph for
the motion. (2mk)
Velocity
(m/s)
Time(s)
21. Draw axes and sketch a graph of velocity (v versus time (t) for uniformly
accelerated motion given that when t = 0, v is greater than zero.
velocity
(m/s)
0 time (s)

AREA UNDER CURVE
1. A body moves at a constant speed of 20m/s over a period of 10s. This
speed is maintainedfor 50s before the car is brought to rest with uniform
deceleration in 15 s.
a) On the axes below , sketch a velocity time graph for the motion of the
body. (3mks)
b) Calculate
i) The average speed for the whole journey. ( Give your
answer correct to 1d.p ) 4mks)
(ii) The acceleration when the speed changes from 20m/s to
25m/s (2mks)
2. The following figure shows the velocity-time graph for the journey of a car in
80 minutes.
B C
Velocity (m/s)
30
D
A 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Time (min)
i) Determine the acceleration of the car between A and B and between C

and D.
(2mks)
Acceleration between A and B, a = = 0.025 m/s2
Accelerationbetween C and D , a = =- 0.025 m/s2
ii) Determine the distance covered by the car during the whole
journey(2mks)
Distance covered is equal to the area under the graph

Distance =
Distance = 108000 m
iii) Determine the average velocity of the car. (2mks)

Average velocity =
Average velocity =
Average velocity = 22.5 m/s

3. The figure below shows a graph of velocity against time for a moving body
A B
80
60
Velocity
40
(m/s)
20
C
0 5 10 15 20 25 Time (s)
(i) Describe the motion between O and B (2mks)
The body is moving with its velocity changing uniformly. The acceleration of the body is uniform
(ii) Determine the acceleration between B and C (2mks)
Acceleration between B and C, a = = -16 m/s2
(iii) Calculate the distance covered by the body during the whole journey. (3mk)

Distance =
Distance = 1200 m
4. The diagram below shows a velocity – time graph. Use it to answer the
questions that follow.
A
70
B
Velocity (m/s)
C
60
D
O 10 X Time (s) 40 55
a) Describe the motion of the body from

(i) O – A………………………………………………………………... (1mk)
(ii) A - B………………………………………………………………... (1mk)

The body is moving with its velocity changing uniformly. The deceleration of the body is uniform
(iii) B - C. ………………………………………………………………... (1mk)
The body is moving with uniform velocity. The acceleration of the body is zero
(iv) C - D. ………………………………………………………………... (1mk)
b) If the acceleration between points A and B is -1.25m/s2, determine the
value of x. (2mk)
a=
-1.25 =
t = 8 sec
x = 10 + 8 = 18s
c) Calculate the distance covered by the body during the whole journey.

Distance = ( )+ ( )+ +( )
Distance = 2640 m
5. The figure below shows a velocity – time graph for a motor-cycle
30 A B
velocity (m/s)
20
10
C
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
-10 Time (s)
-20 F
(a) State the nature of the motion of the particle between
(i) O andA ……………………………… (1mk)

(ii) Aand B ……………………………… (1mk)
The body is moving with uniform velocity. The acceleration of the body is zero
(iii)B and C ……………………………… (1mk)

(b) Determine the displacement of the motorcycle. (4mks)
Displacement is equal to the area under the graph
Displacement = ( )
Displacement = 750 m – 150m
Displacement = 600m
6. The figure below shows a velocity – time graph for a motor-cycle

150
Velocity (m/s)
A 2 6 8
4 10
Time (s)
-100
Determine the displacement of the motorcycle. (3mks)

Displacement =
Displacement = 175m
7. The figure below shows a velocity-time graph for the motion of a body of
mass 2kg.
V (m/s)
A B
20
C
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 t (s)
a) Use the graph to determine the:
i) Displacement of the body after 8 seconds (3mks)
Displacement = 8
Displacement after 8 seconds = 160 m

ii) Acceleration after point B (3mks)
Acceleration between B and C, a =
Acceleration between B and C, a = = -5 m/s2
iii) Force acting on the body in part (a) (ii) (3mks)

F =ma
F = 2kg × -5m/s2
F = - 10 N
b) Sketch a displacement-time graph for the motion from point A to C(2mks)
8. The Figure below shows a velocity – time graph describing the motion of a
particle.
100
Velocity (m/s)
50
0
5 10 15 20 25
-50 Time (s)
-100
(i) What does the shaded area represent? (1 mk)
It represents the total distance covered by the particle during its motion
ii) Calculate the distance covered by the body during the whole journey.
(3mks)
Distance = + ( )
Distance = 1000 m
9. The figure below shows a velocity time graph for a racing car.
120
60
Velocity
(m/s)
2 4 6 8 10 12
Time (s)
-60
F
-120

