CHAPTER CIRCLE Recap of Early Classes The circle has been known since before the begining of recorded history. Natural circles would have been observed such as ‘moon, sun ete. Till previous class we have studied circle as simple shape of euclidean geometry and have also studied about chords, diameter, circumference area etc. Now these same terms along with some other important terms wil be studied under co-ordinate geometry inthis chapter. Index DEFINITION 2.0 STANDARD EQUATIONS OF THE CIRCLE 21 Central Form 2.2 Generalequation of circle 23. Intercepts cut by the circle on axes 2.4 Equation of cirele in diameter form 25 Equation of circle in paramettie forms 3.0 POSITION OF A POINT WR.T CIRCLE, 4.0 POWER OF A POINT WR.T. CIRCLE 5.0 TANGENT LINE OF CIRCLE 5.1 Condition of Tangency 5.2 Equation of the tangent 53 Length of tangent 5.4 Equation of Pair of tangents 6.0 NORMAL OF CIRCLE 7.0 CHORD OF CONTACT 8.0 EQUATION OF THE CHORD WITH A GIVEN MIDDLE POINT 9.0 DIRECTOR CIRCLE 10.0 FAMILY OF CIRCLES 11.0 DIRECT AND TRANSVERSE COMMON TANGENTS. 12.0 THE ANGLE OF INTERSECTION OF TWO CIRCLES 13.0 RADICAL AXIS OFTHE TWO CIRCLES EXERCISE-1 EXERCISE2 EXERCISE-3 EXERCISE-4(A) EXERCISE-4(B) EXERCISE-5E24 [ Circle CIRCLE 1.0 2.0 24 DEFINITION A.citclis the locus of a point which moves in a plane in such a way that its distance from a fixed point (in the same given plane) remains constant. The fixed point is called the centre of the circle and the constant distance is called the radius of the circle. Equation of a circle ‘The curve traced by the moving point is called its circumference ie. the equation of any circle is satisfied by co-ordinates of al points on its citcumferenee, or The equation of the circle means the equation ofits circumference. or tis the set of all points lying on the circumference of the circle. Chord and diameter - the line joining any two points on the citeumference is called a chord. If any chord passing through its centre is called its diameter. AB = chord, PQ = diameter, C = centre STANDARD EQUATIONS OF THE CIRCLE Central Form If (h, k) is the centre and ris the radius of the circle then its equation is (x B® (y- ki? = Special Cases (i) fcentre is origin (0, O}and radius is'Y then equation of citele isx” + v* and this is called the standard form) (i) Ifradius of citele iszero then equation of circle is (x=) (y ~ kl? = 0. Such circle is called zéto circlé or point circ, Ce) (ii) When circle touches scanisthen equation ofthe crcl is Fe A ae OY rouching xvas eth (i) When Gree fouchoéy.axdstthen equation of circle is & {—___ aq [Touching vaxis (v) When eirele touches both the axes (x-axis and y-axis) then equation of on circle (x =h)® + (y—h}? = bY r , <| OY Touching x-axis and yens (a) When circle passes through the origin and centre of the circle is (h,k) then radius yh? +k® =rand intercept cut on x-axis OP = 2h, and intercept cut on y-axis is OQ = 2k and equation of circle is (ach)? + (yk)? =h? + orx? + y?