Ezekyan 2007
Ezekyan 2007
Ezekyan 2007
Lb4.0'L bflb43Uu
~usna Lbflnt
fanLJLWlllpqwb t ~~ 4Q CiwtuwpwpmpjwG ~n111l~g
npL4bU JlWUWQ~I12 pmhbp~ nnllwCiwqbpllwCiw'lwfi,
wpubtwQ~lllw~wCi, hmllwCi~lllwp u pfiwq~lllw~wu
~w~nLtlllblllfibp~ muwfinllnLPJWG hwllwp
trb--tUl.J - 2001
~S'l 809.198.1(075)
Q.V'l 81 . 2=! g73
b 192
Uwu0wq~mw4w0 tullpwqpp· fl. UUJI}UJUfbU7nJw0 4wG lbqmGbp~. wpublwq~mw4wG l.. llJmu hmllwG~mwp pw-
pwuuw~iiw4wu qtJUl. fln4u-mro , i.J.ifln~bunp d~GGbpmll: nLumllGwnmpjwG [!Gpwg~mll muwGnllnLPJWG hwllwp
lnli12 l)dtJ.wpmpjmGGbfl bG W12W2WGnul llpwu0w4wG llb4 flWUWQfl!?h
4wll mumll0w4w0 dbnOwp4p pwgw4wJmpJwO L4WU16wnntt: =!wjng
tqli4JWO l!JnO lbQ.tt~ JnLflwpwG!JnLfl pwdO~ hwllwp wnw0d~G-wnw06~0 (llb4 4wll bfl-
4m qppbpntt) U1lljWQflt1W6 l.. hf1WlljWflW4fl t1f1W b0 llp 2Wfl~ flWUWQflQbfl
t 192 =Jwjng Lbqm, -bp .: tpl..wOp hwllwlu . hrwm., 2007 p., 402 t2: l.. mumll0w4w0 6bnG•ur40bp: =Jwjng Lbqttfl uwhllwOttw6 6pwqpp(l
wllpn112nl11lG JnLflwgGblm hwllwp muwOn110bpo umfll11t1w6 bG 4WflflW-
'lwuwqppp[! Gwjuwlilbutlw6 t pnthbpr nnuwuwqbpuwuw4wu, lnL wnOttwqO 4-5 flwuwqppp, npnG~ umb116l1bl bG llwuGwqpmw4wG
wpl.abtwql'llilwl.jwu , hmuwlit"JlilWfl L. pliwqrlilw4wli ~w4nttliltililubpl1 pwdpOObrfl hwllwp, ll~ pwO, nr l..' 6rwqpwJflG, t..· dwllwOw4wJflG m
muwlinf).Gbpp hwilwp , WJii oqlilW4LUfl t uwl.a hwjng tbq4p mumgl'l!lib-
fll'lli: Qllppu [!GI')qp4nul t hwJng Lbq411 pnLnfl pw<trGGbn!:! hG!Jntuwpw-
mbtuOfl4w4wO wnmllObpntt lnLf12 fldttwrmpJmGObfl t hwrmgnul:
Gnt!)Jntu , pwnwql'llilnLJ}Jntli , {ll.awpwGntj)jntU, 2l.UflWhjntUnLj)jntG, uw- UJu pwgo LflwgOblm, muwGnllnLPJWO lljwhw020bf1Q pwttwrwpb-
uwup Gwl.a n6wql'llilnt!)Jntli: lnL, mumllOwnmpJwG qnr6o0pwgmll OrwOg dwllwGw4o tuGwJblm
'lwuwqllflPI:! Ljwqu4w6 t u24w6 pmhbpll mumuGw4wG Gnp Glljwmw4ntt l(lnpdbL bOp llb4 qppntt wllpnrt2w4w0 Obfl4WJwgObl hwJng
Opwqpbpru hWULUt.qLUlilWU~JLUU :
LbqttflflwuwttwOflllwO pnLnfl pwdpOObpo· hOL.JmGwpwGmpJmO, pwnw-
qpmmpJmO, dl..wpwOmpjmO, 2Wf1WhJmumpjm0 (llwuwllp OwL n6wqp-
mmpjm0)" pmhw4w0 hwumwmttw6 Onp 6pwqpbpp0 hwllwlljwmwu-
tuwO: u2ttw6 w2tuwmwOQG umb116blflu oqmwqnr6bL bOp hwJng Lbqt1f1
hwllWlljWU1WUtuwO pwdpGObpp t1bpwpbf1JWL t1bf12~G U1Wf1flGbpp0 lr.LJU
mbuw6 pmhw4w0 pnlnfl flWUWQflQbpO m mumllGw4wO 6bnOwr40bfl[!,
(}OflhwOpwgflbL f'lflWO~, bflpbllO Gwu t1bflW0WJbL m Gnrnttfl Gbp4WJWQ-
4602020100 - f1bL pwqllwpfltt hWflQWilf1mllObp m mbuw4w0 'lflnLJpObr:
b - ---- l).tF1- X1.2~ q7 3
704(02)05 UJu wnmllntt nplljbu wnw2~0 l(lnpd, w2tuwmwOp[! p0w4w0w-
pwfl 4m0b0w Owl.. pwgpnrJ.mllObp m ttflfll4mll0bp, npnOp hbmwqw-
JnLll 2U14bLm 0lljwmw4ntt uppntt m bpwtumwqpmmpjwup 4oO'lm-
ISBN 5 - R 0 !\4 - 06!\~ - 9
-&. L. l1 bqtlutu!i , 200 7 Jl ObOQ pnLnfl 4wpqp oqmw4wr m wpdb~wttnp 'lflmnllmpJmOGbpo :
3
Q.l1w4w0 tbqmO dwllwOwl.j~ i]UpWgpmu 6qumLLl t 'lWDOWt OwL.
UflUSUPUu hwuwl1w4mp]w0 (lU'lhwOmr tbqm: .
Ub11 q11w4w0 tbqmO ~11 bl14nt li1Wr'!Pbl1w4Gbpml. Owl! wqqwJ~O.
=!w]ng LbqmQ hwJ dn11mli1'lP hnq!Jnp ilzw4nLJp~ wllbuw0wtuuw- U!JUp0£0' npUjbu wqq 4wqllw4.nr:4wo hWUj1nLJ:)JWU tbqm t: Uqqw]pG
4w0 m wllbOwGLI.~I1w4wO wnqwu~eO t , n11 uLnb116LI.bt. ll2w4LI.bt m qwl1- tbqmO dnqntl.l1'lW4wO wLI.btP mwnw6LI.w6, wllpni'J.2 wqq~ tunuwl.jgw -
qwgl:it t 'lWf1bl1~ m hwqwi1WilJw40bl1~ oOpwgemll 1.! llb11 dnJ1nLI.11'l~ l.jwO tbqm 'lWDOwtm Llb6 hwLI.w40ntp]nt0 m!ibgn11. q11wl.jwO tbqm t:
4b0'lWU~ , tnbuwGbt~ h/12Wli1UJ4Wf1WUU m l.jbUUWL1.1Wll1nlllG t: t">O!ll.lbu Ol.jwtllbL t w4w'l. Q.. Uliw4o. wqqwJ~O tbqm wOLI.wOmllo
t>p111.! w2tuw11h~ wllbuwh~u. qw[lqwgw6 m wubOwhwj'lmutll tb- LnflLI.nul t LlpwJO nrn1.1bu wqqmpJmO 4wqllwLI.nnLI.w6 !lWI1'l4wug hwG-
qmObnflg tlb4rf upwCiitl~ m ~Uf!UWU1~L4 hwJng tbqmu Pl1 llb2 hwpw- 11nLPJWU tbqt.I.~O ' ~ LnWI1Pbl1nLPJnLU LnnhllWJ~U !J gbqw)~u tbqmGbl1~ .
qwuml1b0 wptnwgntmll t llb11 dn11.nlll1'lP 4JwCie~ n11.2 LI.IWLn4bl1[!, Orw n11nuQ unLJO~.qbu bm~b!lu hwup11wL1.~ 4niLI.nul bu wqqwJpG tbqnt:
'lwrwL1.n11 LI.IWLnllmpJmOo hOwqmJu dwuwCiw~Ob11~9 ll~O!I.! llbfl o11b11o: UqqwJ~G tbqmubi10 unL1.npwpw11 l.jwqllwLI.n11LI.ntll bu lLIWlllllw-
=!WJng LbqmQ 'lbnL.u Owtuwq[lWJ~O 'lWflW2fl2WG~g hwqw11WUJW4- 4wG 011n2w4~ dwllwuwl.jw2112WUntll, hwllll.jWUjbU, b11p llllUWL dnqn-
Qbl1~ [!GJ:)WQQnLLl Wli[!li'lhWLn qWI1qWgl1bt nL l.jWLnWI1btwqnl16bt t ~11 LI.nt11'l[! . llllUWL hwuw11wllntPJnLU[! lll.!wLI.n11L1.mll t "11ll.lbu wqq:
Qbl1w4wliwl.jw0 n11.2 4wnmgLI.w6{)Q , hW11ULnWQI1bL m hwtlwtl1bt li11w UqqwJ~U tbqm0bl1~ l.jwqllwLI.nr'!mllo LnWI1Pbl1 w11wqmpJwllp 1.!
pwqllw2b11t11 pWrlWLI.IW2WI1[!: f).tmL.u ilb11 PLI.WI14nLpjntGpg WrlW2 8-7-11'1 tnwppbl1 lllib11nL1. t ~11w4wGwumll WJti.!WJL dn11.nLI.m11'lfib11~ Llntn:
'lWI1bnmll =!wJ4w4wO t br2Gw2tuwphmu l.jwqllwLI.nnLI.mll t hwJ dnll.n- =lw114 t G2bt, "11 hw]ng tbqnLu n11~.qbu wqqwJhG tbqm 4w11n11. t11
LI.mn'lo. 1.! WJ'l qn116oupwg~O qmqwhtn hwJ dnJ1nLI.11'l~ 4nnflqo l.jwqtlnJl lll.!wL1.n11LI.bt 19-11'1 'lWf1~ 50-wl.jwu pLI.w4wuubl1flG, bpp n11n2w4fln11bu
hwjwuw-wl11lb0wl.jw0 gbf'lWJPU u~mpJWG hwtl[!G'lhWCintl1 tbqLI.fl L1.11w WI1LnWhWJLnLI.mll t11 wqqwJpG tbqLI.~ q~Lnwl.jgw4wu ll2w4uwu LtJmtn
lll.!wL1.n11LI.mtl t hwJbl1fl tp0~4w4w0 (dnJ1nLI.11'lW4wli, tunuwl.jgwl.jwu) tb- (qi1WLI.IWJ!!WI1) tlb11 tbqLI.fl UjWLnUnLJ}]WG llb2 , b11p hwLnml.j lll.!nLI.
qmG, n11o n11n2 dwuw0w4 wOg Wl1'lb0 ~11 h~lluwl.jwG on~Ow!wtlJmp 1111LI.w6 t11 q11wpwpp !J w2tuwnhwpw11p tuu'l~I1Q . Gnp hwJhl1bufl' w2-
Jmuub11nLI. l.jwjmGwumu t. ~11 Ub2 Ub11W00nul pwqllwpflLI. gbll.WJ~G WJL ~w11hwpw11~ qn116w6mp]wu hw11gn (tuO'lfll1n):
l bqmOb11 m PWI1PWrlUb11, WUjW 'lWDGmu [!GilhWGnLI1 hwll.nl1'lW4gtlwQ ,WJOQ tbqm(j wul.jwtu =!WJWULnWUP =!Wlii1WUjbtnntpjW0 UjbLnw-
u~2ng hwJ dnJ1nll11'lh 1.! 011w ub2 lltnw6 pntnl1 gb11t11~ hwuwn: l.jwG tbqmO t. n110 wllnwq11L1.w6 t =!=! Uwhllwuw'll1nLPJWO hwilwUJW-
~"'11 pwqUW'lWI1JW qnjnLJ}JWG [!OpwgJ!nLU llbl1 UWJI1b0~ tbqmO mwutuwu 12-P'l hn'lLI.w6nLI.:
WG[!G'lhWLn m pwqllwp~LI. 2ltJnulGbp~ hbtnliwGJ!nLI.. 011 4WLnWI1LI.bt t;(j '1'\btnwl.jwO tbqmG ~OeOm11nLJG UjbtnmpjmG L. Ujbtnwl.jwGmpJmli nL-
Ub11llwL1.n11 nL hbnwt.1.n11. Qbf'lWI.j~g m nl gbflwl.j~g wOhwUWfl tbqm0b- Obgnll dn11.nLI.11'l~ qpw4w0 tbqmli t, LnLI.JWL UjbLnntpjwO UIW2LnnGwl.jwG
11P hbtn, 411bt t qqwl~ 1.! Lnll12 LtJnttJntumpjntGObl1, l.jwLnwl1bL hwl14~ . tbqmu: Uw li2wOw4mu t. n11 WJU tbqLI.nLI. t <+11LI.mll Ll.lbtnw4w0 UIW2tllnliw-
hw~wtu GwL. wOhw114~ LtJntuwnmpJm00bl1 , o LnWI1WpwOmpJm00bl1 · 4wli qpwql1nLPJnLCi[!, WJU tbqLI.nLI. bG LnWI1LI.mll b11411mll 'lWtnwLI.wl1nLpJm-
lflntuw'lW11llwpwl1 wq'lbtnLI. Owl! 011wOg L1.11w: O[!, qn116w4wl1nLPJnLO[!. qnwubUJw4wJ~Ci. ~11wLI.wpwuwl.jwG LtJwu-
dwuw0w4w4~g hwjng tbqmQ mOp 4t'111WilntpJw0 LWJG ntni1Ln0bl1 LnWP'l.Pbl1[! (LI.IWJLlWGWql1bl1. 011b0uql1ebl1. llml1hWI.j0bl11.! WJLO):
I.! pwqllwli.I~U~ qnn6wnntjp: UubOflg WrlW2 WJG <+11w4w0 tbqm t, mu~ Q.l1w4w0 tbqmG GwL. 'll411ngp , l.jppmpJwG , uwllmtfl L. pwm11nli~
il2w4LI.w6 m hwtlw4w11qLI.w6 ebl1w4w0w4w0 4wnmgLI.w6!! m pwnw- tbqm t : Q.l1w4wG tbqLI.~ · Of1LI.Ibu wqqwJf\0 1.! Ll.lbtnw4w0 tbqLI.fl pntnl1
LI.IW2WI1 . U011 <+11W4W0ntpjW0, qn116wnwl.jwO li1WI1Pbl1 ntSI:i11~(j UUjW- qn116wr2mJpCib11Q uwhuwOLI.w6 m wllpwq11L1.w6 bO =!=! UqqwJ~O dn11.nLI.fl ,
UW114nJ1, ~O!UfOU Owl! ub11 dn11.n~11'l~ q(1wqbLn tuwLI.bl1~ hW'l.OI1- 4nll.tl~g o0'lm0LI.w6 «LbqLI.h Llwupu )) o11buenL1.:
IlW4gtlw0 ll~2ng t, U~WdwuwGwl.j <+11!!bl1~. h(1WUfWI1W4WJ~(j nL hw0-
[1Wjp0 WJLLIWJL hWI1Wpb(1ntpjntGOb(1p tbqm :
4
5
j1Jnuw4gw4wG LbqmGI:ip~ 4wll pwppwnGbflll aunq· ~: uJp,}umubp[], nr-
~wG tL liHUWL hwllu1qqwJ~G Ltql{~ lilWfiWOf!WJ~U IJiUjppbjiw~GbjlG bG,
WJGmwllbGwjG~tJ. . ~[j11.4bu pWilWL4W2WflWJ~U, WJUll..lbU l.t ~bpw4wGw-
4wfi mwppbp ~flnllnLJ}JnLGGbpntJ. IIlWppbptJ.mli bG fib. qpw4wG 4wli
wqq.WJ~G LbqtJ.~g. J}b. ~pwp~g:
PU1lLfhu WfHJbU 02t.lbl t. qpw4wG tbqmG mt.lJwL dnfl.nLl.flll~ wqqw- lbqtJ.~ L4WlilliW4wG qwpqwgllw(i [lUJ}WQf!nLU pw[lpwnGb[l[!, wu-
j~G Lbql[fl llflUltnrulwG pwp?lpwq.nLJG alJG t. Gpw ll2tu4l[w6, Gnpllwtlnp- m~tiwGwpwp 2tP4.bLn4. li~llJwGg l.t qpw4wG LbqtJ.jl hbtll, nrmzw4~n[lbG
L{wo, U~on~Ciw4tugtJ.rv6 tf1Wflf'l;;pw4o. np[! pwl[uJpwpmll t dnf1nl[pfl~ li2w4l{mli bG i..t qpw4wfi Lbql[~ hwrw011.t UJqflh9,Jl~JWU humi.J.wfiQntJ.
'l2W4ntPWJ~U lt!i-l.IU.Q~ 1..! Grw q.npomGbmpjwG mwppbp nl npmGbpjl L4W- linmbGnul bG ~pwp l.t hwm4w1.4bu' qpw4wu 4wll hwllwqqwJ~G Lbq-
hwGI?Gbno: UJfi huJUflbu t QWL~U np1.4bu qbfl.wptlbumw4wG qpw4wGmf}- qjlG: Opgwli wl[bLfl wpwq bu tflnjl.Jt.lmll pwppwnGbfl[! _gWitWQGbrmLli,
JWG, qjlmntf}JWU, uwlimLil u hf1UJL4Wflw4wj1Jnumf}JWG, 4PJ}nLJ}JWG, nw- WJUf!WU wt.lbL~ I)WUflWil bG tPnjul[nul q)nLflbpnu.l: iw)ng LbqmG
llllnJjl L. hbllnLUI.nwmbUnLJ}jwG, L4blilw4wG qpwqpmf}JWU Lbqm: hwpmum t pwqliwf}~l[ pwppwnGbpnt.l. 4bGI)w0jl, qnp6nrt pwppwnGbp~
PU!L4bU G4wmbL t w4Wfl. t11. UllWJWG[!, qpw4wG LbqnLG 4wpnf1 t J}~t.l£! hwufimli t 1npu mwUUJW4~: PwppwnGbp~ flWuw4wpqliwG
mwpwOtlwG mwppl::ip uwhllwGGbp mGbGwL, mwppbp 1WtPnt.l hwu4wGw- mwppbp 1WtPWGp~Gtp 4wG' hG1JnLUwpwGw4wG , <ll.twpwGw4wG,
L~ L~UbL hwGpnlp_lw(i mwppbp juwl[bpjlG, PWJQ l.t W)G1.4bu, Gw hwGflbU t pwqliwhwm4wG~2: Swpw6l[w6 t pwppwnGbp~ <ll.twpwGw4wG
qwlllu ~ppl.t lib4 ll~wuGw4wG qpw4wG Lbqm: ll~2m 1t. np qpw4wG Lb- I)WUW4wpqmli[J, bpp, pwg~ gbpw4wGw4wG WJll.tWJlh1Ulll4wG~2Ubp~g,
qmG 1.t QUilhwOmp tunuw4gw4wG LbqmG hwllWL4Wli1WUj1JwGnul b(i ll~ll wnWI?UWJ~G t hwliwpl[mu uwhuwGw4wG b11wGw4~ Gbp4w dwllwGw4jl
JwGg, gwG~ np hGwpwl[np t ll~l.tGnLJG dwuwGw4W2P2WGnul bp4m 4wll 4wqlimf}JnLUQ, [!Ulll n[l~· h~llGw4wGmli mwppbpw4l[mu bG «nuia,
wl[bL~ qpw4wu Lbqmubp~ qnJw4gmll' qnpownmJpGbp~ wl[bL~ 4wll L4W- lti/!J», ~/1/ll (4wll ffflJ) 6JnLil~ pwppwnGbp' qpnuJ btl, /;!J qpbtl,
4wu mwppbpw4tlwllp, ~G11.4bu hwjng Lbql[~ QflWJ~U 2P2WU~ L4Wl11llntp- /;JW(If}Wf fttJ:
JWG lljl2~G Lj1nqmu 4wll ll~l.tGnqG Lbql[~ h~ll.Q~ l[pw mwppbp pwppwnw- «0Lli» ISJnL'l.~ pwppwnGbp~ J}l[~G bG ~wm4wGmli UpwpWlllJwG,
.1~0 h~ug mubgn11 bp4m 4wll wt.lbL~ qpw4wG LbqnLGI:ip~ 4wll qpw4wG llWflWPW'l~· fap~L~U~~. Cwliwjum . UqmL~U~ PWflPIJJilUbfl,O u wnG:
Ll:iql[~ l1lwppbpw4Gbp~ qnJw4gmll (~G!1.4bu hwJbpbGmll) 1.! wnu: «Y[!» ISJmll~ pwppwnGbp~g b(j 'TlnLu~. 4wpGn, iwli2bGp, 4.wG~ pW[1-
5-flllllW[lmll' q[1bpjl q.JnLlil~g hbmn, qpwpwpo qpw4wG Lbqm tp, pwnGbp[! l.t wnG: «l» llJnL'l.~ pw[lpwnGbp~g bG UwpWflWJ~, h..Jnj~
b4bllbgm, Lwnu~. ~wnq.lluJGmpJwG, q~lilnLPJWG mwppbp nLnpmGbpjl, pwppwnGbp[i 'l.t wnG: Pw[lpwnGbp~g JnLf1Wf!WU1JnLflU mG~ j1[1 hwliw-
6wpmwuwGmpjwO tbqm, pw)g wllbGwJG hwl[wGw4wGmp)wllp WJU L4WlilwujuwG bGJ}wpwppwnGbpo 4wli junutlwogGbpo:
[!GilhwGmp tunutu4gw4wG Lbqm itfl hwJ dn11nt.lpll~ mwppbp juwl[bp~ PwppwnGbp[! qpw4wG Lbql[~g llfln2w4~npbu Lnwrpbpl{nul bG
hwllwp. QWG~ np UJJr~ 2f12WGnul u llPW£i~g tL pwl[w4wG dwliwGw4 w- ~G11.4bu gbpw4wGw4wG wnwG?l~G ~flnllntPJnLG!ibpmt WJUL4bu 1.t pw-
OW2 wnwC!~~G hwmtlwoGbpnul np1.4bu hwllnflllW4gtlwG li~2ng qnp- llWJ~G 4wqlinl[:
6w6w4wG t~G fiwu wnluGd~(i j1Jnuw4gw4wG LbqmGbp 4wli pwppwn- PwppwnGbfl~ pWilWL4W2WI1nlll qqwL~ bG OUlWfl LbqmGbflp· hwm-
Gbp : Lbqt.lw4w0 lflwumbp[! gnl)g bG lilWL~U, np qpwpwpjlg wnw2 4w1.4bu wpl.tbuwu Ll:iqmGbp~. liwuGwtlnpw1.4bu ~mpebpbGjl, ~u4 l[tp-
~WJWUUlt.uGjl tmuppbp Zfl2WGGbpmll hwJ4w4wG wnwG?l~(i lllnhllbp l.t I?~G 2fli?WGnur Gwl.t nmubpbG~ wql)bgmpJmGo (htiliGw4wGmu np1.4bu
gl:i11bn mGbgbL bu ~pbGg j1Jnuwl~gw4wG LbqmGb[l[J, npnGg~g llb4~ tPnjuwnnLJ}JmGGbp, uwuwtlp Owl.t np1.4bu omwpwpwGmpJmGGbp):
4wu li~ gwG~u~ h~liwG l[pw hbmwqwJmll ?ll.twl[npl[bL t qpwpwplf ' .
6
hWUWfllJ.bt WJU tbqndib[l!J. nf1nGp mub(i h~d(iwljw[i pwnWJ~D ljtll q tlfl [,
pbflw4wGmpJWU nflW4 4wqllnrt 6UJq.nulGwpwGwljwO [)UI)hwGrmp-
JnLU0b[l1 : 9brtw4gw4wG 4 w iii b f'l~ t, 6wq.nu.JCiwpwGwljwG ouflhwG-
flnLPJntGGb[l~ hrllwG 4.J"IUJ wnwG~GwGnul l.t flWUWljW[lq.Lj_mu bG Lb q-
QuqhwGmp l.t hwubuwmwljwG l bqlj_wpwGmpjwG ljwpl..n[lwq.nLJG LJ.wljwG lllW[lpbfl ll~wlj_n[lUbf'l 4wll, jlGg.Ljbu our;m0Lj_w6 t tbqtJ,wpw -
fl.JGq[l[llib[l[lg llblj[! tbqmOb[l~ I)WUWljW[lq.llw[i uljqpm(ip(j t, n[l[! l.LjbUlp t GmpJwG llb2 wGLj_wGbt. L~q4.woGmw [n_p u bw ntflbllQ gl:irJ.wljpg t;G hw -
hbG4.11 tbqmGbp~ u1121... brtWO n[ln2 ljwL.Ljb[lp 4.flw: 18-[ll) I)W[lntl1, b[lp llwn4.mll llblj [!UI)hwGnq, '' t,llpjl 4.nw qwrq.wgw6 tbqmGbfl[! . nu L! tUF\
qbnl.tu tbqmGb[l[! hwfl4 brtwo~ ~wlfl munulGwul1fl4.wo it~G. wnw2 t pwz- LbqmOb[lp wupnf12nL~JntUQ 4< :.1.mll t tbqlj_wljwu [1Uti1WUjl£ :
4.m11 tbqmGbp[l wzltJwphwq.[lwljwG flWUwljwpqntu[! , n[l[! hf111G4.wo t11 uz4.w6 uljqpmupGbfln4. wztuwnhn tbqmGbfl(l pwdwG~mu tG ublj
UlW[lpbp tbqmlibfl~ UlWflWO£?WJ~U ljWL.Lj[l l~JIW, [JULTI n[l[l' W2fl.JW[lh~ tb· l11WUUJWlj~g wl{btlt tbqlj_W[)Ul11WUjlpubf'lf'l. ~f'lWUgpg b(j ' hGflb4.[1nl1.j W-
qmGbp£! pwowGLj_mll t11u hjlCiq. tullp[l' QUlll lhl.JmgwllwpGbpl1: ,wuljwliw· ljwG, ppb[ln-ljnLJ.4wu jwG , mq.[ln-:tJtJGGwljwG , w:flf1114JWU , wllbfl~4JWU ,
Lll t, n[l CiuwG qwuwljw[lq.mll[! LbqmGbpl1 pGmJ!}I1 n[lnzuwO m G[lwOg pmflpwljwG, llnGflntw4wG l.t wnu : lltJI..tGnLJG tbqlj_w[!GIIIwG r pjl llb2
Gbp~I1Ci ljwl.Ljbfl~ pwgwhwJUlUWii lllbuwljbm[lg q.l1mwljwu WflObJ? ~t[l 4w- LhnGnrt tbqmCibfl[J O[lwGg u~21..t bf1w6 gbnwljgwljwG 4wl!ibrl1 ubr-
pnrt CibpljwJwgObt. pwG[l n[l WJG h[luGLJ.wo t[llllWflWOpwJflG hwtnljwGI12~ UlntPJWU h~llwG 4.flW ljwqllntu bG m4.Jwl [!OIIIwGrnr qwGwqwO OJill -
4.flw l.t wCitnbunLu tilL bqnLGbfl~ 11~21... brtw6 Gbflpi1G ljwL.Ljbfl[!, flli!L4bU Ciwt.. flbf'l(! : ~GflbLJ.pnL.Ljwljwu tbqLJ.woGmwG~pQ wllbGwpwqllwtbqm tbq~w
CipwGg pUnLJPfl [!GqhwG[lntpjnLGGbpG m lllwflpbpmpjntGObpn: ljwG [!UU1WG~p[ibp[lg llblj(j t, ll[l[! wllbG~g LW4. t ntU.l lUUUJU!lf'l4.W6
,blllwq.WjnLU WrlWQ b(i pwzlj_mll WJL I"J.WUWljwpq.mll0b[l l..u, tJOi- WJU pwdwGLj_mll t 12 OJnLrtll. rGi'-4rur_p b(i " hUI)-jl[ll.UGwljwu . ULW4.n-
L.Ljbu" owq.muGwpwGwljwu, 6GGr}wpwGwljwG , Ot..wpwGwljwG , hnq.b· Gw4wG , q.b[lllwuwljwG, ~mLf1I!W4wG . tubpwljwG, 4btU1wljwG, nnuw-
pwGwljwG , lflmLWJ~G 1.. wnu: GwljwG, PWLP~WljwG l.t WJLU:
19-pqqwptJ ~bub[l[lg tbq4.wpwGmpJWU ubQ flztunrt t qwnOnultb- ~Cil'lb4.flnL.LjwljwG tbq4,w[!GU1wCippmu wnwGOpG OJmrt t ljuqumu
qmGbpp mumuGwul1pmpjWU U~Wli1llwhwllbuwll1w4wG brtwGwlj[! , n[l[l hwJbflbU[! , nf'l£! l.t" 6wq.muGwpwGwljwG , l.t gbrtw4gwljwG [!UflhWOf'lnt)'}-
hrupmu oli4w6 t[l tbqmubflp gbrtwljgmpjwG ljwll 6wq.nulGwpwliw · JnLGGbfl mGjl ULW4.nOwljwG , nnllwGwljwu , q.bnllwGwljwG , ~JlwGwljwO
ljw[i QCiqhwliflnLPJnLUUbfll1 u4qpmGpo: ~Ulll n[lmll· tbqmGbflfl gb- 1..t WJL 6JnLf'lb, .pu l.LjwmljwGnrttbqmubnr hbm :
rtw4gmpJnLU[! nrnztlmll t[l GflwOg 111121.. brtwO 6wq.muGwpwGwljwG 19-f'lfl r}W[l~ wnw2rG ljbubflpG , bpp flbn Gnp tJ'l hpllGwf1r4.tt hw-
[!GI)hwli[l mpJntGG b[l[l 11112 ngn 4.: ubllwU'lwljwG tbqlj_wpwGnLpJntU[! , up tumup tbqL!wpwGGbp hw jbpb -
UJul.Ljbu' hwubl1wUlbtn4. lljl 2WflQ tbqmGbfl (hnLGw[lbG , LwLlltJGb- Go hwllwpmll tru huf1b4.rnL.LjwljwG tbq4.w[!GmwGpg~ ~flwGw4wu
pbG, amub[lbG , q.b[lllwlib[lbG, hwJbrbG 1.. wnG)" tbq4.wpw0Gb[l[! gnLJg OJnLf'l~G l.LjWLilljwGnrt lbqm, pwjg hbmwq.wjmll, hwmljwl.Ljbu hGt~mCiw
U1Lj_bgtJG , np WJil LbqmGbpm11 LjwG IJUI'lhwGm[l 6wq.mll mGbgnrt pwq· lflntuwljwG, pwnwljwqllwljwG l.t Ol.twpwGwljwG wnwGO~G orbG.gGbr~
uwpr4. wpllwlllObp 1.. Qb[lwljwGw~w(j Ol...b[l , ~Uit1.jbu ' hwjbpbG UWJ(1, hwubllwmwljw[i mumllGwuppmpjmGGbp~ hpuwG Lj_pw 6zq.flm4.bg . np
nmubpbG Mamh q.bpllwubrbu muller, hmGwpbG meter, L4Wflu4brbO hwJbpbGG ~pf'll.t hGilb4.flnL4w4wG tbqm ~li_pGmpmJO up 6Jmrt t Gtr4w -
madar 1.. WJlU, ljwl1 hwjb[lbU UIWU{!, rlnLUb[lbG gec.Rmi,, LWLnpUb[lbG Jwgumu l.t in umGntll hG[f-jl[lwliwljwG OJntrttJ ub2:
decem, hmGw[lbG deca l.t WJLG , I1GiL.Ljbu Gwl... pbflwljwGwljwG npnz QpmwljwG mumllGwutJpmpJWU WJU l.t pwqllwJir4. WJL hwrgbpmll
Ol.tbfl' plif1/iu, plif1/iu, plif1ft, nmubflbG 6ep eM, 6ep ewh, 6ep~;m, ljwll rfl llba wLJ.wGr}G mop q.bpuwGwgr hwJwq.bm =1wJGfllltu ,JmpzllwG[!.
pulj Wl.LjW Gwl.t' wljwGw4.nfl hwjwq.bm ,f'l . Unwnjwlio : 4.bf12tJGu , hwG-
hwjb[lbG ' bu -/1£1. q.b[111. /ch - me/n, nnLUb[lbU .R - MeH.Rl.t WJLU :
q.wllwGn[lbCi nwmllGwurrbtn4. hwJbrbGmu bn.wo hl1flb4.flnL4w4w G
Lbqtlw4wG WJU tflwulilb[lU tt QnLJQ m4.bgpG , nr WJI'l [!UI)hWU[lnLp-
jntGGb[l[! 6wqnul b[i ublj [)Ur}hWUnL[l Wf'lpjnL[lpg , nf1r9 hbtnwq.wjmll
1
wnw2wgbl bG pwquw~r4. WJLLbqmGtp: UJu~Gpu · gtrtw4r9 4wf1nrt bG St."u t"fl U11.WJWG , Lt.qljwpwGnt i))WU h[llln t CtpGhp t .. 1987 , t2 666-670:
8
tbq4w4w0 pntnr lnWflflbfl[! , gm)g ~n4bg, Ofl hu'lb4flnt.llw4w0 tbqmub-
~toL ~uatrtt. (qruPUr)
11~ Wl'lubuwu tUilp~ llb~ ll~n0btn4' hwJbl'lbuu ~GpGm[lnLJO dJnLI'l. t u w-
nw4bl ll brll:.u4nf1 gtHlW49nLJ3JrlLU muh hmGwpb!ip, ~(lw0w4w0 , u Q[lwpwfl u2wuw4mll t qf1w4nll· q[l~ lluo4: Q[lwpwfl[! qi'IWJ~O llun4
utw4n0w4w0 tbqmGb[l~ hl::i~n :
2
w4wG114wo tbqm t. npu ~ppu QflW4wO tbqm u4qp0w4nf14bL t 5-1'1'1 flW-
[lntll' lln~nw4ni'IWI.llbu 405-406 p4w4w00b!'1~0 ·. q[lbfl~ q)nLin~g hb~nn :
1~1lOw4wGmll [!GI'}m04w6 t WJO ~nbuw4bln[! , n[l q[lWPWfl[! b'lbL t
=mans Lb!24.1" !2Uf'QUSUUL <I>ntlbf'C ctwllw0w4~ ctn'ln4f1'1Wtunuw4gw4wu u ll~uunl)O ctwllw0w4' qf1w4w0
tbqm , [GW)WO !~ wu~nbu4mll Gwu ln4JWL ctwllw0w4whwln4w6nul
wnwGla~G pwf1pwn0bfl~ qnJmpJwu lflwumo:
t'-[1 pwqllW'lWfl)W qojnL!}JWU [!UflWgpo uJ hwjng tbqm[i WUQbL tO-
1[1. U6wn)WU[! q[lwpwfl~ hwllw11 ~nwr.pbf1w4mll t bp4m 2fl2WG'
I'IW4w4w0 qw,qwgllwG lnWflpbfl lflmtbfl : 1tlllGw4wGmll wnwu<'luwg -
nu4b'1Wfl)W0 4wll Ubu[lnl.l.IJWU, n[lU [!GI'}ql'14ntll t q[lbf1~ QJnLlll~
4mll t bflbp 2fl2wu· htlO hwJb[lbQ 4wll qnwpwfl (5-11-1'1'1 'lWflbfl) , ll~
u4qp~g ll~U!u 460 p4w4w0[! u l:i~nnu4b'1WflJWG 21'12WG, n[lO [!UI'}Qf14nLil t
~~G hwjbflb(i (12-16-[11'} I'}Wflbl'l) u 0n[l hWjb[lbQ 4L!Jil wztuwnhwpw[l
46'1 p4w4wu~g hb~nn [!04w6 ctwllw0w4whw~n4w6o : Qrbfl~ qJm-
(17-1111 11 w 11 ~ 9 ll~u!L. llbfl oflbflo): u~G!u 5-11'1 'lwflo. wJu~upG · lltlG!u
111~9 wGil~~Wl.llbU hb1nn W)U tbq4n4 b[j q[141::iL q~~nw4wG, l.l!Winllw -
q[lbfltl qjnLin[) uo40flWPWfl lnW[lpbflw44mll t Gwu hwjb[lbU~ uwtuw-
4w0 , 41'1n0wb4b'lbgw~w[j bfl4bflG m l.l.IW2llln0w4w0 qi'IWQ[lnL-
q[lW)~G 2fl~WU[! : 1W) U!WinllWq[lnLf)JWU lflwulnb[l[! llWinUWU2nLil
p)mOOb[l[! : U11'lb(j 5-[l'l 'lW[l~Q W)U tbq4n4 b(i 4WinWfl4bL UWu b4b'lb-
b(i , n[l uwtuwq[lWJtlG hw)b[lbU[! . ~pflu hw) ctoll.n4fl'l~ [!UI'}hWUnL[l
gw4w0 , 4fln0w4wu pntnfl WflWfln'lnLPJntGGb[lG m 6~uw4w~nw[lm
tbqm , tlll h~lluw4wG wnwullGwhw~n4mpJmGGbfln4 4wJmGwgbL t PJnLOGb[l[! : 5-fl'l 'lWI'lnLil tflwu~nwg~ h~llQ t 'lf14mll Gwu hwJ qf1w4w-
5-fl'l 'lWf1~9 11bnuu 2wu1 m 2w1n wnw~ : 1w~n4wl.llbu nL2WQI'IW4 bu Gmp)wG[!, wnw4bt uu' hw) l.l!Winllwq[lnLpJWU[!:
U. lun[lbGwgm «1w)ng l.l!WinllmpjwG» llb2 h~2Winw44w6 tflwulllbl'l[!, 1w) 'll.llflnLPJnLG[! u4qp0w4nl'14mll t ctwllw0w4~ wllbGw02wGw-
nLfl Obfl4WJwg4mll b(i 4~l.llwuw0w4w0 2112wG~ q[lw4wumpJwO ll~ 4nfl l'}bllpbfl Ubuflnl.ll Uw21nng~, Uwhw4 'llwflpu~ u UflWUg W2w4bfllll-
2Wflp l.l!WlllWiltl40b[1, O[ln(ig tbq4~ h~llw[i 4flW 4WI'lbl~ t QWI'\WtflWfl [ibfl~ wull~2W4wG 2WUQbfln4:
4wqllbt hw)ng h~u tbq4~ . Gwtuwq[lwJ~O 2fl2WU~ hwJbl'lb(i~ U!Win4bfl~ Uwhw4 'llwf1pu 4wpn'l~4nu[! llbo Obfl'lflnLil mG~ O! ll~wJO q[lbfl~
llwu~[j ; 1w~n4WU!bU mzwqf1W4 b(i 4.whwq[j~ 6001'}~ 04Wf1Wql'lnLPJWU , u~nb1161lwu QOflOmll , WJLL. qpwfl4mll t11 Qfl~u~nnul::iw4wG qf1w4wGmf)-
U[llnwzbu~ u Uwflb0~4~ u~rm l.llul~nllmp)wG, UfllllW2butl "ll'l~ U[llnW- JWG pw[lqllwGmpjwG qo[10bl'lo4: L11w wum0n4 llbq hwubt b(i Gwu ll~
4wq'ltl L. GflW hol'l l'}bll WU!UinWilpbtm U!WinllntpjmGOb[l~ 4bf1wpb!'1- 2WflQ 4wGnGw4wO qn[lObfl, ctwllwGw4~ un4nllnLPJmOGbru m J!WI'IQb-
JWL hw~n4w60b[l[! : =jw~n4WU2W4WG t Owu, Ofl WJ'l hw~n4w6Ub[lmll 11£! G4wf1wqi'IO'lll~ QWU~ P'lPbfl m b[1qb11 :
11bnuu hGwqoLJO 2112wGmll qn[l6 bG w64bt pwqllwp~4 pwnbfl m w[l- =i~uqbflOfl'l I'}WI'l~ G2wuw4o11 llwtnbuwq~f1Ubfl~9 t11 l:iq0~4 4o'l-
~nwhwJinnLPJmGObfl , n[loGp hwu'l~l.llmll b[j uwu WJUOI'14W llbfl tuo- pwg~u . 0[1~ hb'l~Uw4w6 qo[lOb[l~g t «l:il'\0 WI'\WUI'}OQ[!». mr hb'l~UW
uw4gw4w0 4wll UOLJU~u4 QflW4wG tbq4mll . ~U!l.llbu · hm{l hb{l, lm. hb04bto4 «Uu~n4w6w2Gi~» 'lflnLJpGbfl~ 4f1W, hbflpmll t ctwllwuw -
/uWf1U7JW21.1/WU7WU!IIjj1q, qw{ltlflftft[j OI]!Iq0j1q L. WJLU : 4~ WI'\WUI'}Gb[l[! Ul.l.IW21nl.l.IWUmll Ql'l~UinOUbw4wO 4flOU~ WllW2W'lflW6
Lwtuwq[lwJ~U hwJI:iflbG~ llzw44w6mpjwG u qw[lqwgllwu bfl4Wfl u4qpm[ip(ib[l[!, hwln4Wl.llbU WllW2 t pwzmllll~WUin4WOnLpjWG hW[lQ[! L.
2fl2WU wGgwo t~Obtm llwu~(j bG 44wJmll Owu QflWPWflnLil L4Whl4wG- WJ'l h~llp~ 41'1W hb[lpmll pwqllwu~n4w6mpjw0 L. Qfl~UlllnObmpJnLU~g
4w6 pwqllwp~4 I'}Wflla4w6Gb!'1 m WfllnWhWJinnLpjmOObfl , OflOUQ qqwltl lnW[lpbf140'l W'lW[j'l(jbl'l[!:
llWU[! tll'l <'luo4 u ~llwu~no4 hb~nwqw)mll wugbt t Owu Wfl'l~ hWJbl'lb(i~(i : UbuflOl4 Uw2tnng~ 4JwGp~G m qoromubmpJwGo 04~r4w6 wnw-
2~0 L. ll~w4 w2tuw~nmpJmuo 4oi'IJnLU~ «4.wf1p Uwztnog~» Wl'lctbpw -
4ofl bfl4G t. Ofl[! ulnb'l64bt t 5-[1'1 'lWfl~ pwnwu0w4wG p4w4wGGI:i-
2
Sb'u trJ. UI'J.WJWfl , G2t!- wztu . t2 675: fl~G : 4nfljnLU~ WJU bfl40 l4Winllw4w0 llb6 Wfldbp mu~. Ofl~ llb2 hbll.~-
10
11
t11~2b~ J:!WqUWfltJ4 l)Wflll4w60bfl nL plaw4nf1 WJlU'lWhWJU'lnL-
uwlw ub6 pwpbiUil.Onlp)WUP !iljwpwqnmd t qnbr~ UU'lbll.OUWU hwfi- pjnLUUbpl}~(ij_u OfiU pw4,wljwGw~wttJ U'lWflW64w6 bG u ~bG ljnfiQJlbL ~
QUJUwup0b(1[l LL ctwllwl:iwlj~ ljwf1lanf1 flbuwb"fi!J: UJUU'lbfl gnLJg t pbGg qbrtwQ~U1wljwG wrdbQ[!. ~Gi_~bu «LW4 t tjnqn wwn4. pwG'
U'lf1~mu . pb bflp , rfil.~ruh ~WJUWUUbf1nlll [., mil obnpn~ bfi UU'lbrt6~bL lllllpn4». «~q~mw4g4w6 llwho llwh t. Q~U'lwljgtlw6 llwh[!. wOllwhmp-
hwJng qp.bpo : l!nrJmGQ Uw2u·mg ~ wzu•4brLn!1 t11 t., 41nr6b L t lizQf1U'ltl- JnLU>> u WJLG :
rbG m hwur.qr£ tjlwuU'll:ipml Gbn4wJwgfibL ~fl munLglh nrt2 qnf16m - t!1_~2b~ h~2JWL W2tuWU'lnt.pjw0 Llb2 Gljwf1WQf14w6 ~wt.ndwljwG
Gbm~JmGG m wiJmpWUWL~ 4WUU1Wlf!r a.flwuU1bflf'! L. GljwrwqpmpJmGObfl~ h~llwu ~rw· hbU1WQWJmll' 1wJrb-
UJu 2112wu~ qnwljwum~JwG ilb2 pwgwnr4 Wfld'bp bG GbfllJWJwg- GwljwG llb6 UJWU'lbflwqtl~ lllW[lpGbp~G. 'l. '1bll~[1'6JWG[! QflnLil t ~11
linul hWJ dnlln4!1llP UjWIIHlmpjWii ts>b"flU WflU'lwgnlnrt Up 2Wf1Q UjWU'l- hWUf1WhWJU1 «4Wfll)WUW0R» ~WU11lW4b~[!:
Owljw(i bf14bfl, nf1nCi,g l.jwrlanfl bG wllbG~g wnw2 Gf1wGn4, n11 ~WU'l =!~Oq.brtnflfl llWflP wubGwGzwGw4nr ~wU1UWQ~I1[! Un4ubu tun-
llwljwG umnl)q 4lwumbr~ hpuwG 4nw GbflljWJwgGnul bG llbfl dn- [lbGwg~G t, n[l~G wG4wGbt bfi «.QbppnllwhWJfl tunrbGwg~». ((Ub6G
llnLI.rul~ wtlpnrts>w4wu ttjWlllllm~JmGo · uljuw6 Gwtuwpfi~UU'lnGbwljwG pbrpnrt Un4ubu» . «S~bqbpwhniw4» u WJLG:
2f12WU~g ll~Giu 5-fll) l)Wfl[f dwllwGwljrlJqf1w4 t'JU wnmlln4 UfiWGg~g U. tunrbGwgnL wGm0n4 llbq hwubL bG Ll~ 2Wf1Q bfllJbr. n[lnGg~g
WllW2~UQ UqwpwGqbr)_nU~ «'flwUlllntpjnLU 1wjng» wztuwU'lntpjmUG t . wllbGwOzwGw4nf1[! Gflw «~WJng LljWIIlUmpjnt.GG» t: UJO Qf14bL t dw- .
nf1[!, pwg~ ~WU'lliwljw(j U~ 2Wfi.Q ljWf1unf1WQ.nLJU 4'!WUUlbf1~g , hwG- llwGwlj~ GzwGw4nf1 flbllpbf1~9 llblj~ ' Uwhwlj PWQfiWU'lnt.Gnt. hwGll-
qwtlwunnbG Gbf14WJwgGmll t Gwu 1wJwutnwGnul .Qfi~UU'lnubmpJwO OwrwpmpJwilp : t>[l wztuwUlwOp[! zwpWI)flbL~U tunpbOwg~G . pwg~ b-
UlWf1w6ilwO nrt2 qnp6[)u~wg[! , SflflWlll ~wqw4nf1~ , qfi~Qnfl Lmuw- ll.WO U'lWflpbp qrw4nf1 WllPJnLflGbr oq.mwq.nr6t.Lmg, hw'6wtu l)~llbL t
L.J.nilill UJWlllL'iwljwO l')bflO WJU hwflgnul: Owu ctnlln4f1flWljwG pwOwhJmumpJwG GJmpbrtJO' flpwGp hwllwpbLn4
~WJ dnrtn4fHl~ wilpnf12W4WG UjWliHlnt~jWG 4'!nfll! t ljWlllWf14nul ~ppu 6zllWf1UlnLpJmGG wnwpwGnpbG I.I.IWU'lllnll m ObpljwJwgOnll qnr-
G>w4uU'lnU Pmqwlil')~ «'TlWU'lUnLpjnLO =!wjng>> wztuwU'lntpjWO llb2: 6bfl : tunrbGwgm <<'TlwLrtllmpJt'.IU» wllbGwljwpunfl WfldwO~pG WJG t.
Pmqw0l)~ h~zJWL qfi.Q~g ilbq hwuw6 hwU14w60bfl[! [)Gl)Qflljmll n11 Gw GbflljWJWQ[lbL t hwJ dnrtn4f11l~ wtlpni12W4wG ~WU1Unt.pjmGrf
bO 2nlfl2 htJtw l G U1Wf14W (4-111) l)Wp~ bflbuOwljwG p4wljw00bf1~9 uljuw6 ~fl ljwqllw4nrllwG dwllw0wljwzr2WU~g u~G~u IJrzwljmG~Gb-
ll~OLu ml)umOwljwG j)4_wljwGObfl[!) ~wt.nllmpJmO[!: Pmqw01)~ WJil 11~ pwqw4nflnLPJWU 4brwgnLLl[!: rr ~WU'lllnLf>!JWU tlbp hb!l_~UWlj[!
wztuwmmpjnLU[! qr4w6 t hWj[lbOwu~rwljwG PWflllfl nqn4, ~wtnljb Ou•u hw4wu111tJ t.nbf1.b4mpJnt.GGbn t U'lWL~U hwJbfl~ hwrlawO pnLnP ctn -
f1W4nf1 m qb11.bg~lj n6n4. n11nOg hw!lwfl h~llGwljwG WllPJnLfl bG 6w - lln4mrl)Gbr~ llwu~G . WJG n~ LljlwJG hwllwf14bL t hwJ h~G 4Jw0p~ hwO-
nwJbL U'ltUWL ctwllwOwlj~ hwJ dnf1.n4nll~ ljbf1LLjWfl[). PWfi.Qbflu m un4n- fiWQ~lllWfiWU[!, WJLU ~11 hWUU1W!I1 lllbr)_(i mG~ fiwu hw!lwztuwflhWj~U
flnLJFJGI:if1[! : <1> . PmqwOfl~ h~zJWL ~WU'lUnt~JWU ll~ 2Wf12 4'!WUU'lbf1~ ~WU1Uwljw0 qf1wljwGntpjw0 llb2:
hpuwG 4flw hbU'lWQWjnLtl qp~bL bO u~ ZWfi.Q L4Wt.nilwljw0 ut.nb!1_6w- qrwpwrJwG 2f12WO[! hwpmu111 t Gwu pwrqllwOwljwG qrw4w-
qnr6mFJjnt00br. npnug~g hwlllljw~tw h~zwU'lwljmpJwG WfldwO~ bO Gnt.pJwllp: Uburnl4 UwzU1ngo. Uwhwlj 'Tlwrpu[!, Grwug pwqllwp~4
f'w:tJ:f>m «Uwll4i::iL», UU'l. Dnf1JWU~ «'11WL4 ~wqw4nf1» ~wmllw4b~bf10 uwGbp[! Qflbfl~ qJmUl~Q wGil~pw~bu hbU'ln llbnOwrljmll bG L4Wf1Uljb-
m pwqllw~n4 WJL bfllJbfl: rbG~g , hmGwpbG~g. bprwJbpbG~g. wunrbrbu~g La hwrlawO wa Lb-
~WJ LljWUlUWQ.flnt.pJWU uzw0w4np l).bUf!bfl~g t ti'l.~ZbG, nf1[! llbq qmubr~g ll~ zwrp pwrqllwGmpjnLGGbr: rawrq!lwG4mll bG W!l_npp-
hWJU'lU~ t ~11 «4WflflWUW0g ~WLntlnLp]nLU» wztuwUlnLpjwllp : brt~zb(j Obp, l)w4wGwpwGwljwG Qf14w6pubn . '6wnbfl, llbljGm~JmGGbfl La WJtG :
bf1.hL t <<U4WfiWJf1~ PlPnLL[! » u ~, ~WU'lllnL~jWO llbs> UU'lb!1_6bL t qb- UJl) dwllwOwlj~ pwf1qllw0wljwG qLmtuqnf16ng[! UuU14wow2mO!G t11.
11Wfl4buU'lwljwG LW4WqnLJU ~WU'lljbJ1Ubf1 , nrnG,g Qf14W6 bO Qbll.bg~lj. n[lO OQU1WQnf164.hL t Gwla ~pflla [!OpbflgwGnt.pjwG Q~flQ la GfiW Wql)b-
htlwJ~~ Lbq4n4 m non4: =!wUlljw~bu mzwqrw4 bG hwJ ljwGwGg gmpJWU U1Wlj wu111~6wGwpwr Jlnnwg4hL bG h~O un4nf1ntJp0br[!. hb-
04hr4w6 hwlll4w6Gbr0 m ~wUlljbrw4nr Wf1U'lwhwJt.nmpJmuubr[! : i=JWGnumpJmO[! Ulhfl~ t U14bL .PrnuUlnGbmpJWG[!: UJO tlb6 wql)bgm-
13
12
bpp ~wpqijmtl t. np qm0ijw6 OzwOwqpbp[! ~ul.i pw~.twrwpiuli
~JnLG t f=ln!l!imu n~ llpwJG hwJ w,wmllwqpm~JWG, hwJ 'l~pmpjwu Lt.
dnlln'~Pr).Wl.jUJfi pw(iwh_lmUnLJ)JWU ijpw, WJL uwll hwj llwmbuwqppub- hwjbpbup ~whwu2ubp[!. 4.nwllzw~mh wpewJp hpwtlwunij ll Uwhw~
pp tbql.J~ h n6p, Gpwug ~wmwpbLnLJ)JWU ijpw: 'Tlwppllp hwtlwCiwjlimpjwllp U. UwzUlng(! ijbpgunul t llp tumllp ~w
Un w 2f1G(! hbug UwzmngG t. nr ~WflqUwGmll t UumqwowzO~~ Un- mwOpGbp l.t. !lb~Onul Uunpbumwup bp~m ~wrtweObpo ' Ullpfl L. br).b-
rtm, n u~ w nuJljtib[lpg: Unw2pO pwnbp[!, np qpijmll bu · hwJbpbO Gnp upw: UJumhbml.t. Uwzmngu pp wzw~bpmubpr•u pwdwOm!l t tp~m
Gz•JJUIWl f'l:irm.l . ll r.pJmOp 44wJmpJwtlp hbmL.JWLubpu tpu. «fiwGwtbL tullpp. llp llwupO mrtwp~mll t br).bupw ' wunpw~wG ~~pnLpJWU, tlULJ
q!lllwulnnq~p l fi !.~ qtuf1WL'1 pllwuUJL qpwOu hw06wpnj» : llJmuubppu· Uw!lnuwm· hmuwpbu unijnpbLm: btl whi.JJ tf)bupwJmll
bp~wp ~wptwpwueubppg hbmn UwzmngpG ~cw2nrtt!nul t uUll:irt6tiL
uturn'TJ uucsnsl! bo.J. ~ua Qfltrr Q3ntsl! hwjng qpbp[!, Lt. tlG!~bu 4npjmGG t t!~WJnL!l. «Lw Pfl umpp nqn4
hwjflwpwp 6Gbg Gnp nL uewGibLr• 6um0r).Gbp' hwjbpl:iOtl Gzw0wqj1bf1[!>):
U lJ•JJ2mngu 4-5-fl!) f1Wpbf1p !izwOwijnp flb!lpbppg t, qpbpp qJm-
~wJng qpbp[! umbrt6bimg hbmn Uwzmng(! qumll t Uwllnuwu1
mp hb11pOw~[l . hwjbpbOp WJpmpb!ip Ulllbrt6nrtu. 6w0w!tlw6 qpLnliw-
ljwOO nL pwpq!lwGpw : OGtlbL t 36i pijw~wupu SwnnOp qwijwnp ~w ew11we. WJUlilbl1 hwur).p~m!l wqqmpjwllp hnLJG =innl.jlwunu wum0n4
gb~wg q)mn_nul: 4.whw!i UllwmmOm !iwtuwObnumpJwllp pwrttlbL t llp qpwqpp Lt. Gpw oqGmpJwllp zLn~mll, ~wmwpblwqnpomll hwJbnb-
Ozw~wumll, npmbrt qmOijnul t upw qbpbqllwOo. npo WJUOp tL uppw- Gp WJpmpbG[!' h:.t~llu:~wmwutuwubglibLntl r).pwue llbl'! Lbqt{p hG!JnL-
LI'IIHtP t hwtlwpijnul n112 hwjmJ)JWU hwllwp: uw~w{j hwllw~wpqp(i:
~bnllu thuli~w~w!i hwuw~mll U. Uwztnngo hpllOwijnp ~ppmp U4wpmbLn4 hwJbpbup Ozwliwqpbpp llzw~mllO m 4bf12Gw~w u
JnLU t umwgbL. «~pptlbL t hbutuwljwG ~ppnLpJwllp>) . mppw~bmbL Ollwijnpnul[! · Uwzmngu pp wzw~bpmObpp hbUl ijbpwr).wnunul t hwmb-
hmuwnbu. wunpbpbu, L4Wpu~b11bu tbqmubp~G. 6wnwJbt t 4.w 11 wp- upe. mpl.t. hwj dn11ntlnLpr).[!, wuOwllp PUQ[!. 4.nwll2W~mh pwqwijnno.
zwl4WU1P wpj?mlip 'ltltlwlimll, qpwl14bL qpOijnpw~wO wpijbu111nij, ~wpn11p~nuG m "112 wpQmup~[! llb6 gG6mpJwllp m tupwtuowuQnij bO
utu~wJG fipw hp!l!iw~wo lit4wmw~G m bpwqwueo brtbt t hwJ q11bpp, [!Ur).nLOmll u11w0g: l"l11wunij pulj hpllQ t 'lPtlnul hwJ Gnp 'l~PnLPJWUI].
hwjng wJpmpbOp ulllbrt6m!lu: qpw~wGmpJwG!i m pwpqllw!iwljwu wpijbuLnpli: UJ!imhbmL. 4n[lJnLiip
bpp qnrtpwO q.wijwnmll Uwzmng(! QppumnGbw~wO nLullmOe tp ij~WJnlpjwllp ' Uwzmng[! Ltl0m!l t uwll U114W0Qmll m 4.pWUUlWiinLU r..
lllwpw6mtl , wullp2w~bu qqwgbL t hwjbflbu qpp u qpw~wumpjmu
wztuwmmll t WJ'l ctn11ntlmpr).ubpp hw!lwp uu unp 'll4PnLPJnLU Ulilb i1-
inLCibOWLnL crwCip hbmla.UJ!iplibp[! ll. tllii~bu lipw ~bOuwqpp 4nllJnLUG
0bLm p!iwqwijwnmll:
t qqwgbL, (<WJO~bu mpm!lwqpO hnqubpnij ~wzwf1ijw6 m pw~W[lr).W
~Lutflijw6 Lt. thnwO!lmGpubpp 6tflwuep llb2 ou~w6 . pb wpr).Jne ~Oil4P
u~ btJ' r:fUlUp WJ'l pwOp hwtlwp»: tunpw~bu tfpLnw~gbLntl WJU hwpgp
~wpL.npm~Jmuu · Uwzmng(! r).pllmll t ~wpn11t1~nu Uwhw~ tfJwrpl.t.pO :
qnuluJpijnul t !lpwpwOObpp tunphmp'l u hwJnQ 4.nwllzw~mh wnewJp ~wjng tbqijp L4Wli1!lw~wO qwpqwg!lwO hw2np11 tflnLtD Up2pu hw·
W2W~QnLJ:ljW!lp ~WjWUIIlWU b(j pbpijm!l 'lWiipbLJWU !izwOwqpbp[!, n- Jbpbu!i t, npu [!Ur).qp~mll t 12-16-pr). 'lWPbfll}: Up2pu hwJbpbli[! ~wqllw
pn!igntJ u llmn bp~m 111wpp Uwzmngo nLumginLPJmO t wumll u !lw- ijnpijm!l t hwJ dnrtntlll'lP ~wmllmpjwO llb2 Ozw!iw~WLP ~w111!lw~wu
GmltObppG hwthpbQ unijnpbgumll:
llp ~wpl.t.np ppwr).wp6mpjwllp, np[! qmqwr).p~mll t wpwp1JJI.jwG mtlflW ·
1bmwqwJmtl t4wpqijmll t. nn WJ'l Ozwuwqnbp[!, np qtnlitlbL tpG L4bUlnLpjwO ijbpwgllwG[!, hwJ ~blllw~wlimpjwli ijbpw~w!iq!illwliQ L.
wunpp b~pu~n~nu l"lwOpb[p llnm , wllpnrt2ntlpu !ttlG ~wnn11 WlllilW-
hwJ dnrtntll'l'lP mumbuw~wu m !lzw~mpwJpG ~Jwu~p wztumctwg!luJuo :
hwJUlbL hwjbpbGp hG!JnL!iGbpl] , ll np r).pwGp hwjbpb!ip hwllwp hnpp!i-
Up2pO hwJbnbG[! (fmOijmll t hp!i hwJbpb!ip L. wztuwphwpwn~ ll~Fi!l.t. l...
