2 As
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2 As
It is estimated that the West has given $1.2 trillion in aid and development assistance to Africa
since 1990 according to Greg Mills in his book “Expensive Poverty.” But sadly this aid has had little
or no impact on bettering the lives of poor Africans. Africa still is where 70% of the world’s poorest
live and 140 million people face food insecurity.
While aid has spectacularly failed to achieve its goals in Africa, opinions remain divided. Some
continue to call for increased aid. Others have argued that aid not only has failed to end poverty in
Africa but also, ‘the West’s efforts to aid Africans which have done so much ill and so little
good’. Easterly argues that the donors must change their approach in order that aid reaches those for
whom it is intended.
African thinkers such as Dambisa Moyo in her book “Dead Aid” and Greg Mills in his book
“Expensive Poverty” have argued that aid has caused so much corruption and conflict, inhibited
social capital and deepened state aid dependency that both Western donors and African governments
must move toward the point where the aid cycle stops and aid is no longer necessary. Eggen and
Roland are critical of the administration of aid and have argued that aid should be done without
Western interference. In the light of all this, we must ask why aid has failed to achieve its goal of
bringing it to an end in Africa in the way that it did in Asia and Europe after World War II and what
should be done for real change in Africa.
2. In which paragraph it is mentioned that donors have to adapt their policies. …………………………
0.5 pt
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b. In the second paragraph, briefly explain two main points on why humanitarian aids have failed in Africa.
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4. Fill in the table below with information from the text. 1.5
B) Text exploration:
1. Find in the text words or phrases which are closest in meaning to: 1.5
2. Add the prefixes below to form opposites to the following words. (dis – in – un- im) 1 pt
3. Report or quote the following sentences using the following summarizing verbs. (argued – suggested –
claim) Make necessary changes 1.5
1. a. Greg Mills said: “Aid has caused so much corruption and conflict.”
2. a. “Why don’t you go now to visit your grandmother?” Amira told Hanan.
b. Amira ……………………………………………………………………………………………….
Massi: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….?
Mohammed:
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Part II: writing (5 pts)
Topic 1: Some people argue that we can considerably limit poverty in Africa by providing food aids. However,
this is a totally mistaken claim. As a reporter in the African Youth magazine, write a short argumentative article to
prove that food aids are just a temporary solution.
Topic 2: A few of you have already experienced a strong earthquake. As a member of your local newspaper, write
a short announcement in which you warn people about the dangers of earthquake and you advise them on what to do
before, during and after an earthquake.
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