Determine the total displacement of the car?
Displacement =
Displacement = 175m
16. A car starting from rest accelerates uniformly for 5 minutes to reach
20m/s. It continues at this speed for the next 20 minutes and then
decelerates uniformly to come to a stop in 10 minutes. On the axes
provided, sketch a velocity – time graph for the motion of the car. (1mk)
40
Velocity (m/s)
30
20
10
0
10 20 30 40 50 Time (minutes)
Estimate
the total distance covered over the same time (4mks)
Distance =
Distance = 33000 m
17. The graph bellows shows how the velocity varies with time for a body
thrown vertically upwards.
V (m/s)
20
10
1 2 3 4 5 t(s)
-10
-20
Determine the total distance moved by the body. (3mks)

Distance =( )+ ( )
Distance = 40 m
18. A rocket was launched vertically upwards with uniform acceleration of
100ms-2 for 20s. After this the rocket was acted upon only by a constant
gravitational force.
(i) Calculate the maximum height reached by the rocket (3 mks)
2
H= gt
=

=20000m
(ii) Draw to scale, on the axes provided below, the displacement – time
graph for the motion of the rocket. (2 mks)
Displacement
(km)
Times (s)
19. An object is fired vertically upward from the ground level with a velocity of
50ms-1 and reaches a maximum height, h. It falls back to the ground and
bounces to a height of 4m.
a) Sketch a velocity time graph to represent the motion of the object from the
time it is fired till it bounces to the height of 4m. (2mk)
V
50
m
5 10
t (s)
b.) Calculate the maximum height reached h.
(2mk)
Maximum height reached =
h= , h = 125 m
20. A body is thrown vertically upwards with an initial velocity of 10m/s. It
moves for 2s.
(i) On the axes below, sketch a labeled velocity time graph indicating the
necessary values on the axes (2mks)
Velocity (m/s)
10
1 2
Time (s)
(ii) Using the sketch in (i) above, determine the total distance covered by the
body during the period (2mks)
Distance =( )+ ( )

Distance = 10 m
21. A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly at 5ms-2for 6 seconds. It
then travels at constant velocity for the next 4 seconds before accelerating
again at 3ms-2 for 2more seconds. The car is then brought to rest in
another5 seconds.
(i) Sketch a velocity-time graph for this motion. (2mks)
36
Velocity (m/s)
30
0
6 10 12 17 Time (s)
For the acceleration of 5ms-2 the final velocity is

u = 0, a = 5, t = 6 , v = u + at
v = 0 + 5×6
v = 30m/s
For the acceleration of 3ms-2 the final velocity is
u = 30, a = 3, t = 2 , v = u + at
v = 30 + 3×2
v = 36m/s
(ii) From the graph, calculate the total distance travelled. (3mks)

Distance = ( { })+ ( { }) + ( )
Distance = 366 m
22. A body starts from rest and acquires a velocity of 25m/sin 4s. It moves
with this constant speed for another 5 seconds. Finally the body undergoes
uniform retardation to rest in6s
i)Represent the motion graphically and determine the total distance covered
(4mk)
Velocity (m/s)
25
0
4 9 15 Time (s)

Distance = ( { })
Distance = 250 m
23. A body starts moving from rest and 10 seconds later it acquires a speed of
20m/s. It moves with this constant speed for 5 seconds. Finally the body
undergoes uniform retardation to rest in 10 seconds
a) Represent the motion graphically on the grid provided (1mk)
20
Velocity (m/s)
0
10 15 25 Time (s)
b) Determine the total distance covered (2mk)

Distance = ( { })
Distance = 300 m
c) Calculate the average speed of the body (2mk)
average speed =
average speed =
average speed = 12 m/s

PLOTING
1. The data provided in table shows the variation of displacement covered, by a
train accelerating uniformly along a straight rail track, with time.
Time(s) 0 1 2 2.5 4 5 6 7.5

Displacement(m) 0 8 20 25 40 54 60 75
(a) On the grid provided, plot a graph of displacement against time (5mk
(b) From the graph determine:

(i) The velocity of the train. (3mk)

=10m/s
(ii) The time when displacement was 50m. (1mk)
5 second
2. The data provided in table shows the variation of displacement covered, by a
train accelerating uniformly along a straight rail track, with time.
Time(s) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Disp (m) 0 5 10 17 20 25 27 35
(a) Plot a graph of displacement against time (5mks)
(b) From the graph determine the velocity of the train.