4w6 ibU brtbL mu111p Lt. U. UwzmngG m Uwhw~ 'Tlwppuu «'lW!lOJWL
WJ'l wnmtlnij hwlir).bu t tfWLPU npll.lbU Lbq4p qwpqwyuwu WJfl lip~ ni
hpljpnpll wuqwll C!nLJG hnqup llb2 bu [!O~Om!l u llp pwO~ dw!lwGw~
tlp bLP tru 1..,h fJ mpnu1 rwwG)): ljwpunpwqmJu L/'lmLbfll] ~w~nrt hp!lOw~wO Oflw~:
15
14
~jntGObpG m utW2lfln0LUI.jw(j 4'JwutmUf')rU~bp[): Ujr) UJWtntlwqht"JUbflp\:)
3n~brmfl'l llWfl~9 u~uwo· h~G qpw~wG hwJbpbGp 4flw wul11~1Sw bu' 1n4,h. 'lf1wutuwuw~bp1Ilg~O. ran4,llw Up6pmG~G. U[l~umw~bu
Gwpwp mdbrJ.wOnul t tunuw~gw~~.u wnwuCipG tbqmGbfl~ wqf')bgm- Lwum~4,bp.mgj10, lt~pw4nu Qwu6wl.jbgpG, '-{wprJwG U[ll...htg~u. Unw
f!JnLGQ, nflh hbl!ll.twGpnLj QflW[!WflG Wfl!lbG 11-12-pq 'lWrbpnul llW'lW- EbL 'lw4fl~dbg~G La mp~zGbp:
pnul t dnlln4fl'lW~WG LWJG qw0q4,w6Gb[1tJG hwu~wUWL~ L~libLmg, np~(j u24w6 hbfl~Gw~Ub[lG ~pbOg bp~bro h~lluwl.jwGnul q[lbL tG dw-
tf1ntuwp~Obtm t qwL~u Lbq4,w~wG ll~ Gn[l n[lw~· ll~2~G hwJbpbuo: llwGw~~ tunuw~gw~wG tbql{n4,' bppbllG tnmpj? i.Ilwtnt! Onpwpnrtpnr
11~2~Ci hwjbpbu[! L.u ll~wtllWflfl La ll~wu.Gw~wu tbqnL !~ bflbt: Lim ll~2~U qpw~wG hWjbpbO~ ttic,~:w~wG liiUJj1[lbptJCi: nrnz UjUJli'Il1U!~p[1·
2fl2WGmll =!wjwumwumll qn[lObL bu ~~2~0 hwJbpbO~ ll~ 2WflQ 1!1Wfl- Gbp, rttnf16btn4 zwpmGw~bL h~Q t:.;wmllwqpm~JWU wt.jwur~nLJpubp[!,
pbf1w~Obp, npnGg~g llb~Q 4~L~~JWU ~wqw4npmpjwG UJblilwljwG wzttJwtnbt bG ~pbug qn[l6bp[! bppbl.lG 2W[lWfl.flbL hhfi hwjbpbun4_
UJW21IlnGw~wG tbqmG tr. np[! La 4bflw0nul t Y~L~~JwG hwJ~w~wG ~w qpwpwnml.. uw4wJO Grwug WJil 6qumu:lo wGwflWfltnnL~JltH.lp Ll1 4w·
qw4npm~JWG wu~nu.l~g hbl11n (16-fl'l llWfl): 'l[lwGnl.l f1U4 u4~qp t UlWf14.bL, pw[J~ n[l ..UJil 2[l2WGmll qpwpw[l[! dnf1n4.flllW~UJu LlUJU
llfl4nul ll~2~G hwjb[lbG~ npw~w~wu Gn[l 4'JmtmtunLf!JntGObp~G. np~ qwGq4,w6Gbp~G Wflllb(j llwtf1!bL~ tbqm !tp:
[!Gilbfl.QnLll Cll.tw4,np4mll t Onp qpw~w(j hwjbpbuo' wztul:.lflhWpW[l[!: IJ~p~G hwjbpbu~ 21'l2WGmll qb'l,WJ14I:iutnw~wG QfL.ul!wGm~JWU L
tl.JWLnllwqpm~JwG hbLn Gnp 4bflbLB m qw(1qwgmll bO WL4[1nul Owl>
U~p~G hwJbflbO~ zr2wumll qwpqwguwu l.t ~WI11Wflbtwqnp6llt..u0 Gnfl
q~lllmp]wG ll~ zwpp OJnlflbp, llwuGw4,n[lWL4bU pc:tz~m!}Jmfi[l. flflUJ-
npw~ bu UlllwGmll n! llpWJU qbf1W~4bumw~w0 q[lw~wGm~JnLUQ,
4wq~lllmPJnLUQ, 4'JPLpunlJ1wJnL~JnLU[!, pbpw~wuwq~umLpJili.[iQ LL
walt' UjWliHlWQflnL~jntOG nL q~mw~!.UG tnw[lpbp pGwqw4wnGb[l~U
waG. npnGQ q[l4,mll t~G dnf1n4.fli'JW~wG LWJU qw0q4w6Gtr~G hwuLfw-
4 bflw~b[lnfl nLUmllGwu~pm~JmGOb[l[!:
Owt~. llwtn!bLP tbq4,n4:
11~2GWf}.W[lJWG hwj qbf1Wfl4bUIIlW4w0 qpw4wGnLJ::tjmG0 ~fl pn-
fiL2wqpw4, bu hwln~UJUjbU Utu~~Wfl 1b[lwgm <dbpllwg ututi-
4,WUilW~nL~jwllp, tbq4,w~wG, wptnwhwJUl!w~wG ll~2ngubpn4. m
J)WflnLPJnLU», Ullp[llln4.twp Ullwupwgm «OqmLn pdz4mpJUJU)> pd2l'•JJ-
qpw~wO dwGpbnn4 wllpnf12n4~G Gn[l rlfiW~ t[l, n[l[) 1.. pw4,w~w0~G w-
q~tnw~wG mumllGwu~[lnL~JmGGbp[!, Utu~~w[l qnz~ La Ullpwm .,
llwp tp wGgbL hwJ h~[J qpw~wGm~)mO~g:
Qmuf')UlnWPL~ «'lWIIlUJUUlWGWq[li?bfl[!» l.& waG:
1wJ ll~2GWilWPJWU qbl'\wp4,butnwl.jwG qpw~wGm~jWG WllWp~G
2fi2WU~ tw4.wqnLJG wptnwhwJIIl~W <l[l~qnp uwflb~wg~li t[l. np[!
4~LP~JwG rwqw4,npm~JWU 4,bpwgmli~g hbliln (16-flll flWfl) lir ·
2~(j hwjbpbGG WUUl~l'.iwGwpwp l!lb'l,~ t UlWL~U ~11 [!Ufl.bp,gnul al!w4np-
hwjiilG~ t ~[1 uzw(jw4_nr «Uwl!ljWG nflpb[lqnL~JWU)) Ujnblln4_, nrt[! La
4.w6 l.& wpfll::iu pu~ hwumGLugwo tbq4w~wG ll~ Gn[l npw~p' Gnp hwJb-
llbp dnf1n4flllP 2f12wGmll tnwpw64,w6 tr «'uwflb~» wG4wunuln4,, ~G~
pbG~G ~wll wztuwphwpwp~G:
l4bu Gwl.t pwqllwfl~4 mzwqpw4, U1Wflb[ln4,:
UJ'l 2f12Wfi~ o,pw~wGmt:~JwG GzwCw4,n[l flbllEbfl~9 t~G Gwla 1n4,- 1.1nr qrulluu =.ustrtu
hwuubu Uwp~w4,wq[!, qp~qn[l Uwqt,ut.npnu[!, ubpubu CGnphWL~G. (UCtuUP=tUPUr}
:bp~~[! l& nLfl~zObp: 11~2GWilWflJWU hWJ ~wOwutnbfl.OnLf:}JWU llb2 [!np
UztuwnhwpwpG ~ppl.& ~flw~wG tbq411 Gnp npw4 ~wqt.lw4,np4,nu.l L.
~llwutnm~ m pn4WU'lW~mpjwllp t Obp~WJWg4,nul urpn pbllwu, hwm- 6l.tw4,np4,mll t 16-17-fl'l llWflbp~g hbtnn, ~Gwjw6, [!UUl n[lnz mumliGwujl-
~WL4bU 4numw01l~[J b[lqO~wgm Ul!lbr]OWqn[16nq:ljmuubpmll, uwhw- pnrtGbp~. Opw tbq4,w~w0 LnWflflbfl[! hwGil~UJnUl bG 'lbn4u 7-pn llWflnul'
L4blll 12nt!W~~ hwjpbO[Jbpmll: U4_btLLQ£ibGj? Gwl.t, n[l WJU 2fl2WG[! Lbq4wpwGw4wG q[lw4wGmf!JWU llbp [!OrtmG4,w6 t mwppbpUJ4bt wz-
hwm~wUJbu p0m~wqp4,mll t hwJ qbf1wp4_butnw~w0 wp6w~~ tuwphwpwpp qwpqwgllwG 1npu bG~W2fl2W0:
r
u~qp0w4npllwllp' llbllu Utu~~Wfl <ln2r La '-I.W[lfl.WU Ujqb4gm hwGpw- Unw2~GQ 4wqllw4,n[lllWG ~wll 4wf1 wztuwnhwpw[l~ 2Jl2UlUlJ t
hWjl11 wnw4Gbp~: n[lG [!UilQfl~nul t 17-18-flllllWflbfl[), bflp hwJ dnrtn4.rflll hwllw[l hwuw-
unfl 4,bpbt!2 t UlllwOmll Owl.& U~2[WilWfl~ hwj UjWIIlllWq[lnL~JnL pwljw~wG, pwr[wpw~wO LnLI'l2 l!lb'l,W2Wfldb[l bG 04w1Ilt.ln!tl: UJu
(j[!, nplrlb'l., tl LnWJ1pbflnL~jmu Owtunf11l2fl2WU~, hwj utWliltlwq~[1Gb[l0 2fl2WGnLll pGw4wOwpwp [)UilLWJ04mli b(i Gwl.t q[lwttwu tbqL[p qn[lCW·
w4tL~ zwl!l hbu4nLll b[J La oqmwqnp,)mll 4~llw~wG wpdwOwq[lm- I"'
2*
10
WJU hnuWUR[! PUiiflwGgnul t UCIIlll~nij~wu, L. 1824p. rtl~~l~unul ~11 w-
Om~jwCi ntnplllObpo: Uztuwphwpwp f'bq4.n4. LnLJu wztuwph b(i qwt~u nwQ~(j ~wllw~llmOQObll(i t u4umlll.Jbpu~uJw0 llllll1"90· npfi [!Oilhwu-
op~QflnL!)jnLUUOp, [h.UliUJl.jfibp, nlllD!lll(ibp: t"p wzf'uwphwpwp WrlW- flW~bu hwJ dn'ln4.1lllf1 mumllOw~wO m llzw~mpwJ~O ~JwOpmll wO-
Q~U lnWI'lbjlfi t hnp~Onul WWIJ.WZ ,nijGw!=lWli[!, wpl11wuwhllw0~ llf'
qDwhwtnbL~ ownwJnLpJmOObll nLiibgwij hblllWQWJnLil L.u: 1820 pl{w-
ZWilQ QWI'lW!}Cibpmll lnll..IWQJ14.nul b(j wzf'uwphwpwp wli'lflWU~~ ~wCipg Ja~l»Lf1umll qnpObL bO OwL. hwJ~w~wli pwlllbpw~wCI wnwOli~O
qp_gbp[!, ~u4 Ullulllb!lllWUnlll LnLJU t tnbuumll wputuwo wztuwnhw-
f'ullj:!w~Cibll:
pwp~ WllW2110 _gbpw4wOmpjmOn (1711 p.)' pwqllwp~L{ wpctb_gwl{np
Qpw~wu Lbql{~ llzw~llwO m hwllULllwgllwO qnnOmll wlimpwliw-
IJilmzObpnij:
LP t bll.bL hwJ 'l~flng~. munulOw4wO hwuUlwlllnLpJmOObntJ llbllo:
~fl. U~wllJWO[!, hbllliJbLnl{ U. UJtn[!OJwO~ pbpwO lflwumwp~Obpf10,
Ollw(i_g ubpu~ujwO llUf(lngo hwllwpbL bO QllWI.jWii wztuwnhwpwpf1 w-
wztuwphwpwpf1 wnw~f10 fillmz t hwllwpmll PQ£ihf1 WllllwOwqpmpJm·
DW2~(j 21:ipllwOngu m utnllOw11wun. fi11w uwubpu m mumg~tfibnu w-
un {1358p.). ~u~ q, Uuw~n·· h~O ~nLI'lWi~ Gwllp qJml'l~ Ull1blflwu 4_wp- nwQ~Ci[i t~CI. np qp~ wnwli, llzw~bg~O m ~.nwnwObg~O WJillbqmO, n-
'1W~bUlf1 qpwO «ni'\P !Xmi'\WJbgijngn pwOwutnbl10nLpJmOIJ (1605p.),
llP(i w2w~gbL t [iwL. lfnu~L{wJtJ LwqwpJwO 6bllwnwOo. n~11
n11f1 tbqm(i QllW~wOwgnl'\ PWilpwn~ hOwqm;O wplllwhwJtnnlpJmOO t:
UUlbi'\OL{mll t OwL. bpq~ m ntnw[iwl{nll~ LbqmO:
tp41l"fllll! wztuwllhwpwpf1 liL.w4.nllllWO ~wll LnLUw4.nllW4wO Q.pw~wO wzrJwnhwpwp~ llzw~llwO Qn110mll llbO tp OwL. 'lnn-
211~wCICI t (19-llll llWilf1 u4qpf1g ll~OtL. 70-w4w0 pl{w~wCIObllo) u pw-
lllwUlp llb!l[! (mil unl{npmll tp h.J. UpmtJwOo):
dw04_mll t bp~nL b0pWZI12W(jtf 0wfuWhjnLU~UW41WJLJW0 L. hjmuf1uw- dwllw[iw4~ hwj WDW2Wilbll bpf1tnWUWflll(jb!lO, WJil pl{mll UWL.
41WJUWU: t.wtuwhJ muf1uw4lwJLJW0 bOpwz112w0mll qpw~WJRWil(! L. ub!lUf1UJWCI lllllllngf1 lr Lwqwpjwli !Sbllwpw0f1 2112Wiiw4.wntnObno. n-
Lbql{wzf10wpwpmpjm!i{! 11b11L.u mwn4.mll bCI LllwpbpwJf10 liL.nl{, L. Lb· pnOg llb2 wumf16wCiwJ!Wil wppOwOmll tp wqqwJ~(j f10_g0w!SwCiwtm-
qmCI pwl{w~wO~CI wCIIl~on~Ow~ t, ~wtnwn4.nul bCI llzw~llwO nLI1f10b- pJwU qqwgllmOp[!. muwOn11w~wu tullpw~Obp tro ~wqllnul L. otnwn
llf1 npnCimllCibp (UpmtJwO, 'llwUl~WCijwO, uwqwpjwO U mp~zObp), Lbqm[ibp~O qmq[!Upwg muw[imll liwL. hwJbpbO, llzw~mll wztuwphw-
11bnL.u t~w 4wqllw~bll~4.w0 llwllmL L. hpw~wpw~wtunumpjmO: ~JnL pwn Lbqm(i, bllQnLil wzf'uwllhWPWil WDW2~(j lllWI'lb!l[!:
uf.uw4lwnJw(i bOpwzp~wfi{! pCim!'lWQill{ntll t f1PilL. 4wqllw~bp~L{wo UJu nqL.np4_w6 bllf1ll1wuwnllObnu tf10, np, llf1wullw0 qwl'lw4'lwll-
Lbql{wzf1CiwpwpmpJw0 L. QllW~WJPWil~ 2112wG: Obpnl{ tnntlnfl4.w6, 'ln!1UfWtnf1 hwllwLuwnwOmll b11qmll t~O L. hCitbg-
19-(lll llWil{! f111n9 wzf'uwphwpwpf1 lllf1pw~btnmpjwCI llWil(j tn: limll. «fit/ !Q/unb hw;b(Tbfi, n1 rfwfiw!l uw qo(T/UJJ nn~bu h~llO hO!nll
~bCig WJil llWil~ wnw~p(i _gwnnllllntll hwJ dnl'ln4.fl'1~ hwuwnw~w~wCI, WJU tlln!'lb!l[!:
QWI'lWQw4w0, llzw~mpwjf1CI ~jw(i_gmll tnbll~ mObgwO WllllWI11W4w(j UJutnb'l. bO OOL{mll L. hblllwqwJmllLWJO tnw11w6mll ulllwOnul ~w-
tllbl'lwzwnctbno O~wutnmll L. tupwOmll bO OwL. Onn Lbql{f1 llzw~llw(i(j OnOwl{np llzw~4.w6 wztuwphwpwnn4. Qll4.w0 pwqllwp!'ll{ LWL{wqmjO
nL qw11qwgllwOo: bnqbn. n11nGg pl{mll OwL. q_ 'ln'lntuJwGf1 bwOnwhwJlll (<0f10tm0wl!o»:
~WJWUtnWO~ bp~m tnwppbll hwllll{w00bllnLil ~(i_g(jmpmjOWpWil nLuw(inl'lw~wO WJU llf12WLl.WJflnLil WDW2f1(j wliqwll [!Opbllgl{mll t
2wnmOw~ijmll b(i qwpqwOwt w11L.bLwhwJ L. wpL.IlUlwhwJ 6Jml'lblliJ. tu. UpmtJwOf1 «'-lbpp ~WJWUtllw0f1» 4_b~f1 11~ llbnwq~ll opf1Ciw~(J. n[l
~nb(ig pOnnnz Lbq4.w4w0 op~OwtwlflmpjmOObpnij: qtnOL{mll tp Onw lltnbpf11l wzw~bpll10bnf1g llbljf1' q. U_gf11lJwO~ llnt11:
UnL.bLwhWJ wztuwnhwpwp~ llzw~llwCI m hbtnwqw qwpqwgllwO Uju~bu tp h~ll_g 1111Ltmll, llzw~L{mll L. wutnf11Sw0wpwll LWJO nLnllLn
qnp6mll ~wnL.n11 11b11 bO tuw11mll hwtn4w~bu llzw~nLpw 1 ~o ~JLi.IO_gmll 'lnlllU QWL~U Onnwpn11.pn2 QllW~w(i wztuwphwpwp[!:
4WtnWI14.WO f11lWilWilc'lnLpjnLCI0b!l(!, wllb[i~g WDW2. nLUf}Lil(iw~w(j I ubnuf1ujw0 'lllll1"9(j wztuwphwpwnr llzw~llw(i pGonflwO til hw-
hw utnwtnnLpJm0(ibpf1 ulllbl10mll(!: llwlll{mll nt ll~wJO 011w hwllwn. np Onw uwOtnn tunumll L. Qllmll tf10
1810 p. UutllpwfuwOnul pwgl{nul t U11wpwp]wO ijwpctwpwO{!, WJ'1Lbql{n4. ~wll nn OnLJU~u~ wnw0llf10 wnw11~wObp '1wuw4.w0'14.mi)
1815 p. Unu~ijwJnul' LwqWilJWO 6bllwpw0[!, f1u~ w~w· mumllOwpbp tf10 Wfl'lbli Qf'IW~w(i llw~Wil'lW~~ hwuOn11 wzf'uwllhwpwpnl{, WJLL. WjU
19
18
LJiW!..rr6wnmt. np rp.~j1ng~ .2112WCiwqW[1UlUbpG W2tuWUlWU1J~ ttJG Ub4-
0nul hWJ4w~wG liiWflpbn qwqwllUbf1, ~fltiGg hblll U1wGmll Gnpw- · «hf1wdwr41:itnLI. UpnLI.JwG!lG W2tuWfihwpwf1t' h~iluwtlPI1 eiwGw!LiLmg,
uulbflO L. 11b11l.U wullzw4 unp Qf1W4WU hWjbp!:iG[!. U1Wj1W~Jnllll.... nLUnL- I!WGh "11 Gt1W hwuwr nt ll!l OpJb4111!1Ll rntl.JU!l ~mGbGE , ubfiE Upn4.JliJGtJG
gwumu WJU hwJ I.J..lWlilwupGbppG, 11i1WGn4. wtJpwu.jfil")nul upw 111"1Pflb- hwllwllnlll bCtE tlllf\JWI1hwpwp!l llWUtr L4Wlii11.4W0m~jWU htJU(twqpp,
f1~, _gwrlw_pwg~nq::~;mu U'lwL~u GpwO (h~ztGa 'Tl. 'l'lllnZJwO~ hmzbpn qpwpWftU.Hlb(ld 1.4WJf!WI1r htJL,UWiltJP, Q.f1LUL4WJEW(1j1 ht'lllGWfljljl. nrmf
hbmL. Wjll L4WJEWf1nll~ wntiJ2Unt!3-JmfJ[j ltrm£1 1-4uH.n4w1Jnu1 t OnwD>) :
3
tu. Upn4JwG~ llwu~O): ra~:PL~umll WflW2~G hwj Ull4UJflW0[! "Lbpu~u
JWU q~pngj'l U'l~WflWUO t(l , npmb11. h~ll0w4w0mll r}WUWQjlJ?bfl tj10 tu . UpnLI.JwG[I m~ll.JWfthlupLLt('l!l LL!pt·.l:it.whtul Q[WJI.juJO Lbqt~ll h[H}-
lfllJ..!WqptJnul GwL wztuwnhwpwp lbqtJm{: 'lrwOg~g llb4£! hbug UwllrP !t. pw_IQ Gw UJJ'l qpm4••JC! tbqt~ll tuo!:iGwllho L~2VJI.-tnll.G m mLu·
tu.Upnt!JWUj1 UJppbOwrwGu tj1, nro hwtlwuwpwp qpqbL t 1838p.: Uju pw~ni"LU t, unp q.f1WI.jU!U ht!Jjtipl:;f]j"t ~I'!VIlUI.ttljnr•U'.t•fJ huulwp. !'rt'-!i•q
wnmunLI, Ozbuj? uwu Up l.jwpl....nn nwuqw~WUf! , nfiU wG!l~2WL4bU 4w~t.lw6 L4WJPWflll ~u4w4wG l).f1nzw4w~!li1G m h!lllGwfltlpfibr!lg liti~Q. L. np
t qrw4wu wz~-.Jwph:.upwpplluwtlnrllwO. Grw hbU'lwqw qwpqwgliwG m 4wrunj1 t' UflUJ «o.l.hflli 1wJWUUlUJGtJG~ wp~l::iLtuhWJ ppwljwGm~JLUU
llzw4liw0 hbUl: tunug[! qbpwpbrnul t Gztlw.l hwrgbpntll tu. UpmlJwG~ lll::i2 wnw2r G qbll.wl141:im1lw4wfl wpow~ uwbq6u.,~np6mp_lntfi0 t. np
m0bgw6 r}bp~G: =iwJ pwGwu~nm~JWG, hwU'l4w~bu qpw4wGwq~Ulm~ Ql14w6 t wzluwflhWpWI'\ tbqtlnLI.. qqWL!HlllbG Q.!'lW4L!JUU!Qt!WO Gnr hw-
JWO llb2 tuwtWlilnlfl UpmlJwfl~(j hwliwflbL bO wztuwrhwpwf1 q.rwLtwG Jbpbfln4. ru4 U11W llll 2WI1ll WJt Wfl~W4 q.np6bj1 m ~wj1qllwfim~jntU
lbq4_~ h~uuwr}pfl 1.... ttlnpllbL bO upw hwOpwhWJU'l l{b~tJ LbqtlwLtwG (jbl1 llltUWL dwuwflw~r q.pw4wfi Lbq411 Lw4wqnqO GllmzGbfl tO (!10!-
lllwrtrlbp~ htJilwG Ll.rw hwulllwmbL wm r}flnLJ~I!: UGzmzU'l, tu. Upn4Jw0~ l4bu' «0~uwu0w», «Lnr tLn~q}1 lz. U.IJLG).
(('"'bn.P =iwJWUUlwuh» tlbum 1.... Grw qbll.Wf14bulllw4w0 m pwrqllwuw- Uztuwrhwpwpp qwnqwgllwG tr•4rt"f11l. hJnLUtJUw..LflwJLJWG bG-
~wG wzruwlllmpjmOubfl[! zwUl llbO r}bfl bG tuwqwgbL q.rw4w0 wzfuwf1- ~wzn2wGo pGmpwqptlnul t llP11L 4wq~w4bfl~4w6 Ll:iqtlwzj1GWf1W-
hwpwf1j1 llzwLtuwG. qwpqwgllwG m hwpumwgllwu qr.jlomll. pwJg Gw 11nLPJWO L. qpw~WJ(!Wpp ZP2WU , ~pp thqmu QQ.WLtJ iW~nl{ uj1op!1Gw4
(u 4wll nrL.t llb4 mp~zl!) Ltll 4wrni"L qrwLtwG wzfuwphwpwptJ hhllOw- t 11wnunul, qwrq.wGnul tlwllmt~ L. hrwu..jwpw4wtunum~JwG hbrn,
llPfl hwuwfltlbL htilnuJWL ~wUl6wnGb11m(: t12wl!tlmO t Gwl.... r}U-Iflng!l L. qbll.W11tlbulllw~wG qpw4luGm~JWfl LliqmG:
l.Jwtu . «LbqqtJ htJllUWrJhl1» Wl111lWhWJU1nLpJnLU[! WllhWUW11W4 t[1pnp'l 2J12WU(! hwllw11tlmu t dnrtntlflfl.W~u.tflwgllwG 4WilllUJUW-
1.4WJllwGw4wG t. n·i llh wGhwm !~ 4wpnrt npl....t Lbqtl~ hj11luwr}llfl Lll- ~w0 W2tuwphwpwf111 (70-w4wG pl{w4wGubl1!19 ~llG~L 1920~.) u p0m-
GbL. gwGjl "11 JnLflW~Wli!JnLfl LbqnL uwtu 1.... WOW2 hwuwrw4wLtwG pwq11ltnt~ t Lbq4_j1 dni"Ln4f11lW4wGwgnuln4.. bnp wrrJbG 1,bqmG llWn-
uLnbf16wqnpomf:!JnLG t, 1.... n't wlihwmw~wG: UJflmhbml....' llhutL. Upntl· Omll t ll!lor~Gw4 u pwqllbpwoq.· (!UU1 q.rw4wCim!=IJw0 mwf1pbf1 ctwu-
}WU~ UU1I:H].6wq.nj10nL~jnLGGbpQ, Q.flW~w(j W2tuWflhwpwp(i Wflllb(j tJu4
phr!l. Obrl~ t pl::ipmu Gnp q.npo1w:mLJf3Gbp. hi'J.l~L[mll t m llzw4~nllt
nrmz LbqtJ.wp.wG£ib[1 wnuJC!Of!lUgGnu) bfi C1wiJ ~npJ1nl1fl. hl•Jtlwq-
r.lzw~qw6, 4w1JnGw4wpq~w6 u qpw~wG tbqtlll opj1GwlwLflmpJmGGb-
1111£i hwllwl4wU1wutuwG npnzw4tJ tbq~w~wG hwllw~wpq. mul:ifl, L. WJ'l Q.WJtJU ~wll tunrhl11lWJ!lG Lhqtln zr~u1G (1920~ . hbmn). l:irp wpr~bu tb·
qmG fl.WnGm•~ t hwt,WlllWf1WO, dnrtn4fir}IJJ4WG, lqbL11WltwG Lbqm,
Lhqtlmf. Q.fl~w6 m 1111.4WQI14wcr t~O pwqllu.:~lltlllOJ2GrurmLJ0 L ~wrq
uwuw4wG q.p£lbp r}l:inuu 1820-30-w4wG f3~w4wGubptJG: U1u hw[1gmll 6tnn t pl::irmo Gnp qnrownnqpGbp, wu\Ilpr5wGwpwr t{l:i11wGmu t pwp-
otJwuqwllWJU ~flW4wgtJ t W~Wil. q_ ULw4[). bnp GznLll t. nj1 Upn4Jw- pwnGhflll hw4WilflnLPJIUU[!, L. llfli.UG,g Lllh11.tJ Mi lfllllltlu QI1W4wG-dn-
Gj1u thq4tJ htJiliJwr}llfl hwllwpbtG wnGl!wqG WUL4WI1lwutuwGwiJlnt 11.nltfl'1W4LUG L'tnul!Gu..l4U.IC! tl:iCl~~(l:
u.;Gi].nul t bl"l.bL. pwu~ nfl wzruw[1hwpwrG tJppL. Q.flw4wG Lbqm q.nJmp- =iwJnQ Ll:iqtltl UlW\IlUntpJwr. qjHmultluO z.ri?'-'J~uJpwdwGmu ~w-
JnLG mubp Upnt.lJWGtJg WllW2. ru4 UpmuwG!l «4.bpQ =iWJWUUlWU!lU» mwpbL!lu w4Wil. q _ ~whm4JWU[! h!lll.P. t [!Ur}mGm~ WJU hwGqwllwG-
_g[), np tbq~~ up.!!LilL~mpjwG 2P2'11[11JJpwdw0rn0.(! "~bLn.Q t wpmwgnLt'l
Qfl~UJ6 t ni ~b qpwl~wO [bq~ml. j1G~1.4bu L4G11mll tj10 nllwGg, 1.... n1_ tt
qnun pwrpwi2WJI1G tbqtlntl. WJL' PWflPWilWjtJG qpw4wGnl{: nLpbllu'
---- · -- - · -~- · ·-·--~··
LbQI.{~ L4LUUIIlnLf?JW0 U1Wppbp 211P.WUGI:ipnlll WJ'l LnWpWIIIbuwl.j(jbp~
Ul"to.ltLU~US to.l UPti'll1StHU3
~Pntvhwpwpbrnli:~JLUIJ llb2 l.jwLnwpl{wO mbll.wzwpdbp[!, npnu9 wnlllw- Qf"U4Uu Ltflnt'LtJ"'
gnpinul tu tbq~~ qwpq.wg1.huu onl:iGJ;!GI:ipll ub2 4 :
btObLn~ LUJU ul.jqpmCie~g· hwJng Lbqij~ qpwJ~Ii 2112wG~ I.J.IWLn- «~WI\Wpwg~wl.jwu hwJbnbli[!» • ~pf'lla tl~wuuwi~u•u qruH!nn I..
t1nL~Jm ~[! li:U~~U!pll.'U[! f!Wdwunu'i t l:ipb,R 211P.WU~ (~G!~.J.~I:iu La [!UflhWO-
pwGw4nll tunuwl.jgwl.jw(i tl:iqm, qnJWLnlAnul t tlflG~L. 'i9-flil YJWPI'l ll.J-
JlUJUjbiJ oC!r~nL 1h(tUO t). lUJO U1illi1Pbl1nLPJUHlp, np unp ZI12WU~ hwllwp
nwp~[j LnwuOwllJw4Gbpo: UJu 2112wGnul wztuwphwp;qpfi tll!ll'lb(j htuO-
IJJntJJU~GIJJglifl! ~} t tipti{' bfiJ:~tU2r2wfi' l!W!l wzfuwphwpwp~ (17-ll'l J}W-
flbu t qwL~U np1.4bu hwll"llilW4gtlwli llj12ng LI:Jql{~ lll'lllWilnL~Jw[i pn-
L"Il ntnnmGbpnul: '19-11'1 flWI'l~ wnwp~O muwOwllJw~ril:inmll· hwtn4u.i-
11f'l ul.jqpulipllg Li~li!l! 19-pn 'lWI'l~ ~bubpo). bpl.jiSJnUl wztuwnhwpwn~
Ufbu 20-30-wl.jw(i fJl{WI.jw[i[il:ipj1£i, llnLU-j:inL[lYW~li.!J L. 11nLU-l4UipU~UI
(19·11fl flUJil~ 4bul:in~g li~li!l.& 1920 pijwl.jwGo). La bnnnllfl(! dwllwGw-
Ljw(j I.J.IWUlbpwqllObp~ hbllluwGQnl{ ,WJWULilUJU[! pwdwul{.nul t bp[lm
4w4~g hwJbnbO~ i:iupwzppwGI:i t (1920 pijwl.jwu~g ll~Otl.& llbn onbno):
hw111l{wlJGbp~: bl{ whw hwuwpwl.jwl.jwu, ,QWI\WQW~wu u Uiih.nbuw-
'-lw11. wztuwnhwpwn~ bGpwzn2wG[!, nf1 Gwla wztuwnhwpwn~
lJwG llzw~mpwJ~O ll~ 2WI1l' UfWi.ll!SwnClbfln4 WJL! b11~m hwtn4,1U6Gbp(i
l.jwqalwttnp!lwu ZI1P.W0 t fl~lllijmll, ~11 ul.jqpGwl.jwO tflnLLmll hwlloG4-
wum~ISwGwpwf1 hbnwGmll bu ll~UJWUg~g La, pliw~wuwpw['l. LnLf12
0mll t WJUI.J.IbU l.tn!ijWO {(9WI\WPWQ~WI.jwu hWJb!lb(j~(j»: wli211~bm t wnw2wumll Owl.t WJU bpl.jm hwuulw6Gbf'l~ LhqmObp~
<I&!WI\W!'WQ~wl.jwfi hwjbpbG[!», nn~ Lbq4w4w0 hwllw4wrq(!
11~21.&: =JWJWULnWU~ •.upullLnjWU hwLnl{wOnul W4bL~ ~2ttmrt 'l~f'lj;! t
Obn4wJwgl{w6 t =\mthwftObu =inLn4~ (17-f'l'l flWfl), PWI\flWUWil 'l~.J.~~Il~ qrw4mll "lnL~U[), npG WJ'l dwllwCawl.j WflflbU pwl{w4UIOrG tiw0w~qw6
L. hwl!ll.jWLLjbU GnJn'ltn~ (18-pfl flWI'l) wztuwLnmpjntOGI:inmll, Lni!JWt llzw~mpwJ~u. LnGLnbuwl.jwO La hwuwpwl.jwl.jwO l.jbOLnpnu tp, ~u4
dwllw0w4wznpudimll ll~2f.'!WppwowJ~fi tunuwl.jgwl.jwG (w~.J.~w Gwla wpt&buwli hwmijwO(! UnwpWLnJWU flWZLnw4,wJpG t' bp~mwuw1111 L. On-
qnwl{np) ll~wu!:iw4wCi Lbqm tn. dwllwGwl.j~ wztuwphwpwn~ w4bL~ nw4bi1Ln JlWf\WjlUbpnij nL WJL l.jwnq~ puwl.jwijwJ11bf1n4:
qnwl.jwGwgijwO LnWf1Pb!1W4(!. np(! hwul.jw0WL~ tp zwLnbf'l~(j 1.& 6wnw- UJ'l zppwGmll Wllflb(j ll~wuliwl.jwu hwjbj'lb(i[j WUL!1~t'iwuwpwp
Jnlll tn U1WI1POI1 q.nf10WilntJpObnn4 (wllbG~g wowp wnt&mnw4w0, bpl.jtllbql.j4mll t 1.& hwCil}bU qWL~U ~11 bpl.jnL ll1W!1Pbf1WI.jub[1nij:
qnp6uwl.jw(j q.nw4wfinL13JWG, Clwllwl.jwqpwl.jw[j, flWUlW4WI1nLPJWU), Ub~(! hwJ dnll.n411'l~ wplaOLnJWU hwm4,wlJ~ l.t [!GflhWUJlWLLjl:iU
~ul.j hblllWqWJnLil' uwla ll1W!1Pbl1 q~lnnLpjmOubn~. pwLnb!lqnLPJWU, UtflJnLDl!WhWJnLpJwG qpwl.jwO tbqmO t. ~ul.j llJmuo' wpubuwu hwLn-
pl::ippbp~ m hwGJ}buObp~ hwtlwfl: ttwO~ hwJnLPJWU qpwl.jw(j Lbqmu: UplabtwhwJ q['lw~w[i Lbqm[j l!lAw-
'-lw11. LuztuwphuJpWfl~g llbq hwuw6 Lbqijwl.jwO hmzwntJwOObn~ ijnpijnul t UnwpWlnJWO pwppw11~ («mil» tiJnUl.~ pwppwn t) h~llwG
Lnl{JWLfibp[l gnljg l:iG LnWL~u. np fl11WUp h~tlOw~wGnul Gbr4wJwg4bL 411W, ~ul.j wnlallmwhWJ qpwl.jw(j Lbqm(i' 'llnLU~ pw['l~wnr h~uw(j 4rw'
bG «EWI\W,Qwg!Jwl.jwu hw;bpbCml[», nn£! bJlpbllO hw44hL t WJU l.jwll ~11 llbp GbnwnbLn4· Owla ((40)) tiJnLil.~ lljmu pwppwnubpt, [!Ufl.hwupw·
WJU pwppwo~u. l:ippbilu tL hwlil)bu t b4bL 11~2~0 hwJbpbu~ l.jwll qpw- l.jwG Lnwjlpbn£!:
PWf'lJWli fll.tl::ip~ tuumumnfln4: <(~WI\Wgwg~wl.jw(j hwJbpbG[!» UdJU Unt&llmwhwJ ~nw4wG hwJbnbGn ul.juhL t ~lAtutlnrnP:iL 12-(lll llW-
2112Wlinul WIJ.lfmul t LnwnbpwJ~u qw11qwgnLil' m01:i0wtn4 ll~ 2w119 11~9· La wuLn~ISwuwpwp llzw44tL. hl1.44bL, ~wll1w('ibLwqnnot!bL t
Lnwnptipwl.jubp' C!wJWO qpwpwp~g. ll~p~(j hwJbpbli~g 1.& pwppwnlib- wplallLnwhwJ l1zw4mJp~ qlfuwl{.np LjbliLn!lnOObpmll (4. 'llnt~u. ~llJmn
('l~g wqr~4btm twltJbf'l~U: Uwl.jwJU pwppwnwJ~u qwOwqwG h~llpbp
[j~w. '-l.bGbLn~4. '-l.~b(j(jw La WJLU), Opw qwpqwgmll[! [JwjllwLLjl:iU 4f'll:iL t
mGbgm1 hmu~ tlh2 !lh6w£imll t qpwl.jwu Lbq4~ tunuwl.jgwl.jw(i pw- Lnwpb!lWJ~U pGnl]p, ijw11. 211P.WUmll hwLnl.jwGz4bt t q.pwpWf1JWU, ~~~
p~[j hwjbpb(j~ pwppwnwJ~U La omwpwtlmUl wuhwpl.jjl liiWfl(lbpm.j m
qwO, La wulll~tiwliwpwn uwhllwGwlflw44mll t pmnl!·L4WI1u4wl.jw0
Olabpnij, npnlip hbmqhbUlb rtnLf'lU bG 111lllbt qnp6wompJmGJ1g L. tfln-
0nj1wqntJU tfln/lJLunmpjml:iubp~ p~ij[!, npnu~ tflntuwn~G4mtl b(i qpw-
tuwp~04hL qnw4wG hwllwf1crb~Ol:irn4:
pwp hw~l'J(ldbgObpmJ. L. QI1W4w0 Onpw~wqilntJ}jnLGlibpnij:
19-pfl flWI'l~ wnwp~(j LnWUUWilJw41Jl:ip~(i ~pwljwO WjlLL'imwhuJth·
pb(j[j (!UflW!lliWI.jnul t ~11 ntn(1ll1Ub(1[), llWilUnul hflUJll.jWf1Ullf11lf'\J11UnL~
'St- 1; 1t :: ::''ul·- •.t.!JL'-'''· ~!!.qr.g Lhqt[t"l qwf!qwguwG Lj:lnql:in[!. t., 1964~ .. t2 32: JW(j tbqm: PmnG qwpqwgmal t Wll.IP"Ul hwli14Wl41::iu qtrtwp~tiUIIIW·
11
:u
4tuu 4i1W~WU!ilj::;J•d[; lbr1!11U [, dU!UU!OUiljtl ULUJuwl{n(l q[lOllUbjl~ (lJ. dUUUuU~U~t-8 =mans LbfNt- ~UIJU~Uf'lQ~
'T1b2rl~~wzuwu, i. "lwf1nOJwu. "1. 'l-mf1JWG, '1. '-l.wpmdwu, lJ. lJbow-
fllJOg, qp_ Qnhp~.uu.J. U~wtlwu~n. t OmJLuu Ll mnrzubp) Lbct4wztJ{iw- UpqtJ q[1wljwu hwJbpbun hbu4w6 t b(lljm hpliuwi.jwG UJnLUbfltl
f1wf1uJljwu w2tuuHnwu_pp 2Unf1hp4 w4bL~ m w41:iL~ t llzwljt!nul. ljw·
4f1W, Of1nugpg llblj[! pw[1pwnwjpU-dnrtn4pqwljw00 t. tJu4 lljmuo·
!!"tW!'lbLLUQ.nllCill_mt.i llLI)wnumLi hwpmuLn q.pwljwi.i Ll:iqm: ..
Qf1WPWJlJWU[!, wt!wuqwl~wun:
1"[1 ~bpwljwGw~wO hwllw4wrq.n4 WJU qqwLrnpbu ulwflpbpt!mll r
=!U!JnLUWJPU hwllw'~UJf1Q[!, zb2111Wijf1nL~JnLU[! Qf1WJ!Wf1JWU t. WJU
wf1l.&bLwhwJ q.nwljwu Lbqt.lj·1g: Pwqwaw]Gw~wu hwllwljwpq[! bpljwu-
qpwljwu Lbq4tJO t LflnfuwOg~!ht hplluwljwumll Upwpwl11Jwu pwf1pwnr
IIltll~wO tuLwqmp4 t (wpL.titwhwJbpbGnu.l bnwuu•ruwu t), WJu~Ci_pu' p,
llp2ngn4. [!Uill nf1mll UJWJ~wljwuubf1[! bnwu111pt'Swu bu, 2Lflwljwuubfl[!.
CJ, fl., d, p OWJUbflubr'l! tuLtuGnu} l:iu m hG!nul bu 4/1, JJ, p, g, f, tJU!UJbu'
bp~WUU1pt'Swu: ~UiJnLUwtJ'lnfunlpJWU hpuuwi.jw(j oppUW!Wtf.nLpji1LU-
pwq_ml;- tj;wqml;, pmp-flnp, dmj!i-gwjfi L. UiJiU, tw~ Uj, lj, t.n, .t, lftunqb-
f'l[!, ouqhwljtunwlHJ, llwJGtlqwunul bu m hCitnul ~prl.& p, q, IJ, d. p, !lG!- (jbf1[! GnLJOUjbU Qf1WJ!Wf1JWU bu' dwowuqw~wu: =!wllw(lJW wllpnrt-
Ul bu • iJ/WU7/1i/·PWJ1/1l/. /;nf]tl·qnqll, l.llnLU·!JnLU, 6w0ff-pw0p 1,. WJL u: 2nL~Jwllp qn[16mll bu nO!UJbu ~wl.lll.lwljwu, wJG~bu l.& 'lPfl~wJtJG' 2b2-
U[1l.&llU1whwJbnbGG mup !nrru hnLn4. pwgwnwljwG[! ljwqli4mll t Ulpg ~wfu4w6 hU!Jm(jwlj1nfuw~wu pf!n'l.m~Jmuubp[!: ~wnbf1p nLrt-
(IJ) llwuun4n4 (JJWIJW.RtfJ - pwf!wpjlg), ubpqnJwljwu hnLn4r pllwutnu flWQf1nL~JOLU[! 1,. Wf1UlWUWUnL~JnLfi[! l.&u hpllfiw~wumll qpwpWf1jWG t,
wj1U1WhWJU14nu.l t UbF1wftw0 QnlUUJj1WQ 11/p /jWlJI {Rt.J.Jf/WR/Iti llfp - hblllwqwJnLil lltJwJG nL'l.flWQf1wljwu pwf1blflnfumllubf1~ hbU1l.&wuen4.
pWf]WpnuJ) ljwrtwUjwpn4, utirlw~w(j hnLn40 Ulllwumll t 0 hnq(!. 6/1- WJU nL0(1Ulmll Ulbqp bO mubgbLilWuOw~p tJ'lmpnfunLJ=IJOLG0b[1:
m/1/J iJ/Wf1u1pfJ, gbqjl/J vjlrnno La waG. nf1Ujbu wunf1n2 hn~ qn[10 t w0"- ~wnwUJW2Wf1[!, ~O!UJbu l.& pwnwljwqllmi'}JnLU[!, hplluwljwumll
4_ntll 11: (tl!!IJ) .)l.&o, (liJIQ a'wJ, fumj1a tl/]IJ f), 1111 11f14mll t qnJwljwupg qpwpwf!Jwfi t. pwJg Lbq4r qw[1qwgllwu Ulwf1pbr LflmLbl'lnul pwnw-
htHnn, hnqOwljjl ul.mwljwGI] ljwqllqnu:J t m hnLn4miln4 (f2WflUJ.RIJbf1m, UJW2WI1£! hwf1UI11wgbL t unpwqmJG LflntuwnnLI'}JnLUUbf1n4 l.& pwnw-
amfbfint}, hnquwljp ~=tl14n' -lip, ·UI1J1 t'iwuG~40bf1n4: ~wqllm~jwO Gnf1 bqw0wljubpn4 (hw111ljw~bu hw~w4mllubf1n4;: qf1W-
'1bpwumuGtnt1 ub2 o~wulbLtJ l:iO fl.mO, jluo/7. pliqft, tfliq/1, wu, pwf1pg bu dwnwuq4wo pwnwljwqllnti'}JWU hplluwljwu b'l.wuw~Gbf1u
ww, w/J, wujlljw. wlfljl/;w, w[Jjll;w 6l.&bf11J, um~n[1wljwu bu umwgw~w
m lljl2ngubfllf hwllWijf1Wljw(j nL 4bf1LnL0w~w(j pWf1ijnLI'}JnLUUOf1[!, w-
u~ U/Ju, lifrf), U/JU liwuup~llJ411Jl 61.b[1[! (bf1/:W0jlu, li[lliUii/lfl., li{lliUIJ/10 l.&
owugmll[!: ··wjbpbup qw[1qwgllw0 Wf1'1P LPnLLOLU Gljwl!lbLtJ b(j Ow-
WJLG): Pwjwljwu L6nrulnLf3Jmuutpn (l"unGwnhnuiubr•n) tnnuu bO' lit
fuwow(igub(ljlLWJO 4~f1wnmi'}Jmuubf1 hw111ljwUjbU 111bf1ll~Gw4wqllmrt
(ujlflliJ, mliu/JI:ij}, fit (hwuli/li, ljlw/oJftf}, Wi (b/1/}Wf, tfnnlJwj). tiwuwtlp
Jwu puwqwt!wnmll, qqwLr 111b'l.W2Wf10bf1 bu ljwl11Wf14bL qpl!lwlllbtu-
tJw!.J fll1 {qpou0fllf, j}t7rjfllj), uwhuuH.lwljwu bflWUW4tJ wfiljWU1Wf1 ubp-
fi~~w~wu, ~w'l.wewljwO, llw[1qwljwu, ll2wljm~wjpu 11L0(11110b[1mll unpw-
~w u wUgJwL duJI.lt.uGw~GI..IplJ ljwqllt!mu bG IJJJ bfJ.wuwljtJ!n4 {/;[! Qfll:it},
4wqllmpjmuubf1pl,. unf1wpwumpJmuubf1tJ, Lflntuwnm~Jmuubf1tJ wnm-
ito lfwfifJWJ}, ito Qfib,~. ito /;WflfJWJ/7). nf1n lljlwt!wulj pwJbnpg wnw2
(QWL LWL, lflWl) qnpow64_mll t qm dl.&n4 (/;mqwtl, l;mtwtl), 4w'l.w~w iln4: UJuUlb'l. uljw111bL~ bu Gwtu nmubrbupg m WUJW wuqlbf1bupg m
mwr i)bppWJ[! ljwqllt!mU t lip Lj_bf12W40f"lnLj:}JWUp {qf1lif1, t/tWJfli{l), jlulj b4f1nUjwljwu WJL Lbqmub[1pg ljwl11wf14w6 finpwqnLJG Lfln!1Jwnmi'}JnLU-
b[1lj[l11f1'lW4wG jWJ'l.UJijj1JWL dwliw1Jw~Ubf1U W[ll11WhWj1114_mll b(i fun- fibf1[!, llwuwllp uwl,.' 0111Wpwpw0m~JnLUUbf1[!:
UWflhtlwo pwJn4 ljwu 11bf1pwJn4 h lJ/lWL ftf70bf) pwJjl qpllwqnr dwllwuwljwljpg hwJb(lbup l!uwpwum~Jmun. hnLmlllwu l.& tun-
al.&bpn4 (/;[J Qfllitlliqli{l, QfiUJO /;[J[JWrl, i)(IUJQ i!f!LJWUP l.i WJLU): fiwf1hllwu hwllwljwf1Q[! hplluwljwumll dn'l.n4f1'lW~wO. pwf1pwnwJpu
U[1l.&bLwhwj q[1wljwG lbq411 hwllbllwlll mujl uwl.& pwnWUjW2Wf1W- t. WJU wnmlln4 WJU hwljW'lf14mll t Q(1LUJ!W(lp0. 4bf12PUU qb[1wqwu-
Jii0 qqwL~ 111WflpbflnL~jmGGbf1 (jlG!Ujbu· Wf]flWJ1, tfw/JjnLnfl, /;ntJt:tift, QWUjbU ~b~wljwu Lbqm t 1111 ljwnmg4wOen4: dwllwuwljwl.jpg hwJb·
pmf, qwlfwn, t/IWL!JflLj u WJtU): pl:iun hplluwljwumll ljgwljwu 111p~p Lbqm t. tJO!UJbu l.& llbf1 pnLnf1 pwrpwn-
UphliUlwhwj Qfllli{jt.ulJ tbqm(J 11tmluJ UjUlhUjWUnul nL ljpf1wnmll t fibf1o: U[11l~ hwjbf1bup wpl.&btwhwj 111Wppbpw~[! wwr t [!Ul{unu.l hnLnLI.llwO
tnUJ bpb0f1 QflUJPWi !JlUU-w ~ UlUtllil4wu nrqi'[Wq.("l nLfl JnLU~: hwllwljW[1Q~ UjWpqbgllwllp nL 4pt'Swl11llwllp, filjwUlbltJ t uwl! hnlnLI_Otpri
24
lll1op~uw4wuwgnul 11 hntml.Llwu uwj'uwt.qWUlll.nLpjwllp, ~l!Wj~U nL 11-
LlWUlnWJI1U hnLml.mllCibpl1 LnW[lpbpw41lwllp:
GwpwhjnLUnlf}jndio l! zwpwrfWUnLpjnLU[! l!u dnf1.nLl.flflW4wO,
pwppwnwJ~O bu: I" hw4WflJ1nLPJnLU qpwpwpl1' qpwljwu tbqtJ.mll npn-
2~11.'! l! hwtn4wgmg~10 hntntl.ntl. l! ptJ.ntl. 1bu hwllw~WJumll 11pbug n- 101JnLuwpwumpJwu mumlluwul1rmLpJwu wnwp4wu hu!Jmuu t:
rnzJWLI10 l! hwLn4WQJWLI1U l! untJ.npwpwp llf'ltJ.nLll bu Uf1WUgl1g WllW2, 1u!Jmuo tbqtl.l1 OtJ.wqwqmJO lll1wtJ.npu t wptnwuwuw4wu tnbuw04-
uwtufll1f1Ubf1[! hl1ll0w4w0mll mubu bLnWfli1J1 qnp6w6mpjm0: JnLGI1g. npG wptnwuwutJ.mlll! nu4wltl.nul t hwuwpw4mpjwu 4nf1.-
ctwllwuw4w411g hwJbpb(ju 1111 zwpwflwumpjwllp qpwpwpl1 hw- llng l! wnl!u 111 4wpnf1. pwdwutJ.bt pWf1.Wflf1111 tnwppbpl1: Uw4wJu
llbllwtn Lf111tl. hw4wnw4 t.qwtn4bp t ubpL:wJwgumll: UJu wnmllntl. :ll1ztn 1t. nn llf'!l!umJU huvmuo wnwu~tJu tJ.bpgpw6 4wll pwllWJ~U 4w-
uzbuj;! hbLnl!JWL UWfuWflWUnLPJnLU[! qpwpwp l! wz(uwphwpwp. t.qw4gmpJwu llb2 4wpnf1. t UnLJU lll!ntl. Wf1lnWUWutl.bt. u4wLnbLI1 b(j
/Obf1PR q{1ng Lbmli/1 n{1!JLnJ hw{1Lwli/J /Jtln;: qqwLn LnwppbpmpJmuubp, npnuj;! t.qWJllwuwtJ.nptJ.w6 bu 1101t.qbu
f>tl hwf1Lwli/J nfl!J/1 LLnli/J qf1J]/1 pbf1pbf1tF hU!JnLUUbfll1 lll1f1j;!ntJ., WJULqbU l! wuhwtnw4w0 Wf1lnWpbpmpjwllp:
Ulltflnttlbtntl. llbp wuw6ubpn' ouflhwupwgubuJ;!, np dwllwuw4w- Ujut.qbu JWt/, WljnLf1, JnLf1, Lnf], WUWJ/1, UJpbf1U7 pwnbpl1 llb2 mubuj;!
