Lesson 4

1
2
 A- Label the following sentences as simple (S), compound (CD), or fragment (FR).
_____1. Gina and Rick will conduct the experiment in chemistry class today.
_____2. Sara worked last summer and saved enough money for a computer.
_____3. The entire crowd waited and quietly, and Niki walked to the line and made the free
throw.
_____4. The delivery person arrived late, but the pizza was still warm.
_____5. The people in the home stands threw paper onto the floor; consequently, the referee
called a foul on the home team.
_____6. When Mrs. Levinson assigned the difficult paper.
_____7. Jack is on the yearbook staff this year; he won’t be writing for the newspaper.
_____8. Outside of school, the students.
_____9. What time does the next plane leave?
_____10. I hope to catch up on my reading during spring break.
_____11. Some inventions are created by accident.
_____12. Walter E. Diemer worked for a chewing-gum company.
_____13. He was an accountant, but he wanted to improve the company’s gum.
_____14. Because he wanted chewier gum.
_____15. He didn’t succeed, but he did come up with something.
_____16. He produced a mixture, it could be blown into bubbles.
_____17. This mixture was the first bubble gum.
_____18. Which Diemer added pink food coloring.
_____19. The gum was fun to chew, and the color made it attractive.
_____20. If Walter Diemer had not experimented.
_____21. He would not have discovered bubble gum, and we might not have it today.

3
 B- Underline the simple sentences in each compound sentence. Circle the comma, and
then circle the coordinating conjunction.

1. Cara found the book she needed, but she didn’t want to sit near Mr. Winston.

2. The girls could be quieter, or they could work at Sophie’s house.

3. She could have put the box on the floor, or she could have put it on the seat next to her.

4. Cara wanted to find out what kind of snake she had, so she looked in a lot of books.

5. She thought she might have a python, but she discovered her snake was some other kind

6. The girls went to the library, and they worked on their project.

7. They could do a report, or they could write a skit.

8. The library was quiet, but the girls were getting noisy.

9. Sophie made a joke, so everyone laughed.

10. Ms. Walker came over, and she put her finger to her lips.

11. The library is for everyone, but people should be considerate of others.

12. People must work quietly, or they will disturb others.

C- Combine each pair of simple sentences to make a compound sentence. Use the
conjunction in parenthesis.
1. A small kitten followed me home. I gave it a bowl of milk. (so)
______________________________________________________________________
2. We were lost in the woods. My brother had a map in his backpack. (but)
______________________________________________________________________
3. The girls were painting animal pictures. Katrina spilled the paint. (and)
____________________________________________________________________

4
4. Would you like to go to the movies? Would you rather stay home tonight? (or)
______________________________________________________________________
5. Mr. Sanchez loved his new office. He didn't like the view. (but)
______________________________________________________________________
6. The tigers at the zoo are always sleeping. The penguins are fun to watch. (but)
______________________________________________________________________
D- Combine the following sentences using the coordinating conjunctions: and, or, so,
and but.
1. It was raining hard. There was a strong wind.
___________________________________________________________________
2. He was tired. He went to bed.
___________________________________________________________________
3. She didn’t study. She passed the exam.
___________________________________________________________________
4. Daniel made many promises. He didn’t keep them.
___________________________________________________________________
5. The teacher explained the lesson. The students wrote notes.
___________________________________________________________________
6. Elena came to the meeting. Pedro stayed home.
___________________________________________________________________
7. I struggled carrying the heavy package. I asked for help.
___________________________________________________________________
8. Jane needs to write an essay. She must submit it on Monday.
___________________________________________________________________
9. Ivana's bicycle had a flat tire. She had to walk to the grocery store.
___________________________________________________________________
10. José wants to be an astronaut when he grows up. Maria wants to be a nurse.

5
___________________________________________________________________
11. Dr. Neu told Greg to floss his teeth every day. He didn't listen.
___________________________________________________________________

E- Circle the correct type of sentence for each sentence given below.
1. When I turned the corner.
A. Fragment B. Simple Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Run-on
2. I heard a strange noise.
A. Fragment B. Simple Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Run-on
3. I turned the corner I heard a strange noise.
A. Fragment B. Simple Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Run-on
4. I turned the corner, and I heard a strange noise.
A. Fragment B. Simple Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Run-on
5. The screen went dark, and the sound stopped too.
A. Fragment B. Simple Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Run-on
6. When the screen went dark.
A. Fragment B. Simple Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Run-on
7. The screen went dark the sound stopped too.
A. Fragment B. Simple Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Run-on
8. The sound stopped too.
A. Fragment B. Simple Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Run-on
9. I was reading the lights went out.
A. Fragment B. Simple Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Run-on
10. I was reading, and the lights went out.
A. Fragment B. Simple Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Run-on
11. I was reading.
A. Fragment B. Simple Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Run-on

6
12. When I was reading.
A. Fragment B. Simple Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Run-on

Lesson 5

7
8
 A. Read each complex sentence. Underline the simple sentence once. Underline the
dependent clause twice. Circle the subordinating conjunction that joins the two. Add
a comma if necessary.

