This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: D848 − 18

Standard Test Method for

Acid Wash Color of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D848; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of

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original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope 2.2 Other Document:3

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the acid OSHA Regulations, 29 CFR paragraphs 1910.1000 and
wash color of benzene, toluene, xylenes, refined solvent 1910.1200
naphthas, and similar industrial aromatic hydrocarbons. 3. Terminology
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as 3.1 See Terminology D4790 for definitions of terms used in
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this this test method.
standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4.1 A mixture of the aromatic hydrocarbon and sulfuric acid
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- is vigorously shaken and the color of the acid layer is compared
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- with that of color standards prepared from CoCl2 and FeCl3.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For specific hazard statements, see Sections 8 and 12.1. 5. Significance and Use
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- 5.1 This test method is suitable for setting specifications on
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- the materials referenced in 1.1. It may also be used as an
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the internal quality control tool and in development or research
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- work.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 5.2 The color developed in the acid layer gives an indication
of impurities which if sulfonated would cause the material to
be discolored.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 6. Apparatus
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water 6.1 Containers for Color Standards—Clear and
D3437 Practice for Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic unblemished, clean, French square, flint-glass, flat-bottom,
Products glass-stoppered, 30-mL capacity bottles holding 31 to 33 mL
D4790 Terminology of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related when filled to the neck. The bottles shall be labeled with the
Chemicals reference number of the color standard they contain (see 11.2).
D6809 Guide for Quality Control and Quality Assurance
Procedures for Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Related Ma- 6.2 Test Containers—Containers exactly like those de-
terials scribed in 6.1 except that each French square bottle shall be
marked by etching to show when the bottle contains the
volume of 7 and 28 mL, respectively. Colored crayons and
similar markers shall not be used for marking the bottles.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on
Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsi- 7. Reagents
bility of Subcommittee D16.01 on Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Cyclohexane and
Their Derivatives. 7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
approved in 1945. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D848 – 14. DOI:
10.1520/D0848-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
the ASTM website. www.access.gpo.gov.

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 D848 − 18
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit- 11.1.3 Solution C—Mix 31⁄2 volumes of Solution A with
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, 361⁄2 volumes of Solution B and dilute with 90 volumes of
where such specifications are available.4 Other grades may be water.
used provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of 11.1.4 Solution D—Mix 31⁄2 volumes of Solution A with
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the 361⁄2 volumes of Solution B.
accuracy of the determination. 11.1.5 Solution E—Prepare an aqueous solution of K2CrO4
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references saturated at 21°C.
to water shall be understood to mean distilled water, Type I or 11.1.6 Solution F—Prepare an aqueous solution of K2Cr2O7

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II as described in Specification D1193. saturated at 21°C and dilute with an equal volume of water.
7.3 Cobalt Chloride (CoCl2 · 6H2O). 11.2 Prepare reference color standard solutions having the
following compositions and numbered as specified below. It is
7.4 Ferric Chloride (FeCl3 · 6H2O). not required to make each color standard. Only those reference
7.5 Hydrochloric Acid (1 + 39)—Mix 25 mL of hydrochlo- color standards that bracket the samples being evaluated must
ric acid (31 weight % HCl) with 975 mL of water. be utilized.
7.6 Potassium Chromate (K2CrO4). No. 0—Distilled water.
No. 1—1 volume of Solution C plus 1 volume of water.
7.7 Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7). No. 2—51⁄2 volumes of Solution C plus 2 volumes of water.
No. 3—Solution C.
7.8 Sulfuric Acid (96 6 0.5 weight % H2SO4). No. 4—1 volume of Solution D plus 1 volume of water.
No. 5—51⁄2 volumes of Solution D plus 2 volumes of water.
7.9 Sulfuric Acid (78 6 0.5 weight % H2SO4). No. 6—Solution D.
No. 7—5 volumes of Solution E plus 2 volumes of water.
8. Hazards No. 8—Solution E.
No. 9—7 volumes of Solution E plus 1⁄2 volume of Solution F.
8.1 Consult current OSHA regulations, supplier’s Safety No. 10—61⁄2 volumes of Solution E plus 1 volume of Solution F.
Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this No. 11—51⁄2 volumes of Solution E plus 2 volumes of Solution F.
test method. No. 12—1 volume of Solution E plus 1 volume of Solution F.
No. 13—2 volumes of Solution E plus 5 volumes of Solution F.
8.2 When handling strong acids or acid cleaning solutions, No. 14—Solution F.
wear proper personnel protective equipment. 11.3 Rinse the No. 0 container (6.1) and its glass stopper
three times with water, fill with water, and stopper. Rinse the
9. Sampling
No. 1 container and its stopper three times with reference color
9.1 Sample the material in accordance with Practice D3437. standard solution No. 1 (11.2), fill with this solution, and
stopper. In this way, prepare the set of containers of color
10. Cleaning of Containers
standards from 0 through 14 having the compositions shown
10.1 Clean new containers (Section 6) with a cleaning for the corresponding color solution standards in 11.2. When
solution that will not impact the results, such as a chromic acid filling the French square bottles, leave 6 mm of vapor space
substitute, rinse with tap water followed by distilled water, and below the neck of the bottle. Seal each container with paraffin
dry in an oven set at a minimum of 105°C for at least 1 h. to prevent loss by evaporation or seepage.
Likewise, clean all other glassware used in this test method.
NOTE 2—It is recommended color standards be prepared annually from
11. Preparation of Reference Color Standards fresh solutions.
NOTE 1—Purchase of solutions or reference color standards, or both, is
allowed. The user of this standard assumes the responsibility of ensuring 12. Procedure
any purchased solutions or standards are prepared with materials that meet 12.1 Fill a clean, dry test container to the 7-mL mark with
the requirements expressed in the Reagents section of this standard.
Likewise, the user of this standard assumes the responsibility of ensuring
the acid of the strength specified in Table 1 for the type of
any purchased solutions or standards are prepared as expressed in this
section. TABLE 1 Acid Strengths and Standing Times
11.1 Stock Solutions—Prepare the following basic reagent Sulfuric
Standing
solutions for use in preparing the reference color standards: Sample
Acid
Time,
Strength,
11.1.1 Solution A—Dissolve 59.50 g of CoCl2·6H2O in HCl %
min
(1 + 39) and make up to 1 L in a volumetric flask with HCl Group 1 Benzene, all ASTM grades
(1 + 39). Toluene, all ASTM grades
11.1.2 Solution B—Dissolve 45.054 g of FeCl3·6H2O in HCl Xylene, nitration grade 96 15
Xylene, 5°
(1 + 39) and make up to 1 L in a volumetric flask with HCl Xylene, 10°
(1 + 39). Any other more highly refined
products
4
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American Group 2 Xylene, industrial grade 96 5
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not Refined solvent naphtha
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia Group 3 Hi-flash solvent 78 5
and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, Heavy solvent naphtha
MD.