4119 hwJng tbqmu n'1 qpwpwp t. n'1 pwppw11. WJL qpwpwf111 l! pwp- umJu L huvmuo. lll1 flbt.qj;!mll 4nztn t hu1mll, llb4 WJL flbLqJ;!mll' tflw-
pwnubpl1 t.qwtntJ.wOflwOI1 tJ.pw 4wuquw6 lll1 hwllWflf1W4wO Lbqm: lflm4 4wll J;!llWJUWgtJ.w6 l! wnu: Utl.btl10. UntJul1u4 UnLJU pw1111 llb2
ctwllwuw4w4119 hwJng tbqtJ.I1 flWU[!upwgo pwf1.4wgw6 t lll1l!umjfi hU!JnLU(J ISI1ztn 111 hfi1mll WfllnWUWUW4Wfi WJU 4wll WJU
hbtnl!JWL pwdl100bp~g· hu!JmuwpwumpJmu, pwnwqntnmpJmO, ~l!w llpfintnptnmll. hfi!Jm0w4wfi Lnwppbp 4wt.qw4gmpjmuubpmll unLJU
pwumpJmu l! zwpwhjnLUnLpJnLU: hU!JnLU(J bpwuqwJI10 LnWppbpmpjmuubp t utnwumll (JUln LWf1tJ.w6mp-
JWU (mdbfl 4wll pmJL), (JULn Lnl!nflnLPJWU (4wpiS 4wll bp4wp), [!Uln
pwgtJ.w6J;!n 4wll lflw4tl.w6J;!I1 llb6mpJwfi, Lbqtl.l1 wtl.bL 4wll t.qw4wu
464llw(j l! wnu:
4wll· ut-CJ l! U7-CJ, p-CJ l! fJ-CJ llntnmll buj;! 11Pf1l! tnwppbf1 hu!Jmuubp
lll1wJfi upw hwllwp, np wnw211uubpo tumL bu, bf14f1npflubpo· ~wJObfl,
uw4wJfi bpp llbOJ;! tunumll buj;! zzm4ntl.. llbpllwJOWLWflbpo flWflwpmll
bu qnp6btmg, l! llbuj;! pnlnfl hu!JmuubpQ, unLJ011u4 ~WJUbflubp[! wp-
tnwuwumll buj;! tumL: ~UWJWO upwu· wmf1l! !J.nLf1 pwnbpl1 llb2 m-u l!
f}.-U 11f1Wfll19 npnzw411npbu tnwppbpw4tl.mll bu: Ub4 WJL flbt.qj;!nul hw-
Jbpbfimll bp4m p-~ (f1l! n) Lnwppbpmpjmuo ql1tnw4gtJ.mll l! wpdbj;!w-
tJ.nptJ.mll t WJU 1WtflntJ., np llbuj;! tnwppbpw4mll buj;! uWf1f! l! uwnf!, pw-
f1l! l! PWDf! 11f1Wf111Q: Uw uzw0w4mll t, np Lbqtl.l1 llb2 wpdbJ;!WqRp(J "1
lli1WJU ti.WJf14b0wpwp WfllnWUWutJ.nll hU!JnLUUbp(j bu, np WfllnWUWU-
tJ.mll, tutJ.mll l! wugumll bQ, WJLl! tbqtJ.w4w0 JnLflWJ;!WU!JnLfl hwupmp-
JWU 4nqllng ql1tnw4gtJ.w6, wdbj;!wtJ.nptJ.w6 hu!Jmuubp, 4wll' hu!Jm-
Ow4w0 hwllwt.qwtnwutuwu hwu4wgmpjmuubp: UJu wnmllntl. tL tbq-
tJ.wpwunLpJWU llb2 npnzw411npbu tnwppbpw4tl.mll bu Mvmu 4
hO!nLJp hwu4wgmpJmuubpo:
27
6Z
~"m
Cl.flw~wu j'TlwJJlWifwu 'llWJi}W2\flwljwCi
pwnOI:ip, ~U!L4bu' IJUJJ (qnf10'm0bw;, Rf1/1Ullln0bwJ), bUJL (tuf11JbWLJ1,
wnmw ~WJOO(II} ~WJUDI'l lunLt OWjUbtl tunq
ormtpJwli tj7wfubWL, jWf1bWL), Lnj (nf11JLnj, PZ0Wtltnj0, Gbf1nL0Lnj):
Lbq4~ L4WUlllw4wli qwpqwgllwli nOpwg~mll qpwpWI"IJWO bp4pwp-
bl'l.~ t3 a .::r 3 a
..::l
.::r
~
i: a I.:J
pwnlibp[! L. bnwpwppwnlil:ip[! qqwL~ nt. l11WPWUlbuw4 tflmtmtumpJmO-
li
..::l 3 3 I.:J
.c:. .::r .::s
3
3
c:. .::r 3
3 ....,
c::' .i! .:r 3
a
3
1 OI:ip l:iO 4pl:iL. h~llliw4w0mll L4Wpql:ig41:iL l:ili. qpw4wC. Lbqt!nul Opw02
c.
3Q" 2. .::r .§. 3_. .::r .§.
Q ::;'
c ....,c::' 3 .:r
-:::: ,....,
3
.::r
.... 3 3 3 3
~ § ~ ; ~ ""
c:
-'
4bpw641:iL bli l:ip4hOumuObp~ {4wll L4WI'lq llwJliw4nplil:ip~). ~u4 pwp-
c: .i!
~ N :I
<I ~ :I ..... ~
C!lpliwJ~fi
u . - . - . . . . - pwnlibpmll' L4Wpq awJOwttnpObp~: UJUL4l:iu· WL bp4pwppwnn L4WLI'lllW-
p 'TJ Ql
-- 4wO h~!JmOwlflntumpJwO hbl11L.wOen4 11~2~0 qwpbpmll 4bpw641:iL t
ICppfiwUlwll-
- . . . I.[ . - 11 . - - - - . -- L4Wflq o(n) (lwj0w4np~· {WL{1-- 0(1, ftWf1WLIJ1- {jWf10/J1, O'tu0tuip- GW·
~Wjflli Onp L. wnO): QpwpwpjWU bi, j7L, bp4pwppwn0bp[! qpw4w0 hWjbpb-
~nW2UWtbq- L, I\ 0 6,
(imll 4bpw641:iL l:iO 1m bp4hOumO~. nJ l:ip4pwppwno' nLJ l:ip4hGumO~.
n
f) d . tu c - 'l s 10 ~ s
~Wj~li L 8 !)
~u4 pwppwnOI:ipmll' hwllWL4Wl1'1WUfuw0wpwp' /J, fr, nL (lwj0w4np0b-
~pj1CiWtliq- . 3 - - - . - - - - . - - -. p~. ~Otl4bu· qbLTJ.. qpw4w0 tl:iq4mll' QJnLTJ., d;mO, ·pwppwnOI:i-
~wjflG
lt;U10WLbq- fl"Llr qbTJ., df70, dm o
. . - . -
'1. . lu q 4 ~ - - -- Wf/1Lf1· qpw4w0mll" wumf1, pwppwnObpmll' WL/1f1, WfnLf1
~WJf'Jfr
14nlfnll'lWJ~U . - - - - - - , - - - - - . --
uf7t0- qpw4wlimll' u;mO, pwppwnlibpmll' umO, u/10
[nJU- qpw4w0mll" fnLJU, pwppwnlibpmll' [nW, Lf7u .
rrtwpqbg4bt l:iO OwL. qpwpwpJwO bnwpwppwnObp[!, ~U!L4bu Wf1·
fJ.bWLJ? - WflfJJn.R, tj1wfubwL - tj7wfutul/, n{11JLnJ - nf11JnL, t;zOwtlm;O
pzOwllm oL. wn o:
PU!L4bU wpqbO uzbt oue. dwllwliw~w~~g hw]bpblimll bp4pwp·
l:ip~pwppwn[! (hmOwpbO ll~~Lllnliq) br4m Owj0w4nplibpn4, bp- pwnObp~O tflntuwp~lil:it l:iG bp4hliumOlibp[!, npn02 4wqt14w6 bO llb4
pbllli (iwL. awjuwqnpn4 m ~~uw0wjlin4 ~wqll4w6 WJO hOumOw~w aw uwttnp~g L. llb~ ~~uwllwJO ; hOumO~g. ~litl4bu' tuJ (hw;f1, 1/WJfl),
1
L4W4gmpjnL00 t, npO Wf1UlWUWU4mll t ll~wuOwpwp flpflL. llb~ 4w04. m; (pmJu, bf1um;p), ;w (tlwm;wO, ubO;wft), ;m (p;m(1bfJ., h;mp, tlb-
L. npnlig~g llb4£! ~npgOmll t PI" 4wG4wpwp ntd[!, ~O!t4bu' pm{1dmw, amp;mO), ;b (b) (bpb, bpbwL), ;n (Jnp, Wfii'Jjnp): npnz tbqt!wpwOObp
wmqgftnO, [n;u, hwtlpn;p, qnw[j7gj7w, tlwV1lif1f7w L. WJLli: bp4hliumulibp l:iO hwllwpmll OwL. n;. b; L. ;/7 hlitJnlliw~wl4w4gmp-
Pnlnl'l tbqmGbp[! !t, np hwpmul11 bli bfl4pwppwn0bpn4: UJUL4bu' h~O 1mOOI:ipn. ~Utl4bu' qn;, fun;wOw[, hn;- hn;wftwUj, pb;- pb;Oj7q, pnf1bJ,
hwJI:ipl:iOo' qpwpwpn. hwpmu111 t11 b!l~PW!1pwnlibpn4. dwllwOw4w4~g qOw;/1. wllw;/1. d/1nl/ (dj7;nl/) L. WJLli:
qpw4wG hwJI:ipbun· n1: l:ip~pwppwn0bpn4 hwpmul11 bli OwL. wliqLbpbli[!,
~pwliubrbli[!, qbpllwGI:ipblin. ~~OObpl:iun L. WJLli, ~u4 hmOqwpbpbli[!, Lbhb-
!lbOn. 4pwgb!lbli[!, Wflll~ hwJbpbOn bp4pwppwn0bp !ntObO:
35
34
Ulbu Owl! l11W11WJI10 l.t 4w0ljwlllw11WJI1U hwl4wttnu.)CJb11[!, I10!Ujbu'
~~c. Uf>U, ~w!lllt~UL. wnu:
Snll.Wfl.WI1~[! 1111 ljwOnliOb11ntl b11pb,g EWI1Wgw6 !11 !lGnul L. 411-
~w040 ubl.j aw;!JwL!n11 ljwll clWj0wLJ.nl1nLJ. m WJL hO!JnL00bl1nLJ.
11wl14.mli t Lbq4.11 hO!Jntfiwljwu ljwqllnur nL'l.'l.Wql1w4wO hwllw4wl1-
4wqottw6 WJUilltwn huHm0w4u:Ulw4gmpJm0 t. npu Wf1lllwpbru!mu t
q.mll ljwlllwl14.w6 ljwll ljwl11WI14.n'l. LtJmtmtumpjmGGbl1110 hwliwlljw-
Ol').p liblj li'l.mllnt./ 4wli llblj zO!nLJ., ~U!Ujbu' ftw-U7w-,nlif, w-nm, tlw;-
lllWUfuwG: b4. n111.4buql1 llln'l.Wfl.WI1~11 ctwllwOwlj LI1GI1 lll1wuGwljwO L.
{1/lf.;. hW-UWf-UW-{1WU L. WJLO:
WI1111WUUJ0wljwG wllwO~GwhwlllljmpJm0Gbl1119 pfun'l. [10fl.hwGml1 lln-
Pwnl1 llb2 tl.wGljbrp Pl14.£! npnzll.mll t ~WJOwll,n11Gb1111 pll,nll,, WJ- 111bgnul, L4UJZLnnGwUjbu hwul!iwt.m{bL bO lllnrtwrp.upd[l hbllll.tJWL 4w-
ufl!iQ!i' pwnfl llb£ 4w WJ!ipwu Ll,wulj, npQwli OwjOwl{nr. 4w WJUlllb'l.: Gn00bl1[!, n11nOe oOfl.mOLJ.bL l.t hwulllLulllLJ.bL bu 11 4q. Gwtuwi1WI1nL~-
U.ifl. pulj UjWllliSWilnLJ. tL ~WJOwll,n11 h0!JnL00bl1[! lJn!LJ.mll b(j OwL. Ll,wG- JWO ljn11.ill1g 2003p. hm0L{Wf11114-l10: .
~WfiUJfl hG!JmOGb[l:
1. Snll.Wfl.WI10[! hpllOwljwOmll ljwl11WI14.mll t pWil[! LJ.wfi4bi1P. pw-
o..l.wOlj[! 4w11n11. t w4.WI11114.bL ~WJ0wLJ.nl1n4. ljwll PW'l.W~WJOnll,: dw0bLn4. (LJ.wOljwlllliwllp), [!Ulll n11mll'
~WJ0w4.nl1n4. w4WI11114.n'l. Ll.wOlj[! ljn!Ll.mll t pwg Ll,wOlj, P.G!Ujbu' pw- w) bl14nt ~WJ0w4.nl10bl111lii12L. b11.w6 llblj PW'l.W~WJO[! wGgOnul t
qw-pw-g/1, w-nm, li-pli-juw, Lli-qm L. WJLU: l"ulj PW'l.W~WjOnll, WLJ.WI1111- hw2n11'l 111n11.[!. opl10wlj' w-zw-ftlif1U7, qw-{1m/J, pw-liw-qw-;ftu, IJW-
LJ.n'l. Ll,wOlj[!' LtJwlj LJ.wulj, WJUUjbu' hW-UWf-UW-{1WU pwllfllib2 WI1W2P0 uw-{1wli, Lli-qli-nu, qw-U7m, hli-pft-wp.
(hw) L. bl111"flll (utiJ) 4.wG4bl1[! pwg bO, pulj bl1411"11fl.U (ilwf) m !"1111"11'l[! p) b11llm ~WJUWLJ.nl10bpl1lil121..t b11.n11. bl14nL L. wLJ.bLI1 PW'l.W~WJiiOb-
(f1Wfi/ LtJwlj, ljwll' ftwqil-1/wap, qn{1-alif, wilut-f7nutL. wnO: 11119 hw2n1111 111n11.0 t wOgOmll lil1wJO Ll.b112110 PW'l.W~WJO[!. Ol1110wlj'
I"G!1.4bu Wl1fl.bO Oz4.bL t. pwll[! QwOp zG!nLl. Wl1111wpbl14.mll t, WJG- w{1-awu, pm(1-dm -w-qwu, plif1-f1/1. UuU7-f//1/t. U{1a-l/f7ft, pwf1q-ilwu,
,gwO tL Ll,wOlj t mObOmll: 4wli pwllbl1, n11nUE llblj zG!nLl. bli WI1111WPbl1- pwf10·f1W-UWf, lifllt-IJ/1-il/1, w-nwligR-Ulif1:
4.mll, pwllbl1 tL llw(j' llb411g wLJ.bLI1 zO!nll,: Ublj zG!n~ WI1111Wpbl14.n'l. ~wOp n11 hwjbl1b!il1 UJj, jrl, jnL bpljpWI1PWI1WljbpUj LJ.w0lJbl111 j pw-
pwllbp[! ljn!LJ.mll bO llpwll,wOlj pwllbl1. PU!LYbu' pwp, awn, U7lif7, ltftli, 'l.Wfl.l111!11 L. 011wO Owtunflll"'l PW11.WOWJOI1 lif12L. D !11 WI1111WuwOLJ.mll,
UWf1fJ L. WJLU: mu11111 .ri1G Owtunrfl.n'l. pw11.w~wJOo ljwll pw'lw~wJ00bl1119 Ll.b112110o
Ubljpg wLl.bLP zO!nLl. WI1111WPOI14.n'l. pwllb[l[! 4n!LJ.nul b(j pwqllw- ljw11n11. t OwL. 011w0 lll1wgw6 wOgObL hw2nflll llln'l.o· WllW2Wg0bLn4.
Ll.wOlj, n11n09 hwJbl1b0mll w4.bLP llb6 ppll, bO ljwqllmll L. 4w11n11. bG llln'l.Wfl.WI1~11 bl1ljWljl1mpjnL0. Ol1110wlj' WU{f-jntUffWU-{fjnLU, W{11]-
ljwqllll,w6 Ll10bL wllbOWEPW b11ljm L. wllbOwzwlll[! 13 LJ.wOljpg (/1liJutliu' jflpf/W{1-I]jflp, qnJ-;mullqn-f;m u, qf7mmp-;mullqf7U7m -p;mu, qnu-
!1 t{fU7f1WUf1U7Wdw;uwqpmp;m0. U1f7liqlipwhppf7nw2f7liwqwu L. WJL 0): ;wqllqn-u;wq, ~wftnp-;wu/8w;n-p;wu, hnplif-JWf1llhnpli-1JWf1, ilwU7-
q.pmpJwO dwllwOwlj hw!Swtu w0h11wctbz111 t LP0mll pwllp lip llw- ;wullilw-U7JWU L. wnu: Sn'l.Wfl.WI1~P WJU bl14w411mpJmO[! !I11.4WhUjwli-
uo LtJntuwOgbL hw2nl1fl.llln'l.IJ, WJUPU90' llln'l.Wfl.WI1~bL: 4.nLli lif1ftwf1w-q;wg, qupw-qq;wg (qupwqqlium), p;m{1w-p;m{1, willi-
Sn'l.Wfl.Wpl![! pw11b11p Lnl1nhmpjw0 b11.wOwljObppg llbljG t, "11£! L. uw-h;m{1wulif1, wu-h;mflo/Jftwf, flin/Jw-q;mq, nuqli-h;nw, uwngw-
tuw11utull,mll t G11wOg 4wOljw111liwG ljwll hbq.mllp Ll.11w: d;mu, pwf1w-u;mu, juliqw-p;m{1lif m OllwG PW'l.Wfl.l1nLPJmOObl1mli, n-
11n0g unLJO LJ.w0ljw;l11i ljwll Wl1lllwuw0wljw0 L. pw11wljwqllwljwO llln-
I"U!UjbU hw!Swtu Oljw111Ll.bL t hwJ Lbqll,wpwOwljwO q.pwljw0mp-
'l.Wfl.WI1~mll0bl1[! flnLJOwljwO bO:
JW0 llb2. llln'l.wfl.WI10[! n! pb llbfuw0114wljw0 ljwll lllbfuOpljwljwO, wn
Pw11wlil12l1 ~WJUWL!nl1119 WI1W2 [!Gljw6 it-[! llln'l.Wfl.WI1~P dwllw-
pwab11[! pO!Ujb·u WI1111WPbl1bLm L. P.O!l4b'u Ll,wOljwlllbLnt ppn'l.nLJ}Jwlip
Gwlj Q.l14.mll t bl/, L. 1/0 wuglimll t hw2n1111 Lnn'l.[!. 011pOwlj· t{1li-l/wli,
UjWJliwGwLJ.nl14.n'l. WJ0Ujpup b11L.nLJp t, "111::! hliwl1w4.nl1nLPJnLCi t oOab-
pw(1b-t/lif, uli-l/wpm;{1, U7lif1li-l/wpwtf7:
llntli hbzlllnl1b0 n04wLbLm PWilWUjWlllljbl1fibl10 wllpn'1.2nLJ}JWlip:
2. q.W11.1110WLJ.w0lj, WjUpOeO' WplllwuwOLJ.n'l.. pwjg !q11LJ.n11. 0 mOb-
1wjbpb0nul pnLn11 pwab11[! !bO, n11 llln'l.Wfl.WI1~4.mll bG: ~bO llln-
gn'l pw11b11l1 Uln'l.Wfl.WI1~P dwllwliwlj [!-0 Q.l14.nul t llpwjO llln'l.w4.bi12P
'l.Wfl.WI1~4.mll llpwLJ.wlilj pwabp[!' U1nL/J, PWf1, awn, UWf1Q L. WJLO, PU!-
L. hw2n1111 111n'll1 uljqpp LJ.w04bl1mli. oripOwlj' 2Df/·fJW, ltD-U70f1U7lif,
37
36
ljU1[Jf1·Lr!l;f, Yltuf1-L'1fll, bf1pb-lf[Jfi, QOL·/uuu/n{1: UJu~.t.~bu (iwL. tllntuwr.JWL fJfi.e-fifrl/IJwfl, hwilwq-q.bul/1, hwtl-f1JJOpwg, l/WJ·f!lpp, rlb-llfJUIJUbf, fi-
omwp pwnbpnur ttlilt-lf7!Jf1wljw0, ttb"U1tJ-f1Wf/mU, uwbu-U7!Jf1n, f1lium-{j/if1"m L. WjLfl, UJJL uwL.' [!Ul.ll pwnw~wqlln~f}JWfi' Wf1WQ-[JU-
tlwbutl1-{1n (llt1wliulf1-{1n), .1JnpU-U1!Jf1flU1, .f>nJ!UU7[J-{1nm): pwg, qli{1-/Ufifl.ftf1, wO-oqmUJ, w0-nf1nz, hwl;-wqqlif, cntj-liqf1, qlim-
UG[b[l!1 1.. f}iilil tUJ1tnwuwGttnn. lJ Owjtlwl[nf![l QflW~wr. wjliilW- wt/1, fJOR0·/12/IJWO, hwt1w-qqliuU7, hwllp-f!Opwg, t/WJf1·lpJ!, tll:i/i-[]lifi·
uwum~Jwllp wnwi.[bLw~bu urtll.mll, ~u~ ctnrtml.pqw~wG wrnnwuw- tlbp, b{1liUm 0-li{1/jnt:
GmpJwtlp L. pwuwutllbflOW~wG tunuenul hw!Swtu ~wh~wuLtmll t' w- Pwnw4wqllmpjwllp 4wll pwll.Wr}l1~!(jbpn4. l.llnflWI)W!1~4.w6 pw-
nw2WQUbLnll. WptnWUWUnLJ'IJWU L. Lllnf\Wr}WIH~~ b!1~W~~mpjmu' nbllfl (jw~npq l.llnrt~ 4.bf'l2Ciw4w(j4~ L. hw2n1111 l.llnrt(j w(ig(jnfl wpllw-
w) pwnwLJ~qp~ f! QWfJlJ1Ciwl[wu~~Ci hw2n11'1W6 4.bf12Ciwl[wu~~ /7 l.ll~ tl~qp[iwttw(jij~ qwlll.llCiw4.wO~ o-G !~ qp4.m..l. op~(jw4' wO-if/Jwu,
4wu flL ~WJUUJtlnf'lQ zb2U'IWJ~G hU1JmuwlflntumpJWU bUJ)WI1~4.wO WU/W·cfin{1h, Wf1U·UU1JWll, pwgw-U1{1W/JWfi, Q.f1W·IJfififJl, IJWf1W·Q.fnL/tJ,
hbllluJWL ~pl.jGwpWil.W~WJU pwjbpmll' Q[J-fi[J·fili[llq[Jfi-fib[, ju[J-d[J- !JfJt1W-I]f1lif, li{1/j0w-UfWg, f{m{}w-ptiW/.t, l;w,nqw-IJ[lni.U, hwqw-/if]bpw-
dlitll/tJ[Jd-dlif, /u!J·U7!J·U7bfii/IJ!JU7·U7bf, "o-do-dbtll/j[Jd-dbf, ut!J·Ul!J· qwO, hwt1w-/jf1w0p, hwzt/li-UJt/mp;mO, hliO-iiL UJng, hb!]w·zflpnul, tfon-
ma,lluto uz-'!'liL, 1/lo-ptJ-pbtlll/lop-pbf, .eo-Po-plifI/.Rop-pa1, Ro-Oo- ffnwfi, fiw/uW-fJf1JWf, 2Wf1W·IJ.f1bf, fWf1w-fftf/1, tjwq-tfqbf, tfwn-tjnmfi,
Obi/lPtJfi-Ob1; WJU~bu CiwL.' tl[J-f1!J·f1/1ltlltl[Jf1·f1/1il. /IJ[Jf1·U1[J-fib[II/IJ!Jf1U1- 1/lWJL-1/lfntO, 1/lnfu-qO!J.WU/bUl, IJWl·IJllif, w~w CiwL. wljfi-ljwflif, wltfi-
tJ/if L. WJLG. !JliU1, hmnO-Ijw;u, dlinti-Ulnt, nt01;0-fl.{1liL L. WJL(j; UjuJ.4bU uwL.' ttJn-
p) 4b!12Ciw4.wG~~ /1-Ci llb~ urt4.w6, i.lb4 g-~ huumuwlflntu4.w6 tuwnjWL Ol11WI1 pwnbpmll' gfJ0fln-q{1w.1JfJw, fJ/1W-Qf1WU, U{fl[/1-Qf1W·
pwqllwLtwu~ WJL pwnbpmll' Wf'J.P[J-qwllwqp-qw, w{1rf[J-lf/11lwf1lf·d/1, .1Jftw, tlli[fl-IJ.f1WUW, pppW·U{fWQUW L. WJLU:
tuo fi-tJtJ·f1liL llfu!J oIJ.·f1liL. /jwf1t1!J-f1liLIII;wf1U·f7liL, tlwf1UtJ-fifllltlWf1 tl-fi/1, npnz pwnw~w~w~gnLJ)JnLUCibpmll hw2nfll) l!lnll.U w(ig(jnrt Wll-
R!Jf1·t11[J·OiifI/.R[Jf1U1-tib[ L. WJL(j. llwmp u4qp[iwqw[i4~ [J-fJ urt4.nlll t. ntul.ll~ pwnn l11nrtWilWf1~4.mll t
q.) ~wmdwnw~w(j gO (gp) L. bp4m J!Wil.W~UJJ(j(jb!1~9 hbiiln t/ w- ll~wJfl [!Ul.ll Ltw(j~wl.llllw[i. op~Ciw~· q.w;pwlj-!]lif, qli{1p-fiw{jw0, hw-
ow[ig m[ibgnll. ~!1W4.npw4w(j f!Wjbpmll' png[J-fib[//p[Jng-0/if, /IJWI'J.W· t1w[-UWf1WO, tlwufiwq-gntp;mO L. WJL G:
go-Obfl/fuw!]wg-0/if, tlbf1{jwgo·fibflltllif1/jwg-Olit, tlnmbgo-OiiflltlnUJiig- bpb pwp11 pwn~· (jwtunpq l.llnrtmll lluwgnfl. hU!Jm[iwttJntu4.wO
Olif, t/wq ligo-fllifl/tfwqbg-plif, l/lwfugo-f1litlll/lwfug-{1lif, Q!JU·uttJ- PWil.Wfll'l~!O. q.Wil.l1lUW4UJ(j~ o-flg pwg~ WJL {lwj(jUJ4.nr !nLUp, WJ.4W
U'lnf\W4bl12nLil WJil q.Wil.l.ll[jUJI.[WU~~ [J-fJ qp4.mll t. 011~(jw4' IJO[JIJ-pwg,
l/litiiQ!JUut-t/lif, P!Jf1·P!J·l/liLIIp!Jf1p-t/liL, "WQU!J·t/lifllqwqtl-tfliL; UJwOp[J-
dq[JO-Ijm[, tlp[JO-ljw, tlq[JO-!JlifJ., WJU~bu L.' Q[!ll-qnWL, OQn-t5ung, J)[!£l·
t/liLIIUJwOp-ifbf L. wn(j:
!Jp, qq, /Ul, UIJI L. Cillw(j h[i!jndiw~w~w4gmpjnlUUbpn4. u4u4.n'l p~o, llnp-llmn L. wnu:
4. SwnwJ~(j L. qwC.4wii1WilWJ~U hw~w4.nlll(jb!1[! tb(j l.llnll.WilWflll4.mll:
hwumL~ wunl(j(ibp~ LllnllWr}UJfl~~ dwllwCiw4 WJrl h[i!Jm[iw4wJ.4W~
gmpJnl(jubp[! hw2nn11 llwJGw4.nn~g !bU w[i2wtnLtmll, n111.4buq~ hw-
mm~ wuttwu qllnLJ'IjnLU[!, ~ LllW!lJ!b!lnlpjmU hUJUWI1W4 wumUUbp~. [.1"
mt !U~Ull.~i hllillll. [JQ·pW!]t/lif, [JQ-QfllJ/, !Jl·U1WU{lif, [JU-U{WIJ/if, [JU- =tUSbflb'tJI"t tbCSC!
U1WllWf, pwJg' UUJli-1/lwO, UU/Wf1·U1wq, Utnf1WU-pnLf1Q L. nt J)b' ou-UJ/i-
Cb2l1l0 h(j!Jm[jwzrtPWJnLil nnL.t 4.WU~Wf1WI1 h(j!JnlU~ (~WJUWll.n-
1/lwO, [JU-11/Wf1U7W/j, [JUU1-{1WUpnLf1Q:
11~) ~Wil (jwtuWilWUnLJ'IJW(j llb2 n11L.t pW11~ mdq~(j Wfll.llWUWlinLpjnL(j(j
Pw11q L. CiwtuwowGgw4.np pwobp[! 4wllbL~ t l.llnrtwqwp~bL (jw.L.
t, n11n ~wJilwuwLtn!14.w6 t tunuewJ~U ~wll wpmwuw[iw~wu hwllw-
wnw[ig qw(j~wmllw(j' hW20111l 111011.[! Lflntuwlll'lbLnl[ wpllwmo ~wll
~wl.llwutuw(j h[i!bflw(jq.n4.:
wllpnf\2W~w(j pwon, wJu~ue(j' ~WflllWL~u ~whbLn4. pwn~ qwu~wJ~(j
'6~zl.ll Wfll.llwuw[impJmun· n! llpwJG ~Wfll:iL~ t q.l'lbL' Wf1W-q!JOpwg,
Qlif1fu!JO·!J/1fl, w-fioqm UJ, w-Onf1nz. hw-qwq!Jbf. dn-tfliqf1, qli-mwl/1,
39
38
=lwjb(1b0nul 2D21t1(1 hjHHiw4w(jnul mdq(jwJh(j t. nf1(! qn116 t w6- pwJ!l(j q.b11wllwu w(jllwllo' Kpwnu liil» 4w~w4gmpJm(j(j t, n11o u !'111
l{m.ll ~(j!~bu pwr.brmll. WJ(j~bu u zw,nqp(jbrmu m wllpn11.2w4w(j tt11w t 4rmll h!lll(jw4wCi zbzlll[F
(jwruwflwumpJmufiormu: Snwtlwpw0w4w0 zbzlll[! wllb(jllg wnw2 ~WJilwOwLI.nrl{wo t
=!WJbrb(jnul zbzU1f1 Ll'!finul t pwt:!WJ~(j. zwrnLJpWJ~Ci u U11'1Wtlw- tunuQ!l h(j!bl1w(jqnl{, "11[! (jwi.J. 4n!4mll t liWI1UlWUW(jw4w(j zbzlll: UJU
pwfiw~w(j: llb~emli (jwfuWilWUnLpjw(j llb2 WJ(j pwnu t zbzUll{ntll, n11~ l{f1W fun-
PwnwJ!lG zbzlll[! ruu{nul t lili.lJWL pwr.n nrut tlw(j4~ l{j1w, brp UOI'l.U wnw(j(1(jw4~ Ol2Will1nLPJnL(j t llW11<1(jmll u [!(jllqOmli Uli.lJWL LljW-
pwn~ llb2 zb2m4mll, wnwQMwgl{nul t ltll{JWL ~w(j4o: CuLn WJilll' w- h!l(j WJL pwn~ 4wll (jw~•wllwumpJw(j llli.lJWL w(jllwll!l 4wrunrmpJm(jo:
libCr lill pwn m(j~ 1'!11.2b21I1[!, nro um!nnwpwfi D(j4(jnuJ t (ji1W 4b1121l(j Srwllwpw(jw4w(j zuz•no U.u un4ni1WPWf1 o(j4(jnul t pwn~ 4bl12~(j
l{w(j41l llwJ(jwl{npn 4hw. ll(j!~bu' nwwunq - nwwunquli{l- nwwun- l{w(j4!l <1WJ(jwl{nl1!l 411W U hwli[!(j4(jbtnl{ pWilWJ!l(j zbzlll!l(j' 1)11W(j!lg
qwl;wu, pwfJwp- pwqwpw;ftu u. wnu: uzb(je (jw!J, nl1zb£mo t 11 pte UlWI1Pbrl{nul t wl{btll mctb11. Wl1i.llwpbrmpJwllp: t'>(jg4bu' ~upwuo 4/1-
w(jt.flnt.flntu !ll Lll(jnul U. pwn!l wlitiw(j lll:i~emli Ulbl'l.wzwrdl{mll t L. zbpg tJbqunuJ t t1.Ujf1WpWf/Wp QUWgpnt/~ (jwfuWilWUnLpjw(j llb2, bpb
o(j4umli (jnr pwnn 4wll pwnwllutJ 4b1121l(j l{w(j41l llwj(jwt.l_nrJ'l 4rw: tunun'l.ll (j~wlllw4(j WJ(j t. nr [!(jllqOl{!l. pb nl{ t q(jwgn'l.[!. zbzllll{mli t
UJu wnmllnl{ tL. ll(j!~bu hwliwtu [jzl{mll t tbql{wpw(jw4w(j qrw4w- Unwdn b(jpw4w(j. (wJu!l(je(j' q.Qwgnl'l.[! UpwtlQ t un1 pb tlb4 ntl11l2[!):
(jmpJw(j llb2, hwjb!'lb(j!l zb2Ul{] (jw!J 4WJOL(j-2W!1dw4w(j t: ljw(j llb~ Ub4 WJL llb~emli 4wrnl1. t zbzUll{bt. pb bflp t llb4(jmll (q/lzlipo). nu4
eb!1, b11p zbzUl(j [!(j4(jmll t pwn!l n~ pb l{b112h(j, WJL l{b!12[!(jpb!1, !lu4 bl111"f11l llb~,emli' ll(j!n4 t lib4(jmll (quwgpnt/). U. ll111wllwpw(jw4w(j
brpbllC.: tL (jmJ(jllu4 wnw2~(j l{w(j41llf.rw: zbzlll(j [!(j4(jmll t UlLUWL pwn~ l{rw: S11wliwpw(jw4w(j zbzlll[! U.u ll1Wf1-
. w) trp pwnn l{tr2w(jmll t o qwl'l.lJl(jwl{w(j4nl{, !lG!~bu' wzw- pb!1 Wl1ll1WhWJlllntpJm(j(jbf1 m(jll, b11p (jwfuwllWUnLpJw(j llb2 llll un11
/;lif1tnf!, PWf/Wpf!, 0{1!] u wn(j: 4wli hWJUl(j!l, ow(jnp pw(j t wul{mll, hwl{WUW11 zbzUll{ntll b(j UI1W pn-
p) Pw11.wllwJ(j!lg hb~t~n Ulilwgw4w(j, 111llin11n2. gntgw4w(j hn11 m(jb- L"11 llwubl1[!. ~u4 b11p llll pw(j 4114(jl{mll 4wll hw4wllf14ntll t llll WJL
gnl'l pwnbrmll' !]U/;li{lu, qft{lpfJ, wz/uw{1hu, pnL)f1fJ, wzfuw{1hm uu u WJL(j: pw(j!l, U111wllwpwuw4w(j zbzlll bu wn(jmll wJ(j pwnb11o. nrn(jgnl{
q) Ub4m4bu 4wll fJ qwrtm(jwl{w(j4 m(jbgnl'l pwnbrmll' tfwuf1 (jrw(j,e b(j Wl1ll1WhWJllll{mll, !lG!~bu' «'1m tlfrwju WffJ q/llllliu», «'1m
UWUf1, t/WQf1, l;w)Uf1, fJnL Ul/1(1, illiizf1 L. wn(j: ' fuwTipO liu 1.11liuli[, fJnL qJwTipO liu hftzmil» U. wn(j:
. ll) U~ tumllp br4l[w(j4 pwnbnmll, llG£~bu' ilftpli, qm 'gli, SI1Wilwpw(jw4w(j zbzlll[! llP11U 4w(jn(j Wl1ll1WhWjllll{ntll t Q.I1Wl{nr
UnLJUftuf;, f]WjJOJWf, plib, hwli/;W{10, !l(j!~bu (jw!J li~ ew(j~ pwqllw- funuemll, !lu4 pw(jwl{n11 funuemll WJ(j t.flnfuWI1!l(jl{mll t hwllW~W
l{w(j4 pwnbrntll' uwliwifwOfJ, l/li'glif1nf1fJ, nf1lif1nflfJ u wn(j: UlWUfuw(j h(j!brw(jqnl{ (~(jum(jwg!lw):
u~ zwre pwnbr' hwm4w~tw hWI1Wili1W4nr PW111lnLPJntu(jb!1[!.
bf14m zbzlll b(j D(jllmumll, urw(jp br4zb!1Ul pwnb11(j bu, nrn(jg!lg llb4o
qlfuwl{nr. !lu4 lljntU[! b!1411nl1'lW4w(j zbzlll t, ll(jitllbu' [Wg tftOli/, w- =tu~antuu<Dntuntraantu
/;wup fJulij, qfmJu plif1lif, wjpn'l/ wulif u. wn(j:
uliw(j zbzll1Will1nLPJnL(j m(jb[j (jwi.J 4114uwl{nr u pwr[hjmuw4wu =mvm(jwt.flntumpJm(jo tbql{w4w(j wJ(j ~11"11.nLPJm(j(j t. bflp Lbql{!l
PWf11)nLpJm(j(jb!1[!. t"t(ji~bu' l;wuwg-l;wuwg, /;wl.l./nt/tn-/;wl.l./m)lll, ~wUlllw4w(j ll1WI1Pb11 t.flmtbrmll ll!li.J.(jnLJu pwnll llb2 tbql{w4w(j 4wll
fJW1.17W{1/;-ilwtnw{11;, l;w(lq m l;wunu, fW'g m l;ntf, wiz m hw'g, O/li m Wf1lllWLbql{w4w(j q.nron(j(jb111l hbllli.J.w(jenl{ Ulb'l.!l t m(jb(jmll h(jHm(j-
OWf//1'/; u WJL(j: (jbflll t.flnt.flntumpJm(j:
Unl{nrwpwr 2Wf1nLJJ)WJ!lU zbzltl t 4rmtd 2W11nLJJ)Ubrh 4wll li!lw- UJu bl1unLJPC! p(jnrnz t ll(j!~bu llwJ(jwl{n11(jb11~(j. wJ(j~bu tL pw-
4ni1JWL pwnwtudpfl qbi1WilUJU UJ(jflWil[!: UjULljbu' ((CU ftil wumz 7w- 11.WllwJUUb111l(j. hUi.Jm(jwt.flnfunLPJnL(j t 4Wll1Wf1l{ntll h(j!JnL(j(jbflll t.fln-
JWUIJ7WU/1 W{1i.JWhWU pwa{j liu Uflf1nLU» (jwtuwl)wunLpjw(j llb4 2W!1nLJ- t.flnfuntpjw(j, bf1pbllu (jwi.J. (j11wug u11.1lw(j hbllluwuenl{:
40 41
=iwJbpbunul pwq1h.uptut m l11wppbp bu hu!.JmuwlllntumpJWU ll) Ut bp~pwppwll[! pw11.wllwJ(j~g wnw2 flWpllbL t o, ~(j!~bu ·
tqwl116wnubp[!. WJUU1b'l. wnw~bL ~wpLLnp bu zbzl11~ LL upw ll~PJ?~ hbl11 mwtli>U70U, WLIJ>OIJ, /tUJf1WlU7>/tUJ{10fft lL WJL(j:
~w~tl.w6 lllnlllnlumpJmu[ibp[!, ~(j!~bu uwLL h[ivm(j[ibp~ p(jmJpQ, WJ- b) tw bp~pwppwno h~llQw~wGmll tl.bpw6tl.bL t )UJ bp~hGiJmGjl,
u~(j_e(f pb jl£iz hUiJnLUUOj1 ~(j£~~u~ huvm(j(jbfl~ hb1.n b(j 4Wl4W4g~nul, ~O!~bu' ublibwq - ubliJW/t, u;wmbwli - IJIWU1JWU, I/WJf1ftbwli -
~G! ~nll.llbrmtl. m hwl11~wu~zubpntl. bQ upwGp wnG!tl.mll m [!GflhwGpw- I/WJf1itJWU LL WJL (j:
umll, ~(j!~~u~ Wpl11wuwQw~w(j ll~PJ? m bll.w(jw~ mQb(j LL wnG: q) tJt, ftl bp~pwppwn[ibp[! hjlll(jw~wGmll tl.bpw6tl.bL; bQ Jnl
~w(j~ np hG!Jm(jwlllntuw~wu flb~J?bp[! ~WJllw[iwtl.nptl.w6 b(j bp~hGiJmG~. ~G!~bu' Wf0Lf1 - W[JnLf1, Wf1DLii - Wf1JnLU, dj1lli - djntli,
1.nwppbp hw[icp.utlwCi;?Cibpntl., mul11~ L. l11Wf!pbr. bu [iwl..r. [ipw[ig flWUW- qjuq - QJnLfJ, 11/JOmp/llli- diJOmpjmli LL WJLG:
~wpq.llwQ u~qpm(j.e(jbp(j m llnl11bgmll[il:ip[F t) tJwJ bp~pwppwno · JLU bp~hG!JntGjl, !lG!~bu' .Rf1ftuumliliwJ
~WJbpbGnLll UlWflpbpw~~nul t hGvmuwtflnlumpJw(j bnb.e tunulp' .Rf1ftuumliJW, tlw{1tlwr.bwJ - !lw{111Wf1JW, ~u~ bwL tmwpwppwno · Jn
UfWUl~W~WG, rWI"JlWJ~(i ~wll zbzm~g ~wtutl.wo LL lflntuwqf1bgw~w(j bp~h(j!Jm(jjl' Wf11JDWl.R- Wf11JJn.R. IJUU7UJUDWl.R -f]UU7WUJn.R lL wnG:
h(jiJnL(jwlllntunLpJnL(j: [!) Unw[illjl(j pwnbpmll Ull.tl.bL t q.pwpwp~ /1 tl.bp2[iwhG!JmGo. jl(jz-
~bu' mbfJ/1 -U1bfJ, Wf10nL/1- Wf70/11/. hftwftu/1- hjnwftu:
"lUSl1U4Uu ~u!)SmuucPmumrasmu
qpwpwpjwG lljl zwp.e llpwtl.wG~ LL pwqllwtl.wG~ pwnbpmll Ull.tl.bL
'llwm~w~wQ ~wll oGflhwGnLI" hG!JnLGwlllntumpJmG bQ hwllwl'l-
t {j llwJGnpflQ, jlG!~bu f}ntnli - !JnLD, dmftli - dmft, mumtlli - nwmtl,
tl.mll hGiJmGw~wQ WJG lllnlllntumpJmGGbp[!, npnG.e l11b'1.!1 bQ mGbgbL qwnli- qwn LL wnG:
Lbqtl.jl qwpqwgllwQ l11Wppbp lllmLbpmll LL uwhllwGwlllw~tl.mll bQ n1 ct) U11.tl.bL t qpwpwpjl J llwjGnpfl[! pwnwtl.bP211G w, n llwjGwtl.np-
pb llb~ ~wll llp .ewGp oppGw~Qbpntl. m flb~J?bpntl., WJL [!Gflqp~mll bQ QbpjlQ hW21111flllll. llPPJ?bpmll, pG!~bu' ownwJ - ownw, ewhwliwJ -
GnLJG ~wll [illw(j pnLnp flb~J?bp[! lL flPWGntl. tL wpl11WQI1Lntll bQ Lbqtl.p ewhwliw, bf1bftnJ- bf1bftn lL wnG: . _
h[iiJmGw~wQ ~wqll~ UfWLnllw~wQ qwpq.wgmllo: 'llwU1llw~wQ hG!JnL- p) qpwpwpJw(j pwnwu~qpp 1 hGvmGo tl.bpw6tl.bL t h PWil.wllwJ-
GwlllntumpJWG flb~J?bp[! hpllQw~wGmll ~wLnwptl.bL bQ Lbqtl.p qwp- Qp' Jftumli- hftumli, Jftzbt - hftzbt LL wnG.
q.wgllwu GwtuGw~wQ lllnqbpmll, LL ctwllwGw~w~jlg qpw~wQ hwjbpb- L) 'llwLntSwnw~wQ pwjbp~ -mgwli(bt) w6wGg[! ctwllwGw~w~jlg
Gmll flflWGJ? WJLlLU !b(j qnp6mll: =!GiJmGwlllntumpjw(j WJU bplLnLJP[! hwjb(\bGnLll flWpllbL t g (gli), !lG!~bu' tlwmmgwlibt - tlwmmgb[ -
G~wl11bLI1 t !lG!Ufbu llwJGW~npGbpjl, pwll.wllwJGGbpjl, WJG~bu LL bp~ hwinmgwlibt- hwmmgb[ LL wnG:
pwppwnGbpp m bnwpwppwnGbpp flb~.emll: lu) 4Wl11WPtl.bL t hG!JntGGbpjl lljlwgmll LL ~wpqbgmll. WJUtqbu'
uzb[i.e flPWGgpg llp .ewGpuo. ubu;mhwftwfio. flWpllbL t ubt/lwftwli (u;h=t/1). Wf1U1WUnL.R - UJ{1gntli.f}
w) =!pQ hwJbpbQp pwnwu~qpp b llwJ[iwtl.np[!, np hGmll wpU1w- (U1u=g). OUJOUJUD[ - U1UJU1UJU0[, UUJUUJUO[ (o=mu}, ~UJUUJjO[ - owlinp,
uwuLtbL t jlpplL t. ctwllwGw~p [!Gpwgj?nLllflwpllbL t jb, pG!~bu' Of1~Wf }mwn- nifwn (j=pz} lL wnG:
(!{111/Wt). /;f1blt (l{1l/t). bu (tu>jbu) LL wnG:
p) t llwjuwtl.npQ, np[! pwnjl Plllllll llllPJ?bpmll h(j!tl.bL t lljlwl11b- '1N'~U9ru 4UU Ct;CSrB 4Utu'-lUO =\u!)9ntuUcPntumrasmu
uw~ (lwq, tp, qlu. IJIWf1U7(q, pwql), GnLJGwgbL t pwnwll!12JWG b-jlQ LL
WJLlLU !P U1Wppbptl.nLll QpwQpg, pQ!~bu' hUJj0{1(1i>hwj0{1bli, U(f1>Ubf1,
'lppJ?WJpG ~wll, pG!~bu hwtSwtu wGtl.wGmll bQ, ctwnwGqnpflw-
nuftl>nuq/; LL WJL Q:
~wQ hGiJmGwlllntumPJnLG[! ~WJllwGwtl.nptl.w6 t hwjbpbQjl zbzl11jlfljlp-
q.) P.wnwu~qpp n (o) llwJGwtl.np[!, npo GmJG ~bp~ t h[i!tl.bL GwLL
.entl.: I"Gz~bu wpflbG Gztl.bL t, hwjbpbQmll pwnjl llb2 zbzU1G [!G~Qmll t
pw11Wllp2mll LL pwnwtl.bp2mll, hbl11wqwjmll pwnwu~qpnLll wpl11w-
tl.b112!1G tl.wG~jlllwjGwtl.npjl tl.pw, LL WJflflb~.emll, pQw~wQwpwp, WJ'l
uwGLtbL t np~bu bp~hGiJmG' (1/o), !lG!~bu' n{11J/1 (I/Of1pft), n{1 (ifof1),
llwJGwtl.npG mctbll. t. llJmu w[izbzl11 llwJ[iwtl.np[ibpn zbzU1w~ppllwJGW-
nuq/7 (ljouq/1), njv (ljojv) LL wnG:
42 43
ttn110b11~ hwllbllwl11 pmJL bu m wu~wJmO l.t hbzlilmpJwllp ~w11nrt bO
41nijmtumpJw0 bCipw11~tlbL: ttt whw pwn~ w!StlwO (hnLnt{tlwO, tun- p) pwnw4bl12nLil. w;q/1- w;qm, tlnf7p/1- tlnf7pm, qfru/1- q/lum (/1> m):
uw,Mwu, pwowpw111lllwO, w6wugllw0 l.t hnqOw~~~ ~wqtlmp 1 wu) ft Owj0w4nfl[! !~ hO!JmOwijlntuttmll npnz ll~w4_w04 pwnbpnul
'lbuu~bl1mll, bpp zb2l11£! lilbll.wlftntuttmll t ~11 ~WJnLU U1Dfl[!, WJu~OEG' (d/7 - dfrwt/nf7, P/1 - pfrwft - pfrwt/UJf7b[}, ~Og4bu Gwl.t PW11'l pwnb11fl
l!b112~0 ttwu~~ tt11w, uwtu~~umll zbzl11 ~11n11. ~wJuwttnl1o zbzlilw~n bfl411"11'l PWil.W'lfl~! hwllw114n11. ll~wttwu4 WJO pwnb11mll, n11lilbll. WJ'l
nmJu t L~Omtl, PnLLWOmli t l.t hbzlilmpJwllp hO!Jmuwlflntuttmll t: pWflW'll1~!0bl10 ~11bug h~tluw~wu ~llWUUl[! !bO ~wh~wfibL. h{7wdfrq -
POw~wu t. n11 2D2ll1~9 ~wtuttw6 hfi!JntuwlflntumpjwO bu b0pwl1~- hf7wdfrq/1, Pf7it/1f7 - Pf7it/1f7/1:
4mll ~wJuwttnl1 hO!JmOubl10 m l:in~hfi!Jmuubl1[!: ~WJbl1bOmll h~llOw~w fll Owj0wttnl1n4 u~uttn11. ll~wttwO~ pwnb11mll, n11nOg P~41:! hwllb-
umll hfi!JntOwlflntuttnLil bu !(b), jl, m ~WJUW4nl10bl1[!, jUJ, ntj bl1~hU!JnLU· llwU1WPWfl uwhllwOwijlw~ t. WJU !~ hO!JmOwijlntuttmll, ~fi!~bu'
ubl1£!, ~u~ llwuuw~~ 'li:i~Ebl1mll' Owl.t w, n(o) OwJOwttn11ub11[!: mjuU7 - mjuU7b[, mu - mubf7, uw~wJO npnz pwllbpmll m OwJuwttnn£!
t(b) OwJfiw4nl1£! pwnwu~qpmll l.t pwnwll~2nLil 'lWnOmtl t jl' tp- pwnwu~qpmll h0!Jm0wijlntu4mll t l.t 'lWnOmll IJ, ~U!~bu • muq - IJU-
frpubt. fq · frqwftwu, f2 - frzmft, ubf7- ufrf7bt. U7bf7- U7/1f7wftwu, t/bu;- qbqM, mtlu; -IJtlutbt. muft -IJuftwtbL 1.t wnO:
t/fru;wuwu: PwnwpW(l'lllwu, pbEilwu l.t hnqOw~~~ ~wqtlmpjwO 'lb~Entll
t 0wJOw4nl1[!. n11 WJU011 qnmll t b-ntt. !~ hO!Jmuwlflntuttmll pw- pwnwll~2~ nt-0 ijlntuttmll t qW11.UlUW4w0~ D-~- U7nLU - U7UWftwu,
nwttbl12ntll, ~O!~bu' pwqb- pwqbfr, Wt/IUb- wifwbwJUJt/1, {7nu;b- {7n- U7UWJ/1/i, U7Ubf7, U1f7U1nLUp - U7f7U1nLUpUbf7, U7f7U1UpUI[, WUnLf7P - UJUf7pW-
u;bwftwu, pbEilwu Ol.tbpmtl m hnqOw~~~ ~wqllntpJwO dwllwOw~· {jw[, tlf7tlmup- tlf7tlupw[:
U/Wf7U7bq- U/Wf7U7bqubf7, t/but- t/bu;/1- t/butbf7l.t WJLO: flt-u D qwqLnOwttwu~~ t 4bpw64mll Owl.t, b(lp ll~wttwfi~ pWil[!,
ft OwJOw4nfl[! pwnwu~qpmtl 'lWilumll t o· frud -1JUdnLIJU7 -IJU- n11~bu pwfl'l pwn~ bl1~11"fl'l PWil.W'lfl~!. !~ ~wh~wOmtl ~fl h~tlOw
dbuwtfnf7, frqd -IJI]dwt/1. /7u1 -IJUJwqmpft: ~wfi ~llwuLn[!, ~(j!~bu' hf7nuwftwfumtlp - h{7nuwftwfutlplif7, wqwU7w-
Pwnwll~2ntll 4bpw6ttmll t !q111tn11. I! qwqliluwttwO~~- ufrf7U7 - qmf7ft- wqwU7WQf7/tb[, qn{7wqmuq- qn{7wquqfr, qn{7wquqbf7l.t wnu:
u(1J}f7U1nU1, tl/1U7p • tl(1J}U7wt/nf7, qfrf7P - q(IJ}f7pwubf7; Pwnw4bfl2~ pwg ttwO~~ m-0 ~wJOwttnnObl1~9 wnw2 Lflntuttmll t
IJ qW11.Ul0W4w0~~ t 4bi1W64ntll Owl.t W(lilWUl~ ~(l~Ontpjwtlp if~, ~U!~bu' 1m -Jt/wgmgwft, wnm - wnt/wft, tlbqm - tlbqt/wu;wh,
~gw~wO PWfl'lnLPJnLO ~wqllbLnt l.t PWI1'l pwnbp~ pbEilwO 'lb~Emll, [bqm -[bqtfwpwul.t wnO:
bnp PWfl'lnLPJwu 4bfl2~fi PWil.W'lflPW ll~wttwu~ t. tJO!~bu' dfrq - nl1n2 'lb~EDI1nLil nL OwjOwttnfl(! Ul1.4ntll t (wtlm[ - WU[WUW[, w-
dqdqb[, ftfrg - ftgftgb[ ~wll' pbnuwft/1!7 - pbnuwft(l!)f7/1, Of7WQ/1f7 - Unlf7- wtlf7WUW[, fJWtmlt- fJW[/tUJUW[, tlwpnLf7 -tlwpf7b[} hwLn~w~bu
Of7WQ(IJ)f7/1l.t WJL {j; -nul w6w0g mObgn11. pwJwOmOObpmll. funuU1mtl- junuU7tlwu, nwmtl
Pwfl'lnLPJWO l.t w6w0gtlw0 'lb~Emll pwqllwttwO~ pwn~ pwg - nwtlwu, U1wU1wumtl- U7WU7wutlwu:
ttwO~mll, WJu~OEO' pwn~ 4bl12ntll /7 OwJ0w4nl1o. ll~w0wLn4 w hn'lw- flt 0wJuwttnl1[! !~ hO!Jmuwijlntuttmll hnquw~~~ ~wqllmpJwu
~w~~u. 'lWnOmtl t II(t). qfrufr-w-qnf7o- qfrubqnf7o, pwf7fr-w-ftwtl- pw- 'lb~Emll, h~tlOw~wOmll pwnw4bl12~ pwg ttwu~mll, ~O!~bu' tlbqm -
f7bftwtl, nuftfr-w-qm;u- nuftbqm;u, w;qfr-w-u;wu - w;qbu;wu: tlbqmubf7, nLf7nL - nLf7nLU/if7, dnqnt/nLf7fJ - dnqnt/mf7fJUbf7, ~fi!~bu Owl.t
Pwnwttbfl2mll wft 4bi12W6wugn4 ~wqll4w6 pwnbnmll jl OwJOW- pwn~ pbEilwO 'lb~Ebflmll, bpp ~pfll.t pwfl'l pwn~ bi14110fl'l PW11.W'll1~!
4nfl[! 'lWilOnttl t j. hnqfr - hnq;wft, UJI]Wt/U/1 - Wf]Wt/UJWft, U/WU1WU/1 - hw0'lbu b~nrt ll~wttwO~ pwno ~wh~wOmll t ~fl h~tlfiw~wo ~llwul11[!.
U/WU1WUJWft l.t WJL 0: pf7tlnLIJ - pf7tlmqubf7, hwgpmfu - hwgpmjuulif7:
, OwJuwttnfl£! ~wnn11. t U11.4bL hbLnl.tJWL 'lb~Eb11mll. I"O!~bu W(l'lbO Oz4bL t. UJ, n OwjOwttnnub(l[! hwllbllWUlWPWfl
w) ll~ 2WI1E pwnb11~ ijlw~ ttwO~mll. owqfrft- owrJftbt. qbqbgfrft - ~wJmO bO, pwJQ, wJOmwllbOwJO~tt. wnwOO~O 'lb~Ebl1mll 011wOE ~w
qbqbgftwuw[, Uf7/1Uq - Uf7UQWhWf7. flnrt bO bOpwfl~4bL hO!.JmOwijlntumpjWO ~wll Ul1.4bL: npnz pWilDI1nLil
44
UJ Owj0w4nl1[! 'lWilOmll t o. ~O!~bu' pwt/lliL - pwt/lpt/1/i[, owftliL -
45
~w"~"b[, lJIWfbt - lJIWllJI!bt. ~u~ llp 2Wii.P pwnbnmll u11.!lmll t. wp- (;nul, llf'IWlfJnfunLPJnLO, hw~wpwOmpjmO, liiWflWpwGniJ#JRLG, wlltftn-
tlwU1 - wpt1U1/Ip, pwqwp - J}Wf/J}bfi/1. "nrfw" - "nff"b[, ;/IV1wft - lflnLil. h01Jm0llbp~ hw~bLnlll, wC.~nul u wnu:
21.11"bt u WJLG: Unliilwlinul (wufulfJtJWgjuu): UnGilwGnul[! hOt~mOwtfln-
UnwGli~G llbUI.Pbflmll, hw111~WU!bu dnll.ni.tflllWII.Inuw4gwi.jwG Lbq-
tuw~wO wJG bnunLJpG t, bflp hwi11~WU!bu ll~U.GnLJG pwn~ llb2 ll~
~mll hGt~mC.wtflntu~ntll t C.wu n llwjGw~n(l[!, ~G!Ujbu' np"np - np"- hC.!.JmC.o wq11mll t llb~ WJL hO!JmG~ ~flw u wllpn11.2n~~G ~wll nJ1ut
f7Wtlnt, IIU"Ilfl- 11U"f7WjuU1, t./Jilflb[ - t./Jnpt./Jpb[ u WJLO: hw111~WG~zn~ OllwGbgGmll ~wll lln111bgC.mll t ~flbG: Qul11 WJilll' L~Omll
Pwnbfl~ pWflllWQilwG ~wll wowGgllwC. llbUI,PnLil zbzl11~ 111bll.w!fln- t Lfl~~ u llwuC.w~~ ~wll pbfl~ u L~W~W111Wf1: b~ ,pwG~ n(l hG!JnLC.[] ~w
jumpjwG hb111uwG,pn~ h0t~m0w4'!nfti~mll bO uwu nnnz bfl4hG!JnLijGbp: nnll. t wqllbL ~flbGpg wnwp ~wll pflbO~g hb111n nG~wo hG!JmG~ ~flw,
flLJ bfl4hG!.JnL0[] ~bnwo~mll t m ~wnq llwJGw~nfl~. pm;u - pm- wnGilwOmllo L~Gmll t Gwu wnw2olipwg u bmolipwg:
uwpwti, pmuw"wfi, qm;ti- qmtiwt./ntl, qmOwV1, lJUI/IltJq - [JIJ"mqbO,h, UnDilwGnulo [~w~wmwp t, bflp pwnp llbp ll~ hG!.JmGo wq11mll t
nqpm;O- nqpmObt, nqpmOmtl: llb~ WJL hG!JnLG~ ~flW u wllpni1.2WU!bu Gm.JGwgGmll ~flbO: UJUUjbu· pn-
U~ 2Wfl.P pwnb(lnul nLJ bfl4hG!JnL0[! ~b(lw64_mll t f! qWI1.UlGW- P/1" pwno L~W~W111Wfl wnGilwGilwG Ofl~Gw~ t. bflp bfl~2flPGWJ~G llwJ-
~wG4~ 4wll ~W(lnll. t Ull.~bL. ~G!Ujbu" "WU/11LJU1 - "WlJIU1bf, "WlJIUIW- Gbll. UjWJPW~wO p-G wqllbL t ~flbGpg wnw2 q111G~n11. bi11GWLbq~WJ~G
1/mO, pmJO - pOwifbfl, lJIU1nLJU1- lJIU1V1whnqt1, lJIU1U1wdnq, uwnm;g- ftimL UIWJPW~w(j /t~ ~flW u wllpn11.2WUibU C.llwC.bg(lbL ~flbG, WJU~fi,p(j"
uwngWfJ.WlV1, W[Jillfl - W[f7WI/wrfwn, wp;mO wpOwp/1~. ll~ ,pwG~ pw- GwftiwUjbu bll.bL t pn"/1" (pn", pn"mnti) u llWflllbL t pnpft", ~wll·
nbnmll tL llWnGmll t b, ~G!Uibu· tlftmp;mO- tlftmpbOw"wO, bqp;mp - ppgwtipwn~g hbLnwqwJmll wnw2wgbL t gpgwtHU.n:
bqpbpwljnp, WfljllLO- -wpbOw"ftg u wnG: UnOilwGmlln pbfl~ t, bflp hG!.JmG[], wqllbLn~ llb~ WJL hGt~mC.~
!Jw bfl4hO!JmG[] wnwC.li~C. llbUI,Pb(lmll hG!.JmGwtflnlu~mll t u · ilflW, "! pb OllwObgOmll t, WJL nnut hwi11~WG~zn~ (llwjGbll.nLPJWilp
llWilGmll b, ~(j!Uit;u· lJIWU1jW0- U/WU1b0WI/Ilf7, lJII.UU1b0wqWf7!J, tlwU1- ~wll ftiLnLPJWilp Wfl111WUw0mpjW0 111b11.n~, b11.w0w~n~) lln111bgGmll t
jW0- ilWU1b0wqftf7, ifWU1b0t.UfJ.Wf7W0, "WU1Wf7JW[ - "WU1Wflb[WQ11f7· ~flbO: UJUUjbu' p-0, wqqbLn~ wnw2GwLbq~wJ~C. llwjGnflll 0{1 ~flw,
~b[, "WU1Wflb[I1Lpji1L0, WU1}W0- WU1b0WlJibU1 u WJLO: llWflliOmll t t1, nno GllwG~mll t p-~(j Wfli11WpbflntpjwG 111bll.n~. ~0!