-2hx-2hy = 0 Note ~ Centre of the circle may exist in any quadrant hence for general cases use + sign before h& k. 95}JEE-Mathematics Ey 2.2 General equation of circle x + yf + Qgx + 2fy + ¢ = 0. where g,f.c are constants and centre is (-g,-f) [+P =e Pe ( coefficient _of_x _coelficient_of 2) ae 2 2 NOTE () f(g? + Pc) > O, then ris real and positive and the circle is a real circle. (i) f(g? +P ~c) = 0, then radius r = O and circle is a point circle. (ii) f(g? + P-c) <0, then ris imaginary then circle is also an imaginary circle with real centre. (iw) x? + y? + 2ax + 2fy + © = 0, has three constants and to get the equation of the circle at least three conditions should be known = A unique circle passes through three non collinear points. (1 The general second degree in x and y, ax” + by? + 2hxy + 2ax + 2fy + ¢ = Orepresents a citle if. + coafficient of x” = cootficiont of y* ora = b +0 «coefficient of xy = Oor h = 0 2 @+P-c) (for a real circle) 2.3 Intercepts cut by the circle on axes The intercepts cut by the circle x” + y* + 2gx +2fy+ c =Oon: (ii) y-axis = 2Yf? -c (x-axis = 2 NOTE () Ifthe circle cuts the x-axis at two distinet point, then g”=c > 0 (i) If the cirlce cuts the y-axisfattwo distinct point, then f° —c > 0! (ii) circle touches x-axis then @* (iv) Ifcircle touches y-axis then f =e. (¥) Circle ies completely above or below the x-axis then d”<¢ (vi) Circle lies completely to the right or leftto the y-axis, then F< c. (vil) Intercept cut by a finelon the circle x” + #4 2ax + 2fy + ¢ =O or length of chord of the circle =2ya*—P? whereais the radius and Ps the lenath of perpendicular from the centre to the chord. 2.4 Equation of circle indiameter form Abs, y,) and Bix, Ye) are the end poini§ of the diameter of the circle and P(x, y)s the point other then A ‘and Bon the circle then from geometry we know that ZAPB = 90°. = (Slope of PA) x (Slopa of PB)= -1 Plst - Ekg = k= xyhibo= Xgh+ (y= y,) (y-y_) = 0 Note - This will be the circle of least radius passing through (x, y,) and (x Yz) by) al Boeay.) 2.5 Equation of circle in parametric forms () The parametric equation of the citclex°+y" = 1? are x = reos),y = rsind ;0 € [0,2x) and (rcos®, sind) are called the parametric co-ordinates. (i) The parametric equation of the citele (x hl? + (y= is parameter. K+ ¥sin8 where ® =h+ reos0, (i) Theparameti equationof the ciclex? + y+ 2gx +2 + ¢=Oarex=-g+ \GPHTPHe cost, ya-t+ \aF Fre sin 6 whore 6 is parameter Note- Equation of a straight line joining two point « & B on the circle x” + SEB a yy Be necatcB | i i i i q zE24 [ Circle Ilustration 1. Solution (a) (b) (©) Ilustration 2. Solution Illustration 3. Solution Illustrations Find the centre and the radius of the circles a) 3x7 + 3y?-8x-10y +3 =0 (b) x7 + y+ 2xsind + 2y cos -8 = 0 (c) 2x? + any + 2y7 + (2-4]x + 6y—5 =O, forsome A We rewrite the given equation as Hence the centre s( : [32 42 nits 3 Vo 3 x2 + yP + 2x sind + 2ycos0 ~ 8 = OCBAtie of this circle i8\(-sin0, ~ cost Radius ViF8 = 3 units 2x? + xy + Dy? + (1. - 4x Hy —5 = 0 We rewrite the equation as rbot Sera 7 2 2) 2 Since, there is Ho term of xy in the equation of circle a 5 ~O@ei-0 Ifthe lines 3x —4y-+ 4 = 0 and 6x ~8y 7 = 0 are tangents to a circle, then the radius of the circles - 3 3 1 1 A> By Oi ©) 50 The diameter of the circle is perpendicular distance between the parallel lines (tangents) = TL 4+7/2_3 BaoAy + 4=Oand 3x Ay = Oandsoitisequalio EAE = 5. Hence raciusis 2 Ans. (B) 4 Ify = 2x + mis a diameter to the circle x° + y* + 3x + 4y—1 =, then find m / Conte of cele = [-33-2). Ths lies on diameter y = 2+ m 97}—JEE-Mathematics Ey Illustration 4. The equation of a circle which passes through the point (1-2) and (4-3) and whose centre lies con the line 