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 D848 − 18
sample to be tested . Add sufficient sample to bring the total NOTE 5—Suitable solvents, that will not impact the results, may be used
volume to the 28-mL mark (Note 3). Insert the stopper, hold a after the water rinse step to assist in drying the container.
finger over the stopper, and give vigorous shakes with a stroke
13. Interpretation of Results
of 13 to 25 cm, shaking for a total of 150 cycles over a period
of 40 to 50 s, that is at a rate of 3 to 3.75 cycles/s. (Use of an 13.1 Report Group 1 samples (Table 1) as passing the test
automatic shaker is allowed given it can be shown to produce only when the oil layer shows no change in color and when the
comparable results to the manual technique.) (Warning— acid layer is not darker than the specified color standard. A
Concentrated sulfuric acid will cause severe burns on contact cloudiness or haze in the oil layer should not be interpreted as

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with the skin. As a precaution the test container should be a change in color.
wrapped in a towel or enclosed in a plastic bag during the 13.2 When testing samples of Groups 2 or 3, disregard the
shaking period. The test should be performed using appropriate color of the oil layer and report the sample as passing the test
personal protective equipment.) when the acid layer is not darker than the specified color
NOTE 3—If the room temperature is above 29°C, maintain the acid, standard.
sample, and reference color standards at a temperature between 25 and
29°C through the test, and insulate the test container in some convenient 14. Precision and Bias
way, such as wrapping with a cloth, during the shaking period.
14.1 Precision data have not been established for all types of
12.2 Allow the container to stand, protected from direct samples on which this test method is used. Limited cooperative
sunlight, for the period of time shown in Table 1. Without tests were conducted in 1961, principally to establish equality
further delay, invert the container gently once or twice to with the previously used shaking procedure. Precision esti-
obtain a uniform color in the acid layer, and compare the color mates taken from these data are as follows:
of the acid layer with that of the standards (11.3). Make the
Repeatability Reproducibility
comparison against a white background or against daylight, Degrees 95 % Degrees 95 %
Average Acid
using transmitted light (Note 4). When testing samples in Wash Color
of Repeat- of Repro-
Group 1 (Table 1), observe the color of the oil layer as well as Freedom ability Freedom ducibility

that of the acid layer. Standards used shall include standards Benzene 1.4 11 0.75 9 2.34
one number above and one number below the sample, except 6.1 12 1.85 10 4.47
for the samples reading 0 or 14.
Xylene 4.7 12 0.40 10 1.39
NOTE 4—Agreement of results may be improved by using a color 10.2 12 1.14 10 3.52
comparator of a suitable type for observing the color of the acid layer in
comparison with the reference standard color solution. 15. Quality Guidelines
12.3 Designate the color of the acid layer by the number of 15.1 Laboratories shall have a quality control system in
the nearest matching standard, following the number with a place.
plus or minus sign if the sample is darker or lighter, 15.1.1 Confirm the performance of the test instrument or
respectively, than the standard. Disregard any difference in hue test method by analyzing a quality control sample following
and determine only whether the color of the acid layer is darker the guidelines of standard statistical quality control practices.
or lighter than the color of the reference standard to which the 15.1.2 A quality control sample is a stable material isolated
sample most nearly corresponds. If the hue of the acid color is from the production process and representative of the sample
different from the hue of the reference color standard, record being analyzed.
the color number followed by (X). Thus “No. 4 − (X)” means 15.1.3 When QA/QC protocols are already established in
that the acid wash test color is slightly lighter than No. 4 color the testing facility, these protocols are acceptable when they
standard and that the hue of the No. 4 color standard is not the confirm the validity of test results.
same as the hue of the acid layer. 15.1.4 When there are no QA/QC protocols established in
12.4 Dispose of the acid and hydrocarbon properly before the testing facility, use the guidelines described in Guide
cleaning the container. Clean the test container by flushing D6809 or similar statistical quality control practices.
thoroughly with water (tap grade or better) until traces of acid
have been removed. The test container must be completely dry 16. Keywords
before being placed back into use. 16.1 acid wash color; aromatic hydrocarbons

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 D848 − 18
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