3m bfl4hG!JnL0[! ctwllwC.w~w4~g hwjbflbOmll hwq4_wllbUI t UjbU' wp;mti - wp;wtlp, mpwjump;mti - mpwjump;wtip - mpwjump-
hG!JntGwtflnlu~mll, pWJQ l~wO flbUI.Pbfl, bflp WJG !lbnwo~mll t f!-fl,
;wtlp, [Jfi!Jpntibt -[Jtlpntibt u WJLO:
~G!Uibu· d;mO - dOwpbp, dOwpm.e, ff;mq - ffqw"nU111f7, ffqwt./JWJU1,
!l.emzbt - u.enqb[ pwnmll 111b11.~ t mGbgbL pbfl~. bi11[!Gpwg
wnC.IlwOmll. WllWI?UWLbq~wj~G llwjObll. ztflw~w(j q-~ ~flW wqllbLn~·
Wf/PJIIL/1 - wqppwpmp, 4wll' Ull.~mll t. ~G!Uibu' wp;mO - wpOwOtlwO,
b111GwLbq~WJ~(j zG!bll. ftimL UjWJPW~wG p-G ftiLWQflbL t" llWflliObLn~
wpOwqm;O, WUillfl- W[flWf/Wg, W[f7WU111LO tlpp;mO- tlppOwOng u wnG:
WllW20WLbq~WJ~(j ftimL ztflw~w(j u:
Unw.2o0pwg wnGilwGilwG llbUI.PnLll C.wftinflll hG!JmGG t wqllmll
<DntuUfllltBU'-fUu =tu~Sntuu<Dntuntrasntu
hw2nflll~ ~flW h llmnbgGmll ~wll C.llwGbgGmll ~flbG, ~G!Ujbu' pnp/1" -
(/)njuwqqbgwftwli hG!JmGwtfmftimpJmGG wJG bflunLJpG t, bflp pnp/1", qpwu qwt - qpwq qw[, wtllJI- wtlp u wnG:
pwn~ llb2 hGt~mGGbn~g llb~G wq11mll t ~flbG~g wnw2 ~wll hb11m oG- Swptiilwtimil (qfJufJtlfruwgfJw): SwnGilwGmllo wnGilwGilwG
~wo nnut hG!JnLG~ ~flW u tflnftimll 111t.IJWL hG!.JmG~ llwjGWj~G nnw~[! hw~wnw~ bnumJpG t, bflp pwn~ llb2 hG!.JmC.[], wqqbLn~ C.nL)Gw~wG
~wll Wf1111wuwGw~wG 111b11.G m b11.wGw~o: Cl>nftiwqllbgw~wG hG!.Jm- ~wll hwnwpbflw~~g llb~ WJL hG!.JmG~ ~flW, hbnwgC.mll t ~flbG~g:
Gw4'!nftimpJmGo UIWJilwGw~nn~wo t qwGwqwG qnnonGGbfln~ u SwpfillwC.ntll[! GmJGL4bU L~Gmll t L~W~WLnWfl u pbp~. WDWS![lG-
llflWGg hwllWUjWI11WUjuWG mG~ 111Wflpbfl llflUun(lmllGb(l, [!UI11 WJilll tL pwg m tunoOpwg. WJU 'lbUI.Pnul GmJGUjbu w~bL~ 111WflWO~w6 t b-
L~Gmll t 111Wflpbfl 111buw~Gb(l~· hG!.JmGGbfl~ wn(illwGnul u liiUiflLIIlw- 111[!0pwg 111W(1GllwGnLil[!.
46 47
L~w4wmwp mwpullwullwu l')buu~mll huvmuo pwgwpdw4w~bu _ ~brw4w0w4wu hwllwpwOmpJwG f1.bUU2"Lil pbrw4wGw4wu w-
Lllntunul t !111 npw4[1: U1u~bu' pnpftlt pwnnLilll~wdwuwOw4 04wl.llbLjl awfi~~(i d~bp wql').mll bG jlpbGg hb111 nOt-nil 4nrtllbrnt.l 4w~tl.w6 d~br~
t Gw~ ~nwnullwOilwu bp~mJp[!. pwnw~bfl2~ blll!iwtbqqwJ~u tumL ttrw ~ Gllwubgumll ppbug: ebnw4w0w4w0 hwllwpwumpJmOQ wt.lbt~
~WJ~w4wu It huvmuo wqi'J.bL t pwnwll~p~ It hu!]nLup ~rw La wllpn 11- LWJO [!UflQ.I14nu~ IILOjl ~ llb6' rtbn t 4wmwpbL llbp Lbqtl.~ gbpw4w0w4wu
pw~bu LllntubL t upw nrw4!:!' I')WpllUbLn~ p 211PUWJ~U OWJUb'l ~Wjpw- 4wnmgt.{w6'~~ ~ upw ~wlllllw4wG qwnq.wgllwQ nrtp [!Gpwggnul:
4wu (pnp/11;): 9wllwpwGmpJwu hbl.ll~wG~ntt LtJntut.lbL t ll~ 2WI1J2 pwnbn~ hnLnt.l-
labpjl 11lWI101lwunulo wnw~bLw~bu hO!w4wG, wplllwuwOw4wG llwO ~wlll4w0bLnLPJnLU[!. wp;mO, wOI;;mO La GllwG pwnbp[! hnLntl.tl.nLll
npni'J.nLPJnLU t. WUUif1nlJI- WUlJI{InlJI, wOt/Jnt/mju- wtlt/Jnl/1nju ~ WJLU: bli /1 hnLnLf.llwlip' Wpjmliio, wO~JnLOjl, ~U!~bu [iwiJ' d;mO- tJ;m0/1, 0{1
- op/1, wtlftu - wtJu/7: 4wll /i, f, wO w6'wugGbpnt.l 4wqllt.{w6 pwJbnjl
f')pw¢n/umpjnl/i: l').pwltJntumpJm(j[! LtJntuwql')bgw4wG h01Jm- w 11 q.bLL,U4wO hnwllwJwljwQ[! w09JuJLmll 4wqlh[ma tn ubnljwj~ h~ll
GwttJntumpJw£i WJU 11lbuw40 t, bnp pwn~ llbp, wpmwuw(iw4wu ~0! e~g (tf/1' tftn0/1{1, d/1' lfV10J2, tf/1' t/JW/uf/1{1, tf/1' t/JUJjujb,R), Ubp4wJnli]U
~U! q.npO"nuubrntt ~WJllwuw~nnLtwa, ll~llJwOg ttpw wqi'J.bLm fi.I?Ull4wu tunu1UfuiUwli dl.abfl~ OllwumpJwllp wt.lbL~ 2WU1 J.twqdt.{mll t
hbUl~wu~n~ hU!Jmu Obn[! Ltlntumll bu ~nbug Ulbi'J.bnn· nu40bLnat bl.ll wfigJWL 4ut81111p,watf h~llp~g. ~Ot~bu' tf/1' tftn/1{1, tf/1' tltnb,R, tl/f t/Jw-
4wll wnwp: ~U!Jm0wlllntuw4wG WJU ~rnrtnLpJnLU[! 4ntatmll t Ow~ ~nb /11/1{1, tf/1' t/JwfttbJl ... wau:
I'J.WltlnfumpJntO 4wll hOUnLOObnjl btn~wowpmpJnLfi: l').pwlllntumpJm- Opn2 lbql!wpwr.utn~ 4wp6~pnt.{, hwllwpwumpJWU hbl.lll.awupnat t
uo IIlbrt~ t mubumll pwn~ pnLnn ll~n~bpmll. wnwp b4t.IL dwdtr.J:Cicutpu4~g hwJbpbu~ nphnLnt.lmllo: ~u111 upwug' b-
w. pwnwu4qpmll' juuwnp - ufutnn{1, dqbJ - qgbJ, tnWf1QWJ _ pb Q.flWPWflnLll WJ'If fmLnt.lm[ tp hnLnt.lttmll ll~WJU /;/10 pWil[! (/;/10
IJ.f1QWJ - QIJ.WJ ~ WJLU. · I;Dnp, VJ/fltll'6- IIP/tt&lfp}, WlJIW hbmwq.wJmll hbug qpw ullwumpJwllp
p. pwnwll~pmll' /;WlJIOf1V1 -/;Wf111/0V1, pwOwJ/1- PWJW0/1, wOwJ/1 wrllUJfm tlfi hnr.l'l'lflltit twt... wn. pwnbp, ~Gt~bu' Jlfllffl - Pf"lp, tnbfl -
- WJW0/1, wl;wOp- wOI;wOp La WJLU.
fll/lrrltr, f!litlt1rt -l'fillfqwfp " u.n. (j :
. Q.. pwnwt.{bppmll' l;pm/;0 - l;pmOit, wptlm/;0 - wptlmOI;, tJbow-
gmp- tJbO'wgpm; 1/wqbgm{l- tfwqbgpm -~ WJLU: Swf1l1J1!11'.11int~jmli: ~w4wnw~ hwllwpwumpJwu· lllwpwpw-
l').pwltJntumpJn.LU[! h~ll0w4w0mll hwlllm4 t tunuw4gw4w0 Lbq- fimpJwfi 'lbu.!J2mll ~nwr hbl.ll hwtiwtuw~~ qnnowO"t.lni'J. pwnbp~ uwh-
at~u La hwm4w~bu pwppwn0bp~£i. flOt~bu' wl;wOp - wOI;wp, hwp- llwuot,mll rrn2 fnlw(j huumuubn 4wll hO!Jmuwtullpbn trrwr~g hb-
JnLfl- hw;pmp, wOdpi.J - w0dtfbf1, untfnpbgObJ - untfpbgObJ, UlJiflVIW/;- nturinul 4ta.a1 lllWI'ltidwut.{mll bQ: UJU bpl.amJp[] hwt.nLfwt~~bu Q4wlllbL~ t
Uflll/tntu/; ~ WJLU: 4n40mp,rm.UM;pmll, ~(j!~bu' t/JwonJl-t/Jwnn~[] I').Wnftnul t wnrzu-t/Jw-
nne, pwl/fut-pWfl/w[f!. tut/WJ-pWt/WJ ~ WJLU:
=fwllwpw/impjnL/i; ~wllwpwOmpJmlio hO!JmliwltJntumpJWU SwpUilll{mLpJwi hbl.ll~wuentt bppbllG 4wrnrt b' CJ.np pwnbp wnw-
WJU lllbuw40 t. bpp Ltlntuwql')bgm~jmlio l!lbi'J.~ t mubumll "! pb UnLJU
pwGwL: ~u' llllfiMU1 pwnjl lJIWf]WlfllnWpWpwfinLJ)JWllp WRW2WQbL
pwn~ 4wqllmll, WJL ~rwr hbl.ll hwtiwtu q.np0w6t.lnrt Ulwnpbn pwnbn~
tii ll/fiJIIIiiiiR- ~ r..,. ............... .,.... lfl'll-pnq{lg' pnqpnp,
La J?bpw4w0w4w0 d~bn~ uwhllwOObpmll:
~wllwpwumpJnLU[! L~Omll t pwnwJjlli La Rbf1w4wliw4w0: Pwnw-
•••,....tt-t IJIIIIIIIIIf, ,.....,.,. -N. plllflpUIIJ ~ flll.wCi wit AWi 11:
J~U t hwllwratmll WJU hwllwpwOmpJmli[], bpp pwnu wqf1.mll t llb4 WJL -JI!gltnl (JI LLWII ,.... UJ I! (tnat1! ifu 41MJCtrJbgwljwG
pwnp 1!11w L. ~Ot-nr 4ni'J.llnat ullwubgOmll t flnbu: UJu~bu' gwO' pwn[] IWtJntfMI. . .. , . . ..,r. ••••wltu.-..
t. 1iif1fk dJl'MnlJ(i pl.Wiil~ llbp ullwu
pwf10f1 pwn~ wql').bgmpJwllp Wplllwuwuatmll t gwO'p, QQnLJl pwnp t.lwalJUppg &Uilf~ ... -••ilflli ~ ~ t, ttbiflwCJmll:
hwllwpwGmpJwllp hwliwtu J20pmza wpLnwuwlit.{mll t R0RnLJl. ;npw- Uw if'wwtnnpbi vna.lpW.W-.~Ui Jtw4 br&.l.Jm(j ~ w li 411 w Q ll~ 11lW-
OwumO pwn~ wql').bgmp]wllp • mpwOwumO, hn/;VJbtfpbp, IJ.b/;tnbtfpbf1 11WU"'buw4 t, Of\tl ~IWl W,.U IMql1 t m(jl:iCNM.Il ~CillwQ hO!JmOQb-
pwnbpjl wql')bgm~JWllp' Gw~ ubl;tnbtlpbf1, li1Wf1b/;w0 pwn~ wqqb- 11~ 4wL1 t.{w~bn~ rfmtuwf);.Wlll!l wq$gmpJWilp m. wlltfmltJmllntt:
gmpjwllp · wtJubl;wO, opbl;wO ~ WJLli:
48 49
=twJI:inb£inul ljwO wlll(ln4'JLlwO pwqllwp~Q lll:iu.u~tn: u2bOI? ll11WU- =twQI:itllwO hwljwnwlj bpL.ntJPO hU!JntOObJlp ~nl'lntumO t, bflp
gjlg ll~ gwf.ipu[!. pwnjl llb2 n04Cmul 4wll uqQmll t npla.t hO!JntO, j10tlJ.Ibu' ft;wp;bt
w) nnn2 pwnbrmul uqt.tnul t bpljm ClwjOwt.tnnOtp~g llblm (w ClwJ- /UW}D[, IJWf1}0[- IJWJD[, UfWhu- UfWU, junphb{- /Unh I.a. WJLO:
Gwl.lnnjl hb~.n ll~wu~£i), PU1lJ.Ibu' tJbpbfiw}wtnwp - tlbpbfiwtnwp, ¢b- 1£i!Jm£i~ ljnpmutn t £i4wtnbtll £iwL. npn2 4P40wQnp L. wnllwUljl
uwjwgm - 1/lbuwgm, pbltliwdmntpjmli - pbltliwdmpjmli, hnqwpwp- 4f1LtOmpJwllp 4wqllQw6 4gwl.jwu PWI'lllnLPJnt£iObpnul. ~O!lJ.Ibu' wl1np-
dmntpjntli- hnqwpwpdmp;mfi: ¢u111n1J, Wt/W[-{JWt/W[, hntnntnb[, hWJ{JWjfJD[, ¢wpwpD[, /ZJWI]Wf] ~
p} Unwut.pO llblJ.It?bnmll hwlJ.IWQQntll l:iO l:in4m h£iijm£i, p(hlJ.II:iu' wn£i. jlO!Uibu OwL.' 1J.twtnllw4w0 huum£iwttmtuntpJwO hb~.nL.wOI?nll
w;fuwphwhw;wgp - w;ft;wphw}wgp, tfwptnwpwuwfi - ffwptnwuwO, U1Df'//1 - tnbl], h;muf1uf1 - h;muf1u, ownw; - dwnw, bpbqn; - bpbq11,
tnWt/Wf1W{1WQ- tnWt/Wf'Wd: qw11fi- QW/1, pn11fi pn11 I.a. WJLO:
. q) U11.t.tnul t (u.iJL. ll~w£illw£i bp~mwltwO hu!JmOuhnjlg ubluf tnw- l.twfl OwL. 4'Jntuwqllbgw~wu hfltJmOwl(lntumpJWO WJL mbuwlj-
tnwpwlt- tnwtnpwlt, opnpwfi- oppwfi, pphnpl]wfi- ppnpfJwli L. WJLU: £ibp, npnOgjlg hwtn4WlJ.II:iU tnwnwot.two t WJUlJ.II:iu 4n!Qw6 dnqnQflllW·
ll} tppbllu ~.nbqjl t mul:iOmll l:in4m 4~g h£i!Jnt00bfijl lljlwgmll, Ljw£i u~.nmqwpwOmpJwllp hOumuwl(lntunLPJnLU[!, nno. ~O!UII:iu OLtw-
ll£i11J.tbu' UUfWliwlibt - UUfWOb[, ul:lutmhwqwfi ub¢wqwfi, wptnw- tnbt t w4Wil. t11. UqWJWCi[!, w4.bL~ 2w1.n LbqQjlO lJ.IW(ltnWilllQntll t tun-
umfip- wpgmfip L. wnO: unl'l.P 4nqlljlg, llllWOI? Lbqt.lw4wfl npn2wljjl hnq !ntObO, l:ipp tununq[!
b) UwljwQ llhlllt?l:innul pwno qn4t.tmll t bn4m 4wll wt.tl:iLP t.tw04b- llW ~wtnwpmll t qjl~nmpjwllp ~wll wtiqjltnntpJwllp: UJu llhlllt?ntll pw·
11PQ. jl£i1lJ.Ibu' 6np6npwq- dndpwq, l/1DUWJWhpwtfbp- ¢buwhpwt/bp, ll[! 4PI1WilnLPJWU qnp6[!0pwgmlll:iflpw(ll!Qmll t ptlwu~nWjjlCI tuwllpm-
dbqt/wfim;- dbrzntJ2 L. wnO: lljl, L. tnbqp t m£ib0nul pwnjl ~jlnwnmpJw£i nLnptnp Obqwgmll: UJu-
7DomDObpj7 hUJI/IIJm4 II /inpmu111: =twt.tbtmllo h£i!)m0wijm- lJ.II:iu' Wf1fJnt{j f!Wil[! ltwqllQWO t Wf1fJ(dl.r) wpllwtnpg I.a. -n.tq Qb!12WOW0-
tuw4w0 WJO llnnqmpJmOO t, l:inp uqmllpg ljwll 4nc5w~.nmlljlg lJ.IWhlJ.IW· gpg, pWJQ hw6wtu Q(lQntll L. wn~nwuwOt.tmll t hwppmlt CIL.nll' 4WlJ.Ib·
Obtm hwtlwn pwnjlllb2 unn Qw04 t wQl:itwOmll: Lnll hwpp, hwppbf pwowCIL.bpjl hbtn, npnOg hbtn jlllwutnWJPU wnm-
'll:inL.u qnwpwnmll lljlwQwOLj pwnl:injl wOgJWL 4w~.nwpJWLP hpll~ llnll "! tl~ 4Wlll !ntfljl: tf'lwpqwlJ.IbU dnqnQpllw4wO utnmqwpwOmp·
EPQ ljwqllt.lwo d'wllwuwljOI:injl u4qpjlg wt.tl:itwlimll tn b t.wJOwt.tnno. JWLlp Wf1fJnt/j0[ - d/.r tnW[ pWil[! 4WlJ.InLil l:i(i hwppO[, hwpptJgfiD[ tJL.I:i-
jl£i!lJ.Ibu· hwtn(qtnpbg) - bhwtn, qf1tn(qtnwt/) - bqf1tn, wpq(qgbg) - pjl hb~.n, nno L. utuwt 4ttnwnmpJmti t:
lwpq, tnnt(tnt//1)- btnm L. wn£i: Ul:i~ WJL ·~l:ilJ.Ignullll:ilJ.It?ntll tfwpqwpbltbt (tfwplttJ pbltbt, hbrzf1liw-
flq/1 pwnwnllw~.njlO wllbtwliwtnll llbljwl.jwu hO!Jmo· dwllw0w- qwqpqb[, hbqf1liwltntpJmfio qgbt) pwno llW!ldJWL dnqnt.lnllw4w0
4w4flg hwJbnbOmll wnW2WQI:iL b(i hnqf1,;nqf1 pwnl:ip[!, h hO!JmOjl hw- utnmqwpwOmpJwllp 4wlJ.Imll l:iO tfwpp pwn~ hl:i~.n L. qnpowomll t/wp-
Qbtmllnll' wppb[- hwppb[, wlfwp- hwtfwp, npp -hnpp L. wnO: pwpbqbt aL.nt.t:
Cu~.n hwllbllw~nw4w0 t?l:inw4wOmpJw0 ~.nllJwtOI:injl' fJWI1fi, qwpfi, l.twll' mwpqbtnmd pwno. npo 02w0w4mll t ~.nwppl:ip ~l:itnmll
ubpdfi, db/10 L. Ollw(i llpwQwli4 pwnb(lntll oD. doD QW04bnO WllW2W- (~nwn+~l:itnmll), hwCSwtu qnno bO w6ntll' WJU 4wlJ.Il:iLnll tnwp/1 pwn!l hb~n:
gbt b(i hwQbLWilllnLPJWU hb!.nL.WOS?nQ' 02,QWO pwobp(j WQbtnl'lll fipwqw[nLJg pwn(! d'nqnllnllw4w0 tunut.twlJI?OI:ipmllllWfl<ll:iL t lfpw-
4pi:Sw~.nmlljlg qbp6 IJ.twhbtm hwllwn: =tO!JntOjl hwQl:iLntll t 4wtnwnt.lbL qw[ntJU - lfpwqw[ntU. tn;g qpwpwpJWU pwnp (Qwnl:ig) ptlwutn[! !hwu-
OwL. 4n4£iwt.tnn lljl zwne pwnqntpJmOOI:inmll, jlO!lJ.Il:iu' wqpwm~tlwq 4w0wLnll' d'nqnQnt(li'I.Q llWfltlpbt t ~pl:iO hwu4w0wlll' tmJu4wll tmu:
pwtn, wtlwli-jwtlwfi, ntnp-tlntnp, wtlpwrz-qwdpwq L. wn£i:
unLJ0flu4 WJUOJ'I wnwOt.pO pwnbpntll lll:inL.u lJ.IWhlJ.IW0QbL t o
h£i1Jnt0jl ljjlpwnmpJntO[!, ll£itlllbu' UWI10, fJWI1lJ, tnWUIJ, OmJOflu4' ;n-
/IIJ, ft;nptJ, hf10qtJ L. wnO:
51
50
qnnLpJWU hwllw~wlilw~tuwumpJwu· hwJbnbu~ dwJOwttnnubnr! pw-
nt'Vtuq.rntrasntu ctwGLtnLil bu bnlfnL tullp~·:
UnW2~[j tullp~ llb2 lllilCinul bO WjG 6wjuwttnnC.tnn. nnnug qrmp-
0L'l.llWqpmpJntC.[!' nn~bu LbqttwpwCiw4wC. qfunw6jnt'l.. nt'l.tJ'l.
JnLC.[! hwllw~WUlWU!uWCintll t W!1UlWUWUnLf}JWU[!, bl1lfl1n[1'l tuupp
Qf'htm 4wC.nC.C.bn~ wllpn'l.2nLf}JnLCiC. t. npnOR Ltbnwpbpmll bG pwn!:intt.
Owjuwttnnubn~ q.pnLpjnLU£! ll~z111 !t. nn hwllw~WIIlWUtuwunul t wn-
C.nwOg PW'l.W'lfl~!(jbl'ltJ nt Ltb112W~npntpjnt0Cibfl~ !Wg ~wll WC.2WII1
II1WUW0nLpjWO[!:
qrLtbtmCi, llb6w~nwnbntJ m lflnsmwlllwnbntJ q.nn6wanL~wC.n, Uln'l.w-
. u, /1, m. OwJC.wttnnC.tnn pwop pntnn 'lPI1PbnnLil qnttmll bO WJO-
'lWI10tJC., tJO!~bu OwL. l.fblllW'll'lnLPJWU£!:
~bu, tJC.!~bU W!1111WUWU~nLil bQ:
0L'l.'l.WqnwlfwCi lfwunuubp[! OL.w~bn~Ltmll bC. ~wn tbqtttJ hC.tmJ- t. o OwJC.wttnnC.tnG wnlilwhwJIIlLtmll bC. bnlfm (fL. b, o L. n) 111wnntt.
pwJ~C. hwllwlfwpqll L. nnnzw4~ ctwllwGwlf~ hwllwn [!GilhwC.mn oC.-
tJulf udwjC.wttnn[! ll~ ZW11.P 'lb~pbnmll pbL. LUttnul, pwjg !P q.nttnul:
IlntGbtntpJnLG qmubtnLt' UlW['lli1W'lPI1 bC. qwnC.nul pntnnr hwllw11: t OwjC.w~nfl[! t WI1111WUwGLtbt~u t-ntt t qn~mll pwnwulfqpntll'
0L'l.'l.Wqf1nLpjnLC.[! ttJCimll t hC.!nLJPWJ~G. 01,.wpw0wlfw0 L. ~WII1- fwq, !dwO, !p, !ntpjntU L. WJtG. pW'l.W'l[1JWL pwnbntJ lltJQntll l.fwll Ltbn-
IlwwttwC.Ilw~wG6: 2nul, bnp Pll11L. hwllw~w111wutuwu pw'l.W'll'lP!tJ ulfq~C.whC.!JmC. t qnn-
=iUtlU.JPWJtJO nl'l.I'\WQl1nLPJnLC.£! ~wjllwOwLtn11$JO t qnmpjwG L. owottmll. ~G!~bu' wnlp, bJLlp, !Jnrztrmgp, hO!wpwu, /10/L.l, n{1L.!,
JWtdwU hmiJwulwlllwutuwC.mpjwllp: UJu~f:iu' ll~G!L. 1922 pLtw~wC.n uw0{1l L. WJL 0, tJO!~bu CiwL. uwhllwCiwlfwCi b'l.wCiwlf~ Obnlfw ctwllw-
dwow, ll71JJU, pwhwuw, b[lb/;n i.J w-nl/, n-ntt Ltbn2wgn11. hwllw11Jw pntnJ1 Gwlfr bqwlf~ ptttJ bnnnn'l 'lbllJ!~ L. wugJWL ctwllwCiw~tJ P"L"I'l 'lbllpbntJ
pwnbno q:naJ.mll tru tntt (ownwj, Ulf]Wj, b[1bqnjl,. WJLG), PWJQ 9WC.tJ nn pb' 'll'lwlfwCi, pb' dtu111w4wC. pntnn OL.bnmll. tJG!~bu' /, t/1. l/1{1, /f1,
WJ'l zn2wOmll wnflbO Ltb112tJO tC. 1t11 hO!Ltmll, wJC. qnmpJmOtJg hwOLtbg, !/ION, /flp, f/1~ J/, !l/1, Jf/lf1, lff1, tl/IOp, llflp, !l/10:
L. 'll'lWC.nq tJulf ~I.UIIlilW4WC. nl'l.'l.Wql'lnLPJnLO{! Ltbnw6Ltbg hC.!ntJpWjtJO~: UCiwgw6 pntnn qb~J!bnmll t wnmwuwGLtbttJu qnttmll t b-ntt.
~L.wpwOwlfw(j nL'l.'l.WCWnLpjwC. 'lb~9ntll nnut huumO WJL 'lPI1· tJ(j!~bu' hw0f)bU, WUbJ, t/[lbd, llflpO[Ib, lfwub L. WJtC.: ,
pbpmll, ftUtUfbU q hO!LttJ, ~wh~w(inLil t tJI1 ul.fqpC.w(fwu qnmpjntO(!. · 0 OwJCiwLtnnn o wnlilwuwCiLtbttJu o-m( t q11Ltmll pwnwu4qpmll o-
of'ltuwq.· tlUJf14 pum~ Ltb112tJO q-C. hO!IJ.mll t OwJiib'l. q,. uwlfwJC. OwL. qnu.n, opbwu, o{1nf7bf, omw{1wqwuL. WJLU, PW'l.W'li1JWL pwnbr~ llpQmll,
tlwf7q pwupg 4wqll~wo llw{lqwqbm/10 p.umr llb! Wlfl q-!i hO!aJ.nul t bflp hwllw~wlllwutuwG PW'l.W'll'ltJlP ulfqpC.whOumO t qnn6w6Ltmll,
2C.!I:i'l. tunLt p, PWJQ qnmpjw(j llb2 WJ'l q-0 ~wh~wGLtnlll t. nnnaJ.hbUlL. ~O!tqbu' WUOf1bU, Wf.J/0{1/10/1, W00f7JW, OwjuO[Inp, hoqnu.n L. wnO:
ilW{1Q P.WDtJ llae WJO 4 t: o ow1owttnnn o WfllilUJuwuLtbttJu n-n~ t q.nttnLil llur..ugw6 pntnn
'TlwUlllwwLtwfi'lwlfwC. nLrt'l.Wql'lnLPJnLC.[! h~ll(iqmll t ~wlllllw~wO 'lb~J!brmll' pwnwlltJ2nLil L. pwnwttbnptull, on~uwlf' wqnu, JflfJflf71J,
W!iQJWL~ QIJIU.f}JWii iJ.!1W, Wjup(i_p(j' Ql1nLll b(i WJC.~bLI, tJO!~bu qnbt t qnhwq, tlb0w{1qn, b{1bqn, pbpbwpw{1n L. wnu:
ll. Uw2U1ngli ~11 c1wllwC.w~tJC.: UJu 'll:i~9mll wn'lb(j pwgwnOw~w~bu Pwnwulfqpmll o tuLtn'l. o-0, [!UIIl OwtuuwlfwC. qnmpJwG, n-ntt t
G~wlllp !bli wnCiLtntll hC.!nLJPWJ~C. I,. qnwJtJu hwl.fwumpJnLC.O m wC.hw- q.nLI.nLil ll~wJG ml L. 'll'lwC.pg 4wqllLtw6 nt/pbf7, nt/M, nt/L/1gb pwnb-
llw~wlilwutuwGmpJmlin: UJu~bu' n hC.!JntO(! pwnwuljqpmll hG!l(mll nmll: fl(::::tjo} hCi!JmOwlfw~wlfgnLpJnLO[! pwnwulfqpmll qnttnLil t n-ntt.
t t/11, tJu~ ntj pwnp u~qpnLil wJCi hli!IJ.mll t o: l:!ulll hG!nLJPWJ~Ci mqqw- , ~G!~bu' nq/7. nJnf7bJ, nfubf7/1ll, nrzpntJU, flj/10j, n{1nlw/;/1, nuqwO, fl{1-
qnnL~Jwfi' nlfn ~blllf! t QflLtbn otj. pwJg 9wC.~ nn Uwzumg~ ctwllwOwlf Uflf7f7. L. wnu: .
L. C.nwfiflg hbllln WJ'l pwn[! q.nbL bQ nl/, mutlltJ L. tqWbtqWQIJ.bt t pwnp tin q.nmpJntU[! ~wh~wlh.(mll t PW'l.W'lflJWL pwobpnul
WJ'l ALI\1\WqnmpJmQn: {!W{1d{1Wt/n[l.n, tlb{1dt/n/QJWU, gWOf7Wt/fl[U1 i.J Wj[U:
~UIJDUJt/n(lfib(l/1 nLIJ.IJ.UIQflnL/}jnLOf!. Cu111 Wf1tnwuwlinLpJwC. L. 1! OwjOwttnnn ~pnL. pntJL hu!JnLU lltJ zwnp 'lb~pbnmll tuLtmll U.
qnttmll t, lltJ zwnp 'lb~J!bnmll tuLtmll., pwJg !~ q.nttmll:
6 St(u S.whnL4JWU Q.l.& Olp., ~W)ng ltiqm, b., 1980!'1., tp 170:
'Sb'u UL. Uwpqwp 1wu, dwllwuw4wl.jjlg hwJng Lbqm. t., 1997~ .• t2 189:
52 53
u (bu u
~nL flbl4_gmll tL llb4 111u.mn4· /, -n4 t qllllmll, ~O!L4bu Oll~(jw~·
D Wllll1Wuw(j4bt~u p-n4 t qll4mll pwnwu~qpmll' untinllWPWil tlflg, uw), wnuUJmf1, pbf1uu, !iwu, pbu, wJt uwff, n{lut. /lfiiu/Jgb, bflpubl;,
li-~g, 1]-~Q WI1W2, ~(j!L4bu' otJpnuUJ, Otipn/ib[, 0UfJhWUnLf1, OU/;qtlt/b[, litMP L. wn(j:
OfJdW[/1, or;dwl;w/i L. WJL(j, PW'l.WI'}.IlJWL pwllbll~ ll~2nlll, bllP ~PilL. JLn4 4bi12WQn'1 u~qpGwpw'l.Willl~!n4 lr. w hnllw4wl4nt.l m -t/n{l
PW'l.Willl~l~ u~qp(jwh(j!Jm!i t qnll6w64mll, Oll~(jw~· qn{ltfo!i/;11{1, 4bll2w6w0gn4 ~wqtl4w6 pwnbllmll, ubllbtn4 /1-w-tfh(j!Jm(jw~WL4W~
/UnfO!iiJnUI, /l!i.R!iOUUJ/I!i.RJW/i, hjnLfiO!i/;w[, l;o!il;!i/J, lOUIJnL/ibu, 100/;0/1, gmpJm(j~g. ttl t Wll111Wuw04mll L. llb~ 111wnn4· 1,-ntl t qll4mll, ~0!
Onf1oliaw L. wn(j: ~t;u· hnqunf1 (hnqj1+w+t/nf1), /;wf1unf1, wtunf1, mqunf1 L. WJL(j:
£1-(j Wllll1Wuw(j4mll, PWJQ !~ qll4mll pwnwu~qpmll llwj(iw4nll~(j "uLjqp0wh0Hm0n4 Wllllw111wljwO pumbll~9 ~wqll4nq PWilflnLP-
(jwf'unlll'}.n'l. qp, QQ, 211/, Up, UQ, Ull/, UUI, UR hG!jm(jw~WL4W~gnLpjm£i JnLO(jbllmll "l pb /,, WJL ITt/ t qll4mll, ~O!~bu' hnqbt/Wfi.R (hn-
(jt;ll~9 WI1W5!, ~(j!L4bu' qpnu!ib[, qqn/i, QQWUUI, 2Ll/Wf1/i[, 2VIWU{, q/J+w+t/Wfi.LJ), ftwf1bt/bp (l;wp/J+w+i/lifl), UJWf1Ut/lipp, Qliflbt/wpbf, nu-
UPWt/lt/b[, U/;Ub[, UU{WUb[, UUIUJUW[, U.LJWUfWUW[, upn,?litll WJL(j, f1(j!- l;bt/wn, PWflbt/WJb[nLi L. wn(j:
L4bU (jwL. pwnwll~2mll, bllP ~PilL. qw'1111(jw4w(j~~ llwJ(jw4nll t qnll- Ub6WU1Wilbll~ 11bl49nLil bllljwll14mll L. bll~nL · b+tl U1Wilblln4 t
6w64mll, ~(j!1.4bu' Qfl/11, pd/1;/;, q!iqwl;, Q{lqnbt, qdOqwl;, pOObf,
WllUlwhwJI114mll, ~(j!1.4bu' l:i4Pn"lU, Ul:i4Uu (UL.w(j), l:i4(b4) L. wnO:
p!ip;n{lb!i, jutlpwq/1{1 L. WJL(j 8 :
l:ill~nL U1Wan4 t Wllll1wuw(j4mll OwL. 111n'l.WilWilll~ dwllwOw~. ~(j!
9 ~~uwllwJ(j[! hwtSwtu qnll6 t w64mll bll~m llwJ(jw4nll(jt;ll~ ll~2L. ~t;u' b{lb-t/w/;wjbf, UJb{lb-t/wpwt/1, pbpb-t/mpjmO, /;w{lb-t/n{l L. WJL(j:
nlll4DU llwj(jW~WL4 L. WllUlWuw(jt;L~U un4nllWPWil qll4mll t w-~g L.
n(o).pg hb111n, ~(j!1.4bu' /iwjb[, hWJWU.LJ, hwfbfl/1, hnJW/jUJUf, /UnjwOwf,
;nJw/ip, /UWfJWJ/1, utwhwtfnJ/1, utnfJnVIWJ/Ig, 4w{1nJ/1, PfnLflnJ/1 L. WJL(j:
9 llwj(jw~WL4[! Wll111wuw(j4mll, pwJg !~ qll4mll b(f}~g. nl-~g. p.~g
Lbq4~ qwllqwgllwO 111WilPI:ill !flmtbllmll nllnzw~f1 UlWilPI:illnLP-
hb111n, ~(j!1.4bu' fwl;w!i, qn{ltfm!ibmpjm/i, tl/1pof1bwl;w0, tl/Jw/;,
JnLDDbll t;(j O~wU14bL (jwL. PW'l.wllwJUW~w(j hwllw~wllqnul wnw(j(l~(j
tl/JnLpjnLU, [/JWUW[, (jwL.. Q{lb/1, Q{lb/J!ip, U/1{111/1{1, U/1{1b/J0p, d/lnt/, t/b-
hDvm(j(jt;ll~ qllnLPJW(j L. Wllll1wuwOmpJw(j lltJ2L.: UJu~bu' p llwJ(jb'l.
{IW{I/;m/1, pbl;!iwtfm/Jg L. WJL(j:
PW'l.WllwJ(j[! f1llwJ(jnllll~9 hbUln tu4mll t t/1. PWJQ qll4mll t p, ~(j!1.4bu'
l;(f) llwJ(jw4nll~9 hb111n J t qll4mll ll~wJ(j flllw(jn4 4bll2WQn'1 Wll-
llwll1w~w(j pwnbll~ flbl49nLil, ~(j!1.4bu' pbf, pbfwf1w/i, pbJwjunUJ. UOq- bflp, Omflp, Uf1Pbf, IJWflp/10 L. WJLO, pwgwnmpJwllp ll~ _gw(j~ pwnbll~.
flbf- U/ifJflbJ/1, utfbpbf- £41[/ipbjw/;w/i: nlllllb'l. LU4mll L. qll4mll t t/1, ~O!L4bu' W{lt/1/1, b{lt/10, UIW{1t/1WU.LJ,
9 llwj(jnllll hGHm(j(j wn~wJw(jmll t (jwL. bti(=Jbt/) h(j!Jm(jw~w pwflt/1, t/1{1t/1nLf1, U{lt/1/IW{I: ~wJ0w4nll~9 ~wll t1 llwJDnllll~9 hb111n
L4W~gmpJw(j llb2, WJ(j [!(jl'}.hW(jllWL4bU WllU1WhWJU14nLil t !fln91lWU1W- LU4n'l. t/1 hU!Jm(j(l hbU1L.JWL pwnbllmll qll4mll t p U1Wiln4. juwpbf, ;w-
Iln4' /, (jzw(jwqlln4. nll(j wnw2 t b~bL l'}.bnL.u ll~20WflWilmll b+L(=u) pwp, hwflpbf, hwtlpbflb[, hwtlpmf1bf, =fwl;np, ~u~ ll(jwgw6 flbl4-
ll~wgmpJwllp L. u111w(jwln4 ll~ qllwCizw(j~ (111wn~) ~llw4m(j_g' dwllw- _gbllmll LU4n'l. 1/7 hO!Jm(jo qll4mll t 1/7 111Wiln4. wt/1, ;wtlt/1mf1, t/1wtl-
(jw~w~~g qllw~w(j Lbq4mll qnll6w64mll t nllnzw~~ nL'l.'l.Wqllw~w(j t/1m;UJ, lfwtlt/1nf11J, t/1wt/1wq, t/lwt/1/;wumO: P h(j!Jm(j[! LU4mll t 1/7,
~w(jn(j(jt;lln4: UJU h(j!JnLIJ[! !m(j~ ~ll llb6w111wnn L. hwll~ b'l.w6 l)bl.4- PWJQ qll4mll t p (jwL. q.pg hb111n ll~ 2Wil9 pwnbllmll, ~(j!1.4bu' wqp,
9nLil qll4mll t bll~nL ll1Wiln4' ttl, ~u~ WJL flbl49bllmll' tlt;~· [, 111wnn4 nqp, nqpwf L. wn(j:
~(j!l4bu' Gt/{lnU{UJ, l;tfqb!i/lw, bt/{lnU{Wg/1, u, uu, [,lip L. wn(j: • q pw'l.wllwJ(j[! ll~ 2Wil9 llbl49bllmll pwnwll~2mll m pwnw4bll-
Pwnwll~2mll L. pwnwu~qpmll Wllll1wuw(j4mll t tt/ L. llb6 llw- 2nLil qll4mll t Q, pwJg WllU1Wuw(j4mll t p, (jwtu· f1llWJ0nllll~9 hb111n,
uwllp qll4mll t llt;~· [, ll1Wiln4' hwf1/,w/i, Gf1/,w0, bf1/,Wf, opl,wfi, ~(j!l4bu'Gf1Q, tl/Jf1Q, /;Wf1Q, Uw{lq/Ju, U{Wf1Qu L. WJLU, OwL.' llwJ(jw4nll~9
pwf1bb[, 1;/Jql,, w/idf1/,, U{Wf1Q/,, /ibflp/, L. WJL(j. [, 2W'l.~WL4~ L. llllW(j~g hbUln ~wll llwJ(jw4nll0bll~ ll~2L.. ~(j!1.4bu' pwqwt/n{l. hwqmuUJ, oqmUJ,
~wqll4w6 PW'l.WilllJWL pwnbllmll flit/ ~wll ttl t Wllll1Wuw(j4mll L. bll- oqOwl;w!i, dwq, tlmq, /;w{lwq L. wnu: u~w111bl~ t (jwL., nil 2w111 pwnb-
8
Sb'u UL. Uwl'lqWI'lJW!i, li21J. W2fu., t2 198-199: 55
54
pnul p-pg hbum Luttnul u qp4nul t 8. pfig1.1bu' wppw, pwpp, piipp,
[nLflp, ul.I11If7p, wlJmpp, qwqp: Up 2WJ1P pwabp.nul LuLtmi! I.. QI'ILI.nul t f
IJ/1fif!, qnpp h wnfi: PJ!f1U ~w(in(i, (j llwjfinpflpg hbum q-fi LU4nul u
f)UJfllflU, }Wfllft, c/1Wf7f.'
Qr'~nuJ t q., pCi!L1-1bu' hpwhwuq, flr;mOq, qwOq, qwliq., ljtnwliq, IIpwliq.
pwgwnmpJmfi t ~wqtlnul wliqwdpwan, npfi wptnwuwfi4mtl t UJliJ}wtl:
osuruf!qp PuntrP n~'l.'l.UQrmrasn~uc 9
fJ. ilwjfib'l. J!WI'\Wf.IWJU[! tlp 2WJ1Q flbtqQbpnLtl pwnwlltJ2nLtl u J!W-
nw4bJ12ntll qp4mtl t IJ., pwJg wptnwuwfittmll t p, pfig.4bu' p l.lwjfinp- UCiqtbpbfimtl. :JipwfiubpbCinul, qbl'lllwubpbunul PW'l.WllWJCipu fiw·
llPQ hbtnn • ljUJflfiLU/, IIpqnul, n{lfl/1, Wf71JWf7, 1Jf11JIIL, qwpq, tlwpq, funpllR'l. 'lPJ1Qbpnul u-(i qr:lmtl f JnL. ~Jmqn, l!Jntlf1n0, l!Jm 3npp, pu~
opftnpq, dwfunpq, /unflhnLfiiJ, pnLflfll.t wnu: :Jipwuu. su, qb11ll. o fimJu 'lPfl.:'bflmll_qpLtmll t Jn. CJ;npb, 3nd1Ilil;: Pw-
=tw~wnwlj upwfi' ll~ tunuJp, hwtn~w~bu qpw~wfi 1Swfiwutwptrn4
awllppnul ;b-u LnWilWilWJ1ll4.nul t Jb. opJII/;1.11, umpfbftw:
01.11wpwqqp L(,b) LnWr:tWilWJ1ll4.mll t 1 tnwnm.J.. trii'lWJ, utnf11.11./JIIf,
t.flntuwn4.w6 pwnbpmll p-pg hbLnn 1J -fi q.pLtmll u hfitLI.nul t IJ., tJfitl4bu'
pnJlb/71;. wu.fJw!U7 {jnLfll1nLf7W, llpwduHlwOw~ ~Whll.jWCiLI.mll t OwL
wrfmpq, t.Uflfl/1, qiipqwuwwli, pwf11Jft, jun{lf]IIlift, hwqnLflfl, hnpqnp,
humll [!UflmCi4.w6 ot; zwpe pwnbpp rz-n4. qpmpJmurf I'TJnqnu, l.Jftl;nqnu:
lfwftwp!Jwft u wnu:
ja, je, jr:, jo I~ ue, IO, e) ~wutw~gmpJmuubpn Lnwnwflwplu.J.m~
fJ. PWI\WiiWJU[! q.p4nttl t !J, J!WJQ WJ1LnWuwfi4mll t fJ tl~ 2WJ1Q pw-
bu }UJ, b, JnL, ;n, pfit1.4tiu' 3w.fJw, {!JUJQ, ppftuw01.11, 111f7UJUULJWgftw,
abpmll llwjfiwLI.nppg hbmn ~wll llwJfiwLI.npfibpp lltJ2u. tMi!l4bu fiwu fi
tlUJjf1{1, jllf], I.J.!I.Uf1W2Jnlll1, WlJf1lllj10, pjntpn: ia, ie, iu, i.' ~WL4W~QnLJ}·
ilwJfinplltJQ hbmn, tJfi11.4bu' Of/, ftiiliqwlift, fiLUf/UJfl, fulifJftfl, ftiili!Jwuft,
JnLUUbJ1[! LnW11WilWJ104.mtl b(j' flLU, ftii, ftm, ftn, p(ii1.41:iU' tlLUJWflflW,
oliqwdliOfJ, 1Jlif]ntliiiL l.t wnfi: PwJg llp 2WJ1Q pwnbpnul f1 llwJUnJ11lP9
utftiiu, !IItlutftnli, Lmftqw:
hbum Q.Jl4.nu1 u wptn.wuwliLI.mll t p, pfigqbu' qljUJfJP, tllflplllli, pwppii[,
Otnwpwqqp ia-li. nmubpb(ip UR, R wuzbztn 4bppwLtnpmpJwllp
1nLAA ftlllflfJ, ft/wJ, ~II/. l/lPI/Ibpp, uuuz~. J!/i1lfJIJt 14 W)li: wuMiw(im(i(ib!'lmtl 111UJilWilWJ10l{mll t jUJ, liUjW, UliUJlfW, '-lnfl1f]JW,
:J(d) PW'l.WiiWJflD tlp fumllf! pwnbpru.ll p dwJUoPiltlQ tlbwt q.~ll O:PIIuw. pu~ Ulb'l.UlumfifibpnLu· ftw. Uuftw, UOq[ftw, .!bpwOuftw, QIJ{J-
t d, pWJQ WJ1LnWUWfi4.mll g, tJU!tqbu' UJfldLU{jnLflf], UJfldLUli, f]LU{1d- tlwliftw, zb2LnW~p(1 UR...fJ. wu0(iw(im(i(ibpmtl U1W11WilWJ1ll4.mll t ftw'
ljLUfiJ}, pwpdpwliUJf, t/II{IUJf)UJfld, tfmpdiiJ, jumpd l.t wnfi: UJu~ l wp- Lftw, Uwpftw u WJtfi:
mwuwfi4ntll fiwu "r'"Z pwnbpnul 'l"PQ hbmn • qwrzd, fJIIrzd, pwfJ6UJ{jp, Vo hu!JrLUW~WL4W~gmpJnLu[! (nmub11bunul oo) pwawu~qpm~
lfi}UJhiiqd, tJfi!utbU UWU D-pg hbUln hWU14W1.4bU Od pWnmtl U UJ1WU~Q wptnwhWJlllLI.mll t 1/JHLI.. pU[L4bu· '-lnJli1IIf7, '-lnfqw, '-lnJU7, '-lnJIIJpnf:
4wqll4w6 PWr'flnLpJmfifibpnLil' odwutumLJII1, odwqLUfUJfl, oowdmft, Pwawllppnul 1.& pwnwt!bppmll ~p~Ow~ p-u WJ1111WhWJlll4mtl t n-n4.
odw;ftli 1.t WJLU, lltJU!flbll p-pg hbmn qpw~wfi 6wfiwl4WJ1hn4. ¢ntuwn- tJOt1.4bu' 1.111Innp, Uwn. pu~ amubpbOpg nL'l'l.W4P ¢nfuwa4.wcr pw-
4.w6 pwnbpmtl ~fi llfimtl t fintJfin. tJfi!l4bu' wliwdiipd, hwli!JIIfld, diip- abpnul II u /1 llwJOW4npfibppu (iwfunpfln'l llPJ1QD(lmll o-(i wpLnw-
dwljftg, mqiipd, odft~, UJli1UJf/d u wnfi: Uju pnlnJlnLI. hwfiflbflll ~wfi hwJLnLI.nul t p-n4.' li11If7ft1.11npftw:
flbUWI:iJ1, np g J!Wrtw6wJfi[! ph q pWflwllwJfifibppg tlbtnn q.rut,mtl 1.t wp- Otnw11wqqp ~p~(iw~ J!W'l.WllWJUfib!'IO hwJbflb(imtl unLI.npwpUJ~
Lnwull.lfrlinLil t g, ~fi!utbu" wpgmfiJ}, UJU/UJPLUflg, !Jlipii{Iglif, Gpgwfu, W('ILnWhWJLnLI.nul b(i llb~ J!W'l.W0WJUn4, pU[utbu' /;twuftft, {jntlm0j1UIJJ,
J}LUf]g, J}wqgp, I.I.{UJjumpg, RLUrzgftiiq, ll1{1gwft u WJLU: 1/fl/UJfl, wftnp!J, /;nJIIftll1/1t/. WI.J.!Wf7Wll1, utUJuftt/, npnz pwgwnmpJnLuub-
!'lnLI.' tlwuuw, t/ftuw, pu~ otnwpwqqp ~(j hwJb!'lb(j W!1LnWhWJll14.mll t
S ilwJfibll J!W'l.WiiWJfi[! q.pLI.mll t p, wptnwuwfi4mtlJ npnz pwnb-
h Lnwnn4.' hiiqiidnuftw, h/11J{1f1Jf1Q, hiippwpftn l.l wnu:
rmLil iiWJfiwLI.nppg hbllln· wp, wnwp, tliip, 11/fpflg, tlftpwm, qftpiiJ, ftp-
01Jlwpwqqp c~(i LnUJI1WilW!104mtl t R, pu~ up QWCip pwnb,md"
liiif, dftpwft u WJLU, f1 llwJlini"Jl~Q hbllln, tJfitutbu' LU(Tp, t/lipp, fJppiiJ,
fu, PU!l4bu' JJfttlftqntJ, D/f1{1, /}pntl, J!WJQ u· JunJII{1LU, ujuiitlw, tlii/uw·
nqp, n11n2 llbl4Qb!1mtl Ciwu 11-f'IQ hbmn' •lfY/111. flf]pnLjfi, pu~ 411W4wfi
liftqtl u WJLU, pu~ ~(j· p-n4.. tJOtl4bu' pw1.11pnli, wlipnJnqftw, tupii1.11/J·
6w!MiutwJ1hn4. npnz lflntuw~1NJobprutl ,..0 llOmll t wfllf!mtmtu·
Sti'u U. Ump~wutw{i. dwllwGw~wij~g hwJng [l:iqm, t., 2000p., t2 BB:
9
56
t;w. tlwpb-tlwm/1/;w, fr3linfJ.nf1 L. wnu: P~fi li1WI1WflLU!l~L!nul t -' li1W-
nnij. :t;nunqpw,JJ, .jJnlin[nqftw. ~u4 h~O tJ'lntuwllmpJmOObr.nur t/1, ~u~
"lblllnLpJmOObp~ (Ujbll1mpJm0, wll~!lWJnLpJmu, pwqwL!nnm~
!.l..!tw · i/l,h[/1un¢w, (/Jftlftlllnu L. WJl 0:
JnLU, 4WJUflnL~Jmfi, f\JwumpjnLU, llbt~i?nL~JnLU L. WJLU) UjWU10U.tljtU(E
flmubpb[j~ Xif, IJ.Iif, UJif, IJif U1WI1W4Wl4W4QnL~JnLUU0!1[! hUUjbpb- wum00bpnulllb0wl.l1uun t qpLtmll pWflW'lflJWL wGLtwG ll~wJ£i u.H1w 2 ~u
fimO lflntuwp~Ottnul bu· dn, 21n. ;n, Jn, ~U!Ujbu' /vf1nL2Jnl/, L/1/uWJni/, PWflWflll~fl! (U1b'u ~fllilbrtmll):
Slifblml f}/1{1/1dnp L. WJ[U, ~u4 be-G' /Tb 4Wl4W4gmpjuullp, ~U1_Ujbu'
P. Pn[nfl PW!JWfJfiJW[ WJii wlitJOwlimfiObpnuJ u tlwljwlimiJ.-
<l.ftbmliwtl, lllf1liilftlif1, lllf1liilftlipw, !JliL/1lilflnli, Un[/Tlif1, pwgwllnLf)JnLU Ii/ipmtl m 6w6ljwlim0fibpnuJ, npnfig tllip •
tO 4wqllnul opjlif;lfl, umpJli/;lfl pw11bp[!:
w) pntnfl PWflW'lll~!ObpO WllWU~~O-wllwO~~O hwll1m4 wumu
UpL.buwfi tbqmubp~g hwJbpbfi~O wugwo npnz wuttwumllubp
b0. o fl~O w4 • U[lipuw0fJ.f1 Ulipqli!Jftl 'lJnllljftfi. U[bpuwfifJ.f1 Uwlil/Jwli/1
1.!1WilWI).W!10L!mll b[j (!UU1 1110flW4uu0 W(1U1WUWUnLpJWU, ~U!Ujbu' liJ!ih-
liJunuJwfi (U/;ulif Pwqmfig}, b!Jftlli Upqwpft UnqmlnliJUJO (blJftlli !Jw-
{IWii, '7wqljftli, Uhilwf]., '7mpwli. t!/Jlilif]./1 L. wnu:
plilig), lunuli flwm[ YWUfUJp[wfiljw, l.tftd flp Ulili, 7n Cft Uftli, Uwn
Bqlif].m{i, Ubt/11!-~WqnpjwO 7wqnp Ulifftp-U/1f1QWJ/1 (f1UJ.,.,ft), u/1/;n-
Ut~USUilti"J"I qni"CUCn~raann,~ PU'lU'li"SUL [WJ Ulif].pliLftl flfttluqft-l.tnpuwljnt/, :inpp unb[ Qnpf].nO PUJjflnli, WJU-
1usm4 ut.mt.t.tl"mli UjbU fiwL.. Qwilwn-PwpftiJIW, uwp-'7nu, Uwjwp-unljw L. WJLU.
u4wll1~ UUilUbtnLI. pWflW'lflJWL hwlllnL4 uu[im[i[ibp~ llb2 llb6UUU1UU- p) LflWQJWL[! hwlilm4 wum[j t. ~u4 LllWQnLO(! (OLutuwllWU ~b hb-
nl:ip~ qnp6w6mpJUUU wulltJoptJOw4mpjmO!i m uwhlluuuttwO 4w0n00b- li1WilUUU)' llw4w0mfi. op~fiw4· U2ntn bpl;wp, Upw Qlil}ligftlj, QwJnu
rl1 uu[ihbli1L.nrtw4w0 !j~flWilnLf)JnLU[!, ~fi1_UjbU OwL. pUUflWflllJWL wfimu- Ulil;mlif].nu, '7wifftp Ulihw!]p, flljwO Uhlil}, Ufuftpwp Ull/Wf1Wll/lilf1,
[ibp~ m wulf.wumllutifl~ wl{bLwgllwO hbU1L.w09nLI. upwug qpmpJwO '1Jliwpnu Unwpftli, '1Jfft0ftnu Utfwq, :inpp Pm2 4ptnulip, Uwhwq
mumgllwfi L. li1UjWt+flW4wO qnp6mll uLnbrtOLI.uuO fldl{uupmpJmOObpr:!' '1JwpplJ, SftqpwO Ulio, UOwliftw Cftpw/;wgft, ulipuliu U2U1Wf1W/;ligft,
t.J.b!12~00bpu hwrtpwhwpbtm L. tlb6wli1Wilbfl~ qpm~JUUU llb2 ll~wu Unqnilnli flilwutnmO, 7WJ/; uwhWIJIOUI, UUJUUjbU OwL.. Unjmowd!J
OmJ)JnLU hwulllwLnbtm Ul4Wll1w4nl! =11 4q1_, tbq4~ UjbLnw4wfi Lnbu- Uhlip, QwJL <../whwli, ~wfunpfJ. (/Jwfinu, ~lilinif Ohwli. UWJf1 talipliqw
!nL~JnLU(! uuuhllwumll t hbli1L.JWL 4wfinfiubp[!. Pwp uwqwp, UOpwO 7mnj1, U/1/;/Ttnwli Uwpn L. uunu:
1. Pn[nf1 pwnli[7fi uqubf iliiOwtnwnntf. Q. Pn[np PUJflWfJfiJWL WJO w;fuwphwqpwljwli wlimlililipnuL
U. Pntnf1 UjliU1nt.pjmlifi/ipft UfU/llllnfiwqwli PWflWIJfiJWL hwU1mq npnlig 11/ip'
wOmliObpnuJ. uu) P"L"fl PUUflUUilfl~fUbp[i UUilUUU~~O-WilWUO~[j hwlilm4 wumu bu.