1. Although Rodney loved most animals, he didn’t like snakes.

2. Snakes startled him because they moved so quickly.

3. He ran away from a snake in the grass though he knew it wasn’t poisonous.

4. He learned more about the snake after he saw it.

5. Mr. Winston walked over because he thought Cara needed help.

6. Cara said she didn’t need help since she wanted to be left alone.

7. Until that snake got loose everything had been fine.

8. If Mr. Winston had walked away nothing would have happened.

9. Cara got nervous because Mr. Winston reached for the box.

10. Because Cara said the box was empty she thought nothing would happen.

B. Identify the following clauses as independent or dependent.

1. While the teacher talked. __________

2. Because she was late. __________
3. That inform and entertain. __________
4. When the dog barked. __________
5. I skipped breakfast. __________

9
6. The baby cried. __________
7. I like magazines. __________
8. The students slept. __________
9. The curtain rose. __________
10. The actors and crew smiled and bowed. __________
C. Circle the subordinating conjunctions. Underline the dependent clauses.
1.Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.

2.We had fun for several days when we were in New York.

3.Jack got to the airport after he checked in at the airline counter.

4.Before the plane takes off, you have to fasten the seatbelt.

5.Greg has been blind since he was ten years old.

6.Ellen does her homework after she gets home.

7.Although it was heavily raining, they didn’t cancel the trip.

8.If it gets cold tomorrow, I’ll take my jacket with me.

9.The phone was ringing while I was studying.

10.I’ll stay home until she gets back from the party.

D. Write a dependent clause that turns the simple sentence into a complex sentence.
Use the subordinate conjunctions in the extension below for ideas.
1. ………………………………………………………………………, parents recorded the
show with their video cameras.

2. We had a hard time finding our way

home…………………………………………………………………………………………

10
3. I didn’t go to school
yesterday…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………

4……………………………………………………………., he will get a valuable present.

5. The light went off…………………………………………………………………………

E. Circle the correct type of sentence for each sentence given below.

1. When the game begins, the crowd cheers wildly.

A. Simple Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Complex Sentence

2. The crowd cheers wildly.

A. Simple Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Complex Sentence

3. The game begins, and the crowd cheers wildly.

A. Simple Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Complex Sentence

4. While we were playing, it rained heavily.

A. Simple Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Complex Sentence

6. After a batter hits the ball, the pitcher catches it.

A. Simple Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Complex Sentence

10. Although the pitcher is skillful, he couldn’t catch the ball.

A. Simple Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Complex Sentence

11. The game was over, so we went home.

A. Simple Sentence C. Compound Sentence D. Complex Sentence

11
Lesson 6

12
13
14
15
 A. Write these sentences correctly. Add capital letters where they are needed. Be sure to
underline book titles.

1. Is there a story about Stormalong in the book american tall tales?

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. The story “five fathoms tall” is about Stormy.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. I wrote an essay for class called “why we like tall tales.”
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. I loved the story “paul bunyan, the giant lumberjack.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….

B. Write these sentences correctly. Add capital letters where they are needed.

1. Did sailors speak chinese when they sailed to Asia?

…………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. Do william and janet know why the Dover cliffs are white?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. Stormy delivered cargo to italians and to indians.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. The tall tale hero john henry is an american hero.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….

C. Write these sentences correctly. Add capital letters where they are needed. Be sure to
underline book titles.
1-I started to exercise after reading the article exercise is the key to good health.

16
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
2- The girl put the book ann of green gables on the shelf.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
3- Dory learned a lot by reading the magazine art of the west.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
4- You can find the short story polly helps a friend at the library.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5- Mom reads a newspaper called daily mail whenever she can.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

6- I'd like to write a poem like love and passion.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
D. Capitalize any proper noun if needed. If the sentence is already correct, don’t make
any changes and write Correct.
1.My uncle has lived in england for five years.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
2- .The americans voted for freedom.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
3- The pitcher was named jackie .
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
4-Kangaroos are usually found in australia.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5-Alex and Sami play baseball in the backyard.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
6- japanese have invented many robots.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
7- Malik taught me a little bit of arabic at lunchtime.

17
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
8-Jill's cousins only spoke Portuguese when they moved here.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Lesson 7

18
19
20
21
22
 A. Use the correct possessive form of nouns in parentheses to complete each sentence.

1- ( Mrs. Smith) …………………………….husband often gives her flowers.

2- (boy) The ………………………….hat is red.

3- (children) The …………………………..toys are all over the floor.

4- (babies) The ……………………toys are in their cribs.

5- (wives) Tom and Bob are married. Their ……………………names are Cindy and Judy.

6- (women) That store sells ……………………………clothes.

7- (sister ) Do you know my ……………………….husband?

8- ( John) This is …………………………….school.

