Spinach contain iron in Non-heme foam which is absorbed in the small intestine.

Its
bioavailability is lower compared to heme iron from animal sources and to improve the
absorption of non-heme iron more appropriate , spinach contains compounds naturally including
ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and certain organic acids that enhance the uptake of iron by converting
it into a more absorbable state . In spinach, compound including oxalates present that can
inhibit iron absorption. ( Thomas EMS et al.,2023)However, the enhancing compounds including
vitamin C, counteract these inhibitors through chelation, binding to iron and making it more
soluble and available for absorption in human body . When you consumed spinach along with
vitamin C-rich foods, the vitamin C that help in changing non-heme iron stare into a soluble
state such as ferrous Iron (Fe2+) that absorbed more readily by the intestinal cells and
increasing iron uptake into the bloodstream of human ( Petr Cigler et al.,2010)
Existing studies on spinach conclude that if inncrease iron amount effectively , especially
combination with vitamin C for better absorption. They are safe and well-tolerated, along with
lower risk of iron overload compared to some synthetic iron. Supplements. However, their non-
heme iron may have lower bioavailability than heme iron from animal sources, requiring
attention to dietary factors for optimal effectiveness. While spinach-based supplements may have
lower bioavailability than heme iron from animal products, they offer a sustainable and plant-
based alternative suitable for vegetarians and vegans (McMillan Thelma et al.,2023)
Spinach-based iron supplements can effectively increase iron levels in individuals with iron
deficiency anemia. Regular consumption over a specified period demonstrated improvements in
hemoglobin levels and reduced anemia symptoms the bioavailability of non-heme iron from
spinach can be enhanced when paired with vitamin C. This finding emphasizes the importance of
dietary combinations to optimize iron absorption Case studies have generally reported minimal
side effects with spinach-based supplements, making them a safe option for addressing iron
deficiency. The outcomes of these studies suggest that incorporating spinach-based supplements,
along with dietary strategies to enhance iron absorption, can be a viable approach to combat iron
deficiency anemia, particularly in vegetarian and vegan populations. (Susana Gómez-Ramírez et
al. Acta Haematol. 2019)
It Is concluded from the overview that the use of spinach in our daily life has great importance to
prevent the health from many diseases its antioxidative effect has active compounds and are
highly available to the body, a powerful natural antioxidant mixture has been identified from
spinach leaves with its main active compounds, these compounds are heat stable and non toxic
when eaten its dietary invention is important inhuman. All compounds have an antioxidant effect
in body

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the major nutritional deficiencies in the world nowadays
that affecting millions of people. It leads to symptoms including cognitive impairment, fatigue,
weakness and paleness . person with IDA have inappropriate intake of iron , impaired
absorption or transport, physiologic losses associated with chronological or reproductive age, or
chronic blood loss secondary to disease. Iron supplementation is significant to treat iron
deficiency anemia because this impart serious health issues .Iron is an essential mineral that is
necessary for the production of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to
body tissues.During iron deficiency or in the presence of amount of iron, the body cannot
produce enough healthy red blood cells, leading to anemia.( Susan F Clark et al.,2018)

Spinach contain high amount of iron also a natural source of this vital mineral. Using spinach
as a source of iron for supplementation is beneficial due to sustainablility and eco-friendly
alternative to synthetic iron supplements .Spinach containing active components including ant
proliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties , flavonoids, exhibit ant oxidative, in biological
systems. Spinach rich in non-heme iron, which has lower bioavailability as compared to heme
iron present in supplements prepare from animal source. Spinach contain high amount of
vitamin C and other compounds that helpful to enhance the absorption of non-heme iron and
making it a potentially effective for iron anemia patient . One of advantage is that spinach-based
supplement for iron are less likely to cause iron overload because the body can regulate the
absorption of non-heme iron more properly .Consumption of spinach improve overall nutritional
intake and promote dietary diversity .( Tahseen Fatima Miano .,2013)
Spinach is rich in vitamins like vitamin A, C, and K, as well as minerals like iron, calcium, and
magnesium. These nutrients play essential roles in various bodily functions, such as immune
support, blood clotting, and bone health. Spinach contains antioxidants like beta-carotene, lutein,
and zeaxanthin. These compounds help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals,
potentially reducing the risk of chronic diseases like cancer and age-related macular
degeneration. Spinach is a good source of dietary fiber, which aid
digestion, promotes a feeling of fullness, and helps regulate blood sugar levels. Spinach is
naturally high in nitrate, which can be converted into nitric oxide in the body. Nitric oxide helps
relax blood vessels, improving blood flow and potentially lowering blood pressure. Spinach
contains various phytochemicals like flavonoids and polyphenols, which have anti-inflammatory
and antioxidant properties, contributing to overall health. The green pigment in spinach,
chlorophyll, is thought to have detoxifying properties and may aid in liver health.. Spinach is a
good source of folate (vitamin B9), which is crucial for DNA synthesis and cell growth, making
it especially important during pregnancy. Spinach contains potassium, which is essential for
maintaining healthy blood pressure and proper muscle and nerve function. (
Spinach contain iron in Non-heme foam which is absorbed in the small intestine. Its
bioavailability is lower compared to heme iron from animal sources and to improve the
absorption of non-heme iron more appropriate , spinach contains compounds naturally including
ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and certain organic acids that enhance the uptake of iron by converting
it into a more absorbable state . In spinach, compound including oxalates present that can
inhibit iron absorption. ( Thomas EMS et al.,2023)However, the enhancing compounds including
vitamin C, counteract these inhibitors through chelation, binding to iron and making it more
soluble and available for absorption in human body . When you consumed spinach along with
vitamin C-rich foods, the vitamin C that help in changing non-heme iron stare into a soluble
state such as ferrous Iron (Fe2+) that absorbed more readily by the intestinal cells and
increasing iron uptake into the bloodstream of human ( Petr Cigler et al.,2010)