Uilli{1/1/;WJ/1 UftwgjW[ uwhwliq0li[1, U[1wpwl;w0 UftwgjW[ Uil/1{1W- Ofl~Owl{ Ulift-4wilwfu, Up¢w-ULwli, Pwqp-Pw2mliftp, '7nlift flnutnnlj,
JnLPJnL0fiii{1, U!/J!]wOutnwOft flu[wilwl;wli '1Jlitnntpjnt0, Pb[wnmuft ttqwu-LnpwpftOqftw, lump-Pnliw2lili, UwJ0/1 JJpwO/;!/Jmpm, <../wO-
7Wfi[1WIJibtnntpjnLU, Q/ipilw0/1WJ/1 '7UJlliWjft/i 7W0{1Wll/lilflnL/}jnt0 Snull/, <../n[qw-'7n0L. UUJLU.
(Owful;ftlimil' Qli{1ilw0wl;w0 '7liiln/;f1wU7w/;w0 7wlif1wiJibUintpJnt0 'u p) huuuuupw4 uuum[j lflWQnlll[! OwtuWflWU t. ~u4 hwlilm4 w[im[j
Qli{1ilw0/JWJ/1 1Jlif10f1WUI/11/ 7W0[7Wll/bU7ntpjnL/i), 7WJWUi11W0/J 7w0- LflWQJWL[!' hb111wquuu. op~Ow4· UpLliuwo l:il/lf1WU1, UpLilUIJWii Pbo-
f1Wll/lilflnLfojnL0 (Owfui;/IOm il" 7wJ/;wl;wO lunf1hf1fJ.WJ/10 UngftwfftUUIW- t/10, Pwpdp ~UIJJl, 4li0UI{1n0wl;w0 U-'pftljw, 7wpwt.fwJftli Utllip/Jljw,
I;wli 7w0f1WIJililflmpJmli}, Uliu P[1fttnwOftwJft "- 7JmuftuwJ/10 fln[wO- U/io Uwu/Ju, vnp Upli2, (/Jnpf1 Uu/Jw, vlippftO fatutftli, <../lip/10 UpU1w-
fJ.ftwJ/1 UftwgjW[ tawqwtfn[1mpjm0, nmuwutnw0/1 '7w20nLpjnLO (WJU- lWU1, WJUIJ.IOU fiwL.. 7/JO ~m0UJUU1Wfi, 7/1/i ~DndL. UUJLU.
IJIOU fiw/;. nmuwuU7wO/Jivnf1hf1fJWJ/10 JJIIfJ.lif1Wtn/11/ Ungftwfftuwwl;wO q) LllWQmllu nL LflUUQJUUU:! OlilWflWLbqm, pnlnll PUUflW'lll~!Obp[!
7w0{1Wll/litnmpJnLii L lvn{1hf1fJ.WJ/10 Ungftwfftutnwl;wO 7w0f1Wll/btnm- llbOwlilwnnL! qpl!nrt (Ljbpnh~2JWL npL.t Lnbuuu4~) wumOObp bu. op~
PJnLOiilif1ft UftnLPJnL 0), Oulip-U[wOftwJft 7w0f1Wll/OU7nLpJnL li L. w Jl 0: Ouu4· Uf]./Tu Uplipw, U[ilw Upw (wjdil' U[ilwp/1), Pmlilinu UJf1bu, f>u/11;
58 4m[, luw[fu/10 Qn[, 4[1/11/nJ flnq, '7Wf1W PnfJWQ Qjnj, Uwumf!.t/10 Cr..u(l.
U/7ubflWLU/lb •In;;/; . .;'u.li.iDWJW ·7Jouwuw, l;/7dU/1 IJnf./qn{lntj, ujfll 8fi(IJl.
Uwu :b.nwuq,huvr • :,.JLG: =Jwtlmmu ptlpqw4,wGr ~pwuubflbG l.t wpwpbflbG wu4,wunulubfl[!), :Xw-
r~) Ufll~rll P :, ;,' tiiiliUGflU tL hWUlUflWlj w[mdjbfl bG, plUJ9 UJ,WJUW- pw[ Wf =iW{1/lp (S'nUJ/1lbRUIU wpwpb[lbU Wlll.jwllnulO) l.t WJlll:
liw~wu U,wli 4•nii ! cJJ~·lif1Wljwfi qnpi'ilutJmpjwUp rlwnGmd bG hwlflmlj Uw~wJO PWfl.WflflJlUL hwl1lm4 wGl{wu u~qpnul ~wd llwfuwqwu
wu1{UJu pt.l.li1U.I!]f1\· :., qp~m:J l'b6uJLnwn. op~u!IJ!{ O/lfl ilwp/Jf! {wuLn- ll~f1J;!nu1 (pb' hwJhpbtinu1, pb WJl tbqmfib[lmd) wm ljwpq.~ dbljuw-
fJW(jfiLJiiJ !,r.,-~ ·.;1/~'fili, ~hawi/nJ7 U{II.J.Ofp, 7/1/J U{II.J.tifp, U!.i!7dW£/nf1 ~wG-LflUigw~w(l pwDbflU m ~wv~w~gw~wu pum-dwuu~~ubno
U[7l.hf.P (Gii/;(1wtJtuutFJJ, 7111J~wl;wD '77Wf1 {fODUWlfJ.PW), (!{;(! U11p. (])npf1 q.rnlnu-' bll libbunnwn. on~CtuN' ftp/J tt .f;wgj1, Lw 4[1nq Uwp;m{1M
Upp {hwuwuu;htj"U rufiuiJF). LUjUlJ.ibu uUJt...· htuLnmlj wfn.J.wu 1. G(ltllU r.fb;uflb, lw '-lwtb '1Jnwb/i Cwai dwu. t/.wti q,..,q '-1/luublitn, t./.wu ?b;p
h!.U2nf1flnrl ~u!JUtlll!L~4WU qn[lOWOn! l=fJWU w(i4wfi pwn,wrwn1 pjmi.Jl.lb- Uumnuflu, O'nj1n{1f}I.LIU UtU},Pf, C7'l·{•J{ tO'uftt) Bmpjtfi, IJJJUUlbU uwll
f'lnU~ cnrOwli' U.Jl!l/lL;Wi/1 tqp;m[l {pbpw!;rzq/7), t././7b!J!)w;/7 Ufimwo (fbO w2tuwphwq.pw~wu w£inLfJ0b[lnur Lw Uwuz (Cibfl.mg), Lw '1lt wtnw
Owqu.JficpjwrJ). Pfir7bfi,i71tb/l o./.wf1Ubf7 {hwtlwuUibfi.mp;mu) L. WJLU: (PWI'\Wp), Lb 4{1bqn (~wftwp), llbu QopWf7iJ (L bnOwugp), UbO '7Jfllm
•7. =inq!J.np-w,wt.mlwu)wqmpw;/10 w;O P"lflUJfJflJUJl hwumtf/ w- (Gw4,whwuq.pulll) La wnu:
urnuiJIJpnul, nrmfig tl!Jp pnfl'if7 pwqwf}.fl/llfilipfJ wnwuCJftti-wnwDd/lfi ,wlllmlj wGOGwOt.l.wli qpwrttlmU~[!. tlwuGwqpmmpJnLU[!, ~wz
Ltwtf -KUntppP dw{ftJJ!i!JwD h!Jtn tlf;wuf;u hwUlm./t wOmu b!J. op~Gwlj · LnnU[! (pwliwul1lti11.6, 4.~~wuwu, lil.jwp~!. b[lqp~. mumg~~. bfl4flw-
Ufiqqw l!ntfl{! z,/,iJ!J. :J{Iqjwqft Um[7p Utnbt/Jwunu Z.,wfuulljqw, '1W[7W- qnp6, ~nz~w~Wfl, pwqwt.l.nfll.t wJLu) L.l1lbqwG4,w(i mbuw~[! (q.bm, tllri,
zwtlp/7 Um(lp Uutfil/li.JJunu, f!lit)-w;/lg Umf7p Uumt/w6woftD, UwuU1w- 6n4,, tbn, qwzlll, q.JnLfl., .P.WI'\Wil L. WJLU) nnnznq hjltlGwpwnl:ipo pntn!l
f1WJ/1 Um[ip =im/hudHibu, Umqum Umf7p qt.nf1Q, '-lwuf#nLf7tu/;wfift Un- PWI'\Wflfl~!GI:ip[! lll:i6wlllwnn~ q.pt.l.ni'J. hw111ml.j wumGCill[l~ hb111 q.nn-
ljwg Unt[lp Upuwu. ljwu C!wl.' Umf1p &2wu, Umf1p Umbqnuunu r.~w 6w64.ht~u q[14,nu1 bG lflnpf1Wll1Wn O[lj1Ciw~' UNtn /;{1/;wp pwqwt/nf1[J,
Juwtjt;w. Umf1p lluimfwowoftO, Umf1p =imfhwlilibu, tlmf7p QLn{lq. /u[7f/UJWU =iWJ{1/I/; qwpnqpqnu[J, 'Jb[7bfif/f/ 'Jbtlf/[7ffjWU t//1/JIWUWU[J,
Umf1p Ufi/Jwu {l/u..~up tJLiiJfJbgft): brz/12b 2wf1bUg pwuwumbqatJ, Uwf7mflpnLJ Uwf7;wu dqwf1fti!J, Uu/l-4w-
1uJJbrtu l. oiJlUJflWLhqm pwflWf111JWl l.uGl!GwumOGbrtnlll La w2· tlwfu J}UIIJ.WJ!!J, Uf7¢w-UL.wfi pf7WU7Wf7!J, IJ{1iltltn;wu /;l/1f1WLn qbUI[J,
fulurhwqrw~wu UJGmuOhpmu qnr6w6~w6 l'P2Wfl.wu La 4.hrt2Wf1.wu Ptu{1df7 =iw;p UJlfuUJf1htJ, luwtfuflu Qnt qbUitJ, ~w;qwqwu '1/wf7 Jbo-
obljGwljwG-l(lwgwljwG pwnbrtfi m pbpwl.jwGwl.jwG-4,bpwpl:ipwl.jwu OWliJ.PWO, Uba Uwuflu JbD[J, UwutnWflUIJ/1 Um(lp ~nt/hwuObu bqbqb-
Gzwuwljm!JJWG PL'JrHlwuupl.jutro (Gwtu'lllfl, hnfl, 4w~. zwrt~WL4). gflu, t./.wuf1/nLf7W/;wufl {fnqwg Umf7p {ff/DwLJ l[wUJ!lJ La wnO:
jlG~L4bU WJl LbqmGtnmd, UljOUjbU tL hwjb[lhfimu. Q.[H.[nLO bG lflnpfllU- 2. Uflw;u wnwpflu pwnu uqubt tlbdwtnwnni/ (fJf7WUg 4wqtlmtl
LnW!l. oppGwl.j' UpfJ. tt Pb{l/711. Ufi!Jpbw fJbf Uwpmn. UUf].(Wifl fJPLfW hwmmq WUnLU fftUbjnL f)bf1/JFILU UfWhf1/WUb[nt/ uwL. WjfJ wutjwu tlb-
fJnpjuu, Pnf}ml.iu q.b 4ntf1U1blib. dwufiw fJ 'Uf7/;, LbnliWf7fJn fJW t../flulft, awtnUJ11nt/ q[7mp;ntD[J).
~WflnLU Wf flwl/ltJ. U/lf7QW Ubtpmtl fuwu (1mfu/:iqi Ubf.PnD;wfi), Uftf7· U. 3)~q~~WW2fuwnhwq.pw~w(i WJil pwll,WilfiJWL hwmm~ wCimu-
qn fCJm{lumfi-qwqb, Ump/111/7 UmhwVWfJ Utlftli-funpw, untf1Wfl qf/0 Wi ObnnuJ, nnnug l1b5! LflWQJWL[!. wnwu6~(l l{bpgl[wb, hwlllnL~ wumu ~t.
=?w[wp/7, Cwn1 fJ£! Gnf, '-1/lihbttl !/Jnu =inuipnffJt.n, 0£1Wf7 tuw;wtl 'lflwu- Uqpwtlwf7 qqqfl, Uf1WJ/Itbn, U{1Wf7WU7JWU f1W2U7, Pwqw/;/1 pwf7
LJWIJ.IJ.ftu Upm-t-JJwpft flpu f>p{lwh/ltf, Upm-t-llJw, /Jf1f7/Jwli tfwu Ou- (pbf7q-wtlf1ng), Qbqwtlw tbnubf7, Lnnm hf1wpfuw;/ID pwpdf1wi/wuf1w/;,
UIWIJ.b, UmhwllbfJ. Umtb;llwO O!Jt/7 JJjlqmJ/7 (bmqntf/1). WJLIIJ.ltiu Otul· 4WUf1//lg {'-1[7/;WUW} ant/, 4nt//;wufl[ OIJUUJlfJPW, ~/IUW[ WJWU tbnUbf7,
w2tuwrhwqnwljwfJ pwf1WI1flJWt wumGObpnur U01.17/7np wn t¢f7w- ~{1wqqwufl dnf7, =i;mufluw;f/0 uwnntg}Wf ~.,t/1;/lwDnu {qwtl' Uwnmg;w[
lflwt/, IJOUI/Inpwn Swi/(lnuflt/. f>t f)£! J;,nwuu(~wmuwljwu llw[lq !b[lwO- oqqflwunu), {fbd qwtl luwqwq oi/1;/lwfinu (qwtl' !uwrzwq otjqflwunu),
u~wJmu), UbtJ t;wtllvwfJWfJ otjt;ftwunu, !..twhf7 lt Upr;bO {=in(I!JWUwfi qb- fl{1ntnwDfl tbnuwugp, "'UJf1Uflg ang, UL. ani/, UL.wuw t/ltf, SflfJWLn/1
lllp WflWpb[lbO wG4wOnul[!). n;1r1 fJG dw Ob;pn (pwqwp), Ubu '7lfrbn l! pwfutn, fltf1tlflw (4Wf1/nLUIWU) [f/ffL. WJLG:
U/JpbfnU (ljflqbfuntup), Smuw fJI:i =?wtlfJnli. Swl! ftp/J =iw!llflntu {fiJ/11 Uju 4wpq.p wztuwnhwq.pw~w(j PWfl.WI').(lJWl hwLnm~ wGm(i(ibfl[!
()() q.pwpw[lnl!l mOI:iO WJL zui(lWI').LUUnLPJnLG. npp hbllll.twuen4 hwuwpw~
61
w(im(i Ll'lWQJWLGhp~ LllGmll bG GwtuWflWU lL unq(i~.qbu qn~tnul b(i tlb- p) hjltluwn~GbpjlG, ~muw~gmpJm GGbrpil, I~11H!. ihu 4 t-. ru~m pJmfiik
6uMwnn4,. WJu t" Upnn UfJwh111w{j), 'JmnO UOmftnpw(;), llwf10 Pwf]w- llflG lL qw(iwqw(i WJL hWUlllWlllnlpjmQGbpjlG m Wi1WI'!lj W0UbfljlU (UlWfl-
l;m, rawtum SflfJWliiW(J) L: WJL(j ; pbpwGzw(i(ibl'!, ZQWU2i.uuubplL wnu) UlJll!n'l. pwflWi1f1JWl wGmGGb11'
P. 'l'lblllntpjmQ(ibp~ alWI'IIW111W!1WbQWJjl0 hjlQ u Gnp WJO wOalw- ((lfnt{1lf b. tlwOqWf]» qn{10Wf1W0, (<uW/Ifi/IU1» qnpOWfiWO, «Uqqw-
u nulfibp n u~. npnG g llb51 LfiWQJWLD. wnwG~jlQ albngalwo, hwlllnL~ w- ;/10 tlftwpwOmp;mO» qnwwqgmp;mO, dwO(Iwu.;bwmp;mOJJ t;nwwtt-
UmO tt. ll{lwq.wrJniii0/1 UWfiQ, 1./w;ng dn{l/1 tlwf1q, Swtlpnt//1 tlw{lq, gmp;mO, dqnf1 hWJfiOO/Jp» qnwwqgmp;mO, «1n!J b. wqwmmp;ndi>;
l.jflwltm//1 t/nJbt/nfJntp;mO, 1./wOft OwhwOq, (/)IJOuftit/wOftw;/1 OwhwOq, qmuwqgmp;mO, «llftwg;wf ~WJWUU7UJ0» qnwwqgmp;mO, «llftmp-
!fwu;wgnU70 qwt/wn, lfm2/l qwtfwn, 4{1wu0n}UJf1ult/l Of1itf1Wtlwu, ;mO b. wmupwfJfttlmp;mO» qmuwqgmp;mJJ, (":Jf1,hUwg bfllt/JfiJJ qm -
1Jmwt/f1nlJinLftliflltf1wtlwu, LwOftwl/lfl/1 qntlump;mO, PbOm/1 qntlump- uwqgmp;mO (pwJg Gwu· qlJfltlWO/Iw;/1 ungftwf-dnfJnt/f1f1Wt/Wf1UJitw0
;mO, ~nltUJJfJt7J/Ili/PI:i.fililtu7mf1W, WJULqbu Gwu· tqblllnLpJnLGiibnjl. w- qmuwqgmp;mO, Ut/UlllfiWf/IWJ/1 fli;pnf1/Jumwqw0 qnwwqgmp;m u,
!..[w~nw~wQ {~bnfl'JJLLu~wG) jlOeGwalwn 112tuwOntpJm00bnjl ~.qw~.nllw- fiwlllnO/Iw;/1 wqwmwqwO-dnf]nt/flfJWt/WflwltwO ftnwwqgmp;mO, ~w
4wli wG~wQnulObrmur 4/li/llt/lw;/1 hw;qwqwO 11/Dlllntp;mO (~wtl pw- ;wumwti/1 dnf]nt/flfJWitwO qnwwftgmp;mO, fJnwwuU7wO/J rJw20nt,fl-
qwtfnf1mp;m0), 4UJf1U/I pwqwt/nf1mp;m0, U;mO/Ip/1 pwqwtfnf1ntp;m0, fUJ0 qntlmOftumwqwO qnwwftgmp;mO), «U2fuwmw0p», «f"J/IOwtln»,
r..fUJUU/nLfiWitw0/1 pwqwtfnf1ntp;m0 (PWJg liwli 4wf1uft Pwq{1wmm0/l- KUU/WflliiWit» (tlw{1qwqw0 oOitbflnL/}jntOObp), «9/IOt/nfl/1 UWJfl» qwq-
ubf1/l pwqwt/n{lmp;nt 0, <IUJUU/ntfiUJitwO/J Uf10f1nt O;wg pwqwt/n{lntp- tlwftbf111/nLPJnL0, «'TJWU7t/n 02wO» 21JW02w0, «lfw{1mwqw0 ownw;mp-
;mO), P;mqwOqwqwO ftwJUflnLPJntO, ~ontlbwqwO ltWJUflntpJmO, ;mOObfl/1 hwtlwf1» tlbfJWf, «lfWJflwltwO t/JWDJJJJ zpw02wO, «Qb{1w -
luwtli!WJ/1 tlbf/IIJnLPJnLO, ~nLf/JUjUJO tl/JUJU/Dlllnt/}jnLO, ~WJWUliiW0/1 UJ- u
qw0gftlt .fJ/J0w0uftUU7» itf10pW02W0 WJLU:
nwp/JO hw0{1WU/DU7nl/}Jnt0 ~wtl Unwp/10 hw0f1li.IU/Dlllntpjm0, .1J{1w0- b. ~wllw2tuwnhwJjl0 ~wll hwuw~.qblliw~wli 6wQw1dwG hwu-
uftw;/l hftOqb{ln{JfJ hWOfJWlf!OlllntpjntO ~wll ~/10qb{1nf1fJ hWOf1WUJO- l.nWU10LpJWO, llpgwQw~jl ~wu pwp6pwqmJ0 utWLnqwqnp ~n1llwO,
!.f7nt{JJnLU lL WJLU: jllif~.qbu liwu ~.qbtnnLpJmlilibp~g 2linphqnrt 2QWii 2 wCHib("i~ lt llbqwtOt-
:o7Ufd7ulil/nmoqufmq-mo7U 'liqooml]mpi/IJ
:olrm TJ !1-l!J.Jt/n 'p.;rt.; 'f.Jt/dt/nf.; 't/nt/dt/d 'f1.Jt/dfn
-momom-fm/1 .~m1Jljl.lo ~IIlnmtJlj 1Jm~m1Jb!J4 IJ!l tJ1UIIlfm4ml11Llm OIJUU ·OomU7 ot/omom om/1omomU7 U7Un!Jmtl
-u 'Llqumii .Qmfll.ltlml.Jmd fluiJm~mfub 1'] flul.lqumd moTU 'fmp (g
-ml11uf l/liQ001UOm 1]1uU1mq puliQ007UOmOmU1 1/bbmtlmmo ·q
:IJqd-tit/ftm& 'omftJmftn-mbtlt/fJ ·omfmun-at/lqf} 'omnqtftldm0 -tlqs
:olfm TJ 1J(d}1Jf11711: 'f}qiJ 7f1mJ: 'IJll/ !Jmf!Jm'Jtl!J '!J7Uftf7utlm/1mumry l::i:
.~miJljLlo 'IJtl~.>IJmum IJ!l tJluflomnmlilLlm !JUQ1J?ljl.l1Jml.Jmd Qmf12!J dl.lq '(lll.l
-q!]!]1U!Jmbbm tJm~) LILlql]!)lU!Jml]!_>l]m Qmflt~bm~ 6ljl.lq!]?ljl.l1Jml.Jmd !)mtJ!J
u
'!J7Uftf7Uli1Qfnmtl!Jmq 7 '(mpwilli1Qfu} mpwiJ i.JU 'tlq!Jb!Jmqmrz nn
·iJomU1 ot/4mom l/il
1u IJ!Jd 'mblit/n 'atfTqn 'uqs , (Btlo,uombbm) Btlo,uom ~TJLIU (v
-qolt/liiJm!Jmd ot/pomom 'lmo . t/liQOf11U/1mlnmq t/lnt/U7 Dom!JI "(J
:olfm 1'] omfnml]ftul]-utlqdt/ 'omr
-l]t/tlqpm-u TtJom (tJ 'oml]mtftlt/n-mll1fnt/bq 'oml]mlmll1t/-momptlqtJ 'om!] :oHm 'l t/IJ
-mqql-mll1qftun (d ·oml]momptlqtJ-nomtlrt '!Jml]mtlmtfmtf-atl7Utf '(tlq!J -nufmJ: '{llt/rtnun '{llt/rt!J!J 7 'll1t/Q!Jbutlb 'll1mtlqll1qlnfmJ: 'U!Jt/IJfmJ:
-1ubql) oml]mtfqdt/li1-!Jt/l '(pbmtlqll1mln) !Jm/]m!Julnmp-muu '!Jqtlqomp ·OumU1 ol/4mom 1/lt/liiJm/Jmd /Juo/Jmofm!Jqm qllqoowo
-tlqtJ-muu '!Jqtlqot/ll1ml-!]qtlqmuu-fmq '!Jqtlqlb!Jm-fmq (m ·LJqi)!JlUft::huLl -m TmfliiJm!Jmd /Ju/Jqo7u 07Ufd7U.pm.pliub om/1om l]mlimnml: "b
-qdml.lm4 LlqdLlmlil !J!l tJlUIIlfmljmlill.lm aouuu '(flutllUIIlm9Ll~ lj6omq :olfm 'l mtf6mtlqilqrftlii!Jn 'mpwflli1Qlu {!Jmftf7U!Jlmi.J ~/!J
-m3tlqfl ljumd olj3mum) LILlq!]!]1UfdlU6mljtJ ljnljtnorm ljl.lqumd (£ -mll1nmmuu) 'iJtl7Uqtlunjli1!Jfu {!Jmftf7Uli1!Jinmtl!Jm}: t/omll1nmqq]}
:olfm TJ t/qTullhumu ·i]umU1 otlCJmum ofmljp ~!J
-1t/6wmu 't/11 Tuliu!Jmmu-liuommu 't/I/7Ull1tlql]mlm-ll1tlql]mlm (il 'l]n TuiJ -q!)pluflmtnmlj !JljfmtJmUl lu ljUQ!J!JlU!)m ~lUUlmlj lmhJtJmlJmd "d
-U[u-D!J!Jf11711J 'mt/bot/tlmtfu]-nmbl.; '7Umnt/d-m!J!Jt//1b '!Jt/tlilql:;-ftul] :putJmlilmllouttllqLJb lJtlq!]tJlUpmlnmlj !]ljfmtJmlil IJmrQ
-t/li1Tmn 'mftul]lqtlqs-m?mlul]t/rz 'I]Tutluilqtf-mot/IJ lmb '!Jmf!Jqptln-!Jmf '1 nbmb 'IJ/1/ 'ln/0 'lj7Ud Qm6m1Iln oqptlm lj!]m~mfub ~ml.lmnmt
-tl7Ui.J (l 'tlll1qf1u lt/IJ-m!J!JUll1 'tlo-m!Jqaqp 'tlo-iJtlmp ·omfl]tlfm/1-tlll1t/l :oHm 'ltuntu 'tuOI: 'IJSfJ '(mtfpqilml]m !Jt/fmj
·pmp-L11mftult/IJ (b 'lqpnf-lqli17U 'lmtJ-lm!Jb 'lqnunj-lqnm (q 'ali17Uf1'llim -bm t/tl!J!J!J7Uftfwll1t/bJ nnb '!Jill: 'IJPI: 'f7bl: 'IJnn 'J:Pc ·rznn '&U
-nt/mufq 'alq?tim-ntfmufq 'ali17Uf1?tlm-ftmtlmq 'alq?lim-/lmtlmq (iJ "dtJmfEhuiJlJUdtJm !JLIQIJtllUflmtn
'!Jmtlmb!Jmd-!J 7Ull1 ·omtiull1nqu-!Jubmft (tJ 'l]t/!Jmnfqp-liq!Jqpot/ 'tlufmp -m4 1JljlmumU1 ljLlq!J!JlU!Jm lmlLitJml.Jmd ~mLimnm4 'l ~lUUlml: ·n
-lmtlq!]qfJ (d '!Jml]mll]mtlmt/ll1nmiJ-!]ml]mtlml/1mlimtJ '!Jml]mfmnnmp ·lqtl'b flutJmUlmqqp iJqtJljllq!JtJluflmtnml: ·s
·!JUt/6mll1t/bm '!Jml]mamlimff-!Jml]ml]mtlmnmq 'pbt/!Jt/!Jql-pbtfnatlmp
:olrm 'l !Juliuifi
(m ,6ljl.lqtJl.JU~ LlqdLimlil (lldflUT]U!) 'utllj 'U!_)!Jm) !)m~l.lmum flulq1]6mf
!Jmf'lt/17 't/lnupnf !Jmfnt/lt/de; 'J]t/1 !Jmf!Jm'Jtl!J .'lm!J nqlnnfm '!J7Uftf7u6
-m~l.lq!J t~m~ flulqLibmdlU!Jd 1'] l.lmLilj flulqo5ml.ll .ll!JlUfdlu~m~om IJm~
-l]mmul] !Jml]mll1mbm Llmftml]pmu (t/!Jml!1nmfmJ: t~m~ !Jml]ml]fm}:)
-muqdmL1m4 6QqLilj oq tnuomtnljmtn lltlqo?ljlltlmlimd 6ouuu 'lluqi)!JlUf
fm}: '(J7Uftf7U6/]mmu,; {}171/]mt.fU/1{jlT1d lmffimt/{1 (1/!Jml.lmmq!/7 .~m(Jmr~f
·t:hU!JnmljtJ !)fm ljl.lqumd UU!Jm~IIlmm l]ljnmt~ ljonu~ !]flU!J'ltlfl (l
-ul/1) !Jml]mqq] .~moljl.lo ·]iutJmlilmQqtJ ~ tJlUfll.lb 'flUTJQ tlfm lqf11Jljl.lmry
;!l Hm 'l auuml/7-auum 'tl6liqp-t16lima 'lnmtlmn-lnmlimln
'J!]7U[1-tl!Jmf1 'l]mtlmp-l]mtlmd '!Jmpml-!Jmpm 'l]qp-l]qp '.pqp-.pqp '6mp -UI.fl ~ l.JuLim~ lU pUIIlnmplj lj!'lUlULj !)m~mtJqn IJmfl!JmU!JUl ~ QmpQnlr:.l
-ml]-6mpml] 'l!Jt/-l!Jt/ 'fJf7Ub-tJfwb '!Jhub-!JhutJ 'fJmtlm-tJmtlm ·ul.lq!J -Llub dtJmfdlUIJmdml.lmlilo 'l ljiJlU !JlUfdlu~miJmZIJ l.JuLiuflmiJnmtJ tJm~
· Q1Uft::hu1JLimd Lluflm!J~U~ .QmfltJbm~ pu~m!]ml.Jq !Jm~mQ1Ulllqf' (~ l..lu1J6mofml.Jq1Il ll!Jm~mQm Lllj'llml.lqfl IJmflom lmfl.ltJmumd qaq
. ul.lqumd :olfm 'lli1!Jinmltlmft t/tll]tlq 'tlmlnu111tlma t/pu:~
0~
q·bum~ lmf']IIl!)Lj !;llUflLib !J!l flu~ljQb (m :DI]lUfdlUQmQLIU'b lj~ljQb -li1!J!JIJ !JmftfTufil]mmul] 'qmbmnfm!J !Jmftfwll1qlnmtl!Jmq .'1m!J nqtnnrm
'tlmtlm!Jt/l tluftml]mll1nmft 'lt/67Umu tluftml]mll1nmft 'lt/.ptlub tluftmf?
'HUSeJ~UJb sn&'ln f'!ll"Ut't~Qb ~J!ltJnd -mummp !JIT1fd7Ull1t/b 'll1nt/ll1tlm omt;mtJtl/luliup 'lmltlmp t/fmi/6mt/ftm
'bmnjmmmfJ tluftmnjltJ 'Llmtnm!Jmpmtlq tluftmnflb !Jf7utJmtlqtJ .~miJLjL!o
6) Nil 11tpwG ,,_(mlj pwqwl')pijw~ u w(inpnzm~JWU tulwuiil wp- on~Gwl.j· Ulifftpulip(;u.Jfi). lfliJ/1ppwO;wu. P/:JL;Owqwrywfi, l~hf1qwpfiq·
u"lWhWJIIlnil pwntrw. ,M;·nf7, ~'1npf1·f!O;, qm;qv-f!Of. ;wu, Uft[lqwjuw[J;wli;. U!.!l G
7) ULtwGI')wpu ;' ·:,,)pl.jnt.l. qplt_nfl hw111ml.j wGnLGCibp[!. l.Jwf7JJ.nu, 3) Ufll·buwu ll11:i1f.wC;mufitpiJ, npnDg 4•uq•jm~JLUL! ul:i2 4wG Rblir,.,
uw;wp-lmLjw. qUJ 'lwD-!2wpfJUfW, lu0ljn-l1U~bf7, !OwtlW{7111-juUJ0m 11, um, /UIJ, iJ.mq, ,9WfJ~UJ L. (n,wG pLUrJ.WtllltJtGhfl. Cm;ftphufJ., Untf7WfJ-
1wp{I-Umf1WfJ, Cwr-U;wu: um. IYn;nl,lHJmq. Cf!;pwiftw, U;/JOpwfi.JJ../, l;,n/ZJpnLflllfJ."
8) 4pCiwU1 qpij'lq pWil[!, bj:~b UjWhUjWUI{nul t pwn~ 4.bf12UWhU!.Jnl· 4) (j)nfu, ('Ru, t./tu;h. O,i'trr i''''f1l!Jqnh,:[!!.•ilnq lplJqLh!P::'! pwnbflQ
Go: Op~(iwl.j' f)-f7 (fJnljmn{7), U~-0 (1.1./WflnO) u wnu: tjm/uc:.fiiJWLij::•r.:7, lj7."~/H(itfii7U.ti!·i .'lfi ·i ~~li'/,J..,/C.'JL/U.14Wf, t/.'·?,/uUJ[l.[JW
. 9} IClll,wl.jwfi(itrt'l WJU l.jwll.jwl.jgnltlJnLUUbp[!, nrmue tupmwhwj- tpu1 rtlu,tlmu :Jftgbutflfi!J/i··]l:diu7 opbp1
mnul bu llnmwt.l.nrntJiJWU ~llWUIIl. V1WU!J·II1WUUhfJ0q (11WJ11]), 1nf7U· 5) r.f;i~,r·n• flnl)r' i:•i...J:I.ji LJ,t;i",'JJ64fli( lii•'l!!<!'_l~l; h" !j<T.[.ll >li.•hfl!'l ~b_g
hf!Oq (dwl1), ,euwu-,:;uwuhf!!iq (q.flf7p}, bf7lium0-pwnwum0 (of7j: ijw6 (:.t..!:irQ. p>.!h/7 qui'P''i'r! ·'1li!/7:: ~JIPL
10) Swnbpnt.l. .Ufli11WhWJII14.W~ UjWJllwGwGzwGGbfl~. wJLh pwnb- 6) Uli2WU1 q11Ltnn. PWt']U.H)fljllJi li'II:irJ.WUmGGhptJg l.jwqr.ltj_w6 w~w
fl~ u upw(ig hbiJI q.np0w6LJ.nll. J'I4WU2WUWJ~U I~WUjWI.jgmpjnLUUbp[!: ~WUUufl(l. {j,1(1qli[W!JtJWl;wC, hlit7wtfnf7Wfll.diLJWU, Dnf1RWf1lifJ.Wf1JW0,
Ofl~Gwl.j' U-93 pl:iOq/10, Snt-134 fJO,eOwpf!n, «Un;mq-6» 111/lliq/:ipw[fw- ppnOqtJq.w{l;wO, t/lr1Bf1WJ..·fiwl.;w0, lfti(lt!n.utfnf7Wf1&buwtJ h wn ti:
;wO, «0f7pf1111w-2» iUJ.bGpwljw;wO u WJtG: q} Unwug q6!'Ll!~ wGP.UJtn bG !lnl\nn~ hbU1L•JWL 4u.JflQh pwntro.
11} Uul.jwtu !C\Ni6w64nq pwnwllwubfl[! (wowugubr. tlbfl2Wt.l.n- 1) SUJflpbp hli.Ju4utgnq;Jmf!litp lU11tn!..!JhVJ.IUH1f1. r;.nf/tnflJ7 h U/Prl-
flnLJ'IJnLUUbfl, h~llJ;!b[l, ltlWnbp), WJI"'J'It.l.nllf WJU pwnbp~ Wll.W2~(i pw- .fJbunp p.wnb(lD WU2!.UUJL[nu1 !Jli IH.ilflfllll4blilnq:
qW'lfltJtubp[!, npnug bpl.jpnfl'l pwqwl')fl~!D pwg t ~nqGt.l.nul qnfl6w~- 2) UJO 4WLI.IWL!grll.p>JnLf!Ut[l[l. iiflnug U!J:!UJQ~:G PW'1WflflfliG WfliilW-
;{btn4. ll~WJU 4.bfl2~~J J!WilnL~. hWJlillJ.WO t nfl02!P qllf\ C!WVlH!pnq i.'JCrUJ~wumi 4utu qnJwljwGnt{. w)
w) -ftg, -w/JwO, -Q.f7-, p) tlUJIIfln-, tlbq.w-, tlftf/flnwzfuwph: Wf /;WJ111(1p, pw{j ,;brz/JO, f'Wf! '!:.utim2u.!/.;wqmj/J, tlntq ftwpu/'(1. p) l.Jn(l
uo
12) 1 pwnwoubfl[!, npnug h~llJ2bfl[! qpt{w6 bu ~ijwG2wGGbflntl. !Jbf wOq.flw, unf1 lAujuftp&wl) lfM '7iUJ,70/7. i.fb(i,h/J liJwtflli, ~l:inwl/n{l
1
mwnw ~u l.jwl! ttwul.jwiilwnWJ~G hwll.lw4.mllubp, l.jlntuwumGGbfl bu Wf1l.t.bfp, Ulif7dwl/n(1 Wfll...li[p, 1~) ~f?P.I/Jftfig wun,wd, jw[fwqwO wuf)wtl
l.jwll wnuijwo b(i !u.<4bflUlGbp~ llb2: Ofl~Gwl.j' w) 2-flg, 8-fl, 200-JJ, X-f!, (QU-fl}, Lnflbqb{7Wq0wg Of)LUfnL:
XX-f!g, p) UU1U-m 11, UU4i.;-f!O, UUll-f!g, 1w!}L 1.!/:iU-f!O, UUI.!-m 11, 3) UG<'lfl wGt~u'u L (jptu qnr6mul:mtp-JmC!G WJU 4wll WJU wnmllnij
l;US0-/1, q) «qwpndi»-/1 tflippf!O hwl1wf1!J, idl:iOf!O;wO nuzflnt/»-/1 bl!lU.I'JWU '1n!ll!~ll..ifipl~t'.H.qn'l!qnt f.}Jnt.O(I. font tfwfitmfi guuwfJWinO. Cftr.
jutlpwqf1mp;mOJJ, r:.J lifll:i.e-o ptfwqwO t. qwJ7mO-n lifllttfwOljwfifJ pwo 1/w!Jqw!JI:i rJpwi.Jwlnf71[7QlJ. l'w:P.fJ/' tqu.J{mfuuff!ui'lflJWO!J l.t WJl G:
t. 11Wf7fJ·!J Q.f7t/ml1 t f)·nt/. pw;g ljwf1f)wgtfnul t p-nt/h wRG. b) w;G pw- 4} Sbp, pb/.j, t.ibt/W L GuwG ~2LlJilU11D hwlnm4 wliqw[; htlfl qnr-
'lW'lflJWL pwnbp[!, npn(ig WI2W2~(i PWll.W'lfltJ!U WflUlWhWjUlijWO t ow6btl1u. Sb(l Uwhu..d1, UbffiR UtfwO, tunupnl/ pl:if; u WJlU:
pijwG2wunij. 25-wll;w, 100-wl1;wlj, 2-flfJ., 10-wqwO h WJtU: 5) tifl4nL ljwLl wtlbl!l umwGll!lG PWll.WflflP!Ubp~g 4wqllt{w0
p) Unwug q-1~4~· ll~wu~G bO qfltlm~ hbiiluJWL 4wflqtJ p.wnbfl[!. hbUluJWL OIIlWflWqq~ hw~.nm4 wum(i[ibfl[l. w) wnl.tllliljWU f)Ul, fJJJ, qb,
1) 1nl')wl.jwUjnt{ pwpl') pwnbfl[!, WJJl ~t.l.mll Owu hwllwi')WU pw- f}bJ, JUI, qwu, jJnii, uwli, ubliU1 u GLlwG WJL pwqwl')fltJ!Ubfl m(ibgnq
11.W'lfltl.!Gbfln4 l.jwqlll{wOUbfl[!. fl:iqt/WQ.f1WljW0, Q./1111Whliii1WQflU1W- w(i~(iwum(i(ibp[! lbn0W(If)fl q.w <./.f!Offl, L;mq.ljf!q r../wO PbphnljbO, UO-
f.tw0, fJpwl1wf!f1w;/10. O;mpwU11:ijuOf!ltwltw0, nwql1wantfwJf10, dn- IflnLWO fJ!J ub01.11 tpq;nw;bflt\ r../ftfhlittl :pno 7nu!pnf!Jin. p) wputuwu
•?nl/pfJUJU101flbuwqwO, pW11WRlif7WljW0UJljW0, nL uml10wf)WUU1/IW(/W/;- WJ, fJ, /fJ, /0 L. (ulwli pwrtWI'lfltJ[Gb(l ndibgnQ wucl(iwCinLCICibrt[!. 1w-
/W/tW0, W!]liUU1Wtln,euw;f10 l.t WJtU: pm0 WL nw;ftfJ, uwhf1 lL Ptu{J/If), i<Ut Uhf7WI1» (plif7p), t1 Pwp[7/III1, t1
2} npht wum(i~g (l.jwll wqqwOmGtJg) h lllbf1, tlbt/JR, pbf/, tlf!pqw ~wnwJJ. llntfl /fJ fJ/10 uUIJLG:
m ullwu pwqw'lfltl~Cib(l~g l.jwqllijw~ wu~uwOmOGbfln (~w~ wqqw- 'l) Olilwflwqq~ ll~ 2W(lf1 pWrJ.WifflJWL Ulbll.wllmGObfl, npnOg pw-
umGObfl[!), bpp U24.WO pwqWI)fl~tUbflCI WfllilWUwUt{mll b(i lltJwu~(i: 1'\W'lflh!Ubfl~ hwpwpbflnLf=IJntU[! hwjbflb(mul !~ qp111w4glj_mll. UJnL
68
69
3npp, bjm !ibf7uf7, Pmii{jnu Uj,flbu, U[UUJ Upw, lw Uw02. Lb 4pb[n, tlw~pWJ~. brpbtlu tL wow~w(ip 4u.JO C;f•)•l''iHil]!> l•ii'>iJSfUJUJUWJ!lCi Gzw-
Uw[im 3wqn, Uwu :bf1w(igftu!.:n: (jw~nLPJnLU: 'lnwup bG' pbfiw!JpufttfwJfl, ;'!JlnuOJ!ufufbfl (q{lt/nuJ M
6) fatlW~UJUUbfl~ Wj!.i 4WIJ.IUJ4gnL~JnLU[!, npp wnw2pu pwqw~n~!U Owli pb{lw0uftt/wJf1 (t/wp), pbpwOuftt/bp), ·I.Jtfu!u/u1Jf1 (t/wfi), Qtfu/71/bp,
wrmwhw.ru-,4u.i6 t pwgumwl.jwu hnuu{nll.. mpftg mwuf! {mwp/7), liplieftg qwP/7t/WJf1 (ljwp). IJW(I/71/bp, lipbu{i/tt/U!Jfi (:jt:../{1), bpfiuOfufbp, qwn/7·
,m,9 (mwp!JftutO), tnwLt,ll.~':' lf'U.IltO/IftOq (ub[Jm) L. wnO: t/WJ/1 (t/wp}, qwnftt/bp, hfttlOftt/wJp (t/Wfi}, h/Ftltijujtp:
OwGnpnLpJmG 1: fl t/WJf1 L. ftl/wfi qmqwaL.bf1[! (uwpbpO ft t/WJfl -
uwpbpO /7 t/wp, qwnftt/WJf1 - qwo,~ljwp), q.pluljuJCi ·qj12WJ~0 lA tunuwl.j-
!"> '-I.Uar NllP). "' '-l.tr =ttsu'lrnttaantuutrn'-1. gw~wO L. dnll.nttn'lwl.jw(j nowljwu l.lli.Uflpbpti·~;utp bQ: UJUL4bU (dba/J
Lj!Jf:!U'-!Uo num!4U'IlUl!smtaantut.atrl" tq
r-untrl"l q.pm~aauu 4U1Jnt.ubf'f:!
u
/7 t/WJf1 ftOjnt • wOm2 /jUJf1/jWJflt/ t/wqrwJ t umm !]Wf Wfl/1 tlftpnt/))
(fl. '1/wt11qw0jw0). «!abpl, pwtlftO fbntJ /1 t.fwr. P.?mtll Uuwlflmp/7 WJpt/wo
dwuw0w4wljpg hlUJI:ipbCimu qn)w~wGGbnn4 L. /7 t/WJf1 (t/wp), /7 t/bp li1UJP tlnjuftpf!» (h.J. 1Jw2lflb0g). «'1nif1L! C}l<'lifl!/ ti!ltt/Jg. tfwUWUfWf1hiJ
hbLnW'lf1nLpJmGubrm4. ~wqul{wo ~w~wi.JgmpJmuGbnp m pwnbntl qnmp- pbpt/bgwt/ IJbut/7 i bnOwjftO qwn/lt/WJ/1/J-'l (fiw p,fl/1}. «flfjp Q./72bf1 Ow
JWU ~b2 wnw2wgbL bG wlfbLnfli'J. qmqwaL.nLpJmliubn: Onpuw~· qwp /7 t/bp 110wg WJIJutbu pbpw0puftt/WJf1JJ (U. h.JwfiqWtJJWUj. <(fi!]p pwOwq[J ...
- qwpflt/bp, qwn /71/WJfl - qwn/11/WJfl, hfttlO /7 t/l:ip- hftl10ftt/l:ip, Jl:inO /7 t/WJf1 [JO/jwt/ pl:ipwOpeftt/wp q.l:iUJ0/70» ("J. 11:itlftp6jw0):
(t/wp) -[bn0/71/WJP (t/WJ"I), uwpO /1 t/bp- uwpOftt/l:ip L. wnu: OwOnpmpjmQ 2: fanLJLWl1lf14.m~ t wGutCt2UJUl l{finLfl'JWU tl~wttn!'l
0Lflfl.WQflWI.jUJU WJU wuhwn4p L. zt.flnpbgunq qmqwc3L.mpjmUUb- {jbp~ PWil.W'lf1~!ubn~ wu2wLn qnnqeJmUIJ b~t; turau2~0 pw11.wilnllw
f1[) tlbnwglibLnL !:il!.JWUJI.IJ~nt~ wlihf'lwdb21ll t WOW2Unf1'ltlbl hblilL.JWL UnLJUnLPJW~p wu~wtu qnn6w6mpjmG miW !JWJ7 /7 L/l:ip, l:ipbuO /7 t/WJf1,
4wun0ubnmt: h/7110 /7 t/l:ip, pwJg· pl:ipwOpuftt/wJfi, pl:irnuup:.,ftt/b;7, Qi/11/lljl:ip:
1. UG2WLn 4wtl hwflW'lflnLpJw!.'ip qpttnul bu. OwQnpnLpjnLG 3: UuhwOllUWfiWflb!.~ t w!J2!!..tlll QjlnLPJntG mGb-
QnJw~wGiibnn4. u /7 1/WJP (t/wp) m /7 tjbp hwnw'lnmpJmGubnntt gnll. [l:inO /7 t/WJf1 (t/wp), [l:inO /7 t.flip, UfWt.nO fi t/LLf/;7 (r.!wp}, UfWifliJftt/bp,
~wqlltlw6 !.jw~wl~gnlpjmGubpo: '1-nwGf! bu' uwpO /7 t/WJf1 (t/wp), uwpOftt/l:ip pumbflp li~wurG (LbnOftt/WJf1 (t/wp),
w) 1wlilnt~ tnbrtLUUmG qnjW~wuObnntt L. /7 t/WJf1 (t/W{I) m /7 [l:inOftt/l:ip, UfUJt.n0ftt/WJf1 (t/wp}, 1.1/Wt.nOftt/b[l, uwpOftt/WJ[I (t/wp), uwp-
tjbp hblilW'lf1nLpJmGObpm.J. 4wqtlttw6 ~w~w~gmpJmGObno: On~uw~· 0/71/l:ip qnmpJmGo:
UwuftuO /7 t/bp, i5mjwuw,7li /71/WJP L. WJLU.
p) 1nq0w4r qnJwltwGOI:inntt L. /1 t/WJf1 (t/wp) m /7 t/bfl hbLnw-
=tuatrtlJ q.ru~nr tt.l. PUuU'-I.i'ifl h.~nu;mm 'lliUUI.fUu
ilnmpJmOubnntt ~wq!.'iLtwo 4w~w~gmpJm00bno. onpuw~· uwpbpO /7
rat.~.u~ut.ubPI" qnresuamfasw. 41!1dllJutr
tfl:ip, dnpl:ipO ft t/Wfl, IJW21nl:i[10 /7 t/bp L. WJLU.
q) QnJw4wGUJ4wG pu.mw4w~w4gmpJW~p L. /7 t/WJf1 (t/wp) m
u~wLnp mOb0wLn4. nr ~wzumGwljuJu t.~mJuU1wprwbpmll L. wn
/1 t/bp hblill.Uilf1nLpJmGObnn4 ~wqtl4w6 ~w~w~gmpJmuObno. onp-
qnm~JmGubnmtl wG~ponfluw4m~JmG t um!:if1.6l{bL wnwpwljwG ~4w
Gwlf UpWJ/1 Jl:inO /7 t/WJ[I, wt/b[!wlj pl:ipq/7 UfWt/70 /7 t/l:ip, qftdwg/7 uwpO
Gzwuubnn4 wnlilwhwJLntlnq 11wuw4wu ptJ.UJlg.uGGbpo qnnowabt~u.
/li.fbp, WJIJ opftg ft t/bpl.! WJlG:
WJupu_eo· wuhnwdbzLn tlwuup~ubno {-flu, -ptJ) bppbtlG qntlmtl, bn-
'l) PwnwjpG !.uGl!'..uj'umpjmG mGbgn11. zbzlilw4pn qnJw~wuOb
pbllO !bG qntlmll (onpuw~· 1-ft/J qfim, 1l!fiur 2-_n!J hnf}t.fwa, 2 hnf}t/Wrf,
(lntl ~wtl Uw~pwjutrnt! !_, ft !/WJ/1 (f/wp) m /7 t/b{l hbLnW'lf1nLJ)JnLUUb-
nntt ~wqtllfwO ~W'-4W4gmpjnLUUbf1[). Of1pGw4' ql:im0 /7 t/WJf1, qpplf0 /7 3-pq Q.Jntfu, 3 QLntfu, 4-pq 0/jwp, 4 Oqwp14 WJIG}, qn[16nfl ~wOnOObrtJ
tlpwuuw~wuwgtlwu, 6zqnLntlwu L. wG~wrmumpJwG ttbnwgawu u~w
t./l:iJ7, t./1nl]ng0 /7 t/Wfl, l/Wf!mg /7 t/bp, hOntg /7 t/bp L. WJLU:
2. UOwGQWUl li'-'-H~ huJ'lwllrm~Jwllp qnttm~ bu. lilw4n4 wuhnwdbzLn t WflW2Unnil4bt hblili~JWt 4tJJUnUUbflntt.
q.nJw4wGiibpntJ l! /' 'fuJJJ? (tlwp) m /7 tjbp hbLnW'lf1nLpJmuul:inn4 1. 'lwuw~wG ptlw4wGubnn wnwpw~wG f;14.WUzwuuann4 wnlilw-
pwqw'ln4.wo WJU pi..'lfHf p•;_mbflf:!, nnnu_p mObu tlb~ pwnwJru zbzlil L. hwJlilbLm 11b~_emtl wlihnwdbzUl uwuO!llJUbftl1 ilf12u1 qnl:it. oflpuw4'
71
70
fllJ, crCmuO m /jwU7t//1» pwflpwnwJ/10 pwnbfl[J, tl/1 hwU7tfwa «UU/wOtfwa
1-/10 /j/iU7, 2-flfJ hnfJtfwd, 3-flfJ Q[nt,lu, 4-flfJ 0/jwfl, S-flfJ lfwf7dntpjm0,
6-flfJ UJI]JflLUUJ/j u WJL0: • wrzwt/Omg», ttUf7Wf1UJU7/1 fwtfwqntJU fuwfJwgnrzlJ» u WJLfi:
2. fCh.[w4wOObp~ • wnwOg Ozl[wo llwu0~40bp~ qnpo~ompjmOo ~w4bnlllObnmll wnOLI.n'l. wOmOObn~ hnLnLI.w4wO l.[bn2wLI.nnmp-
JmOObflO m hnqliiftc q.pL!nul bO !W4bntnObp~g qmnu. q.6~4nl[ wfi2Will-
~nLJLWLnflbl~ hu.ulwpbl hbil!UJ!).Wi.i 4~f1W!lOLpJWU fJ.O~pnul' tlbpuw-
L[w6, bpb wOL[~ 1.& L[bn2wLI.nrmLpJwO 4wll hnq~ ll~wgw6 q.nmpJmOo
qpbp.nul, bOpwl[bpOwqpbpmll, h'l.nulObpmll lL WJLO. op~Ow4' llliU7 1..
wnw2 t pbnnul hwJbnbO~ hwllwn wfiunl[np ~ubn 4wll qctl[wpwgfimll t
hnfJt/wtf 2, q[m/u 3, tlwu 4, «UzfuwU7WUJ?/IU wqwU7t/liL t hwuU7/IJ?Uiif7/1
pOwqn~ o04wLnlll[!:
/jf7lfUJU7t1UJU U{UJU7lfUJnnt/ h/ltlp[J' ~~ wzfuwU7WUJ?WJ/IU Of7li0uq/lf7R,
bpb wfimO[! wnmwhwJilll[w6 t wllpn'1.2W4w0 Owtuw'lwum-
hnfJtfwa 36, lj/iU1 1»:
pJwllp, ~011..4bu' crUbfltlOwgwuubfllJ [t/bf7WIJWf7dw0JJ-/Ig tl/1 hwU7tfwa.
3. 1blllWI}WU ll~llEnLil wOpnLJLWtnpbL~ hwllwpbL rlWUW4w0~ ~
!iJmtlwOJWUlJ ((tO Lnnm dnf70 t»-0 t/lnfubL .t «UJO Lnnm dnf70 bJ-nt/
llwulll wplllwhwJmmt pl[wOzwGGbpo u tnwnbpn hnLn4t{w6 3ubpm.[ u
crbqpwJfl Iitle tlliJ}»-[J t.fwrzmg t /if7qtfnul, 4wll bpb PW'l.Wil(lJWL wOL[wO
hnqbpm.[ qnp6w6bL[!, WJU~OpO' qpbL n1 pb /jbU7 1-/10, QLntfu 11-nt/, tlwu
l}bl4EnLil L[bp2~0 PW11.Will1~1[! 4wll pwn~ hnLnLI.w~u t, 4wll1hnLnl[L[n11.
q-/lg, pwd/10 4-flfJ/1, 0/jwfl 5-[J, UJnLUUJ/j VI-[] u WJLO, WJL i-/10 /jbU7/1, II
pwn, 4wll wU6(iwl.tWCi m gmgw4w0 qbnwOmO, ~011..4bu' bflqbg/10
Q[/unt/, q tlwu/lg, 4-flfJ pwd0/1, 5-flfJ 0/jWfllJ(U), VI UJntOw/j[J(O) u WJLO: «Utlut/1 UIUJ/j/lg»-[J. uwf7-'7nu/1 K/;u 1J Ow»-/1 hbflflUlJ. hwU7tfwa0/if7
OwOnpwqpnLPJnLfi 1: UnLJO 4w0n0[! 1~ L[bpwpbpmll wOMwfimfifib-
/jUJflfJUJ[ '1/. '7nLf1JW{illl ,i.Jf»-/lgu WJLO:
11~ hblll qnp6w6L[n11. hwlllnt4 wOL[wO wpctbp nLObgn'l pl[w4w00bp~O:
~nil[! 4wll hnt~O L[bn2wLI.nnmpJmOo 1W4bfltnfibn~g qmpu t
ullwO qbl.J.WbpnLil hnLnLI.L[nLil u hnq t UlllWOmllll~wJO pl[W~WU[!, op~Ow4' qnl[mll 0~ •Jfi ••pull, bnp wOmOo pbnl[w6 t oLOwp 4wll 4ntSwlll
SfrqflwO Unwp/10/1, Uf72Wil bf7/jf7nf7fJnt/, lunuf7nt/ /;l1f7flf7fJlJ(U) uWJL fi: QJ'"l.,.,-. Wlirtd .atb~ 1lMtW'll1~1[! pl[wOzwO L!w~ .pwuwJ~fi hw-
OwfinpwqpnLpJnLfi 2: 1wJng WJpmpbG~ llltunbpnl[ wptnwhwJill- ~ t, ~· hlllll"fNN.Rt·l «ilnjntq 31»-/lg, «U/14»-/1 OfiUJfnLU,
L[w6 qwuw4w0 pl[w4wGObp[! wGMwfimOObp~ hblll qnp6w6LI.bL~U
«,.,1/ttttJ»-fr lltlf/HJJI/wu pl]fJW/dlg[J, ,KOMMJHUCm "-/I hwpnf7fJ hUJ·
4wpqwgl[nul bO n1 pb lllWilwfil[wllp, WJL wJOL4bu. ~fi11..4bu qwuw4w0
tlUJfl[J, «Of7Q - 2004»-/1 hwqpnqObfl[J u WJLO:
pl[w4w00bp[!: UJu~OpO' 1..4bU1p t wplllwuwfibL ni_ pb S/lqf7w0 U. Uf7-
2Wil P, lunuf1nt/ Q, LLIJL S/1Qf1WU UowpfJO, Uf72Wq l<f7/jf7flf7fJ, lunuf7nt/
bf7f7nf7fJ u wnO:
Ot.~,.~finpWQP!'lLPJnLfi 3: tal[wp41lwu qbl4pnLil hwJng WJpmpbO~
lllwnbpnl[ wplllwhwJillL[w6 pl[w4wlWbro 4wpn11. bfi 4wnqwgqbL Owu
£!_Uill h01llwfi, WJU~fJpu· 1-.Mi hnn,jwafJ w (qwtl wowp/10) /jbU7, 11 pwd-
Ufi /! 11/WU Ufli/{111/IIJJ Li1WflpUfll1lJ:JjfllU u WJLU:
1
"Sb 'u U. Unt~~WUJWG, uzq. wzf\J. t2 37: 79
U. UW11QWJ1JWG, Gzq. wzfu., t!113B:
78
20 u. 11- tlbu 200 200-pl'}
21
22
23
24
3, J- h~
L, (j -- unL
C,z-zw
n, n- tJ.o
!