9- (animals ) The ………………………fur keep them warm.

10- (bird) The …………………….nest is in my yard.

B. Write each phrase another way . Use the possessive form of the underlined noun.

1- The tail of the squirrel is bushy.

23
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
2-It would cost me the salary of a month to buy that painting!
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
3- The stripes of the zebra are beautiful.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
4- The leaves of the trees are red .
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5- The kite of David got stuck on the tree.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
6- The shirts of the men are black .
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
7- The noses of the clowns were red.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
8- We saw the crowns of the queens in the museum.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
C. Write each phrase another way. Use the possessive form of the underlined noun.
1. the father of Chin ……………………..father
2. the son of Ah Sing …………..………….son
3. the rumble of an earthquake an ……………………… rumble
4. the shout of a person a ……………………… shout
5. the courage of a father a ……………………… courage
6. the fear of the boy the ……………………… fear
7. the help of a friend a ……………………… help
8. the smile of the rescuer the ……………………… smile

D. Write each phrase another way. Use the possessive form of the underlined noun.

1. legends of different countries

Different………………………………… legends

24
2. the long necks of the sea serpents
The……………………………………… long necks
3. the footprints of the children
The……………………………………… footprints
4. the huge wings of the dragons
The……………………………………… huge wings
5. the brave actions of the young women
The…………………………………….... brave actions
6. the towers of the castles
The……………………………………… towers

Lesson 8

25
26
 A. Read the sentence. Circle the correct answer.
1. I am / is / are 12 years old.
2. My brother am / is / are at university.
3. He am / is / are good at swimming.
4. Ares / Is / Am she in the school play?
5. We am / is / are old friends.
6. They am / is / are always late for school.
7. I was / were absent yesterday.
8. You was / were travelling last week.
9. Ali and Shady was / were friends, but now they aren’t.
10. The kids was / were swimming in the pool.
11.He has / have to do as they do.
12. She has / have so many things to tell.

27
13. I has / have heard about it so much.
14. We has / have had enough of this.
15. No one has / have come to see me.
16. I has / have done that for you.
17. It has / have been so for several days.
18. I think I has / have seen you there.
19. Money has / have nothing to do with it.
20. Where has / have he been all this time?
21. Do / Does you always have toast and coffee for breakfast?
22. Do / Does David travel to many different countries on his job?
23. Do / Does nurses take care of patients in hospitals?
24. Do / Does your assistant always type so quickly?
25. Do / Does it snow in Hawaii?

B. Circle the correct verb in each of the sentences below.

1. Your friend (talk-talks) too much.
2. The man with the roses (look-looks) like your brother.
3. The women in the pool (swim-swims) well.
4. Bill (drive-drives) a cab.
5. The football players (run-runs) five miles every day.
6. That red-haired lady in the fur hat (live-lives) across the street.
7. He (cook-cooks) dinner for his family.
8. The boys (walk-walks) to school every day.
9. The weather on the coast (appear-appears) to be good this weekend.
10. The center on the basketball team (bounce-bounces) the ball too high.
11. An electric computer (solves, solve) difficult problems quickly.

28
12. Many colleges (has, have) computers.
13. Over one hundred thousand forest fires (is, are) reported each year.
14. Sometimes lightning (causes, cause) fires.
15. Careless people (is, are) often at fault.
16. Forest rangers (says, say) that we can prevent forest fires.
17. Some skillful divers (descends, descend) almost forty-five feet without special equipment.
18. The owl's eyes (makes, make) it look wise.
19. Actually, the owl (sees, see) poorly during the day.
20. Every year scientists (discovers, discover) new drugs to fight diseases.
21. There (is / are) some cookies left in the box.
22. How (do / does) this machine work?
23. (Has / Have) I answered your question?
24. My friends and I (am / are) planning to meet on Friday.
25. The work (has / have) to be finished on time.

Lesson 9

29
30
31
 A. In each sentence below, underline the prepositional phrase once and the preposition
twice.
1. Myths say that Hercules once lived among ordinary humans.
2. Zeus watched Hercules from Mount Olympus.
3. Hercules completed impossible challenges on Earth.
4. Hercules only laughed at the dangerous tasks.
5. He showed that he was kind and helpful during his stay.
6. After his successes, Hercules could go home.
7. The Nemean lion emerged from the trees.
8. Hercules hit the beast with his club.

32
9. The lion roared at the sky.
10. Hercules threw spears at the lion.
11. The lion ran in angry circles.
12. Hercules wrapped his hands around the lion’s neck.
B. Underline the prepositional phrase in each sentence. Write how, where, or when on
the line to tell what details it gives about the sentence.

