Krish CAD Notes

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Mechanical Engineering:-

The branch of engineering dealing with the machines. It involves the Planning, Design, Analysis,
Manufacturing, Production, Quality and operation of machinery and tools.

Machine:

A device consisting of fixed and moving parts. It reduce human work make human will feel comfort.

Motor:

It converts Electrical Energy into Mechanical Energy.

Engine:

It is a part of a vehicle that provides the power that makes the vehicle move.

Design:
 Creation of a plan (visual)

Drawing:
 Language Between Technical People (IN VISUAL FORM)

Draftsman:
 An Artist who practices or works in technical drawing.

Computer Aided Engineering (CAE):


 Computer Aided Design(CAD)
1. Computer Geometric Modeling
2. Finite Element Analysis
3. Computer Aided Drafting
 Computer Aided Manufacturing(CAM)

CAD:
Acronym word. A CAD system is a combination of hardware and software that enables engineers
and architects to design everything from furniture to airplanes.
List of Software:
Design:

 Autocad
1.Mech
2.Civil
3.Electrical
 Autodesk Inventor
 Pro-E/Creo
 CATIA (Computer Aided Three Dimensional Interactive Application)
 Unigraphics
 Solid Works
 Solid Face
 Solid Edge
 Nastran
 Patran
 I-Deas
 HyperMesh
 Turbo CAD
 Iron CAD
 Brics CAD

Analysis:

 Ansys
 Abaqus
 SIMUFACT
 SIMULIA
 COMSOL MultiPhysics.
Paper Size:
AUTOCAD

 Autocad →Automatic Computer Aided Design


 intro →auto desk company
 Invented Year- 1982
 latest version→2021

Syllabus
 Basics of CAD

 AutoCAD Interface

 Sketch Entities & Sketch Tools

 Drafting Settings

 Creating & Editing Text

 Utility of Commands & Short Cuts

 Design Center & Tool Palettes

 Dimensions , Dimensions Styles & Detailing

 Layers and Object Properties

 Isometric Drawings

 Geometry & Dimensional Constraints

 Projection Views

 Symbols

 Rendering

 3D Modeling.

 3D Sketch and Boolean Operations

 UCS,Solid Editing
Autocad Mouse Terms:-
 Pick Button –Left Click
 Return Button – Right Click
 Scroll Wheel

Main Menu Operations:-


 Drop Down Menu

 Sub Menu

 Right click Menu

AutoCAD Uses, Application and feature:-


 Time save
 Neatness
 Accuracy
 Easy to edit
 Mechanical drawings with symbol and dimensions
 Civil layout drawings
 Electrical and electronic drawings
 Fashion design
 Jewell design
 Mapping Industries
 Automobile
 Aircraft & Aerospace Designers

Start up:-
desktop→ autocad2016→ double click

Or start →all programs→ acad 2013


1) Start from scratch:

 Imperial (Feet and Inches)


 Metric

2) Use a template:

It is opening a ready made drawing file.

3) Use a wizard:

 Advanced setup
 Quick setup

Advanced setup:

 Units
 Angle
 Angle measure
 Angle direction
 Area

Quick setup:

 Units
 Area

How to show the startup dialogue box while opening Autocad?


Command: Startup

Enter the new value for startup : 0 (Off)

: 1 (On)

Clear Screen:
Ctrl+0
 Tools will hide

SCREEN INTERFACE:-
UCS Icon (User Coordinate
System)

(Or) Drawing Area (Or) Document Window (or)

Workspace
1. Title bar→ It shows the application name and drawing name
 Application Menu → It shows the new, open, save, save as ,print options and here we
can see the recent document list
 Quick Access Tool Bar→ It shows the icons of new, open, save, undo, redo, plot.
 Workspace Tool Bar→ Here you can select what kind of view or what kind of
workspace we want we can select it.
Types:-
3D Basics
3D Modeling
AutoCAD Classic
Drafting & Annotation
 Info Center→ Help with the use of internet. Here you can enter keywords to search
Information.

2. Menu bar→ it holds the function that you have been required
3. Standard tool bar → it contains function which are already available in menus
4. Cross hair → it acts like a pencil
5. Scroll bar→ used to move & down (or) left & right in the drawing area
6. Document Window or Drawing Area → Main Area in Black or White color
7. UCS icon →User Co-ordinate System. It shows the direction of X and Y axis
8. Layout Tabs →Model, Layout1, Layout2
9. Command window-> Used to type the command

Functional keys:
F1- help explanation of commands

F2- flip screen toggles from text screen to graphics screen

F3-osnap toggles osnap on and off

F5- isoplane changes the isoplane from top, left , right

F7- grid toggles grid on and off

F8-ortho toggles ortho on and off

F9- snap toggles polar tracking on and off

F10-polar toggle polar tracking on and off

F11-otrack toggles object snap tracking on and off

F12-dyn button on and off


Basic Settings:-

1) Command: UCSICON
: No origin
2) Command: Units-UN
3) Command: Limits
Lower Limit: 0, 0
Upper Limit: 210,297

4) Command: Zoom-Z
: All-A

Ucsicon:
 On -> use to show the ucsicon
 Off -> use to hide the ucsicon
 Origin
 No origin

Units:
 Command: un
 Menu →format →units
 It is used to change the units feet, millimeters and kilometers
Unit Conversion:

 1 feet = 12 inch
 1 feet = 30 cm =300mm
 1cm= 10 mm
 100cm= 1000mm=1m

Note:

 If in the drawing they are using meter as a unit means it will having point value like
0.3, 2.5
 Feet and inches means (‘ “) this symbol will be used
 Mm means the value will be high. In Mechanical field mostly they will use only mm.
In every diagram we can see that “All Dimensions are in mm”

Object snap: (osnap)


Short key: f3 (on/off)

1 .End point:

2. mid-point:

3. nearest point:

4 .Centre point:
5 . Perpendicular point:

6 .parallel point:

7 .intersection point:

8 .extension point:
9 .quardant point:

10 .Tangent point:

Note:

If you cant show any osnap points after press f3 we should go for drafting setting
Command :OS
One dialog box will open select object snap click the option what are all you want.
# Draw Tool Bar:-

1) Line:
It connect the points.