300
400
500
600
300-pl'}
400-pl'}
500-pq
600-pl'}
l n(l w&lbO Ll~ hG!JmO wO~WJilWCJ ~bLnp t WflLnWUwOl{~ ll~ LnwnmL l.&
11~ lllwnu tL l4bLnp t hwllw~wLnwutuwCJ~ ll~ huumupu (hO~nLJfl~fi):
l"'ppl.& UlWilWjpli Q.JlnLPJWU UlWflWUlbuwl.j' UlWilWr}Wfl6nLpJnLUn
13
25 ~. l • lW 700 700-11'1 L~Onul t q.~UJwl.jw[i L. ~npOCJwl.jwO :
26 "1, Uj - lllb 800 800-pl) q~Lnwljwu mwawl)wflllnLpJnLU[l 4~flwnl{mll t Lbql{wpwOwl.jwO
27 s.. 2- 20 900 900-pl'} q.pwl.jwumpjWU &lb2 l.& li~WUlWI.j nLCJ~ 6zLnnflbU Gbpl.jwjwgGbLnL LbqLJ.~
28 fl, a- r:tw 1000 1000-pl'}
hu!Jmliubpo' ll~2W(!IlWJCJnpbO nurJmGl{wO oLnwfl Lnwnbpnl{: 1wJbpb-
29 U, u- ub 2000 2000-pl)
(j~ q.~Lnwl.jw£i UlWiltuqUJflllnLpJw[j hwllwp q.np6w04,nLil t LWlll~Owl.jwCi
30 ~ tt- tJ.bl), 3000 3000-pl'}
31 S, Ul - UlJnlli 4000 4000-pl'} WJpmpbGo. n11n2 hwl{bLWil~fl CizwCiGbrtnLJ., ~G!~bu' pwqwp - aya k k,
32 r. 11 - 11 1l 5000 5000-pl'}
UJUnLU- a nun, plif1WU- bsran, hUJI/UJUWJ1- havasar l.& WJLU:
33 9, g- gn 6000 6000-pl'}
~wJbrtbG~ Lnwnwi)UJTIOnLpJnLGGbp bG l.jwqllbL L. Uwnn. =t =tJnLpzllwu[r
34 nl, nL • pn(inul t Wjpmpb(j~
L UlWil~ Ulbrl[!, plj_wj~li wp-
UJdll [!OI)m0l{w6 t h 14~f1wnmpJwG llb2 t =tJnLpzllwG~·I.jwqllwO l.&
db~~g qmp4 t: U. UbJb~ m t. PbOL{bllflum~ l.jnrtllpg l{bpwllzwl.jl{wO UlWilWI)Wfl~nLp
35 t, L- 4Jmli 7000 7000-pl'} JWG hwllwl.jwpqo.
136
a>, lf1 - Lf!JnLp 8000 8000-pl'} w-a n-E lt-k CJ-n u-s p-k'(kh)
37 12, I? -l!b 9000 9000-pl'} p-b p - t (th) h- h 2- s l{ - v m - 11
38 btJ., lL - blj_ wtJ.bLWQbL t hb- q. - g d- z 0 - i n - o (vo) Ul - t l.& - ew
UlWQWJnUl:
f\ - d jl - i 11 - y .1 - c' fl - r o-o
39 0, o-u wtJ.bLWQbL t ll~2~u
I'}Wpbpmll, ptJ.WJ~U wpctb- b-e t -I ti -c ~ p - g - c' lJ - f
1?1'!9 qmp4 t: q-z tu-x ll-m 2-i L-w
40 !b, !J> - ~b wtJ.bLWQbL t ll~- t-e b-e J-Y n-f ~-p'(ph)
21lu l'}wpbpmll, plj_WJ~U wp- QnpOGwltwG LnwnWI)WJldnLpJmGn 4~flWill{mtl t Lbql{p ub~wl.jwG
ctbQJ'lg qmp(l t: WJpnLpb£i~ anwobp~ \a hwrt4 brtwO l)bi.LII?nlll Gwl.& LnWflpbpwl.f~! lilwG-
(ibp~ ~~~2ngn!l pwnbp[! hG!JmOwpwGnpbO 6~2Ul WJllllWhWJUlbLnL hw-
,Wjl.jwl.jw(j Wjpmpbu~ LnWilbi'ID pl{WJ~(j Wfldbpnl{ hbLnl.&JWL
dwp: \JilwG LnwnwqwpAmpJnLGD LWJCinpbG q.nflO t w04nLil hwllll.jw-
I.LIWUJI.jbpu bu Gbf14WJwgCJmll. uttu [email protected] mumllGwu~JlnLPJnLOObflmll, ~fi~~bu· pwu >
U~wl{npubp' w - p (1 - 9), lllwuuwl{nnubfl. ct- 11. (10 - 90), hwrt-
p'wli, ptD, U/UJD, UJtli. 1/IUJO, p'ou, p'nO, UJOU, I)Db;>f}.OfJ. r(uff, fJ.'tJUGf,
JnLflwl{npubp' ti- 2 (100- 900), hwqwpw4npGbp' n- R (1000- 9000):
U/lf7rn. uftpiJ., uftn/J1, u/Ji!PIJ. ui:]un. utl:ipU?, UJ!f'UI b wn£i:
Swnw~ntPJwU djl WJl lllWJlWI.nbuwq t Q.flWJ\Wfl~nLPJnLUD
SUflU'lUP:1ntta3ntlJ {utpWWL}1tnbf1wgflw}, npt1 qtmmnul llp tbqlijl q.pwGzwOObp[] (wJpm-
pbO~ LnWDtJ"'n) wpmwhwjWH.OO bfj !lfl Wfl. tbq_LJ.p <Q.flWUzw(j(jbpnl{,
SWilWrJWI'IlinLpjnLU[! npl.&t Lbql{~ hG!nLjpCJbp~ (hli~jmCJCJb[l~) l.& W[l- ~O!~bu· dwU1liDWf1Uif11Ufi- MameHB.iJapaH, iwJUJUU1Wii - AiJacmaH,
l!lWUWUWI.jw[j wnwOOOwhwLnljmpjmOObpp hwrtnl'lr}nLilO t ll~2wqq.w r0110C ApMeHUU - «QoJOU UruJiiE/1/1•. fJ/4Wi;J/Jn - de takto, fJ.lijnLf1G -
J~G huDmiJwljwO WJpmpbu~ l.jwll tlbl.j WJL Lbq4~ ~WJilwCJwl.jwO
de jursl.& wnli:
q.nmpJw[i ll~2ngnl{: SwllwrJwJ16nLpJwCJ hptluwl.jwu ul.jqpmOpG w1CJ t.
80
81
6*
pwnO munul0wuprmu.1 liCi PPrtl.a LbcttlwpwOw~wO qpmnL~JwCi wnwCiOpCi
dJmrt.bflp, hlimw~OilWO O~wUlw~Obrttl m fu01ltlp0brttlmbuw0~Jnt0tlg:
pun.uql"sntrasntL Pwnp, ~Prtl.a Lbq~ tlOelimnmJO pllwuLnw;~O ~wnt.ann ll~wqnp~
mrt.rt.w~p munLiluwupnm~Jwllp qpwqqmll t pwnwq~mm~JmOo' Onw
PwnwqjimmpjnLO[! LtiqtlwpwOmpjwO WjO pwdpOO t, nnO qpwq- Lnwpptip ~nqtltipnq m llrtul.anpmtlOiinntl:
qnul t pwnp Lt. [!OI'}hwOpw~bu pwnw~wzwpp muntllCiwu~pmpJwtlp: t!um WJI'}tl tt pwnwq~mnLpJnLOO mO~ htiml.t.JWL pwctpOObno.
14
LbqmO np~bu hwllw~wpq hbOqnul t bp~nL 4wpl.anpwqnLJ0 UJnL· w) t-dwumwpwOntpJntO. mumllOwutlnmll t pwnbpp pllwumwJpO
Obpp L{pw' pwn, pwnw~wzwp It Qb(lw~wOwllwO ~wnntgL{woe: '7w- hwllw~wpq(l, OpwOg wpmwhwjmwo ptlwumObpO nL ~nwo tlllwuLnw-
nwq.ptnmpJmOo pwnO munulCiwuppnu) t np~bu 01...~ La pntlwOI'}w~mp J~U lflntfmfumpJntOObp[!, Ol.t.wpllwuLnwjpO mbuw~ObJ1[!, jitlWULnWJ~O
jWO llpwut:impJnLO 4wqllnq WJt:iu..j~Utl llpwtlnp, nj"' w04wjun(lbG 1... ~09- qw~bnli nt ijlntuhwpwplipnL~JmOOiino:
0wqw qnJnL~JmO mO~ fununqObfltl q~mwqgntpJwO llb2: ~utn WJilil tL p} Utnm(lwpwlinLpJntO. muml10wu~nml1 t pwnb(l~ owqmllo Lt.
WJU nLnnmmll pwoo eOt:impJwO t wnOL{mtl ~1'1 ptlwumnq 1... 4wqtlmp- OnwOg o011hwOmJ1 ~w1111lw~wo qw(lqwgllwO oOpwge[J:
JWilp, lli"'WCig lflnlflnfumpJnLOObnp m qwnq.wgllwO oppOwtwlflnLpJnLri- q.} PwDw~wqdmpJmO. qpwqtlmti t LbQ.q~ pwnw~wqllw~wO hw-
ObpnL{, pwnp wOqwOnrtw~wO llbpntl m wllwp({wJw4wO tlbpwpb(lmp- tlw~wpqp eOOmpjwtlp, llwtnOwOzmll pwnw~wqllw~wO llp2ngObj"'O nL
JWtlp Lt. WJLO: ~wrt.w~wpObp[!, pwnb(lp ~wnmgqwO.RWJPO opbOeObpO m opjiOwtw-
Pwnp mumllOwuppmpJwllp qpwqqmll l:i[i Owl.a LbqqwpwOnLp- lflntpJ mO Obno:
JWfi WJL pw~OObp, J!WJQ pnLnpnqpO mwppbn mbuwO~JmOpg L. mwp- ll) 'lwru~qw~wpw(inLpJntO. muml10wutlpntll t pwnbpp ~WJnLO tl-
pbp llntnbgnulObpnq: llwutnwJ~O 4w~w4gmpJndHlbp[!, I}Willntw6.R0bp~ hwllw4wpq[!,
10!JnL0wpw0mpJm0[! pwnCi mumllOwuppmtl t qntm hO!Jm0w- lipwOg oOilhwCmtfl wnwOOOwhwtn~nLpJmCiObfl[!, ~llwutnWJ~U ll~wOm
pwOw4wO mbuw04Jm0pg, hpll0w4w0nu1 eOOnul m pwgwmpmll t lnLPJWO m qwnmgtlwoen tnbuw~btntlg llWfliltlwoeOI:ipp mwppbp
t:ij"'w hO!JnLUW~wO 4wnmgqw6j20 m wnw0ll(iwhwLn4nLPJnL001:ip[!: 0j"'- tullpbJ1(!, upwOg jitlwumObppO, hmlwOzm~JWU[!, tnW(lpbpw~Obj"'pO,
9W0 tt huumOwpwt:impJwO munulOwuppmpJwCi WllWf1~wt:i Lbqtl~ owqllwOO m qnnow6nLpJwuo tlbpwpbnnq hwngtpo:
0Jmpw4w0, WflUlwuwOw~w(i t:iqwqwqmJO ll~wqnpO t. hO!JntO[! b) PwDwpwliwq.pntpJnLu. qpwqL{mll t nt ll~wJO pwnwpwOOtnn
(hOtnLJp[!), np(i nLOtl pllwutnWQ.WUlP! !}tip La pwnn Ol.t.w]pt:i J!WI\W'lf1P! 4wqllllwllp, WJL munulUwunrmLil t upwllg Lnbuwqubp[J, 4wqllmpjw0
t, wJOmwllbOwjOpL{, JnLflW.RWCitJnLI"' hO!JnLDw~wO-hO!nLJpwpwOwqwO u~qpmOeObpiJ, npnzmll tnwppbfl pw11wpwt:iObpp llh!'l[!, OnwOg wn-
L{bptnt6mpjm0[! !P ~wnnq qmntlw6 ttlliliL pw11pg, gwOp nn hO!JntOO ctbeO nt OzwOw~mpJmOo:
m hOtmJpO ~pbOg llwnllOwtlnnnulO tO qmOmll hbOg pwn~ llt2: :)l.t.w- PwnwqtltnntpJwO zwm 4wnt..np m 6wtlwLm0 pwctnCi t Owl... pw-
pwCinL~JntO[! pwnO nLumllOwuppmll t OL.wpwOw4wO-ebpw4w£iw4wO nw~W2WI'IP ourthwOmp tnbunLpJmO[!, npO qpwqqnul t Opw mwppbp
~wpqbpntl. m funueMwuwJnO hwtn4wOnzObpnq: CwpwhJmumpJwCi zbptnl:i(l~. 4pw6 tnbqwzwpcttptl, ~ppw11w~wu qwCiwqwu uzwOw~mp
hwllwp wDLU20WJpOf.! pwnl:inn ~wUolw4gllwO optOeotnO m oppfiwtw- Jntllt:ibnp m qnpownnLpJmCiObptl nLunulCiwutlpnLpJwllp:
l.j'1mpJnLOObnO bO, lli"'Wlig ~wnqwpwOmllO m pwgwhwJtnnulCi tlppL. Unqnpwpw(l tnwppbpw~qmll t Ciwl.t. IL!Wtnllw~wO Lt. O~wnw
t:iwtuwqwumpJWO wt:illwlll.t. pwnw4wutw~gnLpJWU pwqwqp~!: qpw4w0 pwnwqjimmpJmO: lflwmllw4w0 pwnwq~mntpjntO[! mumtlOw-
OISwqpmmpJmO[! pwnCi munLilllwu~pmtl t Pl:!pl.t. ndw4w0-wptnw-
U~flntll t Lbqqtl tnwppbfl 2112w00bpp pwnw~wzwno m pwnwJtlO hw-
hwJtntw~wO llt12ng, gnLJQ t tnWL~U funuentll Onw m0bgw6 ~wtn~bpwqn
llwqwpq.[!, QnLJQ t mwttlu tbqtltl pwnw~wzwfl~ ~wtntlwqwO qwpqw-
I"'OLPJnLO[!, wpmwhwJtn!W~wflmpJmuO m hntqw~wO bnwOqwL{nnnulo:
UuL{wo~g UJWPQ. t llWnOmll, np tbqtlwpwOwqwCi WJil pwct~OObpp nt-
untllOwU~flnLPJWO pntO 4wll hptl0w4w0 O~wmw~o pwno tt. llllWO.R ~~
st·u tq. UI\WJWU, ClillhWUOlll L. hWJ~W~Wii pwrtwQ~IIlnlpJnlU, t .. 1984, t~ &.6:
UL. LJwpq.wpJwli, dwawuw~wlj~g hwJng tbqm, t .. 1993, tp 5-8:
82 83
gmllo. Opw ~wqllnul ~WlllWfHtwO Lnbqwzwpctbpli m tfmtf!nfl.Jnt~JnLQ
Cibp[!, ~u~ u~wf1wqpw~wQ pwnwq~lllnL~JmQu munuUiwu~pmll t tbq- gntmllli t pwn~ llb2: Pwnn tbqtt~· 01!~ I! pn4wQqw~m~JwQ ll~wuum~
4~ ll~ npl!t 2f12W(j~ pWDWL4W2WI1li nL PWDWJ~(j hwllw~wpq[f ~11 ~pn JnLO ~wqllnq ~llWUUlWJ~(j ll~w4np t, np(j mQ~ U1Wppbpw~t{w0 ~llWUUl
ll.nL~JnL(j(jbpn4 nL Op~liWiWtflnLj:JJOLliGI:ipn4: I! wli~wfl.J, ~QRQmflnLJG qnJnL~JmG:
.Pwnn pQm~wqf14mll t Qwl! nf1L4bu hwu~wgm~Jwli 0Jm~w~w
15
PUflt"l UU~l1UlJntl1C
Qwg4w0 wQ4wQmll : =iwu~wgm~jnLQ(j ~(jR(j~(j 4bflWQW~wQ, wu-
UJnL~W~w(j ijwpq t, nfln Qjm~w~wu ~wrtwQ~ t uLnwlintll tbqt{~
PwnwqJ'lmntpJwO ~wfll!npwqntJU flJOq~pQbpttg llb4n pwntt hli!nLJ~libflmll! Wllf1w4wJ4btn4 llbfl mrtbrtmll' qwnQmll llbfl q~Lnwij
gm~JwO lllWilfl[!:
tS2Qf1~Ul, q~Lnw~wQ uwhllwQmllu t, RWQtt n11 WJU wnmllnt{ Lbqttwpw-
Qm~JwO llb2 ~wli tnwppbp, lippbllli OntJO~u~ ~11Wflwllbpct tnbuw~blll· Pwnn pwnwJ~U llw4wf1qw4~ ~09Gmf1nLJO ll~w4nf1 t: UJU wnm-
Qbp nt ollpnQmllObp: t"lli!L4bu O~wtnbL t nmu Lbqttwpwli 'll. lJ. tbun- llmt l!u WJ(j U1Wf1plif1Ltnul t I!' Ol!ntj~Ubfl~Q. I!' uwfl.Jwqwum~jmQbjl~Q.
40. pwn~ uwhllwOilwQ hwpg[! 2WI1mQw~mll t llOwt WJctllbw~wQ m RWli~ nf1 lll!mJ~li WJL 4bf1L4 !~ ~Wflnrt hw(iqbu QWL, RWU "f1L4bu pwn
h[lWU\WU~, 9wO~ np qbnlau !~W pwn~ uwhllwOJJwQ WJQL4ttu~ llnLnb- ~wll pwn~ PWI'\W'lll~!. ~u~ ~flw~wQ liwfl.Jwqwum~JmliQ WJL ~bfl~ qn-
gmli La cllaw~bf1L4ntll, np pw4wflwfl~ bpb nt pntnfl~O. qn(ib LbqttwpwQ- JnL~JmG !ntli~. Rwu ll~wJQ fl.Jnug~ llb2, ll~utqbn pwnn qnJnt~Jmu mQ~
Qbfl~ llb6 llwu~Q: hbug ~(j9Q~(i, f1Jnu9~9 qmpu I! Gflwu~g wli~wfl.J:
UJOmwllbQwjQ~Lt. b~b oOqhw0f1WQlibQR pwn~ uwhllwOilw(i llw- Pwn~ ijwpl!nfl hwlll~w(i~2Ubf1~9 llbij(i tL Opw qnf10wnwijw[i w-
u~(j brtwO U1Wf1pbp llmnbgmlllibpO m [!llpnlimllObp[!, ~wpnq bOR 02bL nwOliOwhwLnijm~JmGu t. WJU~uR{j WJO, np f1Jnu9~ llb2 hwuqbu t qw-
pwn~ uwhllwullwO ll~ .RWQ~ ijwplanfl I! twijwO hwtn~wli~20bf1: 'Uwfl.J' L~U "f1L4bu Owfl.Jwqwum~JWU w(iqwll:
pwn~ WDW2lt(i I! ~wpl!njl hwU1~w(j~2[! Qpw Wf1U1WR~(j hO!JntUW~WU tau1t.4bu QijwLnbt t w~wq. tl'}. UrtWJWOIJ, «l2bf1w~wuwijwQ Lnbuw-
~wq_d.Q t. OflW hO!JmOwijwu lll!w4np4wOmpJmun: Pwn~ wpU1WE~Q ijblll~g UWflJUJI'}WUnL~jWQ llb5! pWiliJ ijWf1nll. t nj1L4bU UWflJWI'}WUnL~
hli!JnLCiwijwCi ~wqllo WJO hu!JmOQ t 4wll hOumliw4wO ~wL4w~gm~ JlUU wOqwll hwQI'}bu QWL ijwll n!. uwijwJu I'}W !~ lJlnfl.Jmll Qflw pwnw-
JnLli[!, npo npl!t ~llwul.ll ~wll u2wOwijm~JnLli t wpLnwhWJLnntll, ~U! J~li punLJp[! I! qnf10wnwijwli plimpwq~fl[!. 4wf1l!nf1u WJO t. nf1 wllbfi ll~
L4bu wubCig n1-Q llb4 hliumO t, pWJQ m(i~ ~liROmpnLJli pwnwJ~O Wfl· pwn wqwlllnpb(i ~Wflnrt t qnf10w04bL f1Jnu9~ llb2 "f1L4bu ~uROntflnLJli
ctbR. t-O llb~ hO!JmQ t. PWJQ mO~ twlj, bf1pbll0 Owl! Uuuujw6 pwn~ ~ ll~wtlnp' WllWlig ll~ WJL pWil~ ijgnpl'} I'}WilUWLnL, ~(j!l.llbU op~Qwij ijw-
llwutn, lJwll' UlnLU, 6wn, UWflfl., JlUJf/.WJl La wnu: Pwn~ bp~fl"ll'l L4bp(j bu (liwflJ'l~lllibpO m OwflJW'lllnLPJntOlibp[!): UJO pntnfl pwnbp[!,
~wpl!np hwUl4w0~2[! GflW ObpR~(j pn4WUI'}WijWJ~U ijwqllu t ijwll pw- n~nQE fl.JnuR~ llb2 qnp0w04ntll bQ ~ppl! ~uROmpmJli ll~w4nf10bp,
n~llwutno: 3mf1WRWQ!Jmf1 Mumo ~wll hO!Jmfiw~wQ ~WL4W~gm~ PWJQ Owfl.Jwl'}wum~JWO wOI'}wll !bO, ~Q!1.4bu 4n!w4w0 pwnbfl[!, ll~-
JnLQ ~btng t ntubOw ~llwutn, pnttwul'}wijnt~Jmli, lifl WflLnWhWJlll~ 2Wfl~nLpJm0Qbfl[!, 2WI'\4WL40bp[! I! WJLli. 2Wf1WhJntuwijwO ll~wLtnf10bf1
2f12WL4Wlllnrt ~pwijwumpjwQ npl!t wnwptpa, bplanLJp, qnf10nrtnt~Jm0, bO, ntUUl~ I! ~Wflnrt bO pOntpWQfltlbL ~liROntpntJO qnpOwOmpjwllp
hwlll~wQ~z ~wll [!01'}hwQpwL4bu npl!t hwu~wgmpJmli: UJUL4bu' b~b f1Jnu9~ llb2 ijwll WJL 4b11L4. 2WI1Whjmuwijw(i llw~Wfl'lW4ntll» 16 :
m m 0 hOumow~wL4w4gntpJnLUIJ li2wliw~mll t U'lbl'\, pOw4wLtwJp, UflLnwuwuw~w(i Lnbuw~blll~Q pwnn plimpwqptlmll t "f1L4bu Wfl·
w~w U7, u, m' hli!Jntuubp~ lJWL4W~gntpjntU[! nplat ~llWUUl !ntD~. LnwuwOwijw(i ll~wulimpjntO mubgnq hli!JntU ijwll hliumOwfl.Jmllp,
ntjlbllU pWD !l, ijwll' JlW{J, UWD, JlUlf/.WJl, WJQ/1 '-' WJLO: wO~wflJ pwn~ llb2 brtwO hli!JmQQbfl~ ~wll Ltwli~bfl~ RWOwij~g. pwnu
ntflbllli pWil[! WJQRwlin4 t pwn, njlgWOntt njl ~llWUUl nt~jl. WplllUIUWu4ntll t np1.4bu WI1U1Wuwliw~w[j 21'\PWJ~ WQWUll~(i, ~090nL
h0UnL[J(jbf1~ wQ~llWUlll ~WUjWlfgnLPJIUU(ibpfl' pwllbfl !b(j hwllwf14nt'll: (InLJ0 hwLnttwO: UpLnwuwOwijwO Lntuwli.LumO~g pwn~ WJ'l w~H-tliO-
Pwn~ ~llWUUl[! ~f1WijwQmpjw0 WJU ijwll WJU bplinLJP~ (wnwpijw-
J~, hWLnijw(i~z~. hwpwpbpntpjwli, brtbLnLJJJW0, ~llnrtntJJJWU) Wf1U1W-
St'u t11. UI'J.WJWu, I!u!lhwumfl u hwJ4w4wu pwnwq~LilnL~Jndi, t., 1984~ .• tp 9:
15
R4 '' Sb'u u2~. W2tu-. tp 10:
85
pWDWJ~O ~llwulll~g. WJ0U4bu u w(ilfwtu, ~O!!OmrmLJO qnpOwompJm-
O~g: UJil wnmllmt pwnbp[! pwdwOqmll b(i bp~m tuLlp~· OJnlpwlfwO ~
llwulll u ~(igQmpmJ(i qnpOwOnLpJmO mObgnq pwnbp u 0Jmpw~wfi ~llwu
Ul~g m ~(igumpnLJO qnpOwompJnlOjlg qmp~ pwnbp: lbql!wpwfimpJwO
dbp l')flwOg hwtSwtu ~nttlmll b(i Qwu L~~llwulll u pbp~llwulll pwnbp:
L~~llWUUI bfi WJO pwnbp[!, npnfig m(ib(i ~QgQmpmJO pwnwJ~fi ~
dwull1, wOqwfinLil b(i wnwp~w. qnponqmpJnLO, hwlll~wO~z. 2112W-
l4Wll1nq ~pwlfwOnLpJwC. qwQwqwO hwpwpbpmpJmfiQbp u hwOilbu bfi
QWL~U npU4bu OwtuwllwumpjwO w(illwll: l~~llwull1 bfi qnJw~w(i, w-
ow~·wo. pqw~wQ, PWJ, llw~pwj, l'}bpwfim(j tunug~ llwubp[!, ~O!l4bu'
UWflfJ, 6wn, Q/1{12, fJGf]/11i, qwliWj, QOfJbg/1q, JWl/, l/WUI, tfbq, G{lqnt,
euwli, IIWflfJWJ, Gf1QbJ, l/wqbJ, junubf, WfiWQ, fJWiifJWfJ, hwlfwju, bp-
pfltfli, flu, fJnL, tffJiie. WjU, WjfJ u WJLO:
labp~aWUUI ~wll UtqWUWp~m pwnbp[!, tOWjWO m(ib(j J.!WilWj~Q
~figfinLpmJO c}t., J.!WJQ wQqwQnqw~wQ !lbp, fiJmpw~wfi ~llwull1 tm-
(ibQ, qnpO b(i w6qnul L~~llwulll pwnbp~ hblll u wpll1WhWJlllnLll bfi qw;
fiwqwQ gbpw~w(iw~wQ hwpwpbpnLpJmfifibp: UJu ~wpq~ pwnbp£!
c}t.wpwQw~wfi ~nltJntumpJmfi(ibp~ tbO b(ipwp~qmll, tbfi hntntlqnLil,
!bfi tunfiwphqmll u OwtuWI'}WUnLpjwfi llbp ~(ig(inqlnLJfi zwpwhjnLUW-
~w(j tqwzlllnO tmfibQ: UQzmzlll, WJU pwnbpQ mQb(i pwnwJ~O ~llwulll,
pwJg lll'lWfiR WllWI'l~WJW~wQ m ~nQ~pbll1 tbfi, WJL [!OI'}hwOmp bQ' ,eb-
pwlfwQw~wQ ~wll qbpwpbpwlfwfi: ICJbp~llwulll ~wll u1.4wuwp~m pw-
nbp[! pwctwOqnLil bQ bn~m fullp~: Unw2~0 tullp~ Llb2 llll1fimll b(i ~w
l4bpQ nt:· zwq~Wl4fibp[!, npn(jg Wl'llllWhWjlllnLll bfi (!QI'}hWOnLp, qbpw-
gw~w(j ~llwulllfibp, ~011.4bu' tlwu/11i, hwtlwf1, fJGJJi/1, n{l, n{IJJjiJuq/1, b-
pb, ~u~ bp~pnp!l iullp~ llb2 llll10nul bQ bqw(iw~wqnpnq pw11bp[) (qb-
pwpbpw~wfiOb!l[!), 'npnQg Wl'1ll1WhWJlllnLll b(i llll1w0w~wQ u I'}Wllln-
qw~wQ tlbpwpbflOoinQgQbp, qqwgllmQ,eQbp t. wnwOMw1.4bu llbO lllbq
tbO qpw4mll llbp Lbqq~ pLUI1Wl4WZWI1nLil, ~O!l4bu' q.mgb, /1hw{1qb,
hwl/wliwpwf1, wli2flllUI, w]u, l/W]u, hbj, l//11 u WJLfi: UJu tullp~ pw-
nbp[! uu npnzw~~ pbpw~wfiw~wQ ~wpq.bpnq !b(i ll1Wppbpw~qmll,
l!uwpwfiw~wfi lftnlftntumpJmOfibp~ 1bfi b(ipwp~qmll, mull1~ WJU wnm-
llnq uu lllWppbflllmll bO fiJmpw~wQ ~llwull1 mfibgnq tunug~ llwubp~g:
U11wfil!~O tumllp bfi ~wqllmll Qwu WJUl4bu ~n!qwO pfiwc}wJOw-
lfwO pwnbp[!, npnQe llWI'llllfwfig pwgw~wfitmPJnLGfibp~. pfinLPJWU
bpt.mJpObp~ m w11wp~wfibp~. ~b(illwfi~fibp~. PlltmOQbp~ llwJObp~.
87
lf~!bl'l~ WI1111WhwJI11nL~Jm00bp bO: Cu111 =ln. UtSwnJwo~· hwJb!'lbO pOw- ~wqlln: t.nwOg ll~2LL 111W!1Pb!'lmpJm00 WJliewO tOt~li t. nn !~
~wJOw~wO I!WDbl'l[! ~wqllqnul bO WJ'l Wl'lllWIIl~ ~!1~0nLpjWilp, ~01- fuwfutml,nLil pwnwj~O llltlJWL ll~wqn11~ ll~wuOmpjnLO[!: uzqw6 qnLqwhtm
~l.Lb!'l[! pwnwj~O 111W!1Pbl'lw~Obn bO l.L h~llOw~wOnLil nLObfl hfi!JnLfiW-
l4bu' zzmlt. zzmOp, zwfbf, zwnwfbf, pqqwf, QLQLWf, "'"'wgObt.
J~[I-mrtrtWQ.I'IW4Wil 111W!1Pbl'lnL~jm0ubn, bnpbll(j uwl.L· ebi'IW~wflw
6l/6l/Wf, /unJunpbf, dw}bf, d[wl/bt. cnqqw[, flwf7"Wfb[, q0quli1Wf h
~wu, Ol.LwpwOw~wfl, ~Otl4bu· fJWf7UJWU - fJWf7pwu. QbfJ.Qbf/.WL - qb!J.·
wnO: =lwJb!'lb0nu1 pOw~wJOw~wO pwnb11~ pflqn hwuOmll t 1ln111 200-
QbfJ.bf, gwl/bL - gwl/Wf, gwOn - gwOnu. Of7n{7w0 - Of7f7WO, bf7bUWUJw-
~: UJ'l tullp~ "1'1"2 pwnbp ftrlbOg qmqwhbn0b!10 mObO Owl.L h0flb4!1n-
Uibf - bf7bUUJWtnb[, .·~npdf7pwf - dnpdapwf, Wf7Jnt0w0bf7/;- w{70w0bf7/;
l4W~w0 ll~ 2WI19 gbrtw~~g tbqmObnmll l.L hw~wOwpwn Owqmll bli
LL wnfl:
OwfuWL bq q~g:
PwnwJ~O 111W!1Pbnw~Obn ~wnnrt bO wnw2wflwL flwl.L W!'lllbLw-
hwJ, wpl.LiltnwhwJ, ~li11..4bu Owh q.11w~wO Lbqq~ La pwppwnwjpO n-
L"I'IIIllib!'lmll, ~Otl4bu' Wf - Wfl!, oba- oban. wOb[ -!JOb[, [/JOb[ - tJL-
t"O!l4bU Wl'lllb(j Oz~bL t. pwo~ ahl! Opw hO!nLJPWJ~U ~wqllO t, [W[, W(7pb[ - hw(7f}b[ l.L WJLO:
h0!Jm00bn~ WJO ~Wl4W4gmpjnLOQ, npO ~llwu111 t W!1111WhWj111nUl:
Pwn~ mrt~rt Olan Onw bLw~blllWJ~O ~l.Lri t ~wtl pwgwp~w~ ~LLn. npn
pwnw~l.Lbp~ hwnwgmgwj~O 2WI'IR~ wnw2~0 ~wll bLW~blllwJtiO ~laO t:
UJUl4bu' I1Wjf7, I!W!J.WI!, own ~l.Lbpn WJil pwnbp~ nLrt~rtf'pwgwp~w~
~labnO bO, WJU~OeO qnjw~w(j~ nLflflW~w(j hnLnl!w~LLbnn: nLrtflW~WO
hnLnq~ Ol&bN! qnJw~wOft pWgwJ1aw~ ~wll bLWilbanWJ~fi aL.bpfi bli:
PwJ~ bLUJttbtnwJflO OWlflt! wunnn2 flbnpwJ~ ~ubnO bO, ofliJiiwt( Q11bt.
l{W{7fJ.W[, bf1qb[ L. WJLO:
Pwn~ ntrtJ'Ul ~wll wGLflnaflntu ~l.LIJ Onw pmO, bLw~btnWJ~O OLafi t.
n!'l[! la ~n1qnuJ t pWilnLjp:
Pwnbp[! funue~ llb2 bOpwp~qnul bO OlawpwOw~wO tnWJ1Pbl1
pOmJp~ lf!n~nfumpJmOObnfl. qnJW~wOGbJln hnLntf.lt.nul bO, ~u~ pwJb-
1'11] tunOwphqmll: UJul4bu' I!Wf/.WI! pwnn hnLml~bL~U ~wpnrt t LftUbL
I!Wf[WI!/J, I!W!J.WI!flU, I!Wf[WI!/79, I!W!J.WI!nl/.I!Wf[WI!nHJ. 1!Wf[W1!0/Jf1ft
l.L WJLO: uzqwO Ol.LwttJnfunLpJmOObpflg JmnwewO!JnLI'IIJ llb4 ebi1W4W-
Ow4w0 Ol.L t: UnwO~g pfumll t. nn·pwnO flpw~wOnul mO~ n! pb llb~.
WJL pwqllwptnt ~labn: '4wll' qf7bL J!Wnn 1\llW~wri ~wll dfulllw~wO tun-
Owrr·MwO flbl4emll ~wnnrt t ntObOwL 87 ~wll 167 Ola: Uhw ll~l.L£inLJO
pwn~ l'lnLnLI.IlwO ~wll tunOwphllli.iD (ll.Lbfln WplllwlfuJ]Uil{nLil bO ebflw-
~wow~w(j hwllwl4w111wutuwO tlwufi~~Obn.nl{ ~wll ~l.LmJpObnn~ (hn-
Lnqllwli, tunOwnhllwO ~bn2wLf.nflmpJntOubnnq l.L hnllbflnl[):
t'lpnla OmJli pwn~ 111WI1Pbl'l W!1111WhwJI11nLpJnL00bp' pwnnLJpubp!i
nL pwnw~hbpn ~wnnrt bO mObuwL ~nbug U1wpw111buw~Ob11n ~wll
111WI1Pbi1W~Ubf1Q, nnnOR ~fiWI'I~Q ~wnnrt tO lllWI'IPbpl[bL hU!JnLUWJ~li
wliuzw(j ttJnlflntunL~jwllp: UnwOR nLObO hwllWJlJW unLJU ~~nLJPWJ~li
88 89
Pwu~ pwuwJ~U ~llwul1l[! l1llUWL pwn~ ul:i11. ~dwutnu t. lirJW pw-
llWrJW!'.iWJ~li ~llwul1l[!,nrJ WrJLnWhWJl1lnLil t nrJI.at ~rJnllnLpJmO: UJUL4bu'
«nLUWUflf]» pwn~ (il:iij, pWilWrJWliWJ~(i ~liWUUlU t. «l:ifi/JUIWUWflfJ, np
~uuusu~uLntrasntt. umfnflnul t pwf!dfiWQ.nLJU munuluwqwu hwuUiwUimp;mOnul», «WfR»
pwu~uo· «UII:iunrzmp;wu q.nJIGWfiWU», ftl:iflwl{ll pwn~lio· «ilwflilu/1 Wfl·
J"ldwumwpw£inLpjnL£i[! pwnwq~U'InLPJWU WJU pwd~(j(j t, nnu m- jnLUWUIWfl /unf]nt.fwq, nf!nt/ WfljnLUIJ q.umil t fJI:iU//1 U/1/IUI/J», ftWU/fiOi,
pwn~litf {fi{IJOfJWU/1 i/1UIJf» La wn(i:
umll(iwu~nnul t pwnl:irJ~ La 'lWf1~4wOJ2ul:in~ ~liwumwJ~G hwllw4wrJq[!,
lf~lit'lbn pwn~ Rbnw~wOw~wO ~dWUUl(! lirJw QU'lhwlimrJ ~
l4WrJqwpw£inul pwn~llwul1l~ hl:il1l 4w1.44w0 P"L"rJ ~nn 11 mp 1 muutno.
liwulllO t. nrJ[! pOnrJnz t nt li~WJO lllttJWL pwn~O. WJLI.a ~n4JWL pwnwtuoll-
QnLJQ l1lWL~u pwn~llwulllwJflO tPntPntum~Jmliul:i(lu nt ml:iqwzwndtnn:
p~O [!lillhWU1iWL4hU: I"Otu.jl:iu' «nLUWUnf]» pwn~ £?hrJw4w0w4wli
Pwn~ PWDWJ~O ~dWUIIl[! pwnt. pn4wli'lW4nLPJnLUli t, UflW
~ilWUUlU Wj(i t. n[l QnLJQ t l1lWL~U WllWrJ~W, bqw4~ P~4 t, nUV\W4W~
hOnmOw4wu 4wqll~ La 2f12WUjWl1lnf1 ~rnu4wOmf')JWli wnwrJ4WJ~.
hntn4. w0nrJn2 wnmll, La WJU hw~n4wO~z01:irJ[!, nrJ 4nt4nul l:iO Owla ~l:i
l:ifllanLJP~. hwl1l~wu~z~ ll~pla l:iqwa hwrJWPI:inmpJmlio: Pwn~ pw 11 w 1 ~o
rJW4wOw4wO 4WrJql:irJ, hwl1lm4 l:iO Owla awn, RWfl, fJnf.Q La [!OilhW0rJW-
~llWUUl[! l1llUWLLI:iq4n4 tununq hwunmpJwli q~l1lw4gmpJwli lil:i2 wll-
nwg4w0 ~rJW4WlinLpjW0 WllWrJ4WJ~, l:irJI.anLj~~ li4Wl1lilWilp m(ibgwa l4bU lillwG 4wnq~ pntnrJ qnJw4wOOI:in~O. 4wll· «0t//1f1lif11 pwn~ pwnw-
J~O ~tiWUillli WJO t, nrJ 02w0w4mll t «illJqpu lip pw{j UIWf, U/WfiQ.iAIJJ»,
pwu~ 4bnwpbf1mpJmGG t. O(lw hwllwl4Wl1lwutuwOmpJmO[!: Pwn~
PWilWJ~(j ~ilWUUl~ tw4wG wnwG~uwhWl1l4nLPJnL0G WJO t, nrJ pwn[!' ~u4 GrJw nOilhwGmrJ, ~bnw4wGw~wO ~llwulll[! qnnonflnLPJnLli gnLJg
~Pilla tbq4w4wG ll~w4nrJ, ~rJ pwDwJ~G ~llwulJl~ hwllwrJ hwnwpb- l1lWL G t. nrJ ~wnnfl t mOI:iGwL ubn~. 'll:ill~~. P4~. dwllwliw4~ La WJL ~b
rJW4g4mll t Wl"l1lWLI:iQ4WJ~li UJmp~· OpJI:i4Ul~4 ~frw4wGmpJwG w- nw4wGw4wO hwl1l4wO~zGI:irJ, nnnli~ [!OilhWUrJWL4bu pOnnnz bG pwJ
nwn4wGbn~ La tnlamJpGbn~ hl:im: UJ'l 4hi12~GGI:inu hwu4wgmpJwG tunue~ liwu~G:
zGn(lh~4 w(ill~pw4wGnnl:i£i llWil£inLil l:i(i pwn~llWUill~ PW!lW'lflW· ,wJbrl:iG~ pwnw1.4w2wrJ~ qbpw4z~n llwun 4wqllnull:ili L~~dwmn
17
lllWrJI" ; pwD.I:iJl[!, nnnug h~liuw4wu wnwO~Gwhwtn~nLPJnLU[! wG4wGn11w4w~
,l:i£i4btn4 pwnl:i11~ ~llWUUl£ibl"~ 'lWUW4WrJqliw(j lnWilJ:!I:ill hWUl· (Gnll~GWill~4) 'll:ill(j t, ll~U!Ill:ill WJL t fbl"~dWUIIl 4wll ULqWUWJl~nL J!W·
4wli~zGb!l~ la llnml:igmll£il:i11~ 411w· t11. UijWJWU[! L11WL~U t pwn~llwu D.bJ'I~ pOmJp[!: UJu pwnbrJ[! GmJua.ql:iu nnnzw~~ J!WilWJ~G ~liwu~n m-
l1l~ hbllllaJWL uwhllwOmll[!. «J:!wn~liWUUl[! pwn~ ~llWUlll£i t, wG4wtu Otu, uw4WJU UrJWUJ2 4w1.44wa tl:iG Opjl:i~lll~4 ~nw4wGmpJWU hl:itn,
WJU pw£i~g, pl:i WJ'l ~llwul1l[! hwu4wgmpJmG t, hwu4wgmpjm£i£il:in~£i tmObu WllWrJ4WJw4wG, 4n04fll:illl ~liwul11 La L~~liwulll pwnl:irJ~g lnWrJ-
hw,wpbnw4g4nll 41:inwpl:i!lllm£iJ2, qqwgllmG~. pl:i ll~wJ£i n11lat J2l:iflw- pl:irJ4mll l:i(i UrJWlin4. np Ul.4WUWJ14m pwnl:irJ~ ~tlwulll[! nt pl:i 4nG4!11:iUl
4wGw4wG ~liWUUl»: h4 WL4W w4bLWQ£imll' «CUL11 WJ'lli' wGtul1l~ll pn- t. WJL • [!UI)hwOmrJ:
l"l" pwnl:i11G m£il:i(i pwn~llwuUl: PwnwJ~{i ~llwUUl[! WJU pwn~liwulJl(i t Un4nrJwpwn l1lWI1Plil"w4ntli b(i Gwla pwn~ pwnwJ~G ~liwulll~ l:ifl4m
4wll pwn~ WJUL4~U~ ~liWUUl[!, nrJ~ h~ll£?[! WllWI14WJ~, hwl114WG~z~ La fullpl:irJ' mqqw~~ 4wll w['j4wOw~wu ~dwum La 'lWf1ll4wbwpwunnl:ili
WJL£i~ hwu4wgmpJm£iG t: l"pnla WJ'lLq~u~(i· pwnwJ~li ~liwutn[! lf1Wil- ~wa.q4w6' ~dWUlll, ~litl.41:iU Gwla' pWD~ WDWI14WJW~WU (~Jlbi'J.bO), WOWli·
pl:i!lw44wa ~llwul1l t La ~11 lll:ip 411mll t Gwla wnwrJ4WJ~ hwl114w£i~ 2 ~. gWj~O, 4.bnwgw~wo La pwOllpwgw~w['j, h~duw~wli, bf1~11"J'Ir}W~W£i,
19
qnnaoGpwgmpJw£i, hwl1l4wG~2~ La wnG~, wn 41:inuf qnJw4wG~. w- lf1ntuwpbnw~wo, ~wmiSwnwpwul{wb, ~nqd£iw~~ Lawn ~llwumot,:
aw4wG~, pl{w4wG~. llw4pWj~. PWJ~ tunuJ2~ilWUWJ~{i Mwumo» 18 : Pwn~ w04,w£iw~w(i 4wll nLf\11W4~ ~liwumG WJG ~liwumG t, np
w(ill~2w4wunnbli 4w1.44wa t llbq 2112WL4Wl1ln'l ~l"w4wGmpJWG w-
nw,4w£ibrJ~ La tnlamJpGI:irJ~ wnl1lwgntllw(i hbl1l La L4WJilwGw4nn4wO t
uJ) P.nLO hwJhl1bli L. lflntuwnJWL pwllbl1n4.' pw0wubf7 - .f:lftlntnq, UJu~bu' tpb gwli4wgw6' tunu,EW2WI1nLll U/WU1mhw0 L. fnww-
~l:tliuwpwlintpjmli - pftnf nqftw, wl.ifwpwuwl; - thf1f7wd; qnf7U00pwg - llmw, hmf7 L. /;{7W/; linLJUWli~zlibfl£! l.jw11n11. bG llbl.j[! lljmu~u tflntuUJI1~
Uftrnghu, qnf/rJwnntJP .f:JmOI;gftw, fnffrll- U/nd/1fJnf7, dwf7QWfJW2ll1- libt, w~w llwq pwn~ hl:if7, tfwf7u, qliu, qwll, q.liqd, pnLf7fJ, dwfl, UU1h.
UUIUJf].frnli L. WJLli: . hwllwli~2 OL.tnu ~11w11 !bu ~w11n11. lflntuwi1~Gbt. ,Ewli~ n11 u11wlig~g
p) Qpwl.jw(i tbq4.~ L. PWI1PWilWJ~li pwnbp~g. 2nlf7P- 2f7PnLUJJ- JnLI1W.EWU!Jnti1D n11.Ewli tL [!lil'lhwliml1 wnllwllp <<llwq>> t li2Wlil,l.Jl.jmll,
IJ.f11n;, hnt//11/- tnpwO, Ofthw{7 -[f}Wf7, hwdpntf7l1t- U/Wflit L. wnli: pwjg l'li1Wlig~g JnLI1W.PWli!JnLI1li w[iLj_w(imll t llwq~ ll~ 111buwl.j L. mu~
q.) dwllllllili.ll.jwl.j~g QI1Wl.jwli hwJbl1bli~ L. QI1WPWI1Jwd_ pwnb11n4. ~UWUltiWJ~U ~11 liflpbi1WliQ[), ~(jgqbu' hli{7 qbi1WPbl1ntll t ll~WJU llWI1-
W/ip/1/;- fJhllllllfl, fullbf - DUU/U[, hWUWf7- hwum[i L. WJLli: I)nL QLtu~ llwqb11~u. tfwf7u· l.jwliwfig QLtu~ b11L!w11 llwqb11li bu. dwu·
ll) U11ubtwhwJ L. W11L.ll111whwJ QI1Wl.jwli tbqmlibl1~li hw111ml.j pw- l.jwuwug hJmuwo llwqu L. hJnLU.Ebl1~9 JnLI1W.EWCI!JnLI11J. pntf7fJ.' l.jwp-
nbl1n4.. qliqbg/11;- Wf}t/nf7, wllmuftO- 1{7/1/;, t/1wl;lit - qnglif, Ul1//1111wl;- (iwumlilibl1~. wnw4.bLWIJ.{bu n1tuw11~ llwq l.jwll tumqwo llwq, qb11.ll'
ffl:i{7ilw/;, lllf}W -UWUf L. WJLli: n1tuw11tJ [!fil1l~ll PnLI11). dwf7 · dftm pw2/1 h. Ulntft llwq, uwi.J' mqw/7
b) ~wllwl'lflwl.jw(i L. 4bl1tm6wl.jwli PWI1f111Lpjmlilibl1n4. U/Wflb[ - U/Wf7 /;w{7tf m pwf7w/; lfwq, l;wd Junqft l;n;w m t/1;wullw0 llwqo L. wJLfi:
Q.Wf, iwf - [ wg ffrUlif, wuglibf - wug l;bliwf, pwglif - pwg wli/;f L. WJL li: LbqLj_wpwliw~wli QI1Wl.jwunLFJJWli llt2 [!lil)mliLj_wo t liwL. hnllw-
ni1.EWli tL linLjliUJli~2libl1(i ~11b(ig ~llwul1ln4. limjliwl.jw(i L~(ib(i, WJ- (j~zlibl1~ l)wuwl.jw11qllwli WJL ul.jqpmli,Elit11:
limwllbliwjli~4. ~li1-n11 !Wlf'!nt! (pbl.jmq wlili2wli) 111WI1Pbllqmll b(i tq. Ull.WJwliu h~lluwl.jwlimll lizmll t hnllwli~z0bl1~ ~llwu111wpw
ll~lljwGg~g: bij ~U!U{bu dwllwliwl.j~(i fil.jwltlbL t U~.E- 'Lwtpwuruwfio. liwl.jwli, qn116'wnw~wu-n6w~wli L. l.jwl.l{wl.jgwl.jwu 111WI1PbrtnLI'}JnLli-
w2tuw11h~u t11tu~(j n1 Ll~ tbqLj_mll !4W bf1l.jm pwn, n11nG,E llwpbllwl11~ libl1, n11nli,E L~fimll bli' 6w4WLWJ~li. ltlbuwl.jwj~li. wul11~15'wfiw4wli,
l.jwpwl1 IS~2111 ll~L.linLJfi fi2wuwl.jmpjmfifi mlibuwu, fi11wfig~g JnLI1W- hwuttwgw~wu L. Wl1l1lWhWJI11!W4wli :
22
Ltmll bO ~L.wpwOw~wO qmq.w~ltmpjmOOb!l~ 11~2ngn4: UJUIJ.lbu' hnq.- flnLpJmG), tJG!IJ.lbU · pwf7bftwl1- fJlUwtlft, q.b!Jbgftlj - li7Q.bfJ, hw{1nwtl7 -
Gw~~~ ~wqllmpjwO l').biJ.l~mtl tl~WimJG pwno qmq.whbnwpwfl L,wrm'l t ii/J[,PUilJ7; hwpg - lqW!i!Wi.it'uWU, hfillnt. - i.Jm.n/7/t, /tUJ{!ff- bf7ftWf7, f!W[i0-
~wqlll{bL ~O!IJ.lbU' -li{1, -0b(1, WjOUjbu l.t D. wm. mOp, llwu0~~0b!ln4' f7WUWf - ftpu!Jt, U/Jf7bf · Wlnbf, lf/72lfl- U/lJWf, :1/fii.UQ. - fJWUIJWfJ, l/{1W-
Q.jflUJWgft - Q.JflliJWgftub{1 - Q.jflliJWgftp, ll7fJW - ll7fJWUb{1 - ll7fJbf1p, U{W- U7W/.t L. wnG:
{1flU -U{W{1flUU/i{1- fi/W{IflUWJp, tlwfJftft- tlwfJft/jub{1- tlwfJ/jmup L. WJLU: cttumLu~w[i bu WJU hwljwG~2Gbp[!, npnGg 2wr:pbp~ llb2 lltnGn11.
:;)ltwpwOw~wO hnllw0~2lib11 bO ~wql14mll Owl.& hntn4tlw0 l.t tun- PWI'J.WI').fl~!Gbp~g llbljo ctturnnul t. pwgwumll tljmu~ gm)g tn4w6
OwphllwO hwllw4w!lq.b!lmll, ~O!IJ.lbu' tJwq.nl'iJ ~ tJwq.nuJft- tJwq.tlwu, hwl11ljwG~2r wnljWJnL~JmGn: cttutnw~wG hwljwG~20bpo umtnpwpwp
Wjflft - WJflftft - Wj{lfll, dfllt}- dwtlft - dwtlqw, UjfllU ..t... UJWU - UjfllU/7, Ljwqul[nul bu wu, Wfi/, f}d, ll7, 1 dturnw~wu Gwtuwow0gubrn4. ~G!
W{ljfllU· WfljnLUnl/- WfljWtlp, Q.flbp - Q.{lbgbp, /Unubp- /Unubgbp, tlft' IJ.lbu' wquftt/- wuwquftl/, l/umwhbt/1 - wul/ull7whbtft. hwlfbtft- mhwlf,
qw{ltlwguft, tlft-qwf1tlwg{1m l.t WJL 0: qbfjligf//j - lflQ.I:JfJ, pW/lJli7Wl/fl{1 - WUpW/lJll7 - fJdpW/lJlfl, /jwtJbgnfj -
Cw!lWhjmuw~wli hmlwli~2lib1111 ltu mObli pwqllwiJ.l~U~ fllllultn- ;ltwtiL. wnO:
llnLI10b!l, ~O!IJ.lbu' u24wo qmJqbp~ llb2 wnw2~00bpo GbpljwJwgGnLll bG wnwpljwJ~
w) ub11q.npow~wO lt ~pwl{n11w4w0 ~WilnLJgOb!l, ~O!IJ.lbu' Uuwug ljw- Ljwtl hwtn~wG~2r 'li1W4wG, hwurnwrnwljwu pL.bno. G24w6 hwrnljw-
{1flli7U l fttl uftf1li7D tl7wupmtll.t Uuwug ftwf1nll7ftg fttl uftf1li7D ll7wupqmt1/: G~20bpmt upwOg odtn4wo l~ObLO. ll~Gi!ll:ill bp~pnflfl 2W!1~0 wptnw-
p) 'l11w~w0 L. dtutnw~wO ~wnmgl{wo~nl{ Owtuwl').wumpJmOGbp. hWJlllnLil t hwtn~w0f12Gbp~ pwgw~WJnLj:)JnLU[], !nLGb0WLO Ljwtl
vw WJIJ tlwuftu fi/ftll7/7 wubfll.t vw WJIJ tlwuftu 1ff7 /jwf7nfJ fWubJ: dtutnmuu [!UI').hwfii1Wl4bu: l">pbug llL.wpwGw~wG L. pwnw~wqllwljwG
q.) l::i!l~ll"ll'lW~wO Owtuwl').wumpjwllp 1.t l').b!lPWJW~wO I').WI1~4w6n4: wnw000whwtn40L~Jmuubrn4 hwljw0~20bpo L~Omll bO Omjliwpllwtn
UJu bflbtuwu, n{1 puwtJ /f1, wf1¢wgwq: PuwtJ bf7b/Uwu ulf1fJuwgwq: lL il1WjlWI'IliWll1:
'l) 0Lrt~'l 1.t wGmqqw~~ tunu~b11n4 ~wnmg4wo Owtuwl').wump- umjUW{IUWll'i bG Wjl:i hwljwG~2Ubfl[l, npnGg L,wqtlmll Ljw
JnL00b!l. U2nll1u wuwg. «bu fbu /jwf1nfJ tlwuuwljgbJ WJf hwufJbuftu» u wnu4wqO llb~ [!OflhwOmp wpowtn (OL.mJJ'}), np~G w4bLwgGbtn4 npL.t WJL
U2nll1u wuwg, nf1 ftupo 1/1 /jwf1nfJ tlwuuwljglit WJIJ hwufJ/iuftu: ~L.nLJf} (wpuwtn ~wll wowug)' utnwGmll bG~ GnLJGwpllwtn hw~wli~z
CwpwhjmuwL,wO hntlwG~2ubnG wptnwhwjtnl{mtl bO OwL. ll~wL,wqtl l:ibp~ 2Wflf!, ~U!IJ.lbu' hw6lith - U7hwlf, fJnLf7liftwu - wuqmf7, qftmmu -
l.t b!l~~wqll, pb11~. ll1~4. wOI').bll L. rij111w4nll OwtuwumpjmOOb!l~ 11~2ngm{: wuq.bll7, q.bfj/igftlj - li7Q.G!], Pf7WQfll{1/j- Pf7WflWlfl, muw2liu- muwl/b(1,
UGf72UiGf - Wf7li7W2Uibf L. WJLU, ~WjllwGn4. np hw~WU~2Ub(l~ zwr~~
llb2 litnOnfl pwflW'l(l~!Ob[lO tl~l.tOnLJO tunu~~llwuwj~O IJ.lWtn4w0bLnL~
JnLli0 mGbOwO, gwGp np hwawtu ll~L.GnLJli wpllwtnn4 l.t dtutnwljwG w-
6wligGbpn4 Ljwqthtwa qmJqbpo hwljwu~2Gbp !bG L. !bG ~wrnljwGmll
ll~l.tOnLJU tunu{!~ uwu~G. ~U!IJ.lbu' ll7nLfi- wfill7mli, UG{1 - wliuli{1, l/W/u-
1
~ L. 'TJwn(jwuJw(j, CwpwhjnLuw4wli hmlwliflzlibp[! dwllwliw4w4pg WUI/W/'J, U/lf7U7- wuuf1f7U?l.t WJLU:
hwJI:ipb(jnLil, t;pL.w(j, 1970, t2 26:
104 105
~w~wQ~zQbp bO WDW2W0mll Owl.& WJO rJb~,Rbpnul, bpp rJPW~WG,
hui~!nWU1W~wG wOwugObp~ ljlnjuwpbG tlr4.mll bQ hw~wOtlz w6wQg- tJI;b R dftwuft{j fhwpqbliG lipwlig,
Obp, ~IJ!tii!iu' hmlw/Jftz - hwljwuftz, libtttbqt/wl;wfi - Wf11.11W[bqt/w- fl@lip uboymul bli, n1 pb nw1.11nul.
l;wfi, lili{IQWf/fJ- W{liflt.!HJWf1fJ, qmfiwt/n{l- WUQni)U 1.& WJLG: 6wnmd bli, pfiwt/ Jbli IJ?nwnwUJnuJ.