1. The fight began at dawn. …………………

2. Hercules ran to the Hydra’s cave. …………………
3. He yelled into the darkness. …………………
4. Terrified animals peeked from the forest. …………………
5. The Hydra charged with a chilling scream. …………………
6. Hercules swung his sword through the air. …………………
7. Soon the Hydra’s heads rolled on the ground. …………………
8. Hercules was grateful for the rest of his life. …………………
9. He sailed home under beautiful stars. …………………
10. The wind carried his boat to Greece. …………………

C. Find the preposition in each underlined phrase. Write it on the line.

1- My hat is on the bed. ……………………

2- The bracelet in the storefront window is the one I want. ……………………

3- The present inside the big box is mine. ……………………

4- The sound of the players distracted me. ……………………

5- The movie on television is boring. ……………………

33
 6- The store at the corner sells sandwiches. ……………………

7- I adopted a black cat with white paws. ……………………

D. In each sentence below, circle the preposition. Then write the prepositional phrase.

1- The car beside the red one is the one I want to buy.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

2- The extra blanket is under the bed.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

3-The present inside the big box is mine.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

4-The painter is a person of immense talent.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

5-The design on your shirt is stunning!

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

E. Underline the prepositional phrase in each sentence below. Then circle the noun
being described.

1- The pipe beneath the kitchen sink is leaking.

34
2- I have a scratch on my arm.

3-Stan bought a jacket with white stripes.

4- The cupcake with colorful sprinkles is yours.

5- The boy at the bus seemed nervous.

6- The bridge over the muddy creek was built last year.

7- The golden crown in the museum is beautiful.

8- The clown in the circus was funny.

Lesson 10

35
36
A. Write the correct form of the verb in parentheses to show past action.

1. Carlos (take) __________________ piano lesson many times.

2. He also (sing) __________________ with his mom.

3. His mom (teach) __________________ him the musical notes.

37
 4. His sister, Cynthia, (draw) __________________ pictures.

5. Those pictures (mean) __________________ something unknown.

6. Many people (go) __________________ and (think) __________________ of the

pictures’ meanings.

7. Nobody (find) __________________ the correct meaning.

8. They all (give) __________________ up and asked the artist.

B. Write the correct form of verb to be in parentheses to show past tense.

One day, I (am) __________________ very bored. I (am) __________________

thinking and thinking of something to enjoy my time. I surfed the Internet for
interesting stories. I found one about some children who (are) __________________
happy when they went to the park. Their teachers (are) __________________ taking
care of them. However, one child (is) __________________ disobedient. Mr. Rockwell
looked for that boy everywhere, but he couldn’t find him. He (is) __________________
so worried that the boy might have got hurt or attacked by a stray dog. When Mr.
Rockwell found the boy, he scolded him and took him to the bus. At school, the boy’s
parents (are) __________________ called and told everything. They punished him. He
(is) __________________ not able to go out with his friends for two weeks. He (is)
__________________ grounded for not being a good boy.

C. Write the correct form of the verb in parentheses.

Dad had (give) __________________ me a box. Something had been (hide)

__________________ inside it. I had (write) __________________ some guesses on a

38
paper. It could be a plant that had slightly (grow) __________________, a leaf that had
(fall) __________________ and died, or a little bird that had never (fly)
__________________. That was very hard! Then Dad asked me to choose only one.
But guess what! It wasn’t one of the things I had (choose) __________________. It was
a diamond ring that I had never (see) __________________ like it before. Its kind was
even unknown. I had (wear) __________________ it all my life.

Lesson 11

39
40
 A. Write the present progressive verb in each sentence. Circle the present-tense form of
the be verb.
1. The train is reaching New York now. ……………………..

41
2. James thinks, “I am getting excited.” ……………………..

3. Many people are walking on the crowded streets. ……………………..

4. Crowds are rushing through the train station. ……………………..

5. James is looking around constantly. ……………………..

6. “I am liking New York a lot!” James says to himself. ……………………..

B. Complete the following sentences using the verbs in parentheses to form the present
progressive tense.
1. (be/go) Cynthia ____________________ to the party.

2. (be/hide) I ____________________ her gift in the closet.

3. (be/hit) The naughty boy ____________________ his little sister.

4. (be/make) The engineers ____________________ a model of the tower.

5. (be/put) __________ you and your sister ______________ a hair mask?

6. (be/talk) Who ____________________?

7. (be/work) The students ____________________ on their science project.

8. (be/cook) Mom ____________________ pasta.

42
C. Underline the words that form the past progressive verb in each sentence.

43
1. The artist was making amazing pictures in his studio.

2. An art gallery was showing them last month.

3. Everyone was admiring his art.

4. We were working together on some collages.

5. The pictures were hanging on the walls of the studio.

6. They were creating collages last year at school.

7. I was using photographs for my collages last year.

8. My friends were collecting photos of animals for me.

9. Also, I was cutting out comic strips for another collage.

10. I was showing that collage at my school’s art show last winter.

11. I was telling my friends about my plans for the next collage.

12. They said they were wondering what I would do next.

D. Complete the following sentences using the verbs in parentheses to form the past
progressive tense.
1. (be/ ride) The competitor ____________________ his bike.
2. (be/leave) I ____________________ the time she arrived to the party.
3. (be/ring) Her phone ____________________ a lot while she was asleep.
4. (be/run) she was breathing heavily while she ____________________.
5. (be/swim) I ____________________ in the pool yesterday.
6. (be/learn) They ____________________ Spanish at school.
7. (be/think) The students ____________________ about the answer.