=5m/s
3. The data below shows how velocity of a lorry varies with time.
Velocity Ms-1 0 1.6 4.0 4.8 6.4 7.5 9.6

Time (S) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
(a) Plot a graph of velocity against time (5mks)
(b) From the graph determine the acceleration of the lorry.
=1.6m/s2

4. In an experiment, an object is dropped from a height h metres to a surface
on the moon.The variation of vertical velocity (Ms-1) to time (s) from release
is shown in the below.
Velocity Ms-1 0.0 1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 8.0

Time (S) 0 1 2 3 4 5
(i) Plot a graph of vertical velocity against time. (5mks)

(ii) From the graph, determine the height above the surface (h) from which the
object is dropped if it only took 5 seconds to reach the ground.. (3mks)
=
=20m
(iii) From the graph, determine the acceleration due to gravity at the moon’s
surface. (2mks)
=1.6m/s2
(iv) If the object rebounds from the surface losing 20J of its kinetic energy,
Calculate the speed at which it leaves the surface. (3mks)
E=mgh
20=m
20=32m
M=0.625kg
20= v2
20= v2
40=0.625v2
V2=64
V=8m/s

5. A trolley initially at rest is acted upon by a steady force. Its motion
was timed. The followingtable gives observations of distance (s)
traveled in (mm) and time (t) in second it takes to travel through this
distance, it also shows the corresponding values of the square root of
2s.
S (mm) 15 78 208 400 630 820

t (s) 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.40
5.5 12.5 20.4 28.3 35.5 40.5
i) Complete the table (1mk)

ii) Plot a graph of against t (5mks)
iii) Given that S = Ut + ½ at². Use your graph to calculate the

average acceleration of the trolley.
(3mks)
gradient=
=31.6m/s2
31.6m/s2
63.2m/s2
44
6. The data provided in table shows the variation of displacement
covered, by a train accelerating uniformly along a straight rail track,
with time.
Time(s) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Displacement(m) 22.5 40.0 62.5 90.0 122.5 160.0 202.5 250.
(a) On the grid provided, plot a graph of displacement (y – axis)
against time (5mks)
45
(b) From the graph determine:
(i) The velocity at the 25th second
(3mks)
=2.759m/s
(ii) The velocity at the 55thsecond

(2mks)
=4.211m/s
(iii) The acceleration of the train

(3mk)
=0.0484m/s2
46
47

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2020

(iii) V2 =U2 + 2aS

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Calculate the maximum velocity it attained.

Determine the velocity between

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(iii) Determine the acceleration of the trolley (3mk)

t = 0.02 × 5 = 0.1 sec

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4. Figure below shows a piece of tape pulled through a ticker–timer of

t = 0.01 × 6 = 0.06 sec

deceleration of the trolley = 20000cm/s2

t = 0.02 × 7 = 0.14 sec

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9. Figure below shows a piece of tape pulled through a ten-tick timerof

deceleration of the trolley = 43750 cm/s2

Velocity between AB, u = = 600 cm/s

Velocity between PQ, v = = 1600 cm/s

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ii) Velocities between points AB and DE (3mk)

velocity between points DE, v = = 750 cm/s

iii) Acceleration of the body over interval AE (2mk)

i) Indicate the direction in which the trolley was moving. (1mk)

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Initial velocity, u = = 200 cm/s

iv) Determine the final velocity of the trolley. (2mk)

v) Find the acceleration of the trolley in SI units. (3mk)

(ii) The final velocity of the trolley (2mks)

(iii) The acceleration of the trolley. (2mks)

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(ii) The acceleration of the trolley. (3 mk)

If the frequency of the timer is 100Hz determine the;

Average velocity at interval AB, u = = 30 cm/s

Average velocity at interval CD, v = = 64 cm/s

(ii) Average acceleration of the trolley (4mks)

Time interval from point A to point D = 0.01 × 20 = 0.2 seconds

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2. A stone is released from a height h, if the acceleration due to gravity is g,

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For free fall u=0m/s

Substitute eqn (i) in (ii)

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For free fall u=0m/s

Substitute eqn (i) in (ii)

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5. A stone is thrown horizontally from a building that is 180m high above a

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(iii) Find the range. (2mk)

ii) Initial horizontal velocity of the ball.

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(ii) The horizontal component of the velocity as it reaches the floor

(ii) The horizontal distance traveled before hitting the ground(2mk

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