3x + 4y = Tis (A) 15 (x2 + y)-94x + 18y-55=0 (BY 15(x" + y')-94x + 18y + 55 = 0 (C) 15 (x? + 9?) + 94x-18y +55=0 — (D) Noneof these Solution Lot the circle be x” + y* + 2gx + 2fy +e =0 (i) Hence, substituting the points, (1, -2) and (4 , -3) in equation (i) 5+ 2g-4f+c=-0 (ii) 25+ 8g-6f +e =0 (i) centre (—g, -f) lies on line 3x + 4y = 7 Hence ~ 3g - 4f = 7 solving for g, f, c, we get 47,9 Hewg= f= Z.e- 2 Hence the equation is 15 (x+y?) -94x + 18y + 55 Ans. (B) Illustration 5. Acircle has radius equal to3 units and its cent lies on the line y = x ~ 1. Find the equation of the circle if t passes through (7, 3) Solution Let the centre of the citele be (cxf). Ielies on the line y = x ~ 1 = B=a~1. Hence the centre is (a, a =1). => The equation of the citclei8 (x -a) + (Ya + 1 = It passes through (7, 3) = (Toa) + (d= a => 2a? 22a + 560 => @-lle+28=0 = (a-4a-n=0 = 0-47 Henée the reqhired equiations are x? + 8x =< 694 16 0 andx” By* 14x - 12y + 76 = 0. Ans. VARIOUS FORMS OF CIRCLE 1. Find the centre and radiusiof the circle 2x” + 2y? = 3x - 5y +7 2. Find the equation of the eincle whose centre is the point of intersection of the lines 2x - 3y +4.= 0 & 3x + 4y~5 = Oand passes through the origin. 3. Find the parametric form of the equation of the circle x” + y? + px + py = 0 4. Find the equation of the citele the end points of whose diameter are the centres of the circles x0 + y + 16x—1dy = 18x? + y? 4x + 10y = 2 5. Find the coordinates ofthe centre and the radius of the circles whose equations are | (a) 3x" + 3y? -5x-6y +4=0 (b) 4x’ + 4y?- 16x -12y + 21 =0. i 6. Find the radusofthe ctele (x cosa + ysina~al? + (xsina.-yoosa~b}? = W andif«vavies, find the loews § ofits centre. i q 7. Find the equation ofthe circle which goes through the origin and cuts off intercepts equal to hand k from the { positive patts ofthe axes. iE24 [ Circle 8. Find the equation of the circle which touches the axis of x and passes through the two points (1, -2) and (3,~4). 9. Find the equation of the circle which touches the axis of : (a) xata distance + 3 from the origin and intercepts a distance 6 on the axis of y. (b) yata distance ~3 from the origin and intercepts a length Son the axis of x. (c)x, pass through the point (1, 1) and have line x + y = 3 as diameter. 3.0 POSITION OF A POINT W.R.T CIRCLE (a) Letthecircle isx” + y? + 2ax + 2fy + ¢ = Oand the point is (x,,y,) then - aN Pint.) es outside the cicl oron the cick orinsde the circle according = x+y, + 2ax; +2fy, +>, =, , =, <0 fw? a (b) The greatest & the least distance of a point A from a rele withleentre : / C Sradius ris AC + r& [AC=r| respectively. a 4.0 POWER OF A POINT W.R.T. CIRCLE ‘Theorem - The power of point P(x,, y,)/ Want. the citelex’4 y+ 2ax + 2fy +e=0isS, where S, I +¥E +2a%) +2fy) + Note - If P outside, inside or onthe eircle then power of point is positive, nagative orzero respactively. Iffrom a point P(x, v;), inside or outside the éircle, a secant be Grawnintersecting the y b circle in two points 8B, then PA, PB = constant. The product PA . PB is c called power of point Ply.) wrt. the circle ge Za Ns, Sax’ + y' + 2ox + 2fy + e= 0, for number ofisecants ® aN PA.PB = PA, . PB, = PA;. PB, =PP=s, NS Illustrations Illustration 6. If P(2, 8) is an interior point of a circle x° + y* - 2x + 4y - p = O which neither touches nor Intersects the axesptheh set