44
45
 E. Complete the following sentences using the verbs in parentheses to form the future

progressive tense.

1. (write) The author ______________________________ his book next week.

2. (dream) You ______________________________ about your car when you sleep.

3. (break) Dad ______________________________ the wooden sticks tomorrow noon.

4. (build) The workers ______________________________ the house when you travel.

5. (sleep) The baby ______________________________ as I get home.

F. Write the sentences. Change each underlined verb into a progressive form. Use the

progressive form identified in parentheses.

1. I visit my cousins in Chicago. (present progressive)

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

2. The streets overflow with traffic and people. (present progressive)

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

3. The crowds will stay until late in the evening. (future progressive)

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

4. I planned to go home on Sunday, but now I want to stay longer! (past progressive)

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

46
Lesson 12

47
48
Underline the main verb and the auxiliary verb(s) in the following sentences.
1. When are you going on your canoe trip?

2. Mr. Costello is constantly giving us directions.

3. Jim should have pitched his tent sooner.

4. Joe could have been badly injured.

5. The new paints are constantly being improved.

6. We will be electing class officers tomorrow.

7. The snowfall had not quite ended at six this morning.

8. I shall certainly miss you next week.

9. Mrs. Barnes has always given generously to charity.

10. The price of most food is rising again.

11. How many books have you read this year?

12. I have already seen that TV program.

13. The old man does not walk to town any more.

14. Nancy and Mark have been given major parts in the school play.

15. Your good deed will never be forgotten.

16. Ms. Smith has definitely agreed to our suggestions.

17. The new club officers will have been chosen by tomorrow evening.

18. You could have gone to the party without me.

19. Mr. Davis has never neglected his work before.

49
20. Our team could have played in the state tournament.

Write HV above each helping verb. Write MV above each main verb.

1. The aliens could see a big field below them.

2. A farmer is working in the field.

3. He is staring up toward the sky.

4. “No one will believe me,” he was thinking.

5. Meanwhile, the aliens have decided to land.

6. They are descending from the sky.

7. Though afraid, the farmer thinks, “I will stay here.”

8. Suddenly, the aliens are walking toward him.

9. The extraterrestrials are living among us.

10. The story will frighten his friends.

11. Ryan has read much science fiction.

12. He was thinking about his favorite stories.

13. They have described distant galaxies.

14. Ryan is imagining a strange planet.

15. Ryan will write about the planet’s creatures.

16. His characters are traveling to Earth.

17. They are dressed as humans.

18. They will visit New York City.

50
Lesson 13

51
52
53
54
55
A. On the lines provided, replace all the underlined words with the suitable subject
pronouns.
1. The dog will gnaw my shoes. ____________________

2. Sara will wear some makeup for the party. ____________________

3. Jason composes music. ____________________

4. The boys work together to win the football match. ____________________

5. Mom makes delightful cupcakes. ____________________

6. Dad and I will travel to Spain next month. ____________________

7. The students are studying hard for the exams. ____________________

8. The guy stole my wallet. ____________________

9. The mouse loves to eat cheese. ____________________

10.All the people and I live on Earth. ____________________

B. Choose the best answer for the object pronouns.

1. Are you talking to ( me - I )?

2. All the students stare at ( your – you )!

3. I’ll send ( she – her ) the e-mail.

4. His father told ( he – him ) about his encounters.

5. I’ll give ( it – she ) to Sara.

6. The teacher gave ( us – we ) some advice.

7. The manager talked to ( they – them ).

56
C. Fill in the blanks with the best demonstrative pronouns.

This – That – These – Those

1. _________________ are cheap pencils.

2. _________________ in the library were helpful books.

3. _________________ was brilliant!

4. Is _________________ your favorite jacket?

D. Write the correct reflexive pronoun.

1. She was blaming _________________ for losing the game.

2. You should pack the bag for _______________________________.

3. Was he talking to _________________?

4. They’ll make coffee for _________________.

5. The cat was looking at _________________ in the mirror.

6. We’ll do that by _________________.

57
Leson 14

58
 Subject Pronouns Possessive Pronouns Possessive Pronouns
That Stand Alone
He his +noun His

She her +noun Hers

It its +noun Its
I my +noun Mine
They their + noun Theirs
We our +noun Ours
You your +noun Yours
A- Choose the correct form of the possessive pronoun in parentheses.