Swpwf1dwll1 hw~wii~zGtijlQ hw~wrJf1W~wQ WJO hw~wupzObnu flt/Rbfl!bli pnl;ntd n) pwanJnnhq,
bO, nnnO~ ~wqlll[mll bQ rnwppbf1 wpawmfibnnl[, ~Ot~bu' db6- t/ln.Rfl, flj f[li1Wf1Pbflntd wlinmlino dnnhq.
bpl;wp - pwpwl;. ntl ;m1.11, hbnm - dmnplj, pwlifJb[ -,2/lfibJ, u/lpbt - flt/Jlb{l Qf1WOfl1.11WOfi bfi OfipbpgnuJ,
flt/Rlifl eliwabli ubnwu bli t;wpunul:
WU70J 1.& WJLO:
~w~wO~zObnp 2Wf1J?O unl[npwpwp ~wqtll[mll t bp~m pwnbp!lg.
~wLtwO~zGbp~ hllllOw~wO 1.& 4wpunp n6w~w(i wpdb~u WJO t. np
nnnOp ll~I.&OmJfi hwU1~wupz~. bpl.&mu~~ hw~wrJfiii nnwltGbpG bQ 1.& ~nt OpwQg qnpOwOmpjWO zOnph!ll[ tunup!lllb2 UUlbrtOL[mll t hwltWrJpmn~:
L[mll bQ hw~wO~zwJ!lO qnLJqbf1: =iUJ/jUJIJ.flnLJ!Jl! (wfitn/lflbq} n!Sw~wQ WJU hGwpwOpQ t. bpp tunu-
~wLtwO~zObriJ t!lOnul bO Owl.& tbt:tl[w~w(i 1.& tunu,RwJ~O: Lbq,L[w- 9~ llb2 qn(10 bQ wOL[mll !lpwp hwltwrJ!lf1. pwgwunrt. llpwp Obphwlt
LtwO bQ wJO hw~w01lz0bf1[!, npnOp, wO~wtu llf1b0g hwllwU1b~uU1WJ!10 hWU1~WCI~z0bp, WllWf1~WQbp' ~pbQg hwllWUJWU1WUjuwQ hw~wO!lz
~~pummpjntO~g. wnwOg tunupwJ!lG llf1WrJPnLPJWU Wf1U1WhWJU1nul bO pwob(1nl[' rJf1WCinl[ ~u~ Wf1U1WhWjU1bLnl[ 1.& wl[bL!l gW)UlnLCI rJWpOQb-
hw~WrJ~P !lllLUUU10bp 1.& qOLU1 tbql[w~wO ~f1nrtntPJnL00bp bO, 110t~bu' tnl[ tununrtll (qnnrtll) l[bf1wpbf11lmQ~Q m qQwhwrnwLtwOo Ozl[wO w-
pwpdf1 - gwop, hwuUJ - pwpwl;, dba- ifmRfl, pwpdpwliwt - ftpfib[, hb- nwnLtwObp~. bf1UnLJpCibf1!1 m hwU1ltWO~zObp~ Oltwtnllwllp: Ullpnrt-
nm - dnU7ft/;, qbqbg/7/;- U7Qbf/, t/fiW- U7W/; 1.& WJLO: 2RLpJwllp hwltWrJPOLJP~ l[f1W t Ltwnmgl[wO !bp~lt~ «qwQqwtn[!»,
tunuewJ~O ~wll hwllwlllbJ!UlllWJ~O hw4wli~zGbp bQ ~wt:tllnul =lnl[h. C~nwq~· llnp[! Ql[~f1l[w0 hwOpwhWJLn pwOwuUlbrtOmp)mQ[!
wJO~ru~ pwnbp 1.& pwnw~l.&bp, npnOp pOJ!O~u. wnw06~Q l[bf1Qf1WO, (Ubp opnpngli f dw;pu, dbp U7Wli wdpngO f dw;pu) 1.& wnO: =lwdwtu
Lbql[w~wQ llwltWf1rJW~mll llf1WP hw~wrJ!lf1 ~rlwuU1Ubp tmObQ, PWJQ ll~I.&OnLJO hwllwU1bQuU1mll ~f1Wf1 hwLtwrJ~f1 pwnbp[! hwurJbu bQ qwL~U
npnz Lt!lpwompJmOObf1nul Obnp bu pbpnul !lllwulllWJ~O pwqllw~nu~ ll!lwuQwpwf1 ~ppl.& urnnpwrJwuwLtwO Ltw~wLtgmpjmO: UJU LtwnmJQ[!
bf1wGqwl[npmll0bf1, Wf1U1WhWJillmll hw~wQzwJ!lO qmJqbn: UJL ~bf1~ n~wLtwO ll~ pwOwqwru~mll t. np Ltntl[mll t OGuftdnpnli (pwnwg~ Ozw-
wuwo· tunupwJ~(i llw~wprJW~nuj hw~wOzmpJm(i bQ Obn,g pbpmll nt OwLtnLil t upwlli1U1 wlilltnmpJnLO):
llllwJO pwgwpOw~ wnmllnl[ ll!lllJwGg hw~w'lllf1 !lllwum WpU1whwU1nl\ O;u~lln(1n01! unatnrwLtwO hw~WrJf1nLpJmOObpll Wf1rJJmO,g tt. WJL
pwnbp, WJLU bf1pbllQ OnLjO~ult nrwp Q~wmllwllp hw4wqpwltw0 hw- WJOL4~U~ J!WDW4WllfWltgmpjntU t, Of111 PW'lWrJI1!1!0bf1[! tnpwtlwpwQn-
pwpbf1nLpjmQOt;p tmObgnrt pwnbp, pwnw~l.&bp m ~w~w~gnLpJnLO (lbQ ~pwp hwltw.rWI'I. hwliwtu Owl.& lllltlJWUg pwgwnnrt m wGhwrlw-
lib(1: nLpbllQ' junugwJilO bO Wj(i hwLtw0!1zCibf1Q, n(1n0g, wnw00110 tnbrtbL!l hw..n~w0112Qbp bO Wf1U1whwJrnmll, ~U!L4bu' wOuwhwgwu
4.bf1gpw0, tunueng rJmpu llllllJwOg mrtrtwLtnnpbQ hw~wQilz tbO u hw- dwhl;wfiwgnt, l;blif1UJli/l tlbnUJ6, WliWU1.11t/WU WU111t/WU, wOnq t//1JU7,
LtwOzmpJmO bG Obnp pbpmll tunu~n llbf pwnwJilCI npnzw~n Zf12w- . fJWO[J dutf1U7, tlwhwhpwt/lip[OnL/}jntO u wnO:
.,2s
~WU1nlll, nftn2W~Il hWllWU1bpUinnLu : OJ;!u~llnnnQ[! hwlS'wtu q.npO t wOL[mll qbrtwf1L[buU1wltw0 bp~b
tunu,gwJilO hwLtwOilzObpQ hwrn~wUJbU q.npOwOw~wQ bG qbrtwp- pmll nnUJbu tunumfi 1.& UJWU1ltbnwl[np L[bpuwq~f1. ~Ot~bu· Kl./zU7/1 6/1-
L[burnw~wG bp~bpntll, rJpwQnl[ ~u~ wl[bL~ bQ (iUfWUU1mtl tunupll hm- awq», «Ulidbq ubrzwt/npfilip», KliblifJwli/1 !J/Iwl;», ((/u/i[nGfi m hftdw-
qw~wQmpJWGQ m ~WUl~bp'-L!L[npnLpJWO[!: Uhw d~ hwml[wO tTl. Ul.&w- fi(J», «Rwqgp pmJli» 1.& WJLCI:
~~ twtllwOnJ!lQ. ~wLtwO~zObp[! q.bqw(1L[buU1w4wO bp4bnmll hwliwtu qnpO bQ wO-
L[mll Owl.& bpq~OwOQ, hnulnp uUlbf\Obtm Q~wUlwltnl[. ~lit~bu'
=inpu dbnGftli t;wpff m bpljwp, hwuUJ nc pwpwq tift t/llill1 l;wp: (=i. ta.)
;s Sb'u U. ttnJWU, liz!{. wztu. t2 157;
106
107
wl; (wOfui}. wq (wqm!J.p. Pfl/1 uqfrqp wauilfnt mbq). wq (pnUfl/1_ o-
n,wligp). hwpfl (6wtJ!;}. !I!Uf!/t (mmpp), hw(lf/ (2tii.Jp/1 l1Wf/l/). fJUJ{It!tJJti
(!JIHJ, tfwp} !1 r;wpt1w0 (hWf/11-i , _ , .___
swrwriluJm liwuwumGubflG wnw2wgt1 tu Lr•wppbf1 wpuwUluu-
~w~w(jmQubfiG WJG pwnbpu m J?l:il1w4wGwl.fwu dubflu bG, npnlie 11~9 L_ htu6UJtu tljlUimuhwl.jwfi hG!JntGwljwG qmq.Wil-PUJnLPJnLUUb!l bG
f\pbOg hGHmfiwljwG ljwqtlntt qrnLpJWl1p L. Wf1U1wuwumpJwllp GntJUU l.. 4wqLhjbt bfi ljw1l hGLJmGwljlnl-um~Jwu, ljw Li ~ntuwnm~JmGG.bpr
bO, PWJ9 ~pwppg lnWppbplj_mll bG WfllnLUhUJjU1WO ruwuU11Jbpmt: =ltu- hbL!lL.WGQntt. r(i~1.4bu· u!:ip (l.;wp/7 ub{l) b ubp (utp qqwgtlmlip), nmn
uw(im[i(ibp(} dwliwuwljwljpg Q-fiWljwG hwjbflb(j~ pwnWUjW2Wi1tJ (H,w- ffHilJJ?) t.. how rn1tuwliubpf: /mii tip). pwf (ll/11?c;) t.. pw[ (11/W{Twhwu-
JPU bG~wf"ullppCi lJ.!WlllljwGnll. pwnwJrfl ti~w4npiib110 bO l..llwuwljulflO. fl-huf l!':l[;tJ,- (qwomglif) 1! z/71}/Jf (q/10t/n{1w!.tw0 tfbf1Wf1/jnt}: ,
~nul bu U1Wppbp uljqpmu_putnn4. m Ulwppbp llnLnbgm!lubpm{: lwdwumuubr[! d1ilnu~ bu fJwL. pwnwgtipw4wGwl.jwu L. J2uru.u4w-
=lwllwGmuGbp[! tbq~wljwu [!Oflhwump ppnfJ.nL~JmuGbp bG L.. ljw· GwljwG: Pu.ID.WQb!1w4wGUJljLulj bG WJG hwdu.JGmuubp[!, npnGg ZWfli>P
pn11. bG trGbt pUj_U-!bU pwnwJrG. UJjUUjl:iu i.A Qb[H.u4wGwljwli· aL.wpw- Lib2 l.hnurlll. ptul"[lUifrtr~Gbp~g •JbllQ pGJ2GmpnLJU, wuljwtu ~wn t, pwnr
Gwljwfi m zwpwhJmuwljwG: mi1_Pll. aL., rul.J l'i;nwrf pwnr pbpwljwuwljwG aL., ruiUJbU 117nlf1 (qn{l-
UlibGpg WllW2 hwuwGmGGbp[! 11-WUWljW(lQ-l{mu bO [!UU1 oL.wljw[i tJftg) L_ liifli {1 (tnWf f!WJ/1 bqwq/7 h{IWUWjW/jWO[!), UJ.Ifl/1 (npp!JW}f1/7), L.
GnLJGm~JwO. lrumli bO Lllw~wmwn L. liwuuwljp: LtJwljwU1wp bu WJG WJflfr (WJfl pwn/1 utwwt;wu hnt ntjwdU.8) L. UJffl/1 (wJf1bf fJWJ/1 funUw{lh-
hwllwGmGGbp[!, npnGp ppbug llum.r l1 hGiJmGwljwG ljwqllmL L. Ljwo at.[!). WJQ./1 (11/WfllftliQ) 1.! WJQ./1 (WJQ. pwn/7 bqwqftubnwqwO hnfn-
q[lnL~jwllp m WfllllWUWUnLpjwUp Gnquwljw[i b[i, rG~Ujbu" hmn (pntj[l} lfwCJ!J}. W(l/1 (pwp) lA Wf7{1 (Q.W[ pWJ/1 hpwtlUJ}WqWOf!) ll WJLU:
L. hmn (njfuwpObp/1 fumtlp), ulip (uftpn qqwgllm0p1J) L. ul:ifl (ub(lntgl!, .~bpw~wuwljwu hwlhuumGGI:ip£! lirL.unqG lfwli Ulwnpbp pwnl:i11r
qwp/7 ubp), tJwpm (l1/WII7bf1wqll) iJ. dwpm (wtluwOmO): _gbpwljwGwl.jw(l aL.hrntl (hwtiwtu UUlu liwu0!"14GbpmD W!1U1WhWJU1-
lJwuOwljp bG WJU hwllwumuubfl[!, n[lnGJ2 OnLJOwljwG bG i.lpwJG 4_UJ0 hwliwGmOGbnG bG, ll-f1WUJ2 qnt.Ul pwnb[ljl pbpwljwuw~w[i aL.bp
wpmwuwGmpjwllp L. Ulwppbfl bG qpmpJwllp, 4wll GnLJGwljwu tiG bu ~U.Itl Gf1lj[ln(1fl-W4WG ol..nl]~!Jtr: ~WJO[lbGp qpbf, uftpbf, ti[iQbf L.
q(1m~jWJlp, pwjg U1Wf1PI:i!1 b[i WflUlWUWUnL~jwlip: [!UflhWUflWU.jbiJ b [unGw11hllwG UjWpq pwjbpp nul_pfl, blwljbU1wJrG
UplllWU wGmpjwllp unqG(}, pwjg Q-[1nLj3JWUp U1Wppbr hwuwumGGI::i- OUOfl[! ilpwctwuwuwl.j u.· wunnnz, L. 4W11.W~WulW[l !lbflpWJUI:ipp aub!l
11(1 ljn~~nul tO hwtlwhmO!. pG~Ujbu' wuqwpr; (qwpf]/lg qmpq) L. w!Jqwpp tG uljwqumu bG gbpwljwOwljwu hwuwOmGGbp~ ZWfli>l}:
(wOqwppOb[/1, jQWflpOnrz), wOO!J (of)wqmpq) L. wlinp (wtlwO), nlf'Jl/7 ,et:;pwl.jwGu.14w0 hwuwGndi!ll~Jmfi tfi l.fwqllnu1 OwL. (Jn~ l1nln4r
(qbOf)w0/1) L. m/Uil7 (OI//1f1Wqw0 funu111mll), pwgOf)JW (pwg Of)nttl, f)fllfl' hwliwljw 11 qmj_) GliwGwaL. nLil.ll.luljwGO m hwJgwl.jwO[!, ubnwljwG[!.
UlJ) u pwgopJw (pwg U7brznul, pwg bpqOp{1111wq) iJ. WJtG; mrw4wG[! L. hwJgwljwGrr _
UJG hwllwumGubp(l, npnGi> qpm~Jwllp GnLJGG bO, pwJg wpmu.J- ~tq1wljw[iwljwG hwliwGmliubp b(i ljwqllnul Gwl.t up ZWI1Q pb[lW-
uwumpJwllp U1W(1pb[l, ljn~l[mll bG hwuwqpr hwllwOmGGI:ip, PUillJbu' I.jwGwljwG awuupljGbp, pwnwljwqaw~uJfl L. pwnwhwnwpbpwljwu
PUJflfl (tunUlr 11-bq) L. pwpfl (n1 Ufwpq, fuf1pftO), nqft (Wl7mwuwuifmlll
aunLJJ?Gbp:
np/7 · JWfl nq/7) iJ. nq/1 (nq.bf pwJ/1/Jrzdwl;wu 3-flf) f)btl.f!IJ}, pwqtlwft- UJUL4bu" ftllwuGp~[! ni upWJU utmwljwG hntmtwaL. t ljwqunul,
Ompjm.O (2w111 WJJ!bf1 mObliww) L. pwqtJwljOmp_tmli (11/7 pwu/J l{/76 WJlL. qnJw4wGwl.fbpU1 L. w6wl.fwGw4bflU1 uwu0tJ4 t. qnp6 t w64_mli
mubOwlf!) L. wnG: Gwl.. pppL. Gwtuwl1[1nLI?JnLU, rGil4bu· ubrzwO. ubrzw0/1. pwJg GwL. wab-
eulll 6wqllwG' hwuwGnLGGbfl[! trGnul b[i hwllw(luwm h U1Wfll.llfl-
f/7. u/?flbf/1, /1 hb6mqu, /JI/Jwnu L. wnG:
tlwln:
-fluJ OunLJfl(l ljwqunul t ubpqnJwljwG hntml.walA (pwrzwc - pw-
=iwtlwptJwm bG WJG hw!lwumGGbp[!, npnGQ wnw1,1wgbl bG
qwpnuJ). PWJ9 llpuGnqO dLtJilluGwli uwl. LJ_JUljWllH~Ifl flb!1PWJ (Q.flbf -
!lruGnqG pwnr wpllwU1pg ljwl1 lltJ!..OnLJG pwnr wp!lwUlr ruwuUliJ.n,fln-
q{lntil. {jWf7r1W/ - 4WJ7fJflUJ, i.l/12W(IJ2 fWJUJ{JnlUUli(l hwuf)ftlllnlil, funu-
lunt~Jmurg. tJGil4bu' wlj (tlw111wum wq qw:J nf7M QWflfJbrJbuf7 pwf1) L.
109
108
tnmd b WJJ/i): =iw~wOmOObp[! funuR~ llb2 qnp6 bO wbqmll hwlll~w~ =tUUUuOtuutf"~ UOUSU8l1Uu Ot'U'utf"C
1.4bu niSw~wO OL14wuuu~Obpnq: U~laOmJO tunuswzwpmll, hwplaw(i llln-
I'J.Ofltllu m OwtuwrJwumpJmOObpnul qnp6w~qbL~u hwllwOmO pwnbpO =lwllwGntOObp[! hwJbpbOmll, ~0!1.4bu Owla WJL tbqmObpmll ~w-
wqbttJ hmqw4w0 m Wf1lllWhWJU1~1 bli rywpaOmll hwU14W1.4bu pw- 11"1'1 b(i WllW2W0WL fl0t1.4bU Lbqqwlfwu, WJ01.4bU ~ lUfiiiiWLbqijw4wu
Owutnbi'J.6w4w0 tunuR[!. f10!1.4hu' qnp6n00bpfl hbllllawO,pnq: ·
=lwllwOmQ(jbpfl WllW~wgllw(i WllW~~(j La h~ll0w4w0 WllJ!jntflOb-
U/lf7t11U l.jwp/IJ m UJf7/lli. flflg llb4n pwllbflfl pwqll~dwutnmpJnLuO t: Pwqllf1LlwulllmpJm0[! lllb-
tu tlwfltl/100 bd, .en wp/10, '1~ t mObOnul f10!1.4bu ~LlwuUlObn~ ObpJ;!~Ci LflmlmtunqtJWO, WJfi1.4bU ~
tin tu{l/1, tlb/j wmnl/1) t11bu, Onp ~LlwuUlObpfl 4wll tulwulllfibf"l~ qwpqwgtlwO hbllllaw01!ntl tbqij~
lab U/lpbjnLg /IIi[ Wfl/10: qwpqwgllwO UlWflPbn LflmLbpnul:
PwqllflllwummpJwO hb111LawOsnq hwtlwOmO pwllbfl lfwnni'J. bO w-
=twllwOmOObp~ ll~fngnLt tunu.Qnul hw6wfu utnbi'J.O'qnLil bO hb- nw2w0wt pwn~Llwulll~ IJUI'').LWJ0Llw0 4wll ObflwgllwO zunnhfll(, f10!-
IIIW.Pfl.P~P pwowtuwflbp, ~Ot1.4bu' ll4bu' 6UJqUJUI (dWfll)m u /jb/ifJWU/7/ibfl/1 QJ/U/1 dwu) u 6UJ/jWII1 (UjWU1b-
tu wqw, fJ/IL wqw, dbf7 wqmlin n·q WIJW•.. f7Wqtfw/jwli qnf76nqmpjmli0bp/1 wowp/10 tlwun). tlbiiObt (nuzllnfll/bJ,
~wll' hbawOwJ) La tlbqObt (wlihwu/jwOwt/1 d/1U7.QD UjWflqwpwObJ, pwgwm-
34/1111/1 pwobf7n hbQb[, pwJg wbu !Jni · /jWfltJnttJ t :tbqiiJ.' !1/111/1 flbJ), UHI.fl (hWt11nL) La UHI.fl (qb0JJ), J}bflpbJ {tlWJ/jbj) La Rllf7/11Ji (uU1brz-
Pwpurbpf! pwgmd l RWfiUibpf!: 6wqnf10bJ, /lli[Uibu' JJbflpnLpJnLO), 6W!J/IIt (PnLJU} La 6w!J/Iq (h/11/wli-
!JnLPJnLii), IJW[Uifl (/Unm) La IJW[U/fl (ljwOw[).
=lwllwuntOObp bO wnw2wOmll Owla'
w) PmO 4wll 4wll qwfl 2P2W0mll tflnfuwDJWL hwjbpbG pwllbpnij'
UIJfl (wqwtlUJflf#) La UIJfl {JJwf7w/idwl/), pwpwq (limf7p) La pwpwlj (nf7-
UWJwli U1bUW/j}, qntjU {[wtfmu/iwgw6 Wf]p/1/j} u /jnLJU (qn!]d) la WJLO:
p) Pwnbp~ hfiumOw4wO 4wll ntflf'\WqpwllwO lj'lnlflntumpJwli
hbllllawORnll. ~0!1.4bu' ubp (/jwp/7 ubf7) La .ubp {<utfl, qqwgtlmli.e}. hnUI
(PnLJfl) La limn (ho111) (n[/UWflfibp/1 jumtlp), hwpq (t11nLfiJJ), hwpq
(<JWfl/j · J/10ntpjwli dwu), 1/bfl (pwfldfl) u 1/bfl {<1/ffl · gw6, 1/Wfl) La
WJLU:
q) =lwJbflbO ulflntuwDJWL pwnbp~ hO!JnL0w4wO 4wqll~ O~wOmpJwO
htnnlawOsnq, f10tl.l4bu' ;/IOIIt (ljwamgb[, uwflgbt) La ;/IObt (onw q/101/nflw-
qw/i 1/bfiUJflqnL), mnO (hwOf}/luwtfnflnLpJntli) Ia IIII1IJ (/nnw/ tJwj0wuU1/1-
Iiwli), filii (qwqp, JJ/Il 111WJJ) uQIIL (qnJ, q01JUI/j /Ul/11ItnJ La WJtO:
ll) Pwow4wqllw~w0 ISwOwutwflhnq, CintJO La lllWflpbp pwflw~
flfl~tObp~ ll~wgnLpJwllp, ~O!utbu' pwqllw/tDm,JmO (pwqmtl lt/10 m-
liligniJ) La pwqllwqom,JmO (pwqmd wm mObliw[p}, WJJWubp (mfl/1-
z/lg ubf11/W6) u lUJLUIUOfl (fJbut/1 nLfl/lln UOfl ti1W6n!]), [UII/UJQntjO (Jwl/
qm}fi mObgn!]) La JWI/UJqntjli (wdbliwtwl/p) u WJLO:
llO Ill
«UJf/WtlwpwiJnflli/J tlwuiJwuujwrf CJW!J.Wl/JWfl t, n[7 WfllfiWhWJtl7nL t1 f h-
b) UpL.bLwhwJ L. wpL.tltnwhwJ qnwljwG tbqmf.!br~ GliwlimpJuJup, fiW"wiJntpjwiJ WOW{/"UJIJ/;fl/1 U bfii.J.nLjpiJli{I/J [!IJf]hWIJnL{I, (W"WU
~G~UjOU. hnfl ("WU1) 1... /mf'j (W}I7t.nbq), lmti (OUJfJf; I.J.Ii.flfil!]) l.s. lm!J (Wj[i- hwt17"wiJf1liJIJf10, ~u~ hwuJtwgnqmp]miJ[J · «hwu"wiJwL m, !Jtlpnubt n{
liiO!]), utw.;bl (ut;Uf /VflbL) h ubUJiiL (hw!lwpbf, LtwfH}fJJ). "w{ln!]ntpJntiJ»: Ltwu hwpwunLOubp, npnu~ ~ilww.nwJpG n! lltt L!WUJ m
q) 1WUWf1Wlj l.t hUJU'lnt4 wumOObrmtt. Q.filiUJp ({Jwriqwq(;[j /}Wf') l.. ou'lhwupmp]mu !mubu, ~flWfl Ollwu~mll bO unulj ~flbug hOiJmOw4wu
CJnhwrt (flq. wtJmiJ), wllf)pu.i!Jjlf.; (Lwzwg,~fi} t. UBqpwOfol; {wut!JfJw- ljwqllnll.. ()L.nll. l.. hw6wJu ufuwl lj~[lWQnLI'JJWUp &tlnJ'uwflpOmll bu u~u
IJmiJ), /jUJfiUJtl./bUl (nf1M qn{I0/1 wnwpftiJ tJii{ll;w;wgmg/1/[J) L. "'WfiW· JWUQ, PU!UJbu' wdnt (Lrfw"ft!J, .~mpwiJftiJ t6tfn!J. qm}q bq qwtl qntlbl) l..t w-
t~~lnn (w{lw"wLi wOmiJ} Lt WJLU: dmt (fpiJ(l}, UUff7flb[ (Wfpflg t/{1/lll./b[nlf' U/UllfiWhWpWfl t.fbp [!IJ"[jfiL, 1./[l/J-
ll./IJL} 1... ut/fppObt (qntJIJD qgiJf, qmiJwmtfiJJ}, pofbt (p~IJfl/1 oqiJntpjwtfp o-
!J/1 11/lpnif qOwt) L. pppbf (npU pwO hii!J.milnt/ pwgwgiJbt} La wnO:
,Wflwumuubfl~ 2Lupgbp[! un~npwpwp wnw2wunul bu ~l..m.J. lln01
~wtl Ollwu l.. ~llwumml. hwflwpbpwlj~g WJU pwnbp~g, npnO{! h~lluwljw
~W(lWOmQ b(j ljn!~nLtl WJU pw11bf1[!, n(infJg W[lU1WgtJIJ' h0tjnLUW- unul ~wqllll.mtl b(j hwtlwpllwUl pwnbpmJ., qnp6w6wljw0 b(j Owl.. l.i1W-
4wG ljLIJqun4 ppwp llnUl bCI ljwjj Gllwu. ~tlwutnmf hwpwpbpw4pg [1W[1UW111 hwpwumOObp[!, ~U!UJbu' wOntl - wiJhnq, ifwOp ---ifwiJ", hntjq ·
ljwtl wnu~wljpg: hm}u, U/WJlfiiiL -U/WJPIJL. qnrutmO- qn{lrfniJ, "mfl/11- "lflf1/1al... WJtG:
=twpwumuut:in~ U1WflpbpwljL'iwu 4wjll..np 1Wi.flw[ijl2 ~wpnfJ. t hw- ullwO 'lbUJ,Rbflnttl hwpwumOObp ~wpnfJ. bu L~Obt uwl.. LnWflpbp
liwrLl.iiL tJO!L4bu pwnbpp Wfltnwg~IJ hO!JmGwljwu 4wqlim.l. limn ljwll funu,R~ llwubp~u UjwLnljwOnfJ. pwnwqmjqbp, 11 U!U4bu • fJn!J.!JnpmiJ -
Cnlwu LllDtiLIJ. WJUUjbU L. 'lflWOg ~liwutnwj~O nrm2W411 hw[lwpbrmq~ !Jn!]f]npjmiJ, ifw!J.nfl!JWJIJ (t/W!J. wnwljnm) li 1/W!J.IIf/fJJWU (wowifnm-
jWU ~wll ~w1.41l llb2 qtnGLl.bLnL hwfiqwuwOt~[!, _gw(i~ nr hwpwCrmuGb- JWU}, wnwp/1 (n{IU pwiJ/1 lflb!J.O} /.., wnwpf11J (p/Jiff!, fJWU[!} L. WJLU:
11£! L.u npnzll.mll bu lltJilJwGg G~wlilliwtlp mObgwo [iib. 6htuJI10, !'lb. 11- ,wpwumuubp[! funugmll L. wnw~btliu' qbfJ.wflLl.bttLnwljwO bpljb-
~wutnwJtJC! hwmljwu~zubrm.t ljwll wL!bLil lipzm' n,pwug LtJntuhwf1wpb- ('lnul mObO nowljwu npnzw~~ bflwuqw~nflntll: uwJu' pw0wuU1bfJ.OW-
llnL~Jwtlp m tl!lwuOntf=IJWilp: UJ11 hwtnljwOj"lzGbppg Ob4[!nulb4~ wu- ~w(j funugmll qn('l6w64.btn~ UlWppbp hw2nf1qwljw0mpjwtlp L. wnw-
1Jlbunu1u tL JuwOqwrnul t 15ztnnpbu nrnzbtm hwpwumuutfl{! L. hwpw- Ll.bt L.u U1nfJ.bflll Ll.tr2mll' umbfJ.!'Jmtl bu hwtlwUjwlFlwufuwO hwuqwLtn-
umuntpJwO uwhtlwuObrt[l. funpw~J1bu pwgwhWjlflbtm hwpwfimGCib- rmtl, tJO!L4bu'
fl~· ppfll.. pwnhrt~ 6L.w~UWUU1Wjj1G tl~ wnw06~(j 111f:iuw~j1 tw4w~wlj
pUnLJpO m tntJ)JnLU[!, wnw0MwhwLn4mpJI'ILfi0bpli nl qwGwqwQ "tnwru.uu!Jft bflljrmid wanm,
28 lmubq Rliq bd b(lwqnuJ,
llflUL.np mllub ru :
u 1u1.4bu' hw 11 wumuubpll ·~r •JJlipnrt~ 2wpe wptm..uej1tJ tlUl,JmC.w- 171/ hOtmd t nf1utbu wanRJ!
4wu Ljwqtlnll ljwu l!L.n4. ~flwfi pw4w4wupu lh1wu l:iu. bflpbtJG CinlJuru4 UfiRUJJUJ/jwO Rn [bqnili (I/. S.):
tlmn bu ~flWil ~pbug WflUlWhWJUlWO ~owmnGttrmLI.. muU1p L. hwi:Swru 1Wflw0muubpp n6wljw(i W[ldbg[! UljWLnbLtJ t hwtnljwUjbU pwnw-
UlW[lpb[l lj~pwnnLpJmGGbpmtl ~mtuwfl~flnul !::;0 ll[uljwGg' wnw§!wgC!b- fuwfJ.b[l ~wqtlbLilu L. dnlln4.fl'lW4wO wuwg4.w6{!0bpnul, ~O!IJ.lbu· «nL2
LnLl. pllwurnwJ~U 2lflnp, pGg4tu' gmgmtl -- gmgllmO.g, Wflhbum- wp- tf11Jft, Omltft0/1», «fit/ WfWf//1, nj fJUJfUJf1/1JJ, «1w}-hWJ[! qOwgliJ, ifwj-
1/bum, U/Ulliflll./WUbL -U/Whll./wiJlit L. wnG: ifw}O liJdwgiJJ» li wnu:
Sm.gtlmli~f'}. ppwljwpw[jwljwu Lnl:iptlru t u 1J2wOwljmll t «r;.w-
mw{lu.Jfimtl m{li/wrf 1/"WJnL/:)JnLIJ.•J. pulj gmgnul·!J · ((cfwf1tflifnt. qnr](Jb-
LnL hflwhwOq, wnwpwfJpW/Jf1, 1.1/Wiflt/IJfl>J Ltwtr hwuqwgmpJnaJ-o
113
·,. Sti • u Ut UwJ1qU,f1Jwll. lizl\ w,.tu .. t2 1 19
11'1
p) Pwn~llWUUl~ Cibrt.wgnulu ~llwulllwlflntumpJWU WJU tnbuw4G t.
bpp wutn~!Swuwpwp uwhllw0wlflw4l{nul, Gb11.wunul t WJI'J. pwnbp~
ttuuusu<J>ntun~rasn~'L
W[1U1WhWJU1WO hwu4wgmpjnLUUb[1~ OWl{Wl[l, hwtiwtu llWU~ 4wll ub-
llp WUnLU[! l{bpwol{mll t tnbuw4~ 4wll wuhwtn~ wul{wullwu:
Lbql{~ qw,..qwgllu.iu mwppbf1 lflmtbf'lmll wnwu6~Ci pwnbf1 npn- Qpwpwpmll DWP J!Wll[! uzwCiw4bL t «tWt.l.» pwn~u [!UilW[1~W4 ~
zw4~ lflmtmtunLPJnLCiubfl~ bu bupwn4l{nul l& hwtSwtu iflntumll bu ~ Llwutnnl{. wnhwuwpw4 lli1W4Wfi hwlll4WCi~znl{ pumpwqplfn'l·
pbOg ~tlWUUl[) 4wll uzwuw4ntpjntCs[!: Pwnbp~ ~llwutnwlflnfumpJntU[! /;U7{1/1~ wuljbhbp, qbqbg/7/;, [!UU7/1f1, lfW{1U1Wf1l& WJLU, ll~Ci!lltill dwllw-
hplluw4wfim~ ~wJilwuwlfnl"llfwo t pwRbp~ pwqll~llwulllmpJwllp Lt. Ciw4w4~g hwjbpbumll WJU UUlWQbL t Ub'l ~uWUUl l& Cizwuw4nul t
fi11wOg ~Pntuu:pbpw4wu pllwuU10bpnij: l"'llwumwlflntumpJnLU[! tbqt.l.~ /;U7{1/1~ wutfbhbrr. =iwl/ J!Wll[! Gwtuw~bu Cizwuw4bL t patndi, POiflf/
qwnqwgllwu UjWLnllw4wfi 4wpq t. WJU Ci4wUlbLtJ t tbql{~ qwl"lqwg- J;bUfJWU/1 [!UqhuJfi{1WLI./bU, P,u4 Wjdll uzwuw4mll t Ll~WJU oOtnw0/1
llwu pntnf1lflnLtbllmll: pntmli/1 tlwpftu, tqo:
t>llwumwtflntumpJmG[! 4wpnrt t L~fibt LbQ.l{w~wQ l& wrunwLbQ.- "bfiW{If/nt J!Wll[! uwtuw~bu GzwGw4bL t [!Uilhwupw~bu WJU, ~U!
l{w~wQ: Unwp~u 4wpq~ lflnlflntumpJntfifibll[! ~wJilwuwlfnl"ll{w6 bu l{pWJ~Q ~ql{nul t l& hWilWutWUlWUtuWfibt t UWl& OWO/;nLJp, GWG/;ng, l/b{1·
qmm tbq4w4wu qnponuubflnl{ l& tntiJwL tbql{~ qwpqwgllwu Cibf'IJ!~Ci tlw/;, QL/U/1 enf/, opng l& WJLU, ~u4 Cibp4WJnLllU qnpOwOqmll t ll~WJU llb4
op~GwtwlflmpJmfiubflnl{. lltJiit'lbn Wfllr1Wtbql{w4wu bu pwn~llwuLn~ ~Llwutnnl{' bpl;wpw¢b; qqbuU7, ljbpuwqqbuU7, ;mpwhwtnm/; U7WD hw-
WJU~~u~ lflntflnfuntpJmuCsbfliJ, npnfiQ Lbql{wpwfiw4w0 ~flnrtnLPJnLU qmutn. Pwn~llwutn~ Cib'lwgllwu wptnwhwJtnnLpJmfi t Ciwl&, bpp hwuw-
(ibp !bfi, WJL UIWJilwuwijnJ1l{w6 bu Wflii1WLbql{w4wu, hwllwpwCiw4wO nw4 wumu[!, l{bpwol{mll t hwtn4wGl{wu, ~Cit~bu' qnhwp, pwOJ;wqftO,
tl~ zwi"I.R q.n,..onOfibl"lnl{: wq0/11/ ewp, wqwtlwuq, ftf1 U7buwl;ft tlbp wquljwqm;uo, pwJg l& Qnhwp·
Pwn~llWUill~ ~nlflntunLPJnLUfibp[! h~llfiw4wfimtl lllb'l~ b[i mub- ftqwJ;w(j wumu: liwpwUfbl/1 GzwCiw4bt t lfWUWU/Wf1h pwgnq, mqbnpub·
Gmtl bpb.Q bqi.Lifiw4nl{. p/7 wowpoupwg, wowpunpqnq, wJdll" wpwl;wu wumu: Uqwq Cizwliw4bL
w) Pwn~liwuU1}l [!UJlLWJilnu1! Uw pwn~llwu111~ wJO~~u~ lflnlfln- t wowpftU[!, q[Juwljnp[!, U1W{1/1Unt/ tlbO[!, /;wpbnp[!, u;wuwtfnp[J, Wjdll'
fumpJntfiG t. bflp pwn[! utwhnLil t ~1'1 h~l10w4wfi ~llwullliJ l&, 'lflWO~g wpwJ;w(j wumu:
pwg~. ~bn,R t ptrmll un11 ~llwum ~wll ~llwutnubp: UJU llhuwmll pwnu q) Pwn~llwulr1~ 2112nLil ~wll pl&tmwgrall[! ~llwutnwtllntumpJwG
~~ pnl{wCsllw4nLpJwfi llb2 t CiliflWilfimtl linnwun11· wnwn4wfibp, hwm- WJU bfll&nLJpG t. bpp pwnu ~11 pmu 4wtl h~llGw4wCi ~Llwum~u hw4w-
4wG~zubfl, qnf16n'1.nLPJnLfi l& wnu. llflWiinl{ ~u4 Qfi'lwn~w4l{mll t nw4 Ll~ Gnp ~tlwum t umwunul: UJu~bu" qbf/. pwn[! uwtuwutbu Gzw-
LnlUWL hwu4wgnLpjUJU 6wl{wL[!: Uju~bu' U7nLU pwniJ uwtuw~bu Cizw- uw4bL t JunU7, pmdwl;wu funU7, mum~ l& qbqb[ GzwGw4bL t pmdb[,
Ow4bL t z~finL~jntO, 4wnnljg, pCiw4ntPJWfi l{WJ11, ~u4 hb1llWqWJOLil uw4wJii WJU hbtnwqwJmll, hwm4w~bu dn'1.nt.l.flllWtunuw4gw4wG tbq-
(jzwliw4bt t Ciwl.t. [!UU7W0/1e. qbpqWUU7WU, tlwpqnt tl;U7w/;wu p/JwJ;w- l{mll hw4wnw4 ~llwum t Otillp pbflbt' pm;O U1Wf, pmuwljnpbf, tlw-
t/WJf1, ;/7/Jmp;nLO, ;bue, pwqwl/npwl;wu U7nht1, wqqwU7nht1, w~w hwgunrr pm;u U7Wf.' "'wflwutbf GzwGw4bL t Ll/Wf1WLI./ tluwf, ntftOttw-
(jwl&' 1Wl/1W6n UU7bqowqnp6nLJii}WU J;wamgt/WOJ}WJ/IU hwU7t/W6 l& ubf, Wjdll (izwuw4nttl t tJ/7 pw(jnlj QPWf/1/b[, tJ/7 pWU Unljnpb[ 4Wil tl/1
WJLfi: ~WI'I pwn[! Cizw0w4nlll t 0! ll~WJU WLI./Wf1, t/btJ, WJLI.t' 2/1f1tlW- pwu unljnpbgub[: Ujun;wO pwn[! qpwpw11mll Cizwuw4mll tp ewp, w-
GWf1, qbpbqtlwuwewp, J;;nwewp, pwul;wqftu DWf1, wq, w~w uwl&· owpwtlw{1ln/1/;, w~w uwl.t' hwumu tl/1 pw0/7 tlwpU1Ufnf'/, U/WJGWf1nf'/,
UjftOq, J;wpop, owupl& wnfi: liwfiq0bJ fi2Wfiw4mll t nt ll~WJU fiuUtwO hbmwqwJnur dwllwliw4w4~g hwjbpbumll u~nwgbL t Lfl~l{ tnwppbl"l
4wll ~wn4wO Ulbrt~g l{bl"l 4tfiwt. nUlR~ 4wCiqfibL, WJL uwl&' J;wuq WQ- ~tlwum· p;Owtl/1, nfubpfttl hwl;wowl;npq, ~u4 wpl&LltnwhwJbflbCimll.
Ob[, 1DWJ[b[, fQUW[, UjW{1WU/, wuqnpo dOw[, hw0qftUU7, wu;wpd ~wh~wfibtnlf ~11 uwtuGw4wG ~llwutn[!, Gzw0w4mll t tlpgw/;/lg,
tJOw[, md/7 qw{, qnpwOw[l.t. WJtO: tlpgnq, tbt1Ll//1n0 Lt. WJLU: t'l. U'lWJWU[! Oznul t Gwl.t ~llwutnwlflntump
JWU llb2 WJL bl"lltntjp' ~llWU111Ub[1~ lflntuhw2nl"lllnLil, n[l Cizwliw4mll t
114 115
pwDp ht'lu ~th.uuUl~ 4nrmLUU1, «llwhwgnul» ~ Onp ~llwu111p ~bnepb 4w0nuHitlp~ llz1Ilw4wu lfwu hwowf"l.lw4fi qnf10wo4bLm L4WIIIownm4
rnui, WJL 4hlll4 wuwa· pwu~ Owtu4~0 ~llWUlll~ tttntuwp~Onulo Onp llb4 WllWI14WJ~ w!h{wfmul~ llr. WJL WD.WI14WJ~ 411W 111W!1W6bL[!, 011~
nL'l'1W4r. hilwuU'lnt!. ojlr.Owl( ubrzwu CizwOw4bL t qnhwpwO, pwqfliJ, (iwlf hwtlwp PWil[!, np uzwuw4mll t «WfJUJflitUJJ/1 hwpnpr;wljwO ljwp-
t.ujdu WJf'l ~UWUI.ll[! 1nLU~, UJ)l nLI}rJ.W4~ ~UWUI110 t' ljwhmJR/1 ilft UJ/i- Q!J IJilwliubp/1 2Wf1JMLtl g,?LJg uufnq pflt/»' qnnow64bLm.t hJmpwGng~
uwft, wcwpljw, 6tufubJ OzwOw4tiL t UIJ.Iwn/it, nJ/JUJJwU/if, WJdll' tfw- . ubUJW4(ibpr. ijbpwpbpJWL (hwtlwp w;u/101 u/iUjUJI/) UlllWQbL t «hjnL{1W-
6wnlit. fuOq.pb[ uzwOw4bL t npnOliJ, t/1Ull1f7GJ, Wjdll' fJ/IUliJnt/ 11/1 pwO IJngfl wnwOdflO ubu;wlj Ltwll pOwljwpwO» [izwOw4mpJnLu[!: 'LnLJG h-
27
mqb/. fu0fJ/Jf1.R fili{lljW}WgO/ii Lt. WJL 0: 11.W(iw4n4 tl u!JqwO 4whnLJPr. wnwp4wu u2wuw4mll t mU7/iJflp, m-
U7bfbfJbO, hwglt!Jpm;p. wpno uut.nl:iLm hwrlllwpw0f1[! Ozw0w4nul t
PUflt;Pto toUUUSU(l)nJuntta3UlJ =I"'UO~lJPlJbN~
28
Owu IJ.IW2U1nu· wpnnftg qpq/iJ Ozwfrw4nul t IJIW2U7n0flg Qf7itliJ u wnO:
3. t"dwua.nwltlnfumpJnLO qnpau.mw4w0 (~mG4g~n(iwL) htulnLO-
t'>O!l4bu 04w111nu.'i t t11 UrtWJWO[!, pwnbp~ ~tlwumwJ~O tflntfln- enat: UJU ~llWUI/IWlflntumpjnLU(] l!lbrt~ t mObOmll WJU l)bll.lpnLil, bpp tl~
funtpjmOubpr; hr.llOw4wOmll 111brt~ bu mGbOrull tunu9~ tlb2, pwnw- wnwp4wJ~ wOLtwOmllO wOgOmtl t OmJO 4wll OmjOwOllwO qnp6nrtmp-
qn[16womt:~JWO qnp6[!0pwgmll u qbpwqwOgw~bu tflntuwpbpw4w0
JWO[!, llbllri 4wl11Wilnrt. OnLJO (jll.lwl11W4~(j 6WilWJnrt ll~ WJL wnwp4wJr..
m hwtlotlpnOw4wG qnpOwompJmGObp~ hb111uwO~ bO: r.(j1L4bu' pnfnLU/1 p~ I.J pi.J, fJOpOwpfln/1 PW2nlj tlw[jlipbu, np ownw;mtl t
3mpwew01JnLI1 r.tlwu111wJr.o tttmtmtumpJmG, w(i~wtu WJG pwor.g, fJOpuwpfln/1 JJD/IJJ!/10, ~O!ll.lbu pu!J •pnfm0/1, JWIJitnlip qnwpwnmll Ozw-
pl:i r.G! 6wGwL4Wilhn4 t wnw2Gnn'l4bL. mO~ ~llli.IWllll.Swnn 4wtl h~llmu- Ow4bL t rfpwq., ljwOpbq, pwh, r.ulf qpw~w(j wztuwphwpwnnul UlllWQbL
91J. n11nOe 4wnbLr. t Gbn4wJwgGbL hbmuJWL hr.llOw4wO 4bl11b!ln4: t Owu JnwwtfnptlwO WIJ.IW/jJw wunp fltlwuU1!J, np/1 tlbp f].Omtl bO JnLJU/1
1. "'dww.nwlflnfumpjnL£i Gllw(inLpJWU qnLqnpl).nLpJwllp: Unwp- UJ'fPJnLf7lJ (tlnd, /WUIJ.I), ~u4 WJdll Gwu· wt/UJntllipbOw;/1, 2nq./ipwf72/l
4wubnr.. b[luntjpGbnr.. hwtnLU4wOr.z{ibp~ ll~2L. bijw6 nnut 4wnq~ wnpufl /jwil bmu/J JnLUwpdwlj, ULUJJW/j uzwfiw4bL t i/Jnpp/Jlj UUljJ, r.u4
utlwGntpjnL00 WDW2 t pb(lmtl llltUWL WDWI14WJr., hwu~wgnlpjwO w[i-
WJdtl GwL•.' dbnR/1 ljwtl WJL hwptlwpwOp · pnOliJnL L U7/irzwi/lnfu/itm
4w0tlw(i qnJ16w6mpJmG' npL.t 4nrtllmt llllW OtlwOmpjmOO m(ibgnrt w-
hu:tlwp, p(i!~hu OwV r;bnuu JPWJJn'l bpbfuwObpfJO u hwlilWOf}.wilObpfJO
nwp4wJr. hwllwp:
tlwO woliJ m wOtfwtfnp hwptlwpwOp, mwpp/ip illipbOwObpfJO ljgtfnq
Uplllw.er.G utlw0nLj:ljWO hr.tlm(ipn4 WllW2 to b4bL tlwpllOp tlwu
OuUJliL m hwpdwpwOp u wnwOdfJO tlbpbUwObpft qwtlp;mqwd!A tlwu ·
u2wGw4nrt tlr. zwpp pwntpr. mwnpbp pllwu1110bnn: UJui.J.Ibu • QLnt/U
owOpmp;mOObp U7/irzwt/1nfubJnL Lt pwpdpwgObfnL hwilw{T.
pwno. np Clzw0w4mtl t q.Of}UJOu wnwpljw, wnwpljw;fl qOf].UJdil OUJ}f7[J,
4. "'llwul11wQ1ntunLpJnLCI PJfll.[1[!ilpn[h1wO hbmL.wQ~nq: Uw WJO
llbn.e t ph(lbL ur. 2WI1Q 4r.nwnmpjnt00bp, n11nO,e li.IWJtlwOw4np4w6 bG
b(luOljpiJ t, b(lp ptlWUtnWtflntunLpJnL(j[l lllbrtp t mub(imll pWOb(lr. 4wlJ
llllW CillwumpJm(iO mObgnrt wnwn4wOtpr. hwtlwp, ~O!ll.lbu' unfu/1
llllWOg PW'1Wil11r.1ubpp utuwL hwu4w0wLm, pwnbnr. !.Sr.z111 OzwGw-
Qtmfu, IJ.IU1Uf7/J QJnLfu, WfJ} pwnp OtlwOmpjwllp' fJ.UJf7W{j/l Wfp, fump-
4mpJm(ifi nL qnp6wqnq:J)nt0[l 1r.tlwOwLm. pw11b11~ 4wqllmpjm00 nL
pfJ0/1 WJp, ulirzwufl WJP, p/ipwOpw11r. OtlwumpJwllp, np Ozwuw4mll t'
UlllnLqwpwGmpJm(in utuwL IJ.IWm4bllwg(ibLm u GtlwO tnunLJp(ibpr.
wunpubpfl pwgtfwop, n{lnt/ tlfl pwO bO LU0mtl ilbp[J' ljdfl pbpwO, ljwp-
hbmuw(i~n4. op~Ow4' tjwpljwpb/jliL pwlliJ Gzw[iw4nul t wOt/wOwp-
uw;fl pbpwO, uwt/Jnp/1 p/if1UJU, Pfl/1 p/ipwO, p~ pwn~ (illwOmpjwtlp'
ltbL. tllilj/10 fuw;UJwnw{jbJ u 4wqtl4w6 t t/wplj (h/iqflOwljmp;mO) u pb-
fJOpOwpfln/1 pL, tfbpwpljmfl pL WJL 0: u
{jbJ (ljnmpbJ) pWrtW'lllr.!ohnr.g: t4 ~wor. np tunuw4gw4w0 LbQ4nul
2. "'dtuuU'IwlflntunLpJnL(i ~Q"IlllnLPJWU hpllnL(itmat: Uw WflW2W-
tfwplj pwno qnn6w6w4wG 1t. mum~ u hwowtu tununijObp[l tfwpltwp/i-
gbL t wnwp4wObnp 11r.2~ brtw6 4wll.lr. u llflW hr.llwO 4nw' OnwOg wO-
ljbL pwn~ WDW!;!r.(j JlWil.Willlr.W 4w1.4mll bO t/Wf7p pwn~ hb111 u WJO
llW(l60mtl t/Wf7JlWp/i{jliJ: UflfJ11l/j pwnn 4wqll4wo t UJf7fJ wptlwUJflg, np
~: Sb ·u tfl. U'l.wJwli. liz4. wztu .• t2 106: OzwGw4mll t du, u -mlj wowOgr.g u Ozw0w4nul t db l17Wf.' =\blllwqw-
.:'~Ulll tfl. U'l.WJWGjl Gzq. wztu.:
I lo 117
dUliUuU~Ul4t-S ~UStrtl.!l" flWlU'llUCUr~
JnLtl, l,~llwfiwLmt wpllw111~ pmu ~llwuiiiQ, WJU 4w~bL bu hwf7pb[ pw-
n~ ~llwulll~ hblll lL hw!Swtu qprul I! wp111wuwunul bO hwf7pnd1: ~wll'
ctwllwflw4w4~9 hwjbpbCi~ pwow~W2WI1D qwnqwgllwCr bp4w-
lff7UJQtu[m.;g pwno, np PW'1.4l.ll9WO t lf{7wq. tmJg, tmgwObt (t/wnbi)
!1WIIIlL m pwqllWUIII~tiwu ttlntLb!l t wugbL. u~.tuwO Owtuwqpwj~U
PWI'\W~Il~!Obp~g. ~wpt!bL t lf{7fiJQUJ[fllJU: 2115!WO~g· llbp Lbqtl~ pwnw~W2W!l[! qwpqwgbL. hwpUlllWQbL "' ew-
5. ,..llwulllwtf1nfum,JnLii qqwgw~wli--l.(bpwpbpdnLD,RWJ~D ~ Ow4w4wu m npw4w4wfl unp tt~nttlntunlpJmOObp t 41lbL:
~wumnt.{: Pwnbpn. pwg~ ~pbup pml:i ~llwu111ubp~g, 4wpn11 bu wplllw- Pwnw~w2w11~ qwpqwgmou m hw~ulllwgmll(! pwp~ 1.& bp4wpw1111!
hwJIIIbL Owu UnLPJb4111~tl. 4~llWJW4wfl ~llWUIJIUbp, nrmu,R qGwhw- ~WIIIllw4wu qnpO[!Upwg t. nLUIJI~ L pLlmw~W2'Uil~ j;IUtinljtjnLU[!, upw
lllnLil 4wll pOm~wqpnul b(i pwnbp~ QnLJQ llltlwO wnwp~wflbp[!, ~wuw4wpqmll[!, ~wuw4wpqllwu u4e,d!muj;~ubpu m llbpllbgmllubp[!
bpL.mJpObpO m qnpOn'lnLPJnLOPbpQ: ~bug WJ~ qOwhw111w4w00 m tlb- q~mw4wfi LnLI15! 1... nu~mubl~ l_wtfiwli~2hbp bu ~whwu!nLil: Pwnw~w
pwpbpuntOj;l[! pwn~ qnpOwOnLI'JJWO hbllllLwfipntl ~wrnfl bu wllpwUWL zwp~ munuluwu~pnLpjWU WllWS!~(j L 4t.UplLnpw~nLJCr tull'l~ll[! upw qw-
pwn~li. ~WilUWL lipw ll~ linp Olwliw~nLPJnLU[! 4wll wttbL~ qwpqwliw- uw~wpqllw[i u4qpmugubp~ lL lln111bgmllhbp~ li2Q.11111nuU1 t: UJu wnnu1n4
tntl' ~wpqw~bu lflnf'uwp~ubL flpw h~Ci ~llwu111~li: UJU~bu' qwpdw- ~li!~bu hwJ, WJli~bu L [!Uqhwupw~bu LbqttwpwflmpJwfl llb5! brt,bL bu I!
U{bUI pwnn Ciwfuw~bu qnpO t fUOtlbL 2w111
unttnpw4wfl mumg/1J uzw- '
4w1J 111wppbp lln111tigmllflbp L ~Lw4bp~mllubp: 'L~w111w4 l,mflbflwLn4
liw4mpJwllp, pwJg hblllWQ.WJnLil WJU pwnfl wu111~tiwflwpwp ~bne t tunpwCiwL WJU hwpg~ llwu~[i b11.w0 QU'lnLUbL~. q~111wljwflnpb(j pwCiwtt~
pbpmll wphwllwphw4wli, pwgwuw4wfl ~llwu111. qnpO t wOLtmll tiwj~U hwpgwqpnLill:ibp~ llb51 • tlbp 4wpO~gntt' qwuw4wpqllwu wnw2~1J
«tjwl/1, 111qbtn nwmg/1f» ~llW!JIIIntl, 4wll' nwtl/11;, qbf]pml; pwnbp[! 1wtt~wu~2fl m u4qpmuen pwnwL4wzwp~ Owqmllflwpwflw4w0
u4qpCiw4w0 2115!Wflmll qnpO bp wOLtbL unttnpw4wli llfQ.Jnlf]UJg/1» U2W- u4qpmugu t, ~[il,~bu uwl! pwnw~W2W(1~ qwuw4wpqmll(j nL tullpwlj_n-
liw~mpjwtlp, pwjg hb111wqwjn~ll upwOi! wu111~tiwOwpwp ~bnj;l bO pb- !lnLilfl [!UIII WllW5!WQllwu nLI'\~Ubp~: lJ~[il,lL U2tlW$ Ultqpmflg[ibp~ ~~(jmp
pmll pwgwuw4w0, wphwllwp~w4w0 ~llwu111 lL qnpO bli wOLtmll Lt~ JnLI:i[!' wllbu~g wnw2 fl2bug, np hwJng tbqtl~ pwnw~w2WilD 4wqllttw0 t
pwnWJ~(j h~ll0w4w(j ~n[i~~g I! pwnwj~O 4wqll~g:
pwtlnpw4wli ~llwu111nt!: bp~)llwuwp~ubp~ 2115!W~Willmll hwtiwfu
Pwawj~[i h~ll[iw~wli ~nDrn! pwow~w2w11~ h~llpfl t, Cipw wtlbuw-
qnpOwOw4wu qbf]n pwn[!, np[! Q.JnLI'\WQ~ pwn~ 4ptiw111ttwO t!l!u t. WJ-
4wJml:i zb!liiiQ, np~ llb5! wnw2~fl hbpp~fl ll1110nul bCi uwtuuw4w(j wllb-
uop wttbL~ 2w111 u111wgbL t llfW0pwf7b/;/1f7fJ, hbmwtluwg, wulfwzwl;» L
uw4wpLnp "' wllbuwwuhpwdb2111 Wjl:i pwllbp[!, npnU9 llnLIIIj;l b(j qnpObL
wn pwgwuw4wli ~llwu111libp:
WJ'l Lbqijntt tunun11. dn11.nttp~~ 4Jwugmll: 'lpwuj;l nuqhwump qnp0w6w-
i"llWUIJlWttlnf'unLpjnLUQ 4wpn11. t mlibuwt UWlL pwqllwp~4 WJL
4wu WJU pw11bpfl bu, npnug wOttwunul bl:i 2115!W~wllln'l ~pw4wl:imp
h~ll,Rbp, npnug~g dwllwliw4w4~g qpw4wli hwJbpbumtl wttbL~ 111W- JW(j wnwp4w(ibp[!, bpl&nLJpubpn. hw1114w(j~2ubp[!, qnponll.nLPJmCiubp[!