for pis - (a)p<-1 (@B)p<-4 (Clp>96 Dp Solution For internal pointp(2, 8),4 + 64-4 + 32-p<0=p>96 andi intereept = 2,/1+p therefore 1 + p< 0 = @p V5pl15 + alj> 2V5 => \aa5-1 a as-v5 -d,ae2y5 -15 a a<-2)5815 5 1), Henceleommon values of 'a’ are (2 V5 - 15, Illustration 9. ‘The equation of a circle whose centre is (3,—1) and which cuts off a chord of length 6 on the line 2xe 5y+ 18=0 (A) (x3) + (y +1? = 38 (B) ix +37 + (y= 1) = 38 (C) @-37 + y+ = 88 (D) none of these Solution Let AB{ = 6) be the chord intercepted by the line 2x — Sy + 18 = 0 from the circle and let CD be the perpendicular drawn from centre {3, -1) to the chord AB. + (V29" =38 Hence required equation is (x-3)* + {y + 1)? =38 ‘Ans. (A) | i i i i q z —{i00]E24 [ Circle Illustration 10. The area of the triangle formed by line joining the origin to the points of intersection(s) of the line Solution Length of perpendicular from origin to the line x/5 + 2y = 3V5 is x5 +2y = 3B and circle x” + y® = 10is- (a3 (34 (05 (6 3v5 o-— 8 _ 5 +2 Radius of the given circle = 79 = OQ = OP PQ =2QL = 2V0Q?- OL =2V10-5 = 2V5 eee Thus area of AOPQ = $xPQxOL =F x2/5%V5=5 Ans. (C) 5.2 5.3 Equation of the tangent (T = 0) (a) Tangentat the point (x,y;) on the circle x’ + y” = af isxx; + yy, = ar () (1) The tangent at the point (acos t,asin thon the circle x” + y* = ais xcost + ysint = a 7 ore asf aces“ asin’! (2) The point of intersection of tiie tangents at the paints P(c) and QUpis 00895 cos 85 (c)__ The equation of tangentat the point (x,,y;) onthe circle x° + 4? +2ax + 2fy +e = Ois 3%, + yy, t+ glx +4) fly ++ ¢ =O (@)__Ifline y= mx +.cisa straightline touching the circle x” y" cos ow (Bape +p) wef Sayi+m? (e) The equatioivof tangent with slope m of the circle (x —h)* + (y—k)? (v-¥) =mnix—h) = aV1+m? Note To act the equation of tangent abthe point (x,, yy) on any second degree curve we replace xx, in XY) + 9 2 place of x4, yy, it place 6fy”, * — in place of x, in place of y, in place of xy and c in place offe. Length of tangent ( /S, ) Panes The length of tangent drawn from point (x,y) out side the circle Sax’ +y° + 2x + 2ly +c =0is, Pt= JS, = Vi + yf +2ax, +2fy, +¢ Note : When we use this formula the coefficient of x” and y must be 1 Equation of Pair of tangents (SS, = T 2) ie Let the equation of circle S + y? = al and Plx,,y)) is any point Coulsde the ile. From the point we can draw hwo realanddlstinet tangent PQ & PR and combine equation of pair of tangents is- tty 2°) (x, + y,?—a") = (ox, + yy, -a"? or ~ T0I}—JEE-Mathematics Ey Illustration 11. Solution Illustration 12. Solution Illustration 13. Solution Illustrations Let Abe the centre of the circle x” + y* ~ 2x ~4y ~20 = O and B(1, 7) and D(4, ~2) are points ‘on the circle then, if tangents be drawn at Band D, which meet at C, then area of quadrilateral ABCD is - (a) 150 (B75 oO g (D) None of these Bun Here centre A(1, 2) and Tangent at (1, 7) is xl + y.7= fx + 1)-2ly + 7)-20 Oory=7 oll Tangent at D(4, ~2) is 3x ~ 4y ~20 = 0 Ci) Solving (i) and (ii), Cis (16, 7) AB x BC =5x 15 = 75 units Ans. (B) A straight line with slope 2 and y-intercept 5 touches the circle, x°4+ y+ 16x + 12y + c= Oat point Q. Then the coordinates of Qare (A) (-6, 11) (B)(-9,-13) (C)-10,-15) (Dyes, -7) gong Wt) w= 2x, + Sand ig XB= yooxts Q Ans. (D) In the xy-plane, the length )0f the shortest path from (0, 0) to (12, 16) that does not go inside the circle(x 6)" + (y-8)° = 25is (A) 10V3 (B) 10V5 (c) 1008+ (D)10 + 5x Lat = (0,0), P= (6,8) and Q = (12, 16) ‘As showin the figure the shortest route consists oftangent OTy minor arc TRand tangent RQ. Since OP = 10, PT = 5, and ZOTP = 90°, Q(12, 16) it follows that ZOPT 60° and OT = 53 By similar reasoning, ZQPR = 60° and QR = 5/3 Because O, Pand Qare collinear (why?), ZRPT = 60°, soare TRis of length Hence the length of the shortest route is 2(5V3) + % Ans. (C) —fi0z | i i i i q zE24 [ Circle 6.0 NORMAL OF CIRCLE a Normal at a point is the straight line which is perpendicular to the tangent at the point of contact, Note - Normal at point of the circle passes through the centre of the eirele. (@) Equation of normal at point (x,.v,) of citele x + y + 2ax + 2fy + = Ois 9 = (Fee, yom ok ) p by) (b) The equation of normal on any point (x,,9,) of circle x? + (©) fx’ + y* = af is the equation of the citcle then at any point tof this citcle (a cos t, a sint), the equation of normal is xsint - yeost = 0. Illustrations 3 3 wl sel (C) + y-3" =9 {D) (3/7 + Solution Line must pass through the centre of the circle Ans. (D) Illustration 15. _ Find the equation of the normal to the circle x74 y*— 5x + 2y - 48 = Oat the point (5, 6). Solution Since normal othe circle always passes through the centre so equation of the normal willbe the -1) line passing throgh (5, 6) & my, >) 4st epal3) = | yt 5=1ax535 = | 1x-5y-40=0 Ans. Mustration 16. Ifthe straightline ax by — 2; a, b#0 touches the citcle x” + y®-2x = 3 and is normal to the citele x” +.y/ ~4y = 6, then the values of a and b are respectively ayia 12 w-$1 2.1 Solution Givenx’ + y°-2x =3 centre is (1,0) and radius is 2 Given x? + y? dy = 6 centre is (0, 2) and radius is /79 - Since line ax + by = 2 touches the first circle Ja(l)+b0)-2]_ 5 or |{a—2)] = [Va +b") “a ‘Also the given line is normal to the second circle. Hence it will pass through the centre of the second circle, a(0) + b(2)=2 or 2b= or b= 103}—Putting this value in equation (i) we get Ja-2| = 2va" +1" a (a2)? =4(e" +1) or a $4-da= da’ +4 or 3a + da = 0 co a(Zat4)=0 or a= Ster0) values of a and b are (- 1) Ans. (C) Mlustration 17. Findthe equation aciele having the lines x2 + 2xy + 3x + 6y = Oasits nommaland having size just sufficient to contain the citele xix 4) + yly—3) = 0 Solution Pair of normals are (x + 2y)(x +3) = 0 Normals arex-+2y = 0,x-+3 = 0. Point of intersection of normalsis the centre of fequired dtl i.e. C,(-3, 3/2) and eenteof given circle is (2,372) and radius ty = 4 2 3 Let, be the radius of requited circle = 4=CGty yc — 2yF | Hence equation of required circle is x” + y* + 6x — 3y - 45 = 0 POINT AND LINE WITH RESPECT TO.A CIRCLE. 1. Find the position of the points (1,2) & (6, O)w.tthe Gircle x + y?-4x + 2y-11 =0 2. Find the greatest and leastdistance of alpoint P(7, 3) from circle x" + y* -8x~6y + 16 = 0, Abo find the power of point P want, citele, 3. Find the equation of tangent tothe circle x” + y” 2ax = Oat the point (a(l + cosa), asino). 4. Find the equations of tangents tetthe circle x” + y”—6x + 4y-12 = Owhichare parallel to the line 4x -3y + 6 = 0 5. Find the equation of the tangents to the circle x” + y” = 4 which are perpendicular to the line 12x—5y +9 = 0, Abo find the points of contact 6. Find the value of c'if the line y = cis a tangent to the circle x° + y*~2x + 2y~2 = Oat the point (1, 1) 7. Find the equation of the normal o the eile x° + y® = 2x, which is parallel to the line x + 2y = 3, 8 Ifthe points (2,2) lies inside the circle x + y®— dx + 2y~8 = 0, then find the range of 2. i i 9. (a) Findthe shortest distance from the point M (-7,2) tothe citele x” + y?-10x-14y-151 = 0. : 1) Findthe contin of he pin onthe cre 32+ yt 12x 4+ 30-0, which farthest fom the origin i }E24 [ Circle 7.0 CHORD OF CONTACT (T = 0) Aline joining the two points of contacts of two tangents drawn from a point rz outside the circle, is called chord of contact of that point. 4 I two tangents PT; & PT, are drawn from the point P (x;,4;) to the Po) circle Sax? + yP+ Qax + 2iy + contact T,T, is, 20, + yy; + gx +34) + Fly + yy) + © = 0 (Le. T= O same as equation of tangent), 0, then the equation of the chord of T, Remember ~ (@) Length of chord of contact T,T, = (b) Area ofthe triangle formed by the pair of the tangents & its chord of contact = Ris the radius of the circle & L is the length of the tangent from \(x,, y,) on,$ =0, ae) oR (a) Equation of the citcle circumscribing the tangle PT; T,oF quadtilateralCT,PT, i (x-x) & +9) + W-y) YF) =O. (©) The joint equation of a pair of tangents drawn from the paint Al(x,.y,) to the circle x +P + 2ax + 2ly +6 = Dis: $5, = T% Where S=x? + y? + 2ax + 2fy he: Syex,2+ 9,2 + 2aky4 Bly, + Tem tyy, + alk +x) + fly HY) Bc. EQUATION OF THE CHORD WITH A GIVEN MIDDLE POINT (T = S,) a The equiation of the chord of the citele S =x" + yh 2ax + 2fy += 0 in terms of its mid point M(x, , v;) is yy, = <= 2Gx,), This Gh simplification can be putin the form yitt 2X + Wy, Fa OCH) t Ely + yy) MO= mY + y! Note that - The shortest chard of a cirele passing through @ point “M’ inside the circle, is one chord whose middle point isM, + Zax, + 2fy, + ¢ which is designated by T= S,. DIRECTOR CIRCLE The locus of point intersection of two perpendicular tangents toa circle is called director circle. Let Ph ks the point of intersection of two tangents drawn on the circle x° + y’ = a’. Then the equation of the pair of tangents is SS, ie. (x? + ya) th? + Pal) = (hx + bya? Aslines are perpendicular to each other then, coefficient of x” + coefficient of v? = Uh + a?)n7] + [th + Pa") = 0 = Wak 2e locus of (hyk) isx” + y® = 2a” which is the equation of the director circle. director circle isa concentric circle whose radius is /2 times the radius of the circle. Note - The director circle of x” + y? + 2ax + 2fy + ¢ = Oisx” + y+ 2ax + 2fy + 2e-g°— 105}—JEE-Mathemal Illustrations Illustration 18. The chord of contact of tangents drawn from a point on the circle x° + y” = a” to the circle x” + y° = 0" touches the circle x” + y* = c*, Show that a, b, care in GR Solution Let Pfacos®, asin®) be a point on the circle x” + y* = at, > Then equation of chord of contact of tangents drawn from VC This touches the circle x? + y* = ¢ i) 3 Length of perpendicular from (0, 0) to (i) = radius of (i) Illustration 19. Find the locus of middle points of chords of thé eirele x° + y® = a, which subtend right angle at the point (c, 0). Solution Let N(h, k) be the middle point of any chord AB, which subtend a right angle af Pfe, 0). Since ZAPB = 90° NA = NB = NP (Since distance of the vertices from middle point of the hypotenuse are equal) or (NA) = (NB) (hc) + (k-0F (i) But also BNO =.90° (0B)* = (ON)? + (NB)® = {NB} = (ON? (0B) = th=e) + (R20)"] = (hes 2) - 2° or Oth? +) =2ch + Aah = 0 Locus of N(h, Klis 2024 y?) -2ex + ca? = 0 Ans. Mlustration 20. Lata circlebe given by 2x(x—a) + y(2y-b) = 0, (a0, b +0). Find the condition on aandb , ti clns ascot teans ont dante om (a8 [>2) Let AB be the chord which is bisected by x-axis at a point M, Let its co-ordinates be M(h, 0). andS =x? + y° —ax- 2 e i i Equation of chord AB is T = S, | bx + 0-5 ie+h)- 7+ 0) bh’ +0-ah-0 i Sines pasesthvoun (28) weteveah 2+ it j i : —{i06|Circle 4 Illustration 21. Solution Illustration 22, Solution Now there are two chords bisected by the x-axis, so there must be two distinct real roots of h, BP-4ac>0 (2-4 a > 2b, Ans. Find the co-ordinates of the middle point of the chordwhich the circle x” + y* + 4x-2y-3=0 cuts of the line xy +2 = 0. Centre and radius of the circle x” + y® + 4x—2y—3 = Olare (-2, 1) and J@+123 = 2/2 repectivel Draw perpendicular from O upon. «=. Equation of OM which is perpendicular to x-y +2 = 0 2, it passes through (2, 1) Vie 41-4 @ then equation of OMi8x + y +1 =0 4 Since Mis the mid point of PQ whieh is point of ¢ intesection of xy +2 =Oandx Py +1 =O 27) co-ofdinates of M is 22 Ans. Let P be any moving point on the citele x” + y*— 2x = 1, from this point chord of contact is ‘drowhiwont, the eitele x” + y’—2x = 0. Find the locus ofthe circumcentre ofthe triangle CAB, C being centre of the circle and A, B are the points of contact. The twocitcles are (e-1) +? 1 (i) (e-1P + yo=2 i) So the setond cirle isthe director cicle of the fist. So ZAPB = > Abo) ZACB = 5 Now circumcentre of the right angled triangle CAB would lie on the mid point of AB So let the point be M = (h, k) Now, CM. So, (h-1)? + =| 2, ii So, locus of Mis (x1) + y= 5 107}—JEE-Mathematics CHORD OF CIRCLE AND DIRECTOR CIRCLE 1. 2. Find the equation of the chord of contact ofthe point (1, 2) with respect to the circle x* + y* + 2x + Sy +1 =0. ‘Tangents are drawn from the point P(4, 6) to the circle x” + them and their chord of contact. Find the equation of the chord of x” + y* ~6x + 10—a '5. Find the area of the triangle formed by O which is bisected at (-2, 4), Find the locus of mid point of chord of x” + y® + 2ax + 2fy + ¢ = 0 that pass through the origin. Find the equation of the director circle of the circle (xh)? (y=K) If the angle between the tangents drawn to x” If two tangents are drawn from a pointon the circle et v* tothe circle x? + y? between the tangents FAR BY + c= Ofrom (0,0) 5 teh find value of 15, then find the angle ‘Show that the line 3x - 4y—c = Owill meetthe circle having centre at (2, 4) ahd the raidus 5 in real and distinet points if 35 <0 < 15, 10.0 FAMILY OF CIRCLES (@) (b) © (a) 108) The equation ofthe family of circles passa through the pais of intersection of two crclos S, = 08S, = Dis : S, KS, 0. (Ke-1) The equation of the family of citcles passing through the point of intersection of a citcle S)=0 & a line L=0 isgivenby S + KL = 0. The equation)of a family of circles passing through two given points (x, 9h) 8¢(x2.Y) can be written in the form : x y ] (x=) (-%.) + -v)Y-y—) +K PI YY he ve where K is a parameter The equation of a family of circles touching a fixed line y - y, = m (x —x,) at the fixed point (x. yy)is (x x4) + (yy)? + Ky—y,— m (x-x,)] = 0, where Kisa parameter.