1- The houses in Jonathan's village are small. (her, his, its)

2- The village is busy, and the village's visitors come from all over the world. (their , my , its)

3- The students' singing inspired us. ( Their , Her , Your)

4- I took Sally's dog to the park. (my , her , his)

5- The ribbon's color is red. ( his , its ,your)

6- Adams, can you take Adam’s book with you? (his, her, your)

B- Underline the possessive pronoun that stands alone in each sentence.

1- Someone asked, "Is that dog yours?"

2- Paula had to drive my car to work. Hers had a flat tire.

3-The present inside the big box is mine.

59
4-William finished his homework early. John didn’t do his until later.

5-Our house is small and old .Theirs is huge and modern.

C- Choose the possessive pronoun that best completes each sentence.

1- ………(My/ Mine ) brother planted a tree in front of ………… (our / ours) front yard.

2- The little boy who lives next door is playing with………………………(him / his )toys.

3-The furniture belongs to my mother. It is …………………………(her/hers)

4- The cupcake with colorful sprinkles is………………………. (yours/ your).

5- Jenny's dad trimmed the branches off the tree. It looked bare without all of ……..(its/ it)

branches.

6- You must remember to clean ……………………..(your/yours ) room.

60
Lesson 15

61
62
63
A. Write the adjectives that describe the underlined nouns. Then write what kind or how
many for each adjective.

1- The biggest star in our galaxy is the sun.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

2-My dancing shoes have a hole in them.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

3- There are five players on the team.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

4- That is a valuable sculpture.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

5- Several girls wanted to go skating.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

B. Underline each adjective and circle the noun it describes.

1- Does Maria live in the blue house?

2- The creamy, delicious milkshake melted on the counter.

3- There are fifty states in the United States.

4- There are many puppies for sale.

64
5- We visited the museum where we saw ancient artifacts.

C. Underline each adjective .Then write the word it describes on the line.

1.My friends are kind . ……………………

2-The soup tastes great! . .……………………

3- The cake smells delicious. ……………………..

4- She was happy when she heard that she passed the exam. ………………

5- Brandon becomes embarrassed when people compliment his skill. …………………

6- When Michelle woke up this morning, she felt sick. ………………….

Order of Adjectives
If more than one adjective tells about a noun, those adjectives must be in the
correct order. Use this order for lists of adjectives:
Number Age/Colo Materia
Opinion Size/Shape Purpose Noun
r l
Seven gorgeou
long old woolen winter coat
s
Three skillful young horse trainer

D-Read the sentences. Combine the adjectives in the correct order and write them on the
line.

1-The woman is wearing a …………………………………dress. ( long – yellow)

2- He is going to wear a ………………………………………tie to the wedding. (blue – big –

cotton)

3- The company makes ………………………………….products. ( farming –excellent )

65
4- James recently departed on a ……………………………….trip. ( camping- long)

5- I love eating ………………………………………apples. ( juicy – red – big)

6- The …………………………………woman did well in the test. ( young – intelligent)

Lesson 16

66
67
A. Circle the adverbs in the following sentences. Then write the word they describe.

1. The dancer moves gracefully. ______________

2. I deeply love my mom. ______________

3. Cut the shapes carefully. ______________

4. Abdullah finished his test somewhat hastily. ______________

5. I’ll be with you there. ______________

6. She left her keys here. ______________

7. She is traveling tomorrow. ______________

8. The teacher listened quite patiently as the child spoke. ______________

9. Now, she is writing her story. ______________

10.The kids were playing happily. ______________

11.She is not financially responsible. ______________

12.I am mentally tired. ______________

68
 13.The restaurant is almost fully booked. ______________

14.The weather was extremely hot. ______________

15.He answered the question quite easily. ______________

16.She was unbelievably rude to us. ______________

B. Circle the adverbs in the following sentences. Then write whether they show how,
when, or where.
1. She is talking to me now. ______________
2. I’ll go on a picnic tomorrow. ______________
3. I went to her house yesterday. ______________
4. She’s standing outside. ______________
5. I’m standing here. ______________
6. They meet up there. ______________
7. The kids excitedly prepared themselves for the trip. ______________
8. They quickly took their belongings with them. ______________
9. Chin frantically flapped his hand. ______________
C. Circle the adverbs of frequency in the following sentences.

1. She always goes to school.

2. He seldom plays piano.

3. I sometimes draw pictures.

4. Samantha often goes shopping.

69
 5. She never goes back home with anything.