Command : L or Line

Menu →draw→ line

Draw tool bar : 1st icon

# Properties Tool Bar:-

Line Color:
It is used to change the color of object

Properties tool bar: 1st tab

Command: col

Line type :
 It is used to change the line type

Command: LT
 Properties tool bar:2nd tab
 Select the line tab then click other
 Again one pop window open click load
 Select any one type then click ok

Line type scale change:


Command: LTS

> We can change line scale by increasing the value and make it visible as we need.

Line weight :
 It is used to change the line width

Command: LW

 When the show hide line weight ‘on’ the line width display
Undo:
It is used to show the previous function.

 Command : undo (or) u


 Short key : ctrl + z

Close:
 Command : c
 In line command after specificy the three points if we want to close the object then we have
to type c in the command window .

Redo:
 It is working to opposite for undo
 Short key : ctrl + y

Save:
It is used to save the drawing file

 Short key : ctrl + s


 menu→ file→ save

Save as:
It is used to save the drawing file in another format.

 Short key : ctrl +shift +s


 menu→ file→ save as
Co-ordinate system:
 Absolute co-ordinate system
 Relative co-ordinate system
 Polar co-ordinate system

Absolute co-ordinate system

 Draw the square in absolute method.

Notes:

 Command: l or LINE
 Specify first point: 20,20
 Specify next point or [Undo]: 50,20
 Specify next point or [Undo]: 50,50
 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 20,50
 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 20,20

Relative co-ordinate method:

 Command: _line
 Specify first point: 20,20
 Specify next point or [Undo]: @100,0
 Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,100
 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-100,0
 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,-100
Polar co-ordinate system:

 Command: LINE
 Specify first point: 20,20
 Specify next point or [Undo]: @150<0
 Specify next point or [Undo]: @150<90
 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @150<180
 Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @150<270
How to make Angle lines?
Method 1:

Method 2:
On F12 ->Type Length value then press tab key to type angle value
2) Construction line:
It doesn’t have a start point and end point

Command : xl

Menu →draw→ Construction line

Draw tool bar : 2nd icon

Repeat Last Command:

 Enter
 Space Bar
 Ctrl+j
 Right Click -> Repeat
 Upper Arrow (In that we can get command which are used previously by pressing
continuously)

3) Polyline :
Here we can draw continuous line and arc. For line press L and to change arc press A
While using polyline command it will be in one object.

Command: pl or pline

Menu →draw→ polyline

Draw tool bar: 3rd icon


4) Polygon:
 3-1024 sides

Command : pol or polygon

Menu →draw→ polygon

Draw tool bar : 4th icon

 Command: _polygon
 Enter number of sides <6>: 6
 Specify center of polygon or [Edge]:
 Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>: i
 Specify radius of circle: 50
Polygon types:

 Inscribed
 Circum scribed

Inscribed:

If you used inscribed method before create a value circle.

 Command: _polygon
 Enter number of sides <6>: 6
 Specify center of polygon or [Edge]:
 Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>:
 Specify radius of circle: 50

Circumscribed:

 Command: pol
 Enter number of sides <6>:
 Specify center of polygon or [Edge]:
 Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle
 Specify radius of circle: 50

5) Rectangle:
Command : rec (or) rectangle
Menu →draw → rectangle

Draw tool bar: 5th icon

Rectangle by 2 points

 Command: _rec
 Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:first corner
 Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]:Second corner

Rectangle by changing the line width

 Command: _rec
 Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: W
 Specify line width for rectangles <0.0000>: 10

Rectangle by using Dimensions

 Command: _rec
 Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
 Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: D
 Specify length for rectangles <100.0000>:
 Specify width for rectangles <50.0000>:

Rectangle by using Area

 Command: _rec
 Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:
 Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: A
 Enter the area of the rectangle in current unit<500>:500
 Calculate rectangle dimensions based on length/width: L
 Enter the rectangle length: 100
Rectangle by using Rotation:

 Command: _rec
 Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:1st point
 Specify other corner point or [Area/Dimensions/Rotation]: R
 Specify the rotation angle: 60
 Specify the other corner point:2nd point

6) Arc:
Used to create semicircular arc (or) parabolic arc

 Command: a(or)arc
 Menu→ Draw→ Arc
 Draw tool bar:6th icon

 SP→ Start point


 EP→ End point
 CP→ Center point
 CL→ Chord length
 IA→ Included Angle
 EA→ Excluded Angle

There are 11 methods in Arc

 3 point
 Start, center,End
 Start,center,Angle
 Start,Center,Length
 Start,End,Angle
 Start,End,Direction
 Start,End,Radius
 Center,Start,End
 Center,Start,Angle
 Center,Start.Length
 Continuez

1. 3Points
 Command: Arc (or)A
 Specify start point of arc (or)[center/End] :P1
 Specify second point of arc (or) [Center/End] :P2
 Specify second point of arc :P3

2.Start,Center,End:

 Commend: Arc (or)A


 Specify start point of arc (or)[Center/End]:P1
 Specify second point of arc (or)[Center/End]:C
 Specify center point of arc :P2
 Specify End point (or)[Angle/chord length]:P3

3.Start,Center Angle:

 Commend:Arc (or)A
 Specify start point of arc (or)[Center/End]:P1
 Specify second point of arc (or)[Center/End]:C
 Specify center point aec :P2
 Specify end point of arc (or)[Angle/Chord length]:a
 Specify included angle :60
4.Start,Center,Length

 Commend:Arc (or)A
 Specify start point of Arc(or)[Center/End]:P1
 Specify second point of Arc (or)[Center/End]:C
 Specify Center point of Arc (or)[Center/End]:P2
 Specify End point of Arc (or)[Angle/Chord length]:L
 Specify the length of the Arc:20

5.Start,End,Angle:

 Commend:Arc (or)A
 Specify start point of Arc (or)[Center/End]:P1
 Specify second point of Arc (or) [Center/End] :E
 Specify End point of Arc (or) [Center/End] :P2
 Specify Center point of Arc [Angle/Direction/Radius]:A
 Specify Included Angle:60

6.Start,End Direction:
 Commend:Arc (or) A
 Specify start point of Arc:P1
 Specify second point of Arc:P1
 Specify second point of Arc(or)[Center(or)End]:E
 Specify End point of Arc (or)[Center (or)End]:P2
 Specify center point of Arc[Angle/Direction/Radius];D
 Specify the Direction of the Arc:P3

7.Start,End,Radius:

 Commend:Arc (or)A
 Specify the start point of Arc:P1
 Specify second point of[Center/End]:E
 Specify End point of Arc:P2
 Specify center point of Arc[Angle/Direction/Radiud]:R
 Specify of the Arc:50

8.Continues:

 Draw→ Arc→ Continue


Note:
 It automatically catches the previous end point as the current start point.
How to get tool bars on the screen?
 Right click on the standard tool bar ( Anywhere )
 Select AutoCAD
 Then it will show the list. In that what ever we need just click that,
automatically that particular bar will come to screen.

How to change the color of window screen?


 Command: options or op
 Then options dialog box will open
 Then in that select colors
 Choose color
 Apply
 Ok

7) Circle:
Used to draw a circle.

 Command : c
 Menu →draw →circle
 Draw tool bar : 7th icon

Methods to draw a circle:

 Center radius
 Center diameter
 2points method
 3points method
 Tan tan radius method
 Tan tan tan

Center radius:

 Command: circle
 Specify the center point of circle
 Then specify the radius

Center Diameter:
 Commend :Circle (or)c
 Specify the center point of Circle (or)(2p/3p/Tan Tan Radius)
 Specify the radius of circle (or) (Diameter): D
 Specify the radius of circle (or)(Diameter): 50

2 Points method:

 Command: Circle (or) c


 Specify the center point of circle (or) (2p/3p/TTR): 2p
 Specify first end point of circle : P1
 Specify second end point of circle: P2

3 Points method

 Commend: Circle (or) C


 Specify centre point of circle (or)(2p/3p/TTR): 3P
 Specify first end point of circle : P1
 Specify second end point of circle: P2
 Specify third end point of circle: P3
Tan Tan Radius: (TTR)

 Commend: Circle (or) C


 Specify center point of circle(or) [2p/3p/tr]: t
 Specify point on object for first tangent of circle : P1
 Specify point on object for second tangent of circle :P2
 Specify radius of circle: 20

Tan Tan Tan (Three tan)

 To select→ Go to Draw menu→ circle→ TTT


 Command: _circle
 Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tanradius)]: _3p
 Specify first point on circle: _tan to
 Specify second point on circle: _tan to
 Specify third point on circle: _tan to
8) Revision cloud :

 Command : revcloud
 Modify tool bar :8th icon
 Menu → draw→ revcloud

Revcloud style :

 Normal
 Calligraphy

Normal

Calligraphy:
Revcloud object :

 Command: REVCLOUD
 Minimum arc length: 15 Maximum arc length: 15 Style: Normal
 Specify start point or [Arc length/Object/Style] <Object>: o
 Select object:
 Reverse direction [Yes/No] <No>:
 Revision cloud finished.

9) Spline:
Command : spl or spline

Menu →draw→ spline

Draw tool bar : 9thi icon

How to show/hide the command window ?


 Ctrl+9

10) ELLIPSE:
Used to create a circle with 2 different axis.

Command : Ellipse (or) El

Menu → Draw →Ellipse

Draw toolbar→10th icon

 EP→ End point


 CP→ Center point
 OAD→ Other Axis Distance

There are three method in Ellipse

 Axis, End
 Center
 Elliptical arc

Axis End:

Center Axis:

11) Ellipse arc:


Draw the ellipse then select the start angle and end angle

12) Insert Block:


It is used to insert the block

Command: insert or i

Menu →insert→ block

Draw tool bar: 12th icon

 It opens one dialog box


 Choose your block name from the list
 Then click ok
 Then specify the insertion point on the screen
 Then place it where you want

13) Make Block :


Command: block or b

menu→ draw→ block→ make

draw tool bar : 13th icon

 it is open one dialog box


 enter the name of the block
 then select the object
 then select the pick point
 then click ok
Block Edit:

Command: BE

 Then we can edit block and click close Block Editer


 We can do edit by double click on the block which we have created.

14) Point :
It is used create a point.

