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    Stoichiometry

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    adriana.amin
    This document provides information and examples on calculating molar gas volume, number of moles in gases and solutions, concentration of solutions, and titration calculations. It defines key terms like molar volume, molarity, and concentration. Examples are provided for calculating number of moles, volume, and mass in various gas and solution problems. Formulas and steps are outlined for determining unknown concentrations using titration reactions and volumes.

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    Stoichiometry

    Uploaded by

    adriana.amin
    24 views6 pages
    This document provides information and examples on calculating molar gas volume, number of moles in gases and solutions, concentration of solutions, and titration calculations. It defines key terms like molar volume, molarity, and concentration. Examples are provided for calculating number of moles, volume, and mass in various gas and solution problems. Formulas and steps are outlined for determining unknown concentrations using titration reactions and volumes.

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    This document provides information and examples on calculating molar gas volume, number of moles in gases and solutions, concentration of solutions, and titration calculations. It defines key terms like molar volume, molarity, and concentration. Examples are provided for calculating number of moles, volume, and mass in various gas and solution problems. Formulas and steps are outlined for determining unknown concentrations using titration reactions and volumes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    24 views6 pages

    Stoichiometry

    Uploaded by

    adriana.amin
    This document provides information and examples on calculating molar gas volume, number of moles in gases and solutions, concentration of solutions, and titration calculations. It defines key terms like molar volume, molarity, and concentration. Examples are provided for calculating number of moles, volume, and mass in various gas and solution problems. Formulas and steps are outlined for determining unknown concentrations using titration reactions and volumes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 6

    G.

    CALCULATION OF MOLAR GAS VOLUME Remember these formula


    !!
    1. One Mole of any gas has a volume of 24dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p)
    r.t.p = 25OC and 1 atm.

    2. This is called Molar gas volume.

    3. Remember this :
    24dm3 = 24000 cm3
    1dm3 = 1000 cm3 = 1000 ml
    4. To find the no. of moles (n) : (in gas)
    no. of moles (n) = Volume in cm3
    24000

    no. of moles (n) = Volume in dm3


    24

    no. of moles (n) = Mass of gas in g


    Mr

    Exercise 10
    1. Calculate the no. of moles present in the following gasses. USE 3 SIGNIFICANT FIG.!!!
    a. 240 dm3 of Bromine gas Br2

    b. 96 cm3 of Neon gas Ne

    c. 2.4 dm3 of Hydrogen gas H2

    d. 120 dm3 of Carbon Dioxide CO2

    e. 900 cm3 of Ammonia gas NH3

    f. 4.8 dm3 of Oxygen gas O2

    g. 120 cm3 of Chlorine gas Cl2

    h. 24 cm3 of Carbon Dioxide CO2

    2. Calculate the volume of the following gasses .


    a. 2 moles of Hydrogen gas in cm3

    b. 0.5 moles of Fluorine gas in dm3

    c. 0.01 moles of Nitrogen gas in dm3

    d. 4g of oxygen gas O2 in dm3

    e. 1.7g of Ammonia gas NH3 in dm3

    f. 20g of Bromine gas Br2 in dm3


    3. Answer the following questions. Show your working clearly.
    a. Methane reacts with steam to form hydrogen and carbon monoxide as shown below.
    CH4 + H2O → CO + 3H2
    What volume of hydrogen can be obtained from 100 cm3 of methane
    (at the same temperature and pressure)?

    b. When 0.1 g of magnesium is treated with an excess of hydrochloric acid, what is the volume of
    gas will be produced at room temperature and pressure?
    Equation : _________________________________________________

    c. What volume of sulphur dioxide (at r.t.p) is given off on heating 9.7 g of zinc sulphide ZnS ?
    2ZnS + 3O2 → 2ZnO + 2SO2

    d. Sodium Hydrogencarbonate decomposes on heating:


    2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
    In an experiment, a 5 mol sample of sodium hydrogencarbonate was heated.
    What volume of carbon dioxide, measured at room temperature and pressure, would be evolved?

    e. Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2


    i. Calculate the volume of CO required to react completely with 8g of Fe2O3.
    ii. Calculate the volume of CO2 produced during the reaction in (i) ?

    f. Propane burns completely in oxygen according to the equation shown :


    C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)
    If 0.1 mol of propane gas is burnt completely, what is the volume of gaseous product obtained, measured
    at room temperature and pressure ?

    g. The main ore of zinc is zinc blende, ZnS (Mr=97).


    When this ore is heated in air, the reaction is represented by the following equation.
    2ZnS + 3O2 → 2ZnO + 2SO2
    What is the volume of oxygen at room temperature and pressure would be needed to react completely
    with 194 g of ZnS?

    h. Ammonia gas decomposed according to the equation below.


    2NH3(g) → N2(g) + 3H2(g)
    What is the volume hydrogen would be formed if 100cm3 ammonia were decomposed
    (measurements at r.t.p.)

    i. Sodium reacts with water according to the equation below.


    2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2
    What is the volume of hydrogen produced at r.t.p. when 0.2 mol of sodium reacts?
    H. CALCULATION OF MOLAR SOLUTION Remember these
    formula !!
    1. 1 dm3 = 1000 cm3
    2. mol/dm3 is also written as moldm-3
    3. Molarity = Conc in mol/dm3
    4. Conc in g/dm3 = Conc in mol/dm3 X Mr
    5. Conc in mol/dm3 or = __n or n X 1000
    Molarity V (dm3) V (cm3)
    = Conc in g/dm3
    6. Conc in mol/dm3
    Mr
    = Mass in g
    7. Conc in g/dm3
    V (dm3)
    = V (cm3) X Molarity
    8. To find the no. of moles (n) : 1000
    (in solution) = V (dm3) X Molarity

    Examples : One Molar solution = 1M (OR 1.0M) (OR 1.0 mol/dm3)

    (Eg.) Three Molar solution = 3M (OR 3.0M) (OR 3.0 mol/dm3)


    2.0M solution contain 2 moles in every 1dm3 or 1000cm3

    Exercise 11
    1. How many moles are there in each of the following solutions ? USE 3 SIG. FIG

    a. 1000 cm3 0.5 M


    Copper(II)Sulphate solution

    b. 2000 cm3 2M
    Sodium Chloride solution

    c. 5 dm3 2M Nitric acid

    d. 10 cm3 0.01M
    Copper(II)Chloride solution

    e. 2 dm3 1M Ammonia solution


    2. What is the molarity/concentration of each of the following solutions in mol/dm3? USE 3 SIG. FIG
    a. 1000 cm3 Sodium Chloride solution
    containing 2 moles
    b. 100 cm3 Silver nitrate solution
    containing 0.08 moles

    c. 2 dm3 Nitric acid containing 4 moles

    d. 50 cm3 Potassium Hydroxide


    solution containing 0.002 moles
    e. 10 cm3 Sodium hydroxide solution
    containing 0.0001 moles

    f. 3.65g of HCl in 4dm3

    g. 0.98g of H2SO4 in 2dm3

    h. 9.5g of MgCl2 in 500cm3

    3. Calculate the mass of NaCl needed to make : (Mr. of NaCl = __________)


    a. 200 cm3 of 0.5 M solution

    b. 500 cm3 of 0.25M solution

    c. 2.5 dm3 of 0.04 M solution

    4. Calculate the mass of CaCl2 needed to make : (Mr. of CaCl2 = __________)


    a. 100 cm3 of 2 M solution

    b. 250 cm3 of 5 M solution

    c. 3.5 dm3 of 3 M solution

    5. What is the concentration of iodine molecules I2 in a solution containing 2.54g of iodine in 250 cm3 of
    solution in mol/dm3?

    6. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions in 0.05 mol/dm3 of sulphuric acid in g/dm3?

    7. The reaction between HCl and CaCO3 is shown below.


    CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
    3
    What is the volume of 1.0 mol/dm HCl needed to react completely with 1.0g of
    CaCO3 (Mr =100) in cm3 ?
    I. TITRATION CALCULATION
    Two solutions are reacted together in a titration.
    The concentration of one solution is known.
    The concentration of the other (unknown) solution is found from the volumes of solutions that have reacted
    together.

    Exercise 12
    1. 25.0 cm3 of a solution of sulphuric acid, H2SO4, required 24.0 cm3 of 0.10 mol/dm3 NaOH for
    complete reaction.
    a. Write the equation for the reaction.
    ____________________________________________________________________________
    b. Calculate the concentration of the sulphuric acid in mol/dm3

    Use this formula : V1M1 = no. of moles of H2SO4


    _______ _____________________
    V2M2 no. of moles of NaOH

    c. What is the mass of sulphuric acid present in 1 dm3 ?

    d. What is the no. of moles of NaOH present in the volume of solution used ?

    2. 25.0 cm3 of 0.1M NaOH solution of required 24.0 cm3 of HCl for complete titration.

    a. Write the equation for the reaction.


    ____________________________________________________________________________

    b. Calculate the concentration of the Hydrochloric acid in mol/dm3

    Use this formula : V1M1 = no. of moles of HCl


    ______ ___________________
    V2M2 no. of moles of NaOH

    c. What is the no. of moles of NaOH present in the volume of solution used ?

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