D. Circle the adverbs of degree ( intensity ) in the following sentences.

1. Mom was extremely tired.

2. I badly love the guitar.

3. I ate a lot.

4. The boy fiercely broke his leg.

5. Using technology will help us learn best.

Lesson 17

70
71
72
73
 Comparative and Superlative Adjectives and adverbs

Case Adjective Comparative Superlative Rule

old
One-syllable older oldest Comparative: add –er
small
adjectives smaller smallest Superlative: add -est
Comparative: Double the
One-syllable last consonant and add
big bigger
adjectives that biggest –er.
hot hotter
end in 1vowel hottest Superlative: : Double the
+ 1 consonant last consonant and add
–est.
One-syllable wise
wiser wisest Comparative:Just add –r.
adjectives that wide
wider widest Superlative: Just add -st.
end in -e
famous Comparative: Use more
most famous
Two-syllable pleasant more famous before the adjective.
most
adjectives more pleasant Superlative: Use most
pleasant
before the adjective.
Two-syllable busy
busier busiest Comparative: Change the
adjectives end pretty
prettier prettiest –y to –i and add –er.
in-y

74
 Superlative: Change the
-y to -i and add est.
Comparative: Use more
Adjectives more
important most before the adjective.
with three or important
important Superlative: Use most
more syllables
before the adjective.
Comparative and Superlative Adverbs

Case Adverb Comparative Superlative Rule

fastest Comparative: Add

One-syllable fast faster
hardest –er.
adverbs hard harder
Superlative: Add -est.
Comparative: Use
more before the
carefully more carefully most carefully adverb.
Ly- adverbs
slowly more slowly most slowly Superlative: Use
most before the
adverb.

A- Write the comparative form of the adjective in each sentence.

1- I don’t know why your bag is (heavy) …………………..………..…than mine.

2- The weather today is (cold)……………………………….…than yesterday.
3- My friend, Jane, is (nice) ……………………………….……. than her sister.
4- My cat is (fat) ……………………………………..…than it used to be!
5- I think that books are (useful) ………………………….……………than movies.
6- That building is (fabulous) …………………….…………than the one next to it.
B- Write the superlative form of the adjective in each sentence.
1- That boy is the (lazy) …………………………..……student in the class.
2- The fish I caught is the (big) ………………………..…….fish I have ever seen.
3- I had the (wonderful ) ……………………….…………..time with you today.
4- He is the (old)………………………………….…………person in his family.
5- My little sister is the (cute)…………………………….…….girl in the world!

75
6- He is driving one of the (expensive)………………………….……………..cars in the
world.
C-Circle the correct comparative or superlative form of the adverb that best completes each
sentence.
1- My brother laughed the (loudest- most loud) out of the whole audience.
2- George drives (more recklessly – most recklessly) than his brother.
3- We argued (longer –more long) than I thought we would.
4- Mary speaks (more quickly – quicklier) than Max does.
5- Of all students in the class, Susan studies the (harder –hardest).
6- My brother goes to bed (earlier – more early) than I do.

Lesson 18

76
77
Identify the relative adverb in each item below. What does it tell about?

1. You should have seen this area four years ago, when it was nothing but open land.
……………….
2. Mr. and Mrs. Drew decided today where they would develop their farm. ……………….
3. They knew exactly why they wanted to farm there. ……………….
4. They still remember those months when they worked hard all day. ……………….
5. Now they grow food where before only wildflowers bloomed. ……………….
6. Can you figure out the reason why they succeeded? ……………….

On the lines provided, write the relative adverbs in the following sentences.

78
 1. Granny always forgets where she puts her things. _________
2. She calls me to look for them when she loses them. _________
3. That’s why I get annoyed sometimes. _________
4. I can’t tell her why I get annoyed, but she calls me when I have assignments to finish.
_________ / _________
5. We all sit and guess where she might have put them. ________
Complete each relative clause with why, when, or where:
1. Do you know the reason __________________ she is so upset?
2. The day __________________ you saw me I was feeling sick.
3. The library is a place __________________you can borrow books.
4. That is the house __________________ we used to live.
5. This is the reason__________________ I never call her.
6. The place __________________ we went yesterday is just around the corner.
7. They never told us the reason __________________ they moved away.
8. The school __________________ I study English is not far from your house.
9. Was that the time __________________ you guys went to France together?
10. That is the drawer __________________ I keep my t-shirts.

Lesson 19

79
Write the contraction for the underlined words.
1. Wyoming was not a state until 1890. ………………
2. The Wyoming Territory did not include Colorado. ………………
3. Gold had not been found in Wyoming until 1842. ………………
4. Wyoming is not a state bordering the ocean. ………………
5. Many plans would not work without the help of the community. ………………
6. Pioneers could not have crossed the Rocky Mountains without food or supplies. …………
7. There are not many Rocky Mountain as South Pass, Wyoming. ………………
8. The stories of American pioneers should not be forgotten. ………………

80
9. This hat does not have a ribbon. ………………
10. That small cowboy hat will not fit Mr. Fox’s head. ………………
11. There were not many customers today. ………………
12. The seamstress cannot find her sewing needle. ………………
13. Please do not sit on my hat. ………………
Use a negative to change the meaning of the sentence from positive to negative. Write the
negative sentence on the line below.
1. Anybody in the fifth grade can run for class president.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Roger is running for class president.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Tom has asked Roger if he can be his vice president.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Myung-Yun always likes to help make campaign posters.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Everyone is excited about the school elections this year.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. The class president can do something about all of the issues that bother students.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

Write the negative form of the following sentences.

