PRESENTED BY:-

➢ GAURAV JAIN

NORTH MAHARASHTRA KNOWLEDGE CITY JALGAO

3rd YEAR CIVIL (POLY)
CONTENT

➢ Introduction.
➢ Types of plastic.
➢ Plastic waste in India.
➢ Methodology.
➢ Test.
➢ Result.
➢ Advantages & disadvantages.
➢ Conclusion.
➢ References.
➢ The word “plastic” means substances which have plasticity, and accordingly, anything that is formed in
a soft state and used in a solid state can be called a plastic.
➢ Plastics are produced from the oil that is considered as non-renewable resource. Because plastic has the
insolubility about 300 years in the nature, it is considered as a sustainable waste and environmental
pollutant.
➢ The highest amount of plastics is found in containers and packaging’s (i.e. bottles, packaging, cups
etc.), but they also are found in durables (e.g. tires, building materials, furniture, etc.) and disposable
goods (e.g. medical devices).
➢ Diversity of plastics applications is related with their specific properties, low density, easy processing,
good mechanical properties, good chemical resistance, excellent thermal and electrical insulating
properties and low cost .
 There are two types of plastic:
➢ Thermoplastic.
Thermoplastic which can be melted for recycling in the plastic industry. These plastics are
polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyoxymethylene, polytetrafluorethylene, and polyethylene
terephthalate.
➢ Thermosetting plastic
This plastic cannot be melted by heating because the molecular chains are bonded firmly with
meshed crosslink. These plastic types are known as phenol, melamine, unsaturated polyester, epoxy
resin, silicone, and polyurethane.
 Today, in India, very large quantity of plastics is produced. Around 55% is used for packing.
Discarded rubber tires represent one of the significant components of the overall polymer recycling
challenge. They are then littered. They get mixed with municipal solid waste and make the disposal
of municipal solid waste difficult. Near about 5% of municipal solid waste is toxic in nature, which
creates the problem regarding its disposal.
Plastic have many good characteristics which include versatility, lightness, hardness, and
resistant to chemicals, water and impact. Plastic is one of the most disposable materials in the modern
world. It makes up much of the street side litter in urban and rural areas.
➢ MATERIAL REQUIRED
➢ Plastic covers, bags and bottles.
➢ Burning container
➢ River sand
➢ Mould of standard size.(19x9x9)
➢ Spatula or trowel for mixing of material.

➢ PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING
following steps of manufacturing and casting of bricks:
➢ Batching
➢ Burning of plastic
➢ Mixing
➢ Moulding
➢ Batching

The measurement of materials for making brick is termed as batching. Use of weigh system in
batching facilitates accuracy, flexibility and simplicity.
The sand were sieved by using 600 micron sieve. The sand and the plastic bags were weighed in
various proportions among which the plastic were taken for burning process.

➢ Burning of plastic
After batching the plastic bags were taken for burning in which the plastic bags are thrown one by
one into the drum and allowed to melt. The first step of burning process includes the arrangement of stones,
drum and the required firewood.
The stones are arranged to hold the drum and the firewood is placed in the gap between stones and
it is ignited. The drum is placed over the setup and it is heated to remove the moisture present in it.

➢ Mixing
Mixing of materials is essential for the production of uniform and strengthens brick. The mixing
should ensure that the mass becomes homogeneous, uniform in color and consistency. Generally there are
two types of mixing, Hand mixing and machine mixing. In this project, we adopted hand mixing.
The plastic bags are added one by one into the drum, until the entire plastic content required for
making bricks of one mix proportion is added into it. When these plastic thoroughly by using trowel before
it hardens. The mixture has very short setting bags are turned to molten state, the river sand is added to it.
The sand added is mixed time. Hence mixing process should not consume more time.
 Moulding
The mixture is then poured into the brick mould and is compacted by using tamping rod or steel
rod. The surface is finished by using trowel. Before placing the mixture into the mould, the sides of the
mould are oiled to easy removal of bricks. Mould removed after 24 hours. The mould is used for preparing
brick in uniform shape. The internal size of mould is 190mm×90mm×90mm. The mould were assembled
and placed on the base plate. The faces must be thinly coated with mould oil to easily demould after
casting.

Burning when plastic

and sand mix

Burning of plastic Moulding

 To know the quality of plastic sand bricks following tests can be performed. In these tests some are
performed in laboratory and the rest are on field.

 Water Absorption:-
Water absorption test In this the bricks first weighted in dry condition and they are immersed in
water for 24 hours. After that they are taken out from water and they are wipe out with cloth. Then the
difference between the dry and wet bricks percentage are calculated by following formula.