Command: point or po

Menu →draw → point

Draw tool bar: 14th icon

Point style:

Command: ddptype

Menu →format → point style

 A dialog box open


 Select any one type then click ok
15) Hatch:
Command: hatch or h

Draw tool bar: 15th icon

Menu →draw →hatch

 Command: hatch
 A dialog box open
 Choose a hatch pattern. any one type select then click ok
 Then click add pick points then select the hatch section
 Then click preview if any changes modification

Hatch types:

 Normal
 Outer
 Ignore

Note:-If the types of hatch is not visible means we have to go for dialog box(bottom) in that one
arrow mark icon will be there just click on it.
Normal : outer :

Ignore:

16) Gradient :
-It is used to apply the color

Command: gradient or gd

Draw tool bar: 16th icon

Menu →draw →gradient

 Command: gd
 A dialog box open
 Select one color or two color
 Browse the color .then shade adjust the color
 Then click add pick points select the gradient place
 Then click preview if any changes modify it

It has also three types

 Normal
 Outer
 Ignore

17) Region:
-This command is used to create a region that means convert different object into one
single object.

Command: reg

Draw tool bar: 17th icon

Menu →draw →Region

18) Table:
-It is used to create the table .

Command: table or tb

Draw tool bar: 18th icon

Menu → draw → table

Table types:

 Specify the insertion point


 Specify the window

Specify the insertion point:

 Command :table
 Set specify the insertion point
 Enter the row and column
 Then edit the column width and row height
 Then click ok where you want place it

Specify the window:

 Command : table
 Set specify the window
 Enter the number of column and row height
 Then click ok .then where you want place it
 The number of row increase or decrease automatically

Table style :

 Click table style dialog box


 A dialog box open. Click modify
 Cell types set data, title or header
 If set data choose general tab change the fill color format and alignment
 Then choose text tab change the text color , text height and text size
 Then choose the borders tab change the border line color ,L type and width
 Above method used change the another cells title and header
19) Text:
Types of text:

 Single line text

Command: DT

 Multiline text

Command: T (or) MT

Types:

Align TR→ top right

Fit ML→ middle left

Center MC→ middle center

Middle MR→ middle right

Right BL→ bottom left

TL→ top left BC→ bottom center

TC→ top center BR→ bottom right

Single Line text :

Command: DT

TEXT

Current text style: "Standard" Text height: 2.5000 Annotative: No


Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]:

Specify height <2.5000>: 3

Specify rotation angle of text <0>: 0

Enter text: autocad

Edit Text Style in Single line Text:


Command: ST

Text Symbol:
 %%C - ᶲ {Phi}
 %%D- º {Degree}
 %%P- ± {Plus or Minus}
 %%O- Over line (Before start a word you have to type ,in single line text)
 %%U- Underline (Before start a word you have to type,in single line text)
Go For MText -->> Right Click-->> Symbol -->>List of Symbols
Multiline text :

Command: t

Menu →draw→ text

Draw tool bar: 19th icon

Formatting tool bar:

Show/hide tool bar text style

Columns mtext justification

Paragraph alignments
Bullets and numbering insert field

Change case symbols

Oblique angle tracking

Width

20) Add Selected:

 Starts a draw command based on the object type of the selected.


 It is used to copy One object L type ,L width, color change to another object .

Modify tool Bar:

1) Erase:
 Command : Erase (or) e
 Modify tool bar :1st icon
 Menu →modify→ Erase
Remove:
We can deselect the objects which we have selected for Erase by pressing R.
 Command : Erase (or) e
 Select the objects
 Command :R
 Select the deselect objects
 Enter

2) Copy:
 Command : copy (or) co (or) cp
 Modify tool bar :2nd icon
 Menu → modify→ copy
3) Mirror :
 Command : mirror (or) mi
 Modify tool bar : 3rd icon
 Menu → modify→ mirror

 Command: mi or MIRROR
 Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 3 found
 Specify first point of mirror line:
 Specify second point of mirror line:
 Erase source objects? [Yes/No] <N>:

4) Offset :
 Command : offset (or) o
 Modify tool bar : 4th icon
 Menu → modify→ offset

 Command: o or OFFSET
 Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] <5.0000>: 5
 Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>:
 Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] <Exit>:
 Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>:
5) Array:
 Command : array (or) ar
 Modify tool bar :5th icon
 Menu → modify→ array

Array types :

 Rectangular array
 Polar array
 Path Array

Rectangular array :

 Command : array
 Set rectangular array
 Enter the number of row and column
 Enter the row and column offset
 Then click select the object
 Then set angle of array

Polar array :
 Command : array
 Set polor array
 Enter the number of items
 Click pick center point. Then specify the center point
Path Array:

6) Move:
 Command : move (or) m
 Modify tool bar :6th icon
 Menu →modify→move

7) Rotate :
 Command : rotate (or) ro
 Modify tool bar : 7th icon
 Menu → modify→ rotate

 Command: ro or ROTATE
 Current positive angle in UCS: ANGDIR=counterclockwise ANGBASE=0
 Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 1 found
 Select objects:
 Specify base point:
 Specify rotation angle or [Copy/Reference] <0>: 45

8) Scale:
 Command : scale (or) sc
 Modify tool bar : 8th icon
 Menu → modify→ scale
 Command: sc or SCALE
 Select objects:
 Specify base point:
 Specify scale factor or [Copy/Reference] <1.0000>: 3

Scale types :

 Copy
 Reference

Copy:

After scale, before object and after object will be shown in the screen.

Reference:

Specify length in scale is called reference.


9) Stretch:
 Command : stretch (or) s
 Modify tool bar : 9th icon
 Menu → modify→ stretch

10) Trim:
 Command : trim (or) tr -> double enter
 Modify tool bar : 10th icon
 Menu → modify→ trim

11) Extend :
 Command : extend (or) ex -> double enter
 Modify tool bar : 11th icon
 Menu → modify→ extend

 Command: EX
 Select objects or <select all>: Select the whole object
 Select object to extend or shift-select to trim : Select the line
12) Break at Point :
Breaks the selected object at single point.

 Modify tool bar : 12th icon


 Draw the line
 Select the break at point
 Select the object(line)
 Then select where you want to break the line. Now the single line is splited into 2 objects.

13) Break :

 Command : break (or) br


 Modify tool bar : 13th icon
 Menu → modify→ break

 Command: br or BREAK
 Select object:
 Specify second break point or [First point]:

14) Joint:
 Command : join (or) j
 Modify tool bar : 14th icon
 Menu → modify→ join

 Command: j
 Select lines to join to source: 1 found
 Select lines to join to source:
 1 line joined to source
15) Chamfer:

 Command :chamfer or cha


 Menu →modify→ chamfer
 Modify toolbar : 15th icon

 Command: cha or CHAMFER


 Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple]: d
 Specify first chamfer distance <0.0000>: 15
 Specify second chamfer distance <15.0000>: 15
 Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple]: m
 Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/mEthod/Multiple]:

Note:

In chamfer we have a option that is Polyline by using this we can chamfer 4 edges at one time as
shown in figure.

16) Fillet :
 Command : fillet or f
 Menu →modify→ fillet
 Modify toolbar : 16th icon

 Command: F or FILLET
 Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0.0000
 Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: R
 Specify fillet radius <0.0000>: 20

Note:

In fillet we have a option that is Polyline by using this we can fillet 4 edges at one time as shown in
figure.

17) Blend curves:


- Creates a tangent or smooth spline between the end points of two open curves

18) Explode :
Breaks a compound object into component objects
 Command : explode or X
 Menu →modify→ explode
 Modify toolbar : 18th icon

Other Commands:
Solid:
 Command: SO
 Specify first point:
 Specify second point:
 Specify third point:
 Specify fourth point or <exit>

Donut:
 Command : do
 Menu → draw→ donut

 Command: _donut
 Specify inside diameter of donut <10.0000>: 10
 Specify outside diameter of donut <20.0000>: 30
Point with filled solid:-
 Command: _donut
 Specify inside diameter of donut <10.0000>: 0
 Specify outside diameter of donut <20.0000>: 30

Fill:
 Command : fill
 fill Enter mode [ON/OFF] <ON>: off

Regenerating model:
Command: re

REGEN -Regenerating model.

Id :
Command : id

id Specify point:

Menu →tools →inquiry →id

It is used to measure the x , y values in the drawing .the values are shown in the command
window.

X = 914.2541 Y = 252.2568 Z = 0.0000

List :
 Command : li
 Menu →tools →inquiry →list

 Command: _list
 Select objects: 1 found
 Select objects: LWPOLYLINE Layer: "0"
 Space: Model space
 LineWeight: 0.40 mm Handle = 85 Closed
 Constant width 0.0000 area 5174.416 perimeter 292.0110
 at point X= 292.4121 Y= 214.2437 Z= 0.0000
 at point X= 377.8642 Y= 214.2437 Z= 0.0000
 at point X= 377.8642 Y= 153.6903 Z= 0.0000
 at point X= 292.4121 Y= 153.6903 Z= 0.0000

Area :
 Command : aa
 Menu →tools →inquiry →area

 Command: _MEASUREGEOM
 Enter an option [Distance/Radius/Angle/ARea/Volume] <Distance>: _area
 Specify first corner point or [Object/Add area/Subtract area/eXit] <Object>:
 Specify next point or [Arc/Length/Undo]:
 Specify next point or [Arc/Length/Undo]:
 Specify next point or [Arc/Length/Undo/Total] <Total>:
 Specify next point or [Arc/Length/Undo/Total] <Total>:
 Specify next point or [Arc/Length/Undo/Total] <Total>:
 Area = 5174.4163, Perimeter = 292.0110

Pan :
 The normal cross hair cursor will change into hand cursor
 Command: P
Types:
 Left
 Right
 Up
 Down

Match properties :
 It is used to observe One object L type ,L width,L color to another object .

Command: MA or MATCHPROP

Select source object:

Current active settings: Color Layer LtypeLtscaleLineweight Thickness

PlotStyle Dim Text Hatch Polyline Viewport Table Material Shadow display

Steering wheel:
 Many options in single tool that is steering wheel.

Command : navswheel

 Zoom
 Orbit
 Pan
 Rewind
 Walk
 Look
 Up
 Down
Wipe out:
It is used to wipe out object

 Command: wi or wipeout
 Specify first point or [Frames/Polyline] <Polyline>:
 Specify next point:
 Specify next point or [Undo]:

 Command: WIPEOUT
 Specify first point or [Frames/Polyline] <Polyline>: f
 Enter mode [ON/OFF] <ON>: OFF
 Specify first point or [Frames/Polyline] <Polyline>:

Isolate:
 We can hide the whole drawing except the one which we have selected
 Right click on the Drawing area we can get isolate -> isolate object click it.
 Now we can select the object which we don’t want to hide.

Hide Object:
 We can hide the drawing which we have selected

End Object Isolation:


 We can UnHide the drawing which has done by Isolation and Hide Object.

Ray:
 Command : ray
 Menu →draw→ ray

It have only start point not a end point

Multiline :
Command: ml or MLINE

Current settings: Justification = Top, Scale = 20.00, Style = STANDARD

Specify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]:

Specify next point: <Ortho on>


Multiline style:

Command: mlstyle

Multiline edit:
Command: mledit

Select first mline:

Select second mline:

Classification of Drawing:-
 Machine Drawing

 Production Drawing

 Part Drawing

 Assembly Drawing

# Design Assembly Drawing


# Detailed Assembly Drawing
# Sub Assembly Drawing
Machine Drawing:
-It is pertaining to machine parts or components
Isometric :
 It is a 2d drawing but the view is 3d .
 A view in which all three axis appear at equal 1200 angles with the plane of projection

Isometric Planes:

 Left isoplane { 1500 X axis, 900 Y axis }


 Right Isoplane { 300 X axis, 900 Y axis }
 Top Isoplane { 1500 X axis, 300 Y axis }

Command: snap

Specify snap spacing or [ON/OFF/Aspect/Style/Type] <10.0000>: s

Enter snap grid style [Standard/Isometric] <S>: i


Specify vertical spacing <10.0000>:

or

choose snap then right click set isometric snap.


Isocircle:.
For isometric drawing to draw circle we have to draw ellipse only.

Command: el

Spe. [Arc/ Isocircle]: i

Layer :
Layer tool bar:

It used used to change the color ,Ltype, L width in stored in layer tool bar.

Click the layer properties manager

 A dialog box open


 Create a new layer
 if any layer you not need select that layer click delete
 How many layers you need create it
 Change the color , Ltype , Lwidth in all layers
 Then create some drawings or object in that layers

Bulb :

 After create the drawing turn off the bulb in particular layer .
 Bulb on layer drawing only display
 But bulb off layer is used to create the drawing after create turn on the drawings all display

Freeze :

 After create the drawing turn off the freeze in particular layer .
 Then select the freeze off layer to create a drawing but it cannot select to create a drawing
 Freeze on layer only select to create the drawing

Lock :

 Lock the particular layers


 That layer object not deleted
 Unlock layer object only deleted

Lengthen:
Delta :

Command: LEN (or) LENGTHEN

Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: DE

Enter delta length or [Angle] <50.0000>: 50


Percent:

Command: lengthen

Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: p

Enter percentage length <100.0000>: 33

Total:

Command: LENGTHEN

Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: t

Specify total length or [Angle] <30.0000)>: 44

Dynamic:

Command: LENGTHEN

Select an object or [DElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic]: dy

Select an object to change or [Undo]:

Select an object to change or [Undo]:

Specify new end point:

Select an object to change or [Undo]:


Dimensioning:
It is the process of adding measurement annotation to a drawing.

Dimlinear:

 Menu →dimension→ linear


 Cmd: dli
 It is used to measure the length at point by point

Dimaligned:

Menu →dimension→ aligned

It is used measure the length at crossed line

 Command: dal
 Specify first extension line origin or <select object>:
 Specify second extension line origin:
 Specify dimension line location or[Mtext/Text/Angle]:
 Dimension text = 41.89

Dim radius:

Menu →dimension→ radius

 Command: dra
 Select arc or circle:
 Dimension text = 11.85
Dim diameter:

Menu →dimension→ diameter

 Command: ddi
 Select arc or circle:
 Dimension text = 23.71
 Specify dimension line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle]:

Dim center:

Menu →dimension→center

 Command: dce
 Select arc or circle:

Dim base:

Menu →dimension→dimbase

 Command: dba
 Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] <Select>:
 Dimension text = 25.35
 Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] <Select>:
 Dimension text = 44.42
 Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] <Select>:
 Dimension text = 60.82

Dim continue:

Menu →dimension→continue

 Command: dco
 Select continued dimension:
 Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] <Select>:
 Dimension text = 18.05
 Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] <Select>:
 Dimension text = 19.07
 Specify a second extension line origin or [Undo/Select] <Select>:
 Dimension text = 16.4

Dim arc:

Menu →dimension→dimarc

 Command: DIMARC or dar


 Select arc or polyline arc segment:
 Specify arc length dimension location, or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Partial/Leader]:
 Dimension text = 41.55
Dim angular:

Menu →dimension→angular

 Command: _dimangular or dan


 Select arc, circle, line, or <specify vertex>:
 Select second line:
 Specify dimension arc line location or [Mtext/Text/Angle/Quadrant]:
 Dimension text = 49

Dimordinate :

Menu →dimension→ ordinate

 Command: DIMORDINATE or dor


 Specify feature location:
 Non-associative dimension created.
 Specify leader endpoint or [Xdatum/Ydatum/Mtext/Text/Angle]:
 Dimension text = 37.34

Dim jogged:

Menu →dimension→ jogged

 Command: _dimjogged
 Select arc or circle:
 Specify center location override:
 Dimension text = 50
Dim jogged line:

Menu →dimension→ jogged linear

 Command: _DIMJOGLINE
 Select dimension to add jog or [Remove]:
 Specify jog location (or press ENTER):

Dim space:

Menu →dimension→dimension space

 Command: _DIMSPACE
 Select base dimension:
 Select dimensions to space:1 found
 Select dimensions to space:1 found, 2 total
 Select dimensions to space:1 found, 3 total
 Select dimensions to space:
 Enter value or [Auto] <Auto>: 20

Dim break :

Menu →dimension→dim break

 Command: _DIMBREAK
 Select dimension to add/remove break or [Multiple]:
 Select object to break dimension or [Auto/Manual/Remove] <Auto>:
 Select object to break dimension:
 1 object modified

Dimension Edit:

Command: DDEdit
 We can edit the dimension value by this command
 We can do this by double click on the text dimensions also

How to get back the Edited Dimensions back into original dimension?

Dimension style:

Menu →dimension →dimension style

Cmd:d

 A dialog box open


 Choose the primary units tab change the units
 Choose the lines tab change the line type, width and color
 Choose the symbol and arrow size tab change the arrow size
 Choose the text tab change the text height, font and color
 Then click apply,set current ok

Group:
Command: group or g

It is used to convert number of object is to A single object

 Command: group
 A dialog box open or in command bar give a name for group
 Then select the group object →enter
 Then add to group object click add
 Group has been created.

Ctrl+H  Turns a group on or off

Script:
A sequence of step is called script

1st method:

Step:1

 Create your drawing.


 Then save it one location

Step2:

Then make side using.

Command:mslide

 Save the position in the same location in a slide file format.

Command:move

 Then change the position using move command


 Then change the position and repeat the above steps
Step3:

Command : notepad

File to edit→ enter

 Vslide pos1
 Delay 200
 Vslide pos2
 Delay 200
 Vslide pos3
 Delay 200
 Vslide pos4
 Delay 200
 rscript

Save the file in same location in a script format

For example: j.scr here j-is the file name

Note:

Mslide – make slide

Vslide – visible slide

Rscript- repeat the script

Delay- time interval in milli seconds

Step4:

Command: script or scr

It opens script dialog box choose your file then click open

Note: press esc to stop the animation

Method 2nd :

Create your drawing in coordinate method.

 Command: l
 50,50
 @100,0
 @0,50
 @-100,0
 @0,-50

Command : notepad
File to edit→ enter
 Move
 L
 E
 50,50
 @100,0
 Delay 200
 Move
 L
 E
 @100,0
 @0,50
 Delay 200
 Move
 L
 E
 @0,50
 @-100,0
 Delay 200
 Move
 L
 E
 @-100,0
 @0,-50
 Delay 200
 Rscript

Command: scr

Rotating script 3rd method:

Create a drawing
Command : notepad

File to edit→enter

 Rotate
 All
 E
 50,50
 -5
 Delay 200
 Rscript

Fill 4th method:

Create a drawing in acad

Command: notepad

 Fill
 Off
 Delay 200
 Regen
 Delay 200
 Fill
 On
 Delay 200
 Regen
 Delay 200
 Rscript
Save notepad in .scr format
Command: scr
xref:
command: xref

it is used to attach the drawing

xattach:
command : xattach

it is used to attach the image

View:
Command : view or v

 View manager dialog box will open.Here you can see the view details.

View ports:
 Here you can edit the Draw Area into 2,3,4 like whatever we want

Plot:
Command: plot

 Paper size, Number of Copies, Plot Area, Fit to Paper,


 Print

Orthographic Projections:
It is a graphical method used in modern engineering drawing.
Types:

 1st Angle Projections


 3rd Angle Projection
GD&T:-
-Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing.
How to lock Screen Interface or Arrangements:
 After arranging everything go to the status bar
 In right corner there will be one icon like lock . select it
 In that docked toolbars/panels options will be there select it
 ok

Tolerance:-
Command: Tolerance

Menu →dimension→ Tolerance

Then dialogue Box will open

Type the data

Ok

Tolerance Types:
BILATERAL TOLERANCE :

It is a way to express tolerance by using both minus and plus variations


from a given size.

Example;

inch.
The limit dimensions are 1.120-1.130 inch.

UNILATERAL TOLERANCE:

It is a way to express tolerance by using only minus or plus variation from


a given size.
Example

inch.
As you can see the first case uses a minus variation
Ribbon:-
It will provide a compact paletts of all of the tools necessary to create your drawing.

 Command: ribbon
 menu→ Tools → Palettes→ Ribbon
Then we will get our ribbon bar below the title bar below the title bar
 Command: ribbonclose
To close the ribbon bar

How to insert the symbols in the workspace:


 Ctrl+3 –Tool Palettes dialog box will open
-Here symbols related to the department is available. We can choose whatever we want and
we can place it where we want.
 Ctrl+2 – Dialog box will open in that Design center Folder will be there
-Here symbols related to the department is available. We can choose whatever we want and
we can place it where we want.

Calculate:
Used to do arithmetic expression

 Command: Cal
: 25+50 :75
 Ctrl+8 – Shortcut key

Properties:
Controls properties of existing objects
 Command: Properties
 menu→ Modify → Properties
 Dialog box will open. Here we can change whatever we need.
 Ctrl+1 –Shortcut Key

Time:
Displays the data and time statistics of drawing.

 Command: Time
 menu→ Tolls→ Inquiry →Time

Spell:
Checks spelling in a drawing.

 Command: spell
 Then one dialog box will open
 Start
 If we want change then change
 Or else ignore

Find:
Finds the text that you specify and can optionally replace it with other text.

 Command: Find
 menu→ Edit→ Find
 Dialog box will open
 Find What -------------
 Replace with -------------
 Replace

DBLIST:
Lists database information for each object in the drawing

 Command: dblist
 Enter

Sketching:
Creates a series of freehand line segments

 Command: Sketch
 Specify the start point: Start any point and keep on draw
Grid Display:
In Status bar Gird display one icon will be there if we click that then grid will be visible.

 Command: Grid
 Gird Spacing: 10
 Short Cut Key: F7

How to show or hide Menu bar?


In workspace tool bar we have to select customize quick access tool bar then select show menu
bar.

Exit:
Exits Autocad

 Command: Exit
 menu→ File → Exit

Status:
Used to know the status of the drawing.

 Command: Status
 Tools→ Inquiry → status

How to convert Autocad file into image file [JPG]:


 Command: JPGout
 Dialog box will open
 Save the file name
 Select the window what we need

Attributes:
Command: attdef

menu→ draw→ block→ difine attributes

it open 0ne dialog box

enter the attributes and its value with its mode

then click ok

specify the insertion point on the screen and place it


for example window creation

Command: attdef

it open 0ne dialog box

Tag Prompt Default


Part name Enter the part name Window
Size Enter the size of the window 6*6
Material Enter the material name Wood
Rate Enter the rate of the window 2000

Block:
Command: Block

Select the Whole object.

Attdia:

Command: attdia

Enter a new value for attdia : 0 (or)1

O →questions asked in the command prompt while inserting the block

1 →quatation asked in the dialog box format while inserting block

If the attdia value is 0 then only we can work the verify mode .it is no working in 0 mode

Attdisp:

Command: attdisp

Enter the attribute visibilities setting normal, on or off

Normal: it is used to display the attributes in which mode you have already created

On:it is used to on all the attributes

Off: it is used to off all the attributes


AUTOCAD 3D
Introduction:

3D means 3 dimensions drawing. 3dimension means


length,width & depth. A 3d model is worth a thousand 2d drawing

Here the axis working in the method of right hand rule

Required Tool Bars:

 Visual style
 Modeling
 solid editing
 View
 Origin

Types 3d models

 wire frame
 surface model
 solid model

Workspace setting:

 Command: vs current
 Enter an option: (3d wire frame,3d hidden line,2d wire frame,
realistic, wneeptual, other): Realistic

Modeling Tool bar:

Poly solid:

 Used to create a 3d wall like poly solid


 Command: poly solid (or) psolid
 Menu→Draw→Modeling→Poly solid
 Modeling tool bar:1st icon

Box:

 It is used to create a solid box.


 Command: Box
 menu→ Draw→ modeling→ Box
 modeling tool bar, 2nd icon

Wedge:

 It is used to create a 3d solid with sloped fare tapeling 2 alons x axis


 Command: wedge(or) we
 Menu→ Draw→ Modelingwedge(or)
 Modeling tool bar:3rd icon

Cone:
It is used to create a 3d solid cone

 Command: cone
 Menu→Draw→Modeling→ Cone
 Modeling tool bar: 4th icon

Sphere:

 It is used to create a sphere


 Command: sphere
 Menu→Draw→Modeling→sphere
 Modeling tool bar:5th icon

Cylinder:

 It is used to create a solid cylinder


 Command: cylinder(or)cyl(or)
 Menu→ Draw→ Modeling→ Cylinder
 Modeling tool bar:6th icon
Torus:

A torus is defined by two radius Values one for the tube and the
other from the center of the torus to the center of the tube

 Command: Torus (or) Tor (or)


 Menu→ Draw→ Modeling → Torus (OR)
 Modeling tool bar: 7th icon

Pyramid:

It is used to create a solid pyramid

 Command: Pyramid (or)pyr (or)


 Menu→ Draw→ Modeling→ Pyramid
 Modeling tool bar:8th icon

Planer surface:

It is used to create a surface

Menu→ Draw→ Modeling→ Planner surface

Command: plan surface

Modeling tool bar:8th icon


Helix:

It is used to create a 2d spiral or 3d spring

 Command: Helix
 Menu→ Draw→ Modeling→ helix
 Modeling tool bar:9th icon

Twist option in helix:

 Cw→ clock wise


 clw→ counter clock wise

Press pull:

It is used to press or pull bounded area

Command: presspull

Short key: ctrl +alt

Modeling tool bar 12th icon

Sweep:

It is used to create a 3d solid or surface by sweeping a 2d object


alongs path

 Commend:sweep
 Menu→Draw→Modeling→sweep

Modeling tool bae:13 th icon

Extrude:

It is used to create solids adding thickness to an object along a path or


you can specify a height value .

Command: Extrude (or) Ext

Menu→ Draw→ Modeling→ Extrude

Modeling tool bar: 11th icon

 Extrude
 Select a object
 Specify height & taper angle

Union:

Combine the two object into one.

Command: Union (or) Uni

Menu→ Modify→ Solid editing→ Union

Modeling tool bar 16 th icon


Subract:

It is used to create a composite solid subtraction

Command: subtract (or)su

 Menu→ Modify →solid editing→ subtract


 Modeling tool bar: 17th icon

Intersect:

Intersect creates composite solid by removing area outside the inter


section

Command: Intersect (or) In

 Menu→ Modify→ solid editing→ intersect


 Modeling tool bar 18th icon
Revolve:

It is used to revolve selected object based on the axis line

 Command: Revolve (or)Rev


 Menu→ Draw→ Modeling→ Revolve
 Modeling tool bar:14th icon

3D Move:

Display the move grap tool in a3d view and moves object a specified
distance in a specified direction

 Command: 3d move (or)3m


 Menu→Modify→3d operation→3d move
 Modeling tool bar 19th icon

3D Rotate:

Display the rotate grip tool in a 3d view and revolves object around the
base point

 Commend:3d rotate (OR)3R


 Menu→Modify→3d operation→3d rotate
 Modeling tool bar: 20th icon
3D Chamfer:

Menu→ Modeify→ Chamfer

3D Fillet:

Menu→ Modeify→ Fillet

Mirror 3d:

Create a mirrored copy of selected object

 Command: 3d mirror (or)mirror 3d


 Menu→Modeify→3d operation→3d mirror

Slice:

It is used to slice a solid with a plane or surface

Command: slice

3D Face:

Commend:3d face

Menu→Draw→Modeling→Meshes→3Dface

Its surface create a in visible edges


3d Edge:

Menu→Draw→Modeling→Meshes→Edge

Select the invisible edge then edge is visible

Delete face:

It is used to delete or remove selected face including fillets and


chamfer

Copy face:

It is used to copy selected faces of the selected object

Color face:

It is used to change color of the selected object face

Copy edge:

It is used to copy the selected edge of selected object

Edge color:

It is used to color selected edges of object after changing the edge


color. Select the object at that time edge will hide

Image attach:
It is used to attach the new image to the current drawing

Command: Image attach (or) IAT

Menu→ Insert→ Raster image reference.

Image Adjust:

It is used to control the image display of the brightness, control


and fade value of images

Command: Image adjust or IAD

Menu→ Modify→ object→ Image adjust


THANK YOU

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