1. The girl looks cute.
___________________________________________________
2. Dad is leaving his job next month.
___________________________________________________
3. We can do it!
___________________________________________________

81
 4. He has been working on his project for a long time.
___________________________________________________
5. I will be home in an hour.
___________________________________________________
6. They submit their assignments on time.
___________________________________________________
7. I knew about her death from the news.
___________________________________________________

Some words have the same meaning of no. when they come in a sentence, they
change it from a positive sentence to a negative one. These words are: no, no one, nothing,
nowhere, nobody, none, and never.

A. Read the sentences carefully. Then make them negative sentences using the words
no, no one, nothing, nowhere, none, or never.
1. I understood everything from her speech.
___________________________________________________
2. I have idea on what you’re talking about.
___________________________________________________
3. Everyone came to the party.
___________________________________________________
4. I’ll be late.
___________________________________________________
5. I’ll go everywhere.
___________________________________________________
B. Read the following sentences. Work on them and avoid the double negatives.
1. I didn’t see nobody there.
___________________________________________________

82
 2. She can’t never travel alone.
___________________________________________________
3. I won’t see no one there.
___________________________________________________
4. I wouldn’t do nothing by myself.
___________________________________________________
5. I’m not going nowhere.
___________________________________________________

Choose the correct word from parentheses to complete the sentence.

1. There (is, isn’t) no presidential candidate that my parents completely support.

2. That candidate hasn’t said (anything, nothing) about the important issues.

3. He doesn’t support (any, none) of the laws to help the environment.

4. Don’t vote for (anyone, no one) without learning his or her political views.

5. Doesn’t (anybody, nobody) agree with that candidate’s views?

6. Isn’t there (anywhere, nowhere) I can get better information about the candidates?

7. The voters (have, haven’t) no choice but to support the new law.

8. This candidate (has, hasn’t) never been honest with the voters.

Lesson 20

83
84
85
86
Find the 20 capitalization mistakes below.

87
many of john’s friends think he has a boring daily routine, but john likes it. he always gets up

at six o’clock every morning and says, “good morning” to his wife and kids, and after

breakfast he arrives at work around seven-thirty. he works at a small store called supersave

supermarket. it's located in new york. after work, he says, “good-bye” to his boss, mr. smith,

and then goes home. on weekends, he likes to play with his son, thomas, and his daughter,

barbara. maybe john’s routine really is a little boring, but he enjoys it!

Rewrite each title with correct capitalization.

1. the very hungry caterpillar.

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2. goodnight moon

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3. charlotte’s web

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

4. charlie and the chocolate factory

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

5. where the wild things are

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

6. alice’s adventures in wonderland

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

88
Lesson 21

89
Read the given rule then add commas to the following sentences where needed

90
Rule 1: Use a comma to separate the parts of a compound sentence.
1. That wall clock looks expensive but it doesn’t work.
2. The lights went out so the guests had to leave early.
3. The store will have to stay open longer or it will lose money.

Rule 2: Use a comma to set off an introductory clause or phrases or words.

1. When the snow stopped we were able to leave.
2. As the stage curtain rose the audience clapped.
3. Although English is offered only in the mornings you can take chemistry at night.
4. Because I am tired I am going to bed early tonight.
5. Near the end of the driveway we planted a lilac bush.

Rule 3: Use a comma between 3 or more words in a series when no conjunctions have been
used.
1. The woman of the 1990’s often tries to be a wife a mother and a career woman.
2. The police found TV sets blenders and hair dryers in the abandoned car.
3. I will be happy to read your poem comment on it and return it to you.

Rule 4: Use a comma to set off words such as yes, no, well, and however at the beginning of
a sentence.
1. No I don’t want any more ice cream
2. Reluctantly the students left the classroom at the end of the summer.
3. Well what have you been up to?
4. I like tea. Therefore I drink at least three cups every day.
5. Oh I love the mountains in the spring!

91
Lesson 22

92
93
In the following sentences, put quotation marks where they are necessary.

1. Jimmy said, I have to clean my room later.

2. When will you read Edgar Allan Poe's short story The Tell-Tale Heart?

3. Pain is weakness leaving the body, Greg said.

4. Clean your room, said my mom.

5. Cynthia asked, Have you seen the new Sherlock Holmes movie?

6. While running down the street, the man shouted, Get in the van!

7. Where is my dog? asked Brandon.

8. Mrs. Jolly said, We are having a party on Saturday. Hope you can make it!

9. If you go to the store, please buy me some oranges and apples, said Natalie.

10. Oh no! My pen spilled ink all over my shirt! cried David.

11. I cannot believe that you didn’t remember my birthday, said mom

12. Katie said, My brother just threw all of my homework into the sink.

13. Read the book tonight. We can talk about it tomorrow said my friend, Stacy.

94
95