!1W04w0 t ~tlwulllflbp~ PWil.WP4nLpJWli (ll~wgllwu) hbllllLwlij;lntt 4w- I! WJLU, ~O!~bu' hwg, pmf7, t1w{7~, p~, pftp, /Jf7bu, lfw/;wU7, wtnwtl,
mwpttw0 ~llwulllwttlntumpJnLU[!: tlWJf7, Pnlff7, hudb[, gwuof, tlztu/;b[, l;wnmgb[, ub., UIJiftmwl;, /;wf7tlftf7,
Uju~bu' dbf/UJOfbt pwno ~2wflw4mll t ((tlbfJ.p q.n{7bb[», pwjg tun- b{7/;Wf7, pWf7W/;, fub[np, nlf7Wfu, Wf7WQ, ~wu~wrz L wnu:
uw4gw4w0 Lbq4mll, np~g pwtt~wugbL t uwL qpw4wli tbqm, WJ~ pw- Quill WJU llnlllbgllwu· pwnw~w2w11~ wnw2~(j fumllp[! 4wqllmll
nn qnpOwOttnul t CiwlL ((furzlfw[, qpW[, QfJ.fW[» ~llwu111Ubpn4' tlbf]W bu pu~~ hwJbpbli pwubpo: Pu~4 hwJbpbu bu hwllwpttnLil huqb4pn-
pwn~ L tlbfJ.pfJ pwqb[, tlbfJP qw[ 4w~w4gnLpJmCiubp~ PWil.WP4mp- ~w4w0 h~llJ! Lbqtl~g b4w0 wJ(j pwobp(!, npnUJ! ~pplL wm~~u~u. ~(1.
JWilp: 4wmwf7bt/1mpjm0, np u2wuw4mll t l;wmwf7b[/1t/10b[, qnpOw- Utiwnjwl:i~ 44wJmpjwllp 4wqllmll bu hwJng Lbqtl~ pwnw~w2w11~
Omll b[i «/;UJU7Wf7JWD wupbf7/1[/1Ub[ » ~llWUIJintt, IJIWll1/;wubt/1mpjmu. h~ll0w4wl:i 2b!l111(!, npnlig hwllbllwlllwpwp wttbL~ h~Ci Owqmll mul:iu,
llfiJIUili1/;UJUb[/1 fftUb[[J» IJIWUZ/;wub[[J ~llwu111n4' /;Wli1Wf7b[mpjmu, L ~pw(jg p~41! hwuflmll t lln111w4npw~bu 9.30-~: 'L24w0 pwnbpfl [!UIII
IJIWtn/;wub[nl/}jfllU pwnbp~ PWI'J.W(14ntpjwllp I! WJLI:i: U2wl:iwljmpjwfi L lllbuw~~ ~wpnq bli Cibp4wJwgGbL hwuwpw4w4wfi
4JWU9~ IIIWppbp nLn!llllflbp, ~(j!~bu.
119
118
n11nzw4p ~n~nf1.JnLJ:IJWU: PW11WU!WZWI1~ LlJmu· UU1l{WI1 ilwu[), nn
29
w) l1WI1'lnL llw11ilu~ llwut11. wfe, wqwOp, Lbqm, WJUI, wUiwtl,
b{lbu, L/101'), U}Wflf), UU1/10e, U{1m0e, WQ/'){1, pb{1w0, bqmOq, nLU L. wnu: - wul[wGmll bGs;! pwnwj~(i 4wqll, P11 llbp QU'lQI1~nLil t tbqtl~ P"L"11 pw-
p) POmpJmO, 411n0. Owtuwll.!W2WI1ilm0p0bl1. UJfl£, wuUiq, wnm, nbi1Q. WJfl f>l[nul L. pwnwjpO h~ll0w4wG ~nO'ltF
UJilU1f1nlJI, qbUI, /nL}U, /nLU/10, rJ;mO, UJ0btfe, b{lf)nLd, dbfJp, UnLf1p, dnO, I" IIIWflPbl1nLpJntO pwnwJ~O hplluw~wQ ~nu'lfl' pwnwJ~li ~wq.ll[!
JJWI/bl I.a. wnO: J:!w0wlfwl4bu wl{bt~ [!lii\WI10w4 m ~n~ntuw4wCi t. WJCi tbql[~ qwr-
4) COt11w0~9. wqq.w4gntpJnL0. wdmuftO, WJfl, f)nLUU1f1, bqpUJJfl, qwgtlwCi t11W11Pbl1 ~mLb(lmll hwllwwtlmll t On11wOn11 pwnb11nl{ L. h-
nO/tbfl, hWJf1, llw;.n, tlwOmq, nflf)/1, ulfbumf1, UIW/, pbOft, trLUU1f1, LlwuiiiWJPU 111Wflpbl1w40t;;:"'ll[, WJG n11w4w1.4bu ~nlflntum~JWU t bu-
UIWJQ/1 L. WJLO: PWI144mll, 4WIIIWflbtWQOI10l[n.Ll. WJ'l !l.Jllp~g 'lnLflU bQ llQmll pwqllw-
'l) 4b0'lw(j~(jbl1~ WU~WOnu1Ub11. UJ}~ U/}2Wf[Wf[, IJWO, /tnt/, hUJI/, l'ltl4 hpQ m hCiwgwo pwnbfl, hCiwpwOmpjm00bl1. 'li1W£ig ~n!l.JWflbO
rJft, Wf[l/bu, WD}nLO, Wflp, pn{1b0ft, fi.W}f, tlfiPJnLU, qn{IUI, tlm~·L. WJLO: pwnWL4W2Wfl bu tlt110mll On11 pwnb11, Qnl1w4wqllmpjm00bfl L. ~ntuw
b) UOwuOw~whntpJnLO, bi1~11Wq.n116'nlpJnt0. Wf1nf1, pwlt, bqwO, nmpjm0£ibl1:
Wjqft, IJJ{IUI, Wf1W6bf, hnt//11/, UIWI/W{I, n{lnrfWf, pflftJJlA WJLU: PwnwJ~U 4wqllmll Ulb'lP mObgn11 ~n~nf\JmpJmOQbfl[! hjllluw-
q) U11hbuU1, Wl1l{b ... U1, q.mjOb11. f)Wf1pft0, wubq, pftpbq, qwf1p, dm- 4w0mll L4WJilwuwl[n[ll[wo bQ hwuw11w4w4w£i 4JWU9ntll tllb'lll nLub·
Lbf, b{lq, b{lqbf, muwObJ, f)bq/10, f)liqrJwO L. wnO: gn11 l4WLnllw4w0, 9W'lLUPW4wO, hwuwl1w4w4w0, qplllw4w0, Llzw-
'l) nunbt~s;!. DillllbL~R. hwqmut11, qWI1'lbl1. WLJnLfl, pwO, qb{1W- 4mpWJ~O 4JWU9nLtl Lnbi'J.~ mObgn11 ~n~n!l.JmpJmOObflnl[:
qm{1, 11w6m0, PnLfl, dbq{l, wOqnqftO, pwf1rJ, q/101'), qqbuUI L. wnO: PW11WL4WZWI1~ hWP011'l zbfliii[! 4wq Llmll b(i lflntuwnntpjnt00bi1Q
UJu wnmllnl{ ~11- U15wnJwOo llwt110wOznLI1 t 22 4bt11, WJ'l pl{nlll 4wlllltntuwnJWL pwnb11o:
liwL. 'lb11wOmOOb11, 2WI'l.4w~Obl1 L. WJL u~wuw114nL pwnt11:
Owq.ml10wpw0w4w0 wnmllnl{ hw~n1111 zb11t11Q 4wqi1nLtl bQ WJU-
entuUflSUL PUiltf'C dUl1U'LU4U41"S ~U9bf't'LntU
30
~bu 4n!~wo umwgl{wOgWJ~Ii pwnb11[!, n11n09 wJO pwnb110 bO, n11 nG9
hWJbl1bO~Q bQ wOgbL WJO ctnrtn~ntl1'l0bl1~ tbqm0bi1~Q. n11n09 llmtllbt
b(i hwJbl1~0 hwjwgbrt tbq~~ qw11qWgllwO Owtuuw4w0 lflmtml1: 1Wj ctn'lnl[nLI1'l(j ~p11L. wz!l.Jwl1h~ hQwqnLJ(j L. qWf1QWQWO ctn'ln-
tlnL111\(jbl1~9 :lb40 flWI1bfl 2WflnLOw4 ~n!l.JwrtwrtO z4'Jmll0bfl~ Ub~ t b-
Cut11 ~11· U15wnjw0~ «~WJbl1b0 wi111Wt11W4w0 pwnw11wO~»
t11l{JwLOb11~· llb11 tbq~~ pwnw~wzw11mt1 4w WJ'l~~u~ 3680 pwn, n- 'lbL ~11 hw11L.wuCib[l~ hbiii 9WT}W.QW4W0, 111£it11buw4w0, Ll2W4nLPWJ~0
11009 llb11 pwnwtlpbi19P 4w11La.n11 L. hw15wtuw4~ qn11ow0w4w0 tlwuQ L. WJL ntnl1t11fib11nU!, npnu9 tt p0w4w0wpwfl WllW2 bu pb11bL tbql[w-
bO 4wqllnLI1, tJO!~bu' wqpftq, wnwt/nUI, w0bf1, qwqwO, qiJwf, qwf1ft, 4w0 Wq'lbgmpjnLUUb11 Lt. ljlnf\JWql\bQnL~jnLOlibl1, ~u4 'li1W09 W11W2~(j
hbi1J:I~(j WI11I1Wgntl[mll bQ pwnWL4W2Wflp ntni11Ilnlll, pwnWJ~(j lflnf\Jw-
b{l/twp, bfl/t/1/1, qwt/wq, fbn, Lftrf. juwqmz, tiwqftq, hwg, nuqft, lJIWUI L.
nmpjmOObrm~:
wnO: UJu tullp~ llb2 bO ilt11Qmll QwL. hwtSwtuw4~ qn110wOl{nrt 'lbl1w-
QmQQbl1[!o pl{w4wQ(jbi1Q, 2Wil4W!A40bl1[!, 4w~bl1[!, l!Wj0WI14nLPJnLU- 0ntuwnnLpJnLfi0bno Llp ctn'lnllfl'l~ tbql[~g Llb4 WJL ctnrtn4.fl'l~ tbq-
(jbf'(j m bi'J.wQw~w~nf'ni'J. pwnb11o: l{pu wugwo pwnb11Ci m pb11w4w0w4wQ ~11ni'J.nLpJnL£i0bflO bO: Pw-
nwJ~O lflntuwnmpJmCiubn[! JnLf'lWJ:!WU!JnLfl tbq~~ hwllw11 4UJIIIWI1~nul
PwnwJ~(j h~I1Qw4wQ ~nQ'lD tbq~jl nQ'lhWOntl1 pwnw~wzw11nul
bCi w£ih[lwctbztllwpwl1. ctnrtnll11'l~ hwuw11w4w4w(j, J:!W'lWEW~wCi.
llbO P~l{ !P ~wqtlnul, J!WJQ 'l11WQp 4~11wnw4w0 wnmtln~ 4wJmQ bO
L. qnl10w0nLpJwllp' t11L.w4wQ: l..11w0il bi14WI1 ctwllwQw4whwml{w- IIJ{j11JbUw4w0, Llzw4mpwj~(j ~JW09~ wnwi?W'li1WO w(ill~2W~UJ(j UlW·
6mll IJ'lntuwO_gl{mtl b(i tbq~jl qw11qwgtlwG LnWI1Pbl1 annqb11'
ubi1Q'l~Q ub11m(j 11: > Sb'u U. llntQ~wuJwfi, Gzl{. wztu .• t2 163-164:
30
Sb'u '1. Ul'iwnJWU, =iwJnQ tbQI{~ l.4WU11lnL~Jmu, b('l.,h. 1,2:
=twuw11w4w4wQ 4JwQpnLI1 t11bi'J.~ nLQbgwo ~nlflntumpJmQOb 11 ~
t. UTJ.wJwli, uztt. wzfu., t2 188-170
hb111L.wQ9ntl 011w(j9 L.u ~OwjwO 'lW0'lWrt, J!WJQ L. WJ0l4bu b0J:~w4w b(i U. Uwnqwpjwli, Gzl{. w2tu .. t2 147-168:
120 12 J
hwu2ni./. Uzl-uUJfihmu !l!w ujl lbqm, n[l wJu 4wu w;O ~wLflmt hwpL.wO gbL hwjng tbqijp uwtuwwzfuwphwpwpjWO 2f12WUnul, L. QUill npmd
tbqml:il::ippg lf.ntuwrmLf3JnL0!lbp tndJI:iOw: flpwGp hwlll4WL4bu WJG dnl'\n4.ntflllGbp~ pwnbpG bu. npnOg hbm hw-
ctlntuwnm~Jmuubpo L/10nul bO w0tlf12w4w0 L. llpS!GnrulwtJ.np- Jhf1JJ lllUillbuw4wG, ijlllf1!W4wfi. llzwljmpwJpli LA WJL 4wl4bP m hl'Jf1lt'-
~wli: U(hl~2UJ~wG !:iu UltUWL pwnp u4qpfiwl').pJnLf1Q hwllwpqnfl Lhq4.~g
pbf1nLf)Jntfiubp bu mubgbL:
mnn.w4ttnpbG 4.bpgpw6 pwntp[!, op~Ow4' hwJbpbun nmubnhO~g ml').-
f'1.W~flnptu Ll.bpg(lbL tr um/bt.n, pnuLftJt, unr/funq, ll1f1W/tll1nf1 L. OllwO
'fJwpu[fw[fwO (ppwOwqwO) 1/JnJuwom.pjm.OO/Jp: ~wOw4w-
pwqllwptu.{ pwnbp, npnOg~g zwU1bpo WJUO[l 0mJu~u4 q.np6w6w4w0 4wG wnmlln4. hwJbpbuo wllbuwzwm LjlntuwnmpJmuObn t ljwlllwpbt
i_bG: Uf12Gnnr~w4n.n4.wu bO wJO Lflntuwnmp)mfiOtno. nnnliS! 4WillWJl- L4Wf1uljbpbO~g. npnGg p/14.JJ hwuumll t 1411-~: UJu hwfiqwt1wG,e[!
4.mli bG n~ pb lllLUWL pwn~ u4qp0Wf\PJnLfl[! t'wGI}jluwgnll tbqLI.~g. WJL L4WJilwuw4.np4.w6 t Opwunij, np Owtu' ~wru4trbu{l GnLJGu.tbu h0'1b4.nn-
6~ mnl12' llfl2Gnp!} Ltq4tJg: U)Uti!bu' LWI.ntJObpb[i~ LtnflutnLU (qn{lp/1 ~w4wG tbQLI.WJ]UlllUJU~Q~O t u.p.uiD4w0nul. hwjbflbG~O gbi'\UJ~tlg Lb-
dfrw£/nf1}, JtnfJbpu, /(wut/1li1W[, uttMnul pwnl:if1[! hwJbnbO~O bfJ wfJgtiL qm t, Wl4W. hwjbf1~ m U,fWf1Up4Gbpp hwpL.wGntpjntO[! 2WU1 wLI.bLtl
nmubpbGp llp2ngn4., WJL nt pb nLI'J.fl.W4~nnbO LWlll/lfibpbOt'tg. mulll~ L. h~u t L. qwLjlu t qwpbf1/1 tunne/lg. 11bnL.u ll. p. w. 7·f1ll '1Wf1/1Q:
flfiWGJ? !l~p0npfl.W4WD Lflntuwnmpjm00bJ1 bO: ITlwpu4w4wG Lflntuwnm~JmGGbJ1[! ijbpwpbnnul bG WfllllWP/lfJ
UJu tUilpjl llb2 Ulblllp t wnw06GwglibL WJU pwnbn[!. npnOp QnLJQ wztuwrht't, hwuwpw4wljwu 4JW0Q~ lllWf1pbp ~f1nll.ntf)jnt0Gb[1/1U:
bO lllWL~U WJU 4wll WJfJ bf14f1PU hWlllnL4 bpumjp0bf1, WJU 4wll WJU dn- hwlll4Wl4bu' bp4pwqnp6ntpjwGu m pmuw4w0nt~JWU[!, pO~Ujbu
'1114.f11l~U hwlllm4 unijnpnLjpGbp. 4b0gWI').Wj~O ~pbf1, Wf1UlWilf1WOpubp pntp, WflUWt/, /;Wf]LUUp, ilwOm;wl;, hwuilfl/;, 2WfJQWU, IJ!Wf1li1IIQ,
u wnG: UJUUjbu' ll!:irLI:iqij~ pwnwlljwzwpmll qnp6w6w4w0 bO nmub- t/Wfli'J, tjw{lmOq, o;/101Jfl, Ondfl, pf11~011, 1Jf1W/Ull1 L. WJLO, llwnl'lnt lt
pb0/10 pfJnpnz Uli1DIJI, llmdftl; pwabflf!, ll~2~0wuttw4w0 tbqmObp~g· llwnllOjl llwutr~ wOijwumllubp~o· pwqmf/, IJWUli1W/t, w01JW~, qbu,
IJlLWf[, wl;ftO, tSwUjnObnbO~g' l;flllnOn, qbJlW {UJW01Jn/;Obflft utfln./Jb- fJbilp, dw/;Wl/1, £/WflU, PWl L. WJLU, Q.~UlntpjWUG nt wpijtulll~O w;w-
ufmOw[ IJILU{lmhft), h0q4wgjl0bp~g· lln/twuflO, Ltnwg~Gbp~g' utnLfl/1 L. /;b{ll/1, 1JWuli1/1WflW/t, qwOo, IJI:ifldwl;. IJU/ftfl, pllpml;, Oitwfl, llwv1Jw0,
wnO: (J)ntuwrmtpjmlHibpjl WJU tumllp[! unijnpwpwp wfJLI.wGnLil bO Otjwq, t/Wf11JWIJ!bll7, li1Wl//1'1. dwfuw{IW/t, pw01Jw/;b[, qwOqwl; L. WJLU,
hu..u.n~w4wli lflntuwnnLpJntOGbn: bp4r/1. lLjbUlntpjWU, tl.wf1!w4wG wuijwGmllGbp~(j' w;fuwflh, WUUJI:il/1,
=iwJbnbG[! nt llt'twJO LflntuwnmpJmuObn t 4wlllWf1hL pwqllwpjl4. pfJI:ilfu, qntUWf1li1LU/;, IJWfl, qbOp, Q{lWh, !J20Wil/1, /12fuLU0, h{lnt/Wfl·
LbqmGbJ1f1g, wJLL. llpwdwllw0w4 tJuen L.u Lflntuwlllm Lbqm t: =\wJbflb- li1W/;, null1/1l;w0, UJWU1bf1wqll, UIJILU, ubUJnth, tfwltwO, UWfllJ, Oflqwl;.
G~g WJL tbqmObfl~ bfJ wughL pwqllwp/14. pwnbn: ~,. U6wnjw00 ~J1 UJbll7 L. WJLU, hwqmumjl, qwpl'lbfl/1, wnlllG~G lllOlllbumpJWU, mwu, hwp-
«=iUJjbpbO Wflllwlllwl.jwO pwowpwO~n Q.Ltuwpwnb(l~ 5-J1ll pwd~On uwGppjl L. WJL wuijwGnulQbp' WlJIW{lWOpwO, Qf1Wtl1fll0, pwq, funtjfl, /;n-
uq~(lbL t hwjb(lb(ijlg WJL LbqmubnllO w0gw6 LflwtuwompjmGGbpp(i: 2/1/t, hw01Jbf1d, ilnt2111W/t, pwdw/t, pwfld, IJfllJL, qwilp]m/l. IJIWJnLUW/;,
UJI'l pwnbnjlg bO' Wf[JnLU, wtjb[, qmjO, /UW!, fu0dnf1, utf[/10d, Om;, li1W- Uflt/LU/;, t/W01JW/;, ilnil, 2/12. WUJfllful/1, fun{lli1/1/;L. WJLU:
dwf1, llwdmO, WU,fW OwL.' twt/w;, L. WJLU, p0w4wiiwpwp hG~jntGw4wG, iwJbflbUJJ ~wpu4bpblijlg ltJntu t wnbL GwL. pwqllwp/14. wu?!Gw-
UJf!lllwuwGwljwO qqwtlllf!nLflntumpjmGObpnij: OmGObp L.mbl').wGmGObp, llG!Ulbu' UOwhfll/1, U{l;wl;. t;fltfLUOIJ, UntflM.
Pwnbp~ qq.WL/1 UWU[! Lflntuwnm tbqijpg t wugbL 2Wlll hbnwijnp -./Wf11JWO, Sf7qf1WO, U[1li1W2Wll1, PwqwtfwO, :YflWQfJWO, t./.wuUJm{lUJ-
dwllwGw4Gbpmll, pu4 npnz pwnbp' hblllwqw)nul, llb6 llwuwllp wq- JtwO. r../.WfJLUfllLUUJWlfl L. WJLO:
QWJ~O qrw4wO tbqmubpp ulllb116llwG zn2wumll: Culll WJflll tL U1Wf1· 'llwnu4w4wu Lflntuwnmp 1mOGbnn pGnpnzijmll bG OwL hGumGw-
pbf1wljijmll bO hpG 4wll hGwqnt)U LflntuwnmpjntGGbp L. Gnpwqnl)G 4wO, OL.wpwGw4w0, 4wnmg4_w6QWJ~U llp ZWflR gmg/l!Obnn4.: 'T1Lupu-
ll1 ntuwnmp jnt uObp: 4w4w0 6wqmll mubO hwJbph0/1 hfiW (hflwhwOq, h{lwilwO, hf1WIJIW-
=\. U!SwnjwUp lll4JWL0bpn4.. hwJbnbfip zntf12 11 hwqwp wpllwlll- f1W/;), IJIWUI· {UJWll7bf1WQtJ. UJWli1QWU, UJWli1/;Dfl, UJWll1t//;J7, UJWII1/;bf1,
!Jb[ljlg LflntuwnJWL t 4015-o. npnu9 hpll0w4w0mll hwJbpbO~u bu wG- UJWli1Df1Wqil), f/ llwuGjl4n4. L. -wll 4.br2w4.nnm~Jwllp (nrn UlJwqwlJ.wO
122 123
. "· . ' ;_i·j ;{~'.ii.t\1{;111
pwntno {ljwhwO. LjwtJqwl.;, 1/Wfi!J. l/h;1UW/;, uw- 1w;bflbU[! hmuwnbufig Lfintu t wnbt uwla ur ZUJflP- wuaGwGmG-
,:u:, !Jflj/Mlll~
r;/w!;. t/tbpf;qwf;. I.JI!(.!W/j I.. WJLU): Gb[l, 11GtlJ.!bu' lJuf'l.fllit.w, Pwpub!J, '1/lflw/jnu, =ibrz/luh, Ujluwu, 1i..nurr
~ hWpUJUlU4LI.'il UUJu(lj-,4Ghphg U/tU[lLJlJ,bpbupq b[! W[tgbl l.iiLf/ b. f]d 'Tlblflpnu, 'TJn![nu, Ump/lwu, <./.wu/1[, t;flwOnu L. U!JL[t:
dlwntnL:wLi Owrulu6wfigfll::lpmJ L. lfiWp, wOw{:, :.uO, wiJr;.wlj, UfwO, uzbG£ Owu, np r,pplL opl'!0tu£Wttmqnmu hmuw4wC! awqnul mGbQ
m.m.tdi 4_urpw6wCtgGtpnt.t ~uiqtilju.1tr pwquuJ~tnl pwnbn, t101- htJllGw~wOnul WJU pwnbfl[l {h' hLUmml.f, L. hll!lll'JftiU4}. npnuQ ltbp~w
LL! hu. WUfbOI!.J/7.lllJ, WU/fliJ, !]dpW/Utfl, lJ(fq. fll_tfi,!Jli..llflllHfWU, .f'l1t/W/Jt]W/j. Ltnpltmll tO -nu L. -nu liwu[lp~[!bpn4_. ru!UJ!:iu - bulftuljn111nu, fJWflfJW-
Lmtjliiwli!Jw/;, W?U1W{ji.Jilf. hw(]qw{)wf;, Ujli!,?iJlfl/WU, 11/Wl?I!III/Wfi, fiw- f1nu. hjnw;wmnu, tlwpbtfwmftljnu, otf/j/lwOnu, hb{lbm/11/nu. wtlp/lnD.
illiliLJttn, U!.J.!lUJIWU/!J/.17, t;Wt.r.U.f/ltnWiJ 211lhiJJlJU1'1J{j h Ltll! u:
bnabhnO, LhtJnO, ljflmnnO. tljmnn!J. Ltlllwf)/mO h ~llJLCi:
· · ru~Ufbu wf1 11 bo Gzbtl:iGE. hmOuJrbutJ Lil12ngn1~ hwJbptu~u bG u!O·
t)u~t4bu OlJ,uHnb, t -::fl. U6wnrwCl11. t4u1ru~urhfit< wql1hgmf3Jmuu
gl:iL uwh IJI'l 2WPE ptLmbp bppwjbptfijlg, tJUt_Ujlil!' Wfb(nL/ltu, q.bhbu,
~:.Jjbpt.utJ Ljrw QriJil.!Uli.At[ t l.'itiujL. '11-nrf flWflQ, WJU~IipG lltlUil.a lltJU
hnpbLfwO, pnunfl, flWpp/1. flWppm0/1, m/Utuuliw h wnu. tJG~UJI:iU Owl.t
dtlJIJUJuwy, i:.ipp 1LUJI..Il1JI)iUJU hu ubptunu:Ynul /3nlflflW4W(! PWflplUJlnU
tltJ ZWJlE wuMwumuGtr' Upbf, il(JflWhwlf, UfJ.LUif, Uliuw, PWI]!)WUlUfl,
g~f!bflQ L. flnbug mrpwu.jb!.llmpjm{j(j bu hwuLnwuJntll hi.UJOfl~ ~pw:
'fwl.//lp, Ot/Jflblf, nmpliO, Uwhwq, filwt!wfl. Uw!Jtfl:iL. Uwfl/lWtl, U/lpw-
UJu zngwu~tg UJfl!lbG Ujwpuljbpt.ilih wqf1.bgnt!}lntliu hwJbnbutJ t.tnuJ t..nb- JG[, nmpbO, Uwhwl;L. wnu:
llh t !li.ubOnul ~nlf1.Qbj!hup utJ~ngm{:
Upwpwlfwli ¢nJuwnntpjnLiilibp: 1wJbphOpG wnwpbnturg wG-
=fntuw!;wfi ¢nj'uwnmp]m.Oulif1: ~mGtJJ4wG Lhntw.~.wnt PJmGGbpo gw6 LftntuwompJmuubpO wlthLP mz 2112w011 tl:iqt.lw~wu ppnqmpJmli-
hwJbnblii1G tu wGgb[ huJtnl~wt-4bu 3-4 Pill"fU.ifib!lmti, trp huJJbflQ 301 utip b(j' 7-10-[11} I}WJlbjlnLU, bpp wpwpC!tp(J uttun5nul bu 1WJWUl!llliU[!,
t)~uJ~;uJfihft u~u•zmnOwutbu nGflmGbg[lu Pf111!.nnnfJt:mLpJntu[!: 'l'Jw~.nw l.a WUJW' 12-Jl'l I}Wflnlll nL flJlWUt'lg hbum. bpp WflWp!itpG ~pbug P2-
hwl~uJu ~tr. nf1 l'lJu d"wtlwOtu4•JJhwmLjw6mll u qpwlitJg hbum hwJbno tuwumpjnLUU bli hwuUlwt..nnul 4PLP4PWJnLU m llunfli'!Enul: Upwpbpb-
hmOvJrJtGrg l'nupq•Ju:(itgru Uut..nl.{u.J6tu2nL0![1. tJlitlllbu uu.1L. utJ zwfl~ upg hwJbpbul'lli bu wugbL zmp~ 700 pum, nnnug ll~ llwuo qpwljwu
pbpw~wGwL:u·r~ l.t lh~LI'lun4'twJw4tun lll2inwl11nL~JmuGbn: UOhpwctbzt..n LftntuwnmpJmGubp bli, pulj llJn~.uObfl[! hwJbpl:iGpu bG wugbl pwuwqnp
t G~br_ GUJL WJU hwGQWUWGB[J, np hm(nupt.Grg I~UJI11UJ[lqw6 Lflnfuw- bqu.Ww4mt: Upwpw~wu lflntuwnmpjmGOtpo htulGw4wGnul t.lbpwpb-
r>ntifJJnt(JfJlJnn hiJJjl.ipbupu b(i Lt.JGgl:iL hp:.JGLII~WUillU qpw4wu ISwuw- pnul bu q.tnnmpJWU[!, wpqbut..npli La uJphl:wt..nl'lO (wfp/lt..1j1w, rJmubm/1/j,
ltflUpllrH{: :-fl. UnwnJuriill 4.4wJnri"J'W.1J:!' hmuwpbupg hwJbpbGpG bO lL/WJUIWf7, til/nun (Q.QflWfl), hwq.wtl (uwt/Jf7/11} LA lt''LD), bplwwq.np6mp-
1wuG m pnlUW~wu wz[uwphp(j (wt/JfmO, pw/jjW, h/1011.J, UWfWp. ,nmq
i.u!ir.~bL 918 pum !! i1mGwpbf1tJ 11j19.non•~ LHJli1hGI·mf!utJg' 151 p1.un: ~m
(pfl/lOd), junft-, Lt uJJLij), uJnliifitlli IJlGLill.mmf}Ju.\G[!. rd2.lJntf3JWU£! rpwu.
liwrt.ii~q ljwmwrtlw6 t{n,!uumntf}Jmljubrtr; t.u j1t~iUIHfllUJtJG tnwppbr
juU/lfl, /jn!]Lijlip, uun,nt ~- fimqw, ZWJTL!/(' (tw1bj f/1 q!;rz), lnwJwmtJu (1m
rutlpbfl!"J tlU UfLJJI.nl.p.uOnut 1unnl..itUU!bU qhnr•ztHrf1 !:;0 11ztui.JntfHUJt'l0
f)Wgwt.{) la WJl u):
!~J'l!OflpG, IJ,bugulflflU l{bpwptirnq pwnb!l!J, flOitqb.u !lli~Lullbllfltu, wll-
Upwpbpb[i~g hu wOgbt uwh dp 2WJlJ:1 hunnml{ wl:imGObp' Utlftfl,
r~nL, wo~rf:.lwUlpnu, wl(lub, pbu, qwr'Jt~ILt1Ulfl, q.w~tulil, li~bn, tnqb- lJuwfJ, lJLJf/1, 'fm/twp, ~wuwu, 9wLWfla tuJlG: '-lwG Owlt pwq1lw~ptl w-
hnO. qbLt1Jnll1, lj~I~LUn, 4Ltlllw, UjUU.t4, Ujnbtn, UlWr['VC!fl, 4f1~pfi, UUlW- pwpwljwO tftnfuummpjmGGbp' hwlll~UH.lJI:lU pdz4mJ3JWU[!, pnLJubppu
lingu, lllhu-n.u(j!.. UJJtU, t'lul!liJll.fUJ. 4pnUUJljtu0-bljhi'JUIQWljwf.i j:!WrlOJl' b- m ~bOI}wGw4wu wztuwphl'l!i. wnopJw lJJlllU.Qpu ltbpwpbJlnll. npnug
llfi'IU~11il.JOU, bljbr:bgfi, ~GO, l~wf.lntfll.!, thmnmn, uhnnf1, ~Pflllll~~. IJ~WU'l qwqmg Wfll}bu qnp6w6Lu4wu t.bG:
pfltlJn2 t..ljlllnG tJ wnu: 1w2nnq ~JLiphr•D L/bpLuptpn• tl IJG l~bftf)wu~ub
Uunpw"wO ¢njvwnmpjmlifibp: Uunrwljwli hwnwpbpmp-
rth. PntJubnr. hwu,gbp~ 1.~. WJL IJ.lG~u•OnulDbrtflG, hGJl4bu· fluJ!f1up. tl'l- 1muubp[! hWJbflfl hbtn u4u4!JL bu huwqnLJu dwtlwuwl{Gbpfl~· flbnl.au
tlnU. l~bnwu, ~PUiflnU, htuldlOjt, Uwpq~q. UbiJ[lLUi.l(nHJ {ot1bjlmlj), lli:iL-
ll.p..w. 2-Jll}flWJlpg: 0Lzwqpwl.{ t, nr hwjbpbG WrlUJ{!~(j qfipp[! «Unl'\n-
4'1tJCJ 4bl!l. t..nwnbtu. 4nl~nflfl.f'in•.J, t.jwJuptuti, 'IJilLUtlwr•n. huJljj10p, 1jb. tlnufi wnwl{Cibp[p), ~wpqtlwut.lhL t wunp':ipbOf:g: Uunpwtp.uu lflntuw·
U1UHl_. PlnLf1brt G IIJJtii:
ompjnLiiul:ip[! hUIJbflbGmo hwuGnu) bCI2l·i-p:
!25
(U/w0qm/UU7), {;n/U{1tif 1~ IJ.JJLU; im~ljiJJLIJwiJ Uh LhQn d! tpjlg llilHJQI:iiiu-
Uunpu 1 ~wli tt'l n (uw m:L~JmGiibjl[! I.J•j ~rtlig Wflil1WhWJI11WO p- up llp2ngntt hWJtpbup(i b(j WUybL 4biigwrl~tU 1;. trdi t;eiJUnlJTJIJJU~ tih-
!lwumubnrnl pUiqumpGntJJ:} bu . hl1Jtnl.jtJJF./bl! uJ tfbLil hwtSUJtuwl!~ q.nr.- pwpbpnll. zntf12 40 ~-:wn:
owompJm O mub!i UJnl!l(ipu m(tiJ1bUI'!LfiJWL![] 4bfl!JJf:!bpnl} pwnbprf qw-
g/Ju. 21Ut!ifmJ.fi, ilw/uwp , Z!Jfi'IU, qW/}LfW, ljnqnif, <iPll.Hilj}JwGu m wp-
t~h~H.n.I1 Ci tlhpu..'pt w !rL i!'J.!!lbfllf !lwq.ll.!t1WP. hr.L.t; fuf, t/7/1i/1unt/II.U, tJOCI]W,
p0wf1. nu.nl.JL/'.2 h Qt.h~ bll tD' /Ut.Ytj/to, fut1nf1, db!J-, tfwOwOw. ll!WZllmD- tmrll linpwqnLJG lflntuwnmpJntfJflbfl~ pmnwi.;uJmt ,j til hHiJng tbqt[n
(jbp h ~bGP.bfl '!.lfltlL'![imt ' ~'JV/7{1UJ, !;mJu, WJ}Unj1. qwrzmp, UW/}U, zlif]p, OwtunpqlftntLbrmll· ~pwpwpnul, ~P211Ci huJJ hp b;::,,-,~.,_! _ i, q.nru:~•.u~wl{•.uG lili
ui.f/70, unu.i/Jjl h f.UJLfl, hu1qmutn L qwp fibfl . Ql7lf1Jil.ll, juwOrJwpmp, upWJU Gnp hw]b(lbGmu: UJu lJ'Intuwnmp]ntUflbp[! hj1 U [WJijLJ.Jflnu~ 4w1I1wp-
2!J.!Wf1, dwuwGwl1 gnL]g uJL!nll pwnbp[f f)Wf1, 2wpwp, nLf1pwp LL WJLU, t{bL bfl bqpnll.jw~wfl tbqnLObppg h qb[lwqwfigwll!bil nm •Jbrtiilitlg:
~ugqbu uuJI.. tl~ 2Uiii~ hu..!l!lfll4 ;.u0m00bjl, wt:iMiwumGGbp' Upqwf1, tl{pn~qw4wCi [bqmubp~g 4Wll1Wf1ttw6 lJlntuwnmpJnLlilibpQ wllbQ~g
Uhwj7n0, CIJ./12/:i, Cu.nf/1(1Wtl, CmzwO. Uwf1qf7u u wnli: wnw2 llfl20npqwttnp~w0 b(j nnLUbpbGp tlfl2ngn4, !lu4 4bf12fl(j ll1Wflj1Uh ·
(lpU wGtl~2w4wG lf1ntuwnnt~JntGGbp bfl' hwt.n4wl1.jbll wflqtbf1blipg:
lanLfllll!lftwli ifmjuummpJmfiliiJ{I: lclmp~-PWF'WPW4wli lfln-
l>f1wliubrbl( .g hwJbpb!ipG bfl wflgbL qnu!/Jbf1w0u, llff11l.flbf7w0u,
tuumntf}J ndiubp[] hwJbp!:iGnul u4qp0w4np4m~ bfl l)bnLLu 11 - 12-pl) -
ptJ;, hwjl]nL/; (0w6 ' J/1UW[1M), i/1!/{1. Uj{1nU/WQWUfJt!.J. lfWP•1/1liwf , hn{l/1·
qwpbnpg u utWJOWCiwl{n;1ltLu6 b(i fi2~w6 c:tun~w£iw~W2P2WC.nul <J>nEfl
qnu, tlbpnl], dbuU7, hmGwpbG~g uq;mn, t/fwf1nU, pmfldmwq/1w 1.~ WJLG:
Uupw libptumctwo pmp,e-~wpwpw4wli gb11,bpp 111PflW~bl11nL~Jwllp :
UJUO[l llbfl qf1w4w0 lL tunuw4gw4wG tbqmCibj'lj1 pwrlWUjUJ2WPP ~fllll
I"G~w,bu 04uJtilbL t ~fl. Ut'iwnJwGn. WJU wql'}bgm~JnLUIJ hwJbpb-
LnLf12 wqql:igntpjntCi t qn116mll wflqLbflbGtl pwnWll!WZWfl[! hwU14W-
flmtl hwi!14Wll!bu C.4wmb[p t ptuppwnGbpp ~pw: IJ~b hwJ pwppwnflb-
l1.jbU qllU1WU'IbtuOf14w4wli, UifJU"Ibuntf}JWii. w n L.I11J1~• LL 4bflgWflWJI•fl n-
pnuJ pmpewl!u•£i LflnfuwnmpJmfilibnu hwuunul bu lltJGii.A 4000-jl, w-
[nj'\Ulflbpmll. tJGitLJbu' tlw{1/;l:ip, UWf11fbp{11Jq, pnm,j10q, Lllfll:iPftOq: un-
l.LJW qpw4wfl lbqlfmrj qpwGg p~lll:! ~wqllnul t [!UI)wllbfl[] 1700, npnfl-
pwqntjU lftntuwnmpJm!ilibppllb2 qbppztunll.ll-bfl mflp rmLUbpbGn :
gpg zwUl l:nbpl:i bG tilWptu6mll ql11bL L. qnnow6w4w0 bu q.pw4w0 Lbq-
l{nul: fClmp~bflbG~g uJOgwa ~~ 2Wfl.R lf1ntuwnm~Jmliubp lltJ2unpqw- nntuw/[wO t/m/flwompjntOOIJfl: llmubpli011g 41.w.nwpqwo i.tJn
l{npl{w6 !::iii, WJufl!ip(J ' flf1WU.R hwjbpbGpO bG wGgbL 4wll l.LJW[lU~bpb tuwnm~JmGlibp[! hwu-~~w~qbu G4wl11bLP tO 18-pl) lllllf•P wnw2pu QW ·
(j~g 4wll wnwpbrbupg ~ rn rntpbGjlllp2ngnl{ : nnpl)~g. bpp UpLLbuwG ,WJWUl11WU[! ujlwl{npL!nu) t 11muwuU1UJGpfl (1828
l'antf1Qbpb0jlg 4WU1!.l!f1I.[W6 lf1nfuW il nLfljnLiirib[lQ hptlflw4w!inul p.): fl.muw~wu ~Pntuwnm~JmfiGbnn qbpwqwGgwu~bu 4wlilwfltlbt
tlbpwpbpnul bQ mumbtmlf}JWG, wfluJUUWUjWhnL~JwG lL 4bflgWI}WJPU t;(j qpwlfnp tlWUWLLJUJ[lhn4 L.jlllwumwjpli 1.11buw4bu1jlg pwqllwpflntJfl
!.llwppbp ntnru.nl!.bntlG, npnGR hwii14wu~bu qnp6w6w4wG bu tunuw4· bu, hjlllliw4wDnul ~bpwpbpmll bG qwpiw4wu , 1.11Cilllbuw4wli, ~wl}w
gw4wG tbql{nul. flGtLLlbu ' p1pwu, opwju, JWfl!J, }nf, ;n1w (Jntw qOwt). pw4wG. nwqtlw4wfl, 4bligWI}WJpfl hwpwpbpntp]ntfllibp!lO. llUilllbu'
plilj, p/7/f, bJWI/, p nufwu, lf7fll.i/f1Wf/, fJntpli;. wpwpl:iq, pl:if]. t/wanfj, qnJ/Unq, um/l:iU7, pnf12f, l/nU7L bU7, UIIIL tJb0/7, ll{nOfft l;, UWI.l/nq. f){lnuf/1-
UWllffH.U", fuwump, fuwpmD {l!1/11/i~0), /ZJnl!1n{l L. WJLii: uw, U7Wlif/, pnlli.Jftfl, f)nlllW, UU7I:iU/, /;nt[Wlj, Li?I.UJQU!, qwqu L. WJLU:
tunuw4gw~w0 LbqLtnul pwl!w~wGpG qnp6wbw4wu bii pmft/Wf1, tfwL-
t/.pwgm~'!IJIJ !/mlawtmJ.p_m!.lj{]IJf7: Y.pwgw4wG lf1ntuwnmpJm£ilibf1Q
hwJbpbC!mu llJL!I:it~ m2 zp2wGp tbql{w4wli ~pnl}ntpJntfiObp bQ ' u4uwo JWf1, UjWfU7n, gl:iu; L. WJLii:
Pwqllwpp4 pwnbp hwjbpbGpfl bfl wligbL nnLUbfll::iO pwo!ipp tilUJ-
12-pq 'lWfl~ g: 'lflwup, flG i tLJbu flzntll t 1p. U6wnJwli[]. wGgbL bu qnw-
nwgp pwpqtlwGntpjWllp L. (!UI11 Wjl)il tL ~i1t4mll b(j ptlJI"JLUJ~(j UjWI!liSb-
l.(np L. pw0w~nf1 bf1.wliw~mt lA wtlbtr zw111 ctnl}nl.(pf1wtunuw4gw4wG
(jmllCibp, flGitLJbu· /70pliwp{1n. /10JJIJwquwy, hupuwhnu../1/Jpuw!Jo.
pGnLJI"P bu . tlnt.nwL!nn uJtl.!!:iu 60 ptun. npnGp qwuwqwli Gzwflw4mp-
/10pUn{1nlnLU, hlii]W2f1Pnlll, QUf)Wg/J(i, qj1UWUJW2tll, 1}lif7WI./wamgmtl,
Jnt00bp b[! UJ[lU'IWhWJlflflllj_ ~U!U.JIW' juwq (q/1~). pnq, tfl:iu, ffwrz, tfj1U7,
t.l7/i1/7f, tlwz/JI.f. l/mg/1.!, U.'i"Jf?, ,oqwtf!Jt, 6nfJ (tfnL2t.rilllf.t qw{1nfJ), /U/IqwO 127
12(!
pmrfpntj(l, ilbt J!!LWIJiiilllJg, PPI/Wtf/70 1.! WJLU: tljl ZWfll? pumbf1 4wqll4bt J1W04.bL bu OlllWf1Wpwlimpjmli0bptJ: 0Lpbll(j OUlWJlWJ:!WUnLPJnLUU!:ifl[l
bO 12n tU0[1b U pwr.bflp ;j h thuu~ )}WJlqOUJUnl~jUJUp , ~(j~1.4bu ' i1/0L17pwfiq, n! pb hwJl~tt. nur,.mlibttJ pwnWJ~Ci llpw4_npubr bli , WJL wCihwplj~.
otJ!lJ/lnhw!jnltfJf!uf. mefihwtJ(f mjg, J.J/Ufilwppoiil. hwi;wqwq, f}Wf!.PJnL- ~L4WU1~Wnwpw(i4_w0 pwnbp 4wll !?b[lWliWUWl.jw(i ~l..tbf! :
(In utbt.'7Wt/tflliifiOlJ,Jilt f.'J17dj h HJJLr:i, np nuQ ttl!l•l4.nuJ bu ~puwl4W111rib dwtlwOwl.j~ [!UpwgpnLU tbqq~ Q_W[lqWgULUU !IlWJlpb!'l LtJnqiJ[1nLil .
GntLHibJ1 : ~U!ll.IOU Wf'lllbu Gz4.bg, ~ntuwnmpJmfiUI:iJl~ qqwtll llwuo 4.bf1w64nu1 t
flmubpbG[! hu.HiJi~ Lu li.JilU huJOribu t L4bL np14bu lltJ20nJ1'l U1Wf1pbp 01!1Wf1Wpw0mpjm01Jbr~. OJ1n0p ~ hwG~GwpUJflbl~ tl:ili hWI.Jl~wl!jtu
tbqmObppg pwqOU.If}tH! rtunliJltl ~'ln~•JWilnLJ}JWG ctwuu:Ow4. ~(j~1.4iw ' ~u Ql'lWl.jWU tbq4_mll:
UfuJUbflbuhg ' /vnu;w, u/lt nv hntUJUflbflbU~g· u1f1Wi1/. hnt, '6wUfnUb[1b- OUlwJ1wpwOmpJmuubf1[! tirGmll bli pwnwJ~Ci l..t £!bpw~wuw~wG :
G~g· d;m(Jn. un;w. /lfiiipwOw, jlb{i, qbpllwObflbO~g· llwpl;, wm!i ~ WJlO: UbJl l+flw~wu hwJbflbGnul pwllWJ~O omwpwpwCrmpJmfiCibpp hWflQD
ll>ntuwnmi')JnLUUbJlO L. pwllUJUfWUHibOnulUbfl[! llbp tbq411 pwnw- hwllbllwmwpw(l hbzUl t Lm04_nul. 'lllWU~ qnp6wOnlJ:tJntfl~g wu111p6w -
L4UllW(lnl.l] 4wrmrt bu qn[16wo4_bt WJiipwO dwllwOwl.j , pwOr 'lim hw- Gwpwf1 flnLJlU t;O quJ~~u. bpp Qf1w4w0 ttqmG uUlbl'l.OnLil t llJlWGg hw-
JbrtJfio !~ UlflbrtObt WJll pwnbp~(j hwllW1.4WIIlWUtuw!i WQ.O,'UJflli ()L,b[l: tlw~wlllwutuwO hwllw[1dbp OL.b!l[! : PWilWJ1W0wqtlpGbJ1~ 4.~WJnlP·
JWllp L[bf12~G UlW.JUWtlJw~mll qpw4wli Lbnt.[~ pwnUJL4W2WJl~g flnLpu
bu llGwgbL tu4.1::iL~ ~wu 10-15 hwqwr pwnwJ~G otnwpwpwum~JmCtflbfl,
OSUPUPUun~~snrLutr u 'lJlWUQ tllnf"uwpb(j Utllbl'\.64_bt hi.UilWI..l.IWtllWUtJ,JWU hWJbpb(j Cl..tb[lQ :
=twllbllWIIlWpW[l w4_bt~ fl04.WJ1 b(i hWI'\.!}WhWJ14_nlll pbf1W4WULL!-
t'oU!L4bU Wf1flbli uz~bg, ~ntuwnnL~JMlGQ Jni.[1Wf!WU!JnLJ1 Lbqqp 4w0, hWlll~Wll.lbU 2Wf1WhjnLUW~UJ(j Oli1WJ1WpWUnLJ}jnLUUI:ip[!, nJ1nU!1
hwOWfl hwp~jl, wuhpwclbzul tbqqw~w(i llnnll.nLJ}JnLU t. bpp UlllJWL tb- llb[1ibql.{~li tunl'lf~. wGhWJlPJ'l 2WJ1WhjnLUW~Wli ~wnnljgCibp b[l:
qmu, f!wCitJ r~bn ttr ublflwl.jwu pwnw1.4w2wrr tlp2ngn4. t~ 4WJ1nl'\. wJu IJJU tlwu~(j 4tunu4_~ flWUWQfl!?P hWUWUfWlilwuf"uw(j pwdpuflb-
~w~ WJU UnJl WllWJ14wG , brtLnLJf31] . nnL.t hwu~wgm~jmG wG4_wObt, JlnLU:
pGw4wliwpwJ'I lilLUWL wu4_wCinlllQ L4l::illlf! t t.l.bpgu~ WJU Ljwtl WJG tbq-
4.ng: UJuL4bu · wflgJwL rfWJlP 50- w~wG ~4w~wGutrpG , bnp uUlbrt64.bg PuU:)U3uU4U'L P.Untr
htmnLUUlWQmJg[l, hulJbrtuou.i r~fiW hwJbf1t:;u wli4_wlimllo flbn~u ~4Wfl,
l..t WJ'l pu~ UjUJUlOi.U flllll np(Jz du.tllwuw~ (lfiJ16w04_mu t[l «UlbLbtl~qn(l» OwqmlluwpwlillJ1l:iU WllWU~~(j tumllp bQ ljwqllmu pt:iW6UlJLlW ·
pwao. nJl[! nmubptit:.it.g tp WU!JLL hwJbflbu~u: =ibUlWQWJOLU tlbn tbqmG LjwO pwnbp~, n[1nli~ WrlWJ14WUb[1t'J. l.jbUI}WUpUbJlj'l. pfint~JWU wnwu-
nrn~tiU PWilWJpU l4UJliiiSb(imu UlfllJilObg /Jbnnl1Jl!7Wgm;g pWil[!, n[1~ (\~(j b[11.&nLJpGbp~. ·~WJUbf1~. IS~~bfl~ GllwGmpJWUp 1.. flflWGg hb!IlL.wG-
Qnf10W6w~w(i r,.wpowq ~ WUili~iSwGwpWf1 l}nL[1U lll'\.bg Ciwtul.j~G ~u[! : ~nq bG WOW2WQbt: =tr . UISwnjwGtt 4.4wJnLpjwllp' uzqw6 tullpp pw-
UJUCf1 wrulbCi «Ulbtb4_pqnf1» pwilQ n! ~b lflntuwnmpJmG t , WJL. ornw- nbnG ~pbCig hwllw~wmwutuwG (l~bJlQ ~Wflnl'\. bu mfibfiWL f1G~L4bu gb-
[1wpwCim~JnLU, !?WU~ nJlllbp tbqm(i m(i~ ~Jl hwtlWL4WI.IlWUf"uw[i, hw- 11.W4~g. WJU~bu L. "'- gbqw~~g LbqmCrbJlnUt UJUI..l.lbu· hwjbpbufl ljqm.
tlwpctbfj wqqwJflfi 6Lo : UJu CinLJ(j l::i11.wGw~nq dwtlwCiw4tJG qnp6wow- hniJiniJI, pm 1..t urlwG pwqllwp~4. pwnbfl flflbOg CruwOwl.jGI:.i!1D (nrm 2
[twu tttu ltmtmnLfiW, UJfiLlHJ/lgfiw, f1i:Wl1/nLPL/l/;w, unqbm, Ll7nLf1/1ULI1 1..t hCitJnLiiwtllntumpJwllp) mOI::iu nmubpbfl . 1.4Wilu~bJ1hli, ~[lwCiubpbu ,
GllwG pwqllw~n4. pu.mbrr . npn(ifl dwuwGw~pu hwJbJlbGn pwnwl.4w - qbf11lwubpbG, hmu•.opbu lA llf' zw11~ wn tl::iqmGbf1nLil:
2Wfl t~li tlnLUlf' QOjlObl n[1L4bU ~ntJ,JWilnLf3JnLUubp, WJUOfl WJlflbU, b[1p =tp. UtiwnJWU~ hwz4.mtl0bf1n4. hwJbflbCimtl qnJ1liw64nul bu 2nLJ12
ubn lbqmG PJ'l ublj'u.u4w0 PWfll.U4wqtlwl.jw(i llppngCihf1nL! UU1brt6bt t 153 pGwow1Gw4wli pwnbJl , n[lnflg hfltluw4wCrnu:i ~wqtl4_wo bG hbug
'lflWiig hwllwufwlllwup.!wu h!llJI:.iJlbG ' ll;wqm;p. wtfwfiqm;p. hwupw- Pflb(jg WllW2tJ(j PWrtWOWJ(jtJg , "I'll:! l..t urwug wnuwm(j t: 0Lzwqrw4 L
f.l./OLJ1nLpJmfi, Junpnnt{IIJ, qpnliWlflP/1/t O~bf1[! , liwfu4tJGOh[1U WflflOU 4_b- nJ1 puw~wJGw4wCi rlbl.j WJlUWUl~g ~WJlnl'l b(j 4wqtl4.bt pUJqliw~~4. Gnr.
g•
12'1
pwnbp,-tJOtUibu' pqqtu[, pqpqtu[, pqpqng, pqqwO, Oft/LUJO, Oft/[wgObJ, pwnw1..4W2WPD qwuw~wpqtL hbllll,.JWL tl.Jllpbp~· qpwpwpJWli pwnbp,
UJt/Ln(J, Uft/LntO, IIJ/t!tuf, /IJqJtuO, /til!!tugOb[, "'"Jng, ftll!!ntO b. IUJJU: llll21lli hwjbpb[i pwnbp, pwppwnwJjlli pwnbn. wp~LhnwhwJbpb[i pw-
POwawjliW~w(j pwnbp[! ~u ~pb[ig owqnulmt llWUL!nul b[i p[i~~ nbp ~ linp hwjbpb[i pwnbp:
hwjbpbii pwnbrt~ zwpgo:
Q.I"UPU1"3Uu PUfltil"
PwrJW'-4WZWI111 UJJU uwu0LU£bnii111 hwilwr nnUJI:iU Ltqt.lwpwOw- n!Sw~u!G, 4Pfllt~ruul~u.!G ll!flnlllTJ!~ WJU ptunw2bfitnnul wuhpwdb}lll
L:w!J [IUrj.hw::imn pGnLj3tuq.hf1 tr,. Ui1WJWU[! U2nlll t WJU, nf1 I'J.PW ub~ t wnwuafwJgtib!. 1U)i't4bu !Jw.'-!uu;, ut11 qpQIJIJtl[! rwnlifl[l, npnO.P uwh
-.Ju1Gnrt pwntro hwii!mlj tu u~ntqowqnpowljwu n6bp~u pwuwulTlbfl6 llwUWtftLUlj qnj'h~JUjOIILI=!}rllG mGhfJ, L':HH!.!J;I!Ur.~!:ii_ bu qmm Qf'lLUI..jWU 61Ji
;.\:i ~flufWUUJG, q~mGwl~iuG ~b hnwtljwr.w~wj1inu, •.l.ll.!.i2!11nuJw 13-b pwu- UI.JJUjW[1hnt.! l.1. wnw~LLWL\.jr'.! qnp:J l:iG tu('!4nu'i q.bf!.WjilfbUUiliJ~UlU,
·~nf1,un tunupnLJ. JnLJifl.l£WUHnlll ilWflfl. tunubL~U l.jwtl qpbL~U Oqumul t hllWUJWpw4wtunuwl.jwG l1 qfiUltul~wf• n1St.pnu5. U. tLnJWU[) Dbrt qf1pLu-
n1. u~wJu l!HtJWl LbCl.ti~ Gnf11lwJpG hwllWUJWIIlWL'~wGbgubL ~11 tunuRQ. J~U pw!lbfl~• 2b11m~u t LJ.I:iflwqpnut
WJlll huwnwLI.nppG iWl~ qbrJ.bgp4. UJWt.n4bf1Wl~.nfl, fitipwqqnq tunuyn!J.. w) tu~ultl uwhuwuwlhuJlj ~~~pwnm~JnLG mOhgnq pwnb11· Wf1P2/If;l,
UlflliiWhWJillLJ.bt: UJu ltlbuwl!bl'l~g limnbGwLnll. tL lhqtJwpwGo pwnbpp hnppn[7pbf, tfbtl, pwilplij (UUliJ, {}b[7W(l/jb[), flt..'Lfil.lJU, U/IU[,Pn{l, dmd/;Uif,
WJU tlwuGwzbpltl[! wul{wfimll t uwlt pwnWL4W2W(lp Ulntirl.6wqnf10W- !'J/IIf1WUfWUif1, D{jpmnuJ, wfit.n[1/11.17nlf1 {tulit/m/vhwr.nm;g) L llJILU,
4wG ilWUUW2b(l111, pwjg ~w[j~ np ULllbrJ.OWq.np6wljwG n'6[! wtlbu~g w- p) hCtwgw6 pwnl:in L. pwflw~L.bp, nrnGg t'ib6 !lwun qwlllu t hnu hw-
l{bttJ gw)tnmO m wuuwhllwuwltlw4 r}(lUL.nf1mllu mG~ pwliwumbrