Add two 4-digit numbers – one exchange c) What do you notice about the calculations in part a) and

part b)?

Which did you find easier and why?

1 Complete the calculations. d) What happens when you have more than ten counters in
one column?
Use the place value charts to help you.

a) 3,117 + 2,542 =

Th H T O

2 Complete the calculations.

a) 4,365 + 2,617 =

b) 1,907 + 5,068 =

+ c) 6,792 + 163 =

d) 3,247 + 1,930 =
b) 3,117 + 2,544 =

Th H T O 3 Complete the calculations.

a) b)

Th H T O Th H T O
5 1 6 3 7 2 6 1
+ 2 4 5 1 + 1 0 2 9

+ © White Rose Maths 2022

 c) d) 5 Here are the prices of some laptops and mobile phones.
A B C D
Th H T O Th H T O
£1,208 £1,510
7 0 3 3 5 0 8
+ 2 5 8 0 + 2 7 3 1

£625 £587
C D
Mr Robson has £2,100 to spend on a mobile phone

4 Four children are working out 4,635 + 183 and a laptop.

What combinations of laptops and phones can he afford

Rosie’s method Jack’s method
to buy?
Th H T O Th H T O £625 £587
4 6 3 5 4 6 3 5
+ 1 8 3 + 1 8 3
4 7 11 8 4 7 1 8

4,635 + 183 = 47,118 4,635 + 183 = 4,718

Alex’s method Teddy’s method

Th H T O Th H T O
6 Fill in the missing digits.
4 6 3 5 4 6 3 5
a) b)
+ 1 8 3 + 1 8 3 Th H T O Th H T O
4 8 1 8 6 4 6 5 3 2
1 1 + 4 6 + 3 8 2 1
8 7 9 1 8 7 9 1
4,635 + 183 = 4,818 4,635 + 183 = 6,465

Whose method is correct?

Talk about the mistakes the other children have made.

© White Rose Maths 2022
Add two 4-digit numbers – more than b) Nijah Scott
one exchange
Th H T O Th H T O
4 8 2 6 4 8 2 6
1 Complete the calculation. + 1 7 8 + 1 7 8
Th H T O 5 0 0 4 6 6 0 6
1 1 1 1 1

What mistake has the other person made in each calculation?

Talk about it with a partner.

3 Work out the additions.

+
a) c) 3,784 + 2,526

Th H T O
4 7 1 2
+ 3 4 9 2
Th H T O
2 1 7 6
+ 3 4 5 8

b) d) 79 + 654 + 1,312

Th H T O
6 0 7 5
2 Who has got each question correct? Tick your answer.
+ 9 4 8
a) Nijah Scott

H T O H T O
4 4 5 4 4 5
+ 3 4 8 + 3 4 8
78 1 3 7 9 3
1

© White Rose Maths 2022

4 Sort the calculations into the table. b) He needs 8,000 by the end of Round 3 to win the game.

712 + 394 1,312 + 2,527 2,350 + 3,760 Does Dexter win the game?

Show your workings.

1,995 + 712 3,044 + 2,372 17 + 953

No exchange More than one

One exchange
needed exchange

6 Work out the missing digits.

a) b)
Th H T O Th H T O
3 7 9 8 1
Write one more calculation of your own in each column. + 8 + 9 8
6 9 2 5 4 2 8

5 Dexter is playing a computer game.

The table shows the number of points he gets in each round. c) Find two possible answers.

Round 1 2 3 Th H T O Th H T O

Number of points 3,550 2,175 1,895 2 1 2 1

+ 3 6 + 3 6
a) How many points does Dexter have at the end of Round 2? 6 1 8 2 6 1 8 2

How did you work this out? Talk about it with a partner.

Are there any more answers?

© White Rose Maths 2022

Subtract two 4-digit numbers – b) 5,361 − 3,241
no exchange Th H T O Th H T O
5 3 6 1
– 3 2 4 1
1 Use the place value chart to work out 5,624 − 2,301

Th H T O

c) 7,405 − 404
Th H T O Th H T O
7 4 0 5
– 4 0 4
5,624 − 2,301 =

Complete the calculation.

Th H T O
5 6 2 4
– 2 3 0 1 3 Complete the calculations.

a) c)
Th H T O Th H T O
9 3 1 6 4 9 2 7
What is the same about the representations?
– 7 2 0 5 – 3 1 5
What is different?

2 Use the place value charts to complete the calculations.

a) 3,412 − 1,201
b)
Th H T O d) Th H T O
Th H T O Th H T O
8 0 6 1 8 2 0 4
3 4 1 2
– 3 0 6 0 – 2 0 4
– 1 2 0 1

© White Rose Maths 2022

4 Aisha is working out 7,585 − 316 d) = 9,853 − 853

Th H T O
7 5 8 5

– 3 1 6 7,585 − 316 = 4,425
4 4 2 5

Do you agree with Aisha? 6 The distance from A to B is 2,365 m.

Explain your answer. The distance from A to C is 5,875 m in the same direction.

How far is C from B?

2,365 m
5 Complete the calculations. Show your workings. A B C

a) 6,205 − 104 = 5,875 m

b) 3,749 − 1,642 = 7 Whitney and Ron are playing a game.

Whitney has 1,353 points.

Ron has 230 points fewer than Whitney.

How many points do they have altogether?

c) = 5,371 − 3,260

© White Rose Maths 2022

Subtract two 4-digit numbers – 3 Complete the calculations.
one exchange
a) H T O c) Th H T O
3 2 7 9 8 4 5
– 1 1 9 – 6 2 1 6

1
Th H T O

b) d)
Th H T O Th H T O
7 6 7 3 3 1 5 1

a) Use the place value chart to complete the calculation. – 1 3 4 – 1 0 2 9

5,435 − 3,215 =

100
b) Use the place value chart to complete the calculation.

5,435 − 3,216 = 4 Complete the calculations.

c) Which calculation was easier? Talk about it with a partner. a) c)

H T O Th H T O
d) What happens when you do not have enough counters in a 3 2 7 9 8 4 5
column to take away? – 1 3 2 – 2 3 6 0

b) d)
2 Complete the sentences. Th H T O Th H T O

1 ten can be exchanged for ones. 7 6 7 3 3 1 5 1

– 2 8 1 – 1 0 9 0
1 hundred can be exchanged for 10 .

1 thousand can be exchanged for .

© White Rose Maths 2022
5 Complete the calculations. 7 A car costs £8,716

a) c) A motorbike costs £2,341 less than the car.

Th H T O Th H T O
How much does the motorbike cost?
3 2 7 0 9 8 4 5
– 1 3 2 0 – 1 9 2 1

b) d)
Th H T O Th H T O
7 6 7 3 3 1 5 1
– 7 2 1 – 1 5 4 1
8 Jack is thinking of two 4-digit numbers.

The greater
number is 6,410
The difference between
6 Filip is calculating 3,467 − 2,148 the two numbers
Here are his workings. is 3,107

Th H T O
What is the sum of the two numbers?
3 4 6 7
– 2 1 4 8
1 3 2 1

Do you agree with Filip?

Explain your answer.

© White Rose Maths 2022

Subtract two 4-digit numbers – more 3 Complete the calculations.
than one exchange
a) c)
Th H T O Th H T O
7 3 2 5 7 1 1 2
– 2 4 0 6 – 3 9 8
1 Use the place value chart to complete the subtractions.

H T O

b)
Th H T O d) Th H T O
5 6 3 4 2 1 0 3
– 2 7 4 5 – 1 7 4 3

a) 564 − 354 = c) 564 − 365 =

b) 564 − 355 = d) 564 − 367 = 4 Kim has made a number using base 10

What is the same and what is different about Th H T O

the subtractions?

2 Use the place value chart to complete the subtractions.

Th H T O
a) Subtract 8 from Kim’s number.

Explain the method you used.

b) Subtract 20 from Kim’s number.

c) Subtract 900 from Kim’s number.

a) 5,435 − 2,136 = c) 5,435 − 1,452 =
d) Complete the subtractions.

b) 5,436 − 1,627 = d) 5,435 − 549 = 1,702 − 28 = 1,702 − 928 =

© White Rose Maths 2022

5 Complete the calculations. 7 Work out the missing digits.

a) c) a) b)
Th H T O Th H T O Th H T O Th H T O
6 5 0 2 5 0 0 0 7 4 4 0 3
– 3 2 6 3 – 1 7 4 5 – 1 2 3 – 3 8
9 5 8 8 4

b)
Th H T O d) Th H T O
6 0 1 3 9 1 0 0 8 Arrange all the digit cards to make a possible subtraction for
each description.
– 1 8 3 4 – 4 3 5 6

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

a) There are two exchanges.

The answer is
6 A jug contains 1,500 mƖ of juice. less than 2,000

–
b) There are two exchanges.
The answer is
greater than 4,000

The juice is poured into 2 glasses.

–
Each glass holds 258 mƖ of juice.

How much juice is left in the jug? c) There are three exchanges.

© White Rose Maths 2022

Efficient subtraction 3 Complete the column method subtractions.

H T O Th H T O
7 0 0 6 0 0 0
– 3 4 8 – 2 1 4 5

1 a) Use the column method to work out 704 − 696

H T O
What do you notice?
7 0 4
– 6 9 6

b) Count on the number line to work out 704 − 696

4 Rosie and Amir have calculated 700 – 348 using
different methods.

a) Rosie’s method
695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705
H T O
6 9 9
c) Which method do you prefer? 351 + 1 = 352
– 3 4 8
Why? so 700 – 348 = 352
3 5 1

Use Rosie’s method to work out 6,000 − 2,145

2 Complete the subtractions by counting on.

a) 902 − 897 = c) 2,027 − 1,999 =

b) 1,902 − 1,894 = d) 5,005 − 4,990 =

© White Rose Maths 2022

 b) Amir’s method 6 A theme park has 3,002 light bulbs.
H T O H T O 1,785 of the light bulbs are blue.
7 0 0 6 9 9 How many bulbs are not blue?
– 3 4 8 – 3 4 7
Use a method where you subtract 3 from each number.
3 5 2 3 5 2


Use Amir’s method to work out 6,000 − 2,145

7 Eva is working out 7,385 – 1,999

7,385 − 2,000 = 5,385 I subtracted

2,000 from 7,385
7,385 − 1,999 = 5,386 and then added
one on.
a) Explain why Eva’s method works.
c) Whose method do you prefer, Rosie’s or Amir’s?

5 Use the column method to work out the subtractions.

a) 500 − 341 c) £3,000 − £2,782

b) Explain a different method that Eva could have used.

The method should involve changing both numbers

before subtracting.

b) 1,000 − 729 d) 10,000 mm − 7,302 mm

8 Work out the subtractions mentally.

a) 2,907 – 1,999 = c) 3,704 – 2,998 =

b) 4,512 – 2,999 = d) 5,147 – 997 =

© White Rose Maths 2022

 b) Use column subtraction to work out the actual answer.
Estimate answers
Th H T O
7 9 5 8
– 6 1 0 3
1 Filip is working out 607 + 395

He rounds his numbers to the nearest 100 to estimate

the answer.

a) Complete the sentences.

607 rounded to the nearest 100 is 3 Mr Howell writes a subtraction on the board.

395 rounded to the nearest 100 is I estimate the answer

Filip’s estimate for the answer is 795 – 503 will be close to 200 because
700 − 500 = 200
+ =

b) Use column addition to work out the actual answer. What mistake has Tiny made?

Th H T O Write a better estimate.

6 0 7
+ 3 9 5

4 a) Tom is estimating to work out an addition.

2 Alex is working out 7,958 – 6,103
His estimate is 3,000 + 1,000 = 4,000
Alex rounds her numbers to the nearest 1,000 to
Write three possible additions Tom could be working out.
estimate the answer.

a) Complete the sentences. + =

7,958 rounded to the nearest 1,000 is
+ =
6,103 rounded to the nearest 1,000 is

Alex’s estimate is + =

− =
© White Rose Maths 2022
 b) Dani is estimating to work out a subtraction. 6 Whitney and Dexter are estimating the answer to 2,706 − 1,394
Her estimate is £600 − £100 = £500 Whitney’s estimate is 3,000 − 1,000 = 2,000
Write three possible subtractions Dani could be working out. Dexter’s estimate is 2,700 − 1,400 = 1,300

Whose estimate is more accurate?

− =
Why?
− =

− =

5 Complete the table. Show your workings. 7 A forest has 2,638 trees.

Question Estimated answer Accurate answer

3,970 km − 1,850 km
1,172 more trees are planted.

a) Use rounding to estimate the number of trees in the

forest now.

7,076 − 852

b) Work out the actual number of trees in the forest.

7,076 − 652

1,994 ml + 1,994 ml c) How accurate was your estimate?

© White Rose Maths 2022

 c) Th H T O
Checking strategies
2 4 1 1
– 1 3 0 6
1 1 0 5

1 Circle the subtractions that can be used to check the

addition 271 + 516 = 787
4 Complete the fact family for the bar model.
787 – 271 516 – 271 271 – 787 787 – 516
4,563

2,160 2,403

2 Circle the additions that can be used to check the subtraction

2,364 – 1,202 = 1,162 + =

2,364 + 1,202 1,162 + 1,202 2,364 + 1,162 1,202 + 1,162 + =

− =

3 Use an inverse operation to check each calculation.

− =
a)
H T O
3 7 1
5 Teddy is working out 5,671 + 325
+ 4 6 5
8 3 6 Th H T O
5 6 7 1

b) + 3 2 5
H T O
8 9 2 1
5 6 7
– 1 5 2
4 1 5
Teddy checks his calculation using the same addition.

Is this a good idea? What mistake has Teddy made?

© White Rose Maths 2022

6 Match the inverse calculations. b) 1,372 + 450 =

623 + 1,240 = 1,863 2,483 − 623 = 1,860

1,860 + 1,240 = 3,100 2,483 + 617 = 3,100

c) 6,572 − 2,320 =

1,860 + 623 = 2,483 3,100 − 1,860 = 1,240

3,100 − 2,483 = 617 617 + 1,866 = 2,483

d) 5,203 − 1,189 =

2,483 − 617 = 1,866 1,863 − 1,240 = 623

7 Complete the calculations.

Use inverse operations to check your answers.

e) 6,004 − 729 =
a) 372 + 405 =

© White Rose Maths 2022