W(%)=((W2-W1)/W1)*100

Where, W1 = Initial weight (Normal wt.)

W2 = Final weight

BRICKS ARE IMARSED IN WATER

➢ Compressive Test
This is done to know the compressive strength of the bricks. This is also called
crushing strength of bricks. Generally five specimens of bricks are taken to laboratory for testing and tested
one by one. In this test a brick and paver block specimen is put on crushing machine and applied pressure
till it breaks. The ultimate pressure at which brick is crushed is taken into account. All brick specimens are
tested one by one and average result is taken as brick's compressive /crushing strength.

Compressive strength in N/mm = Maximum load at failure in N / Average net area of the
two faces under compaction in mm2

Compaction testing machine

 Fire Resistance Test:-
The Plastic is highly susceptible to fire but in case of Plastic sand bricks the presence of sand
imparts insulation. There is no change in the structural properties of block of bricks up to 180oC above
which visible cracks are seen and the blocks/bricks deteriorate with increase in temperature.

 Hardness Test:-
In this test a scratch is made on brick surface with steel rod (any hard material can be used) which
was difficult to imply the bricks were hard. This shows the brick possess high quality.

 Efflorescence test:-
The presence of alkalis in bricks is harmful and they form a grey or white layer on brick surface by
absorbing moisture. To find out the presence of alkalis in bricks this test is performed. In this test a brick is
immersed in fresh water for 24 hours and then it's taken out from water and allowed to dry in shade. The
plastic sand brick has low alkali content and so a little white patch is formed over the surface.

BRICKS BEFORE
COMPACTION TEST
1. Water Absorption:

TYPE OF BRICK WATER ABSORPTION

SR. NO.

1 PLASTIC BRICK 1.986

2 BURNT BRICKS 2.884

2.Compressive Test:

TYPE OF BRICK COMPRESSIVE

SR. NO. STRENGTH(N/mm2)
1 PLASTIC BRICK 5.768
2 BURNT BRICKS 3.462
 GROUP PHOTO

AT COMPAPCTION
MACHINNE

BRICKS AFTER
COMACTION
TEST
ADVANTAGES:-
➢ It should be economical.
➢ It should be durable.
➢ It should be light weight.
➢ It should be fire resistance.
➢ It should be easily available in nature.
➢ It should less water absorption compare to burnt brick hence it should use in structure like reserver and
dams
➢ It should be easily made.
➢ It should be good strength.
➢ Removal waste plastic.
➢ Lesser fire resisting qualities as compared to the conventional bricks/stones.

➢ Requires extra inclusion of detail when extra decorative additions are required.

➢ As such they would have a limited lifespan due to degradation by UV. Hot climate or direct exposure to sun
could make them soft. Extreme arctic weather would make them brittle. Or else, they would crack in
several years due to thermal cycling.
 The Plastic sand bricks possess more advantages which include Cost efficiency, Removal of waste
products thus abolishing the land requirement problem for dumping plastic, Reduction in the emission of
greenhouse gases by the conversion of flue gases into synthetic oil etc., This method is suitable for the
countries which has the difficult to dispose /recycle the plastic waste.
The natural resources consumed for the manufacturing of Plastic sand bricks less when compared
to its counterparts. The manufacturing cost could be reduced further by replacing the river sand with fly
ash/quarry dust or other waste products. Owing to the numerous advantages further research would
improve the quality and durability of plastic sand bricks and paver blocks.
 Aeslina Abdul Kadir, Noor Amira Sarani, “An Overview of Wastes Recycling in Fired Clay Bricks”
International Journal of Integrated Engineering, Vol. 4 No. 2 (2012) p. 53-69
 Amit Gawande, G. Zamare., V.C Renge., Saurabh Tayde, G. Bharsakale.. (2012) “An overview on waste
plastic utilization in asphalting of roads”, Journal of Engineering Research And Studies (JERS), Vol.III,
Issue II, pp 01-05
 Ganesh Tapkire, Satish Parihar, Pramod Patil, Hemraj R Kumavat, “Recycled Plastic used in Concrete
Paver Block” International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eissn: 2319-1163, Vol: 03
special issue: 09, NCETCE-2014.

 P K Jain, Shanta Kumar & J B Sengupta, “Mitigation of rutting in bituminous roads by use of waste
polymeric packaging materials” Indian Journal of Engineering & Materials Sciences Vol. 18, June 2011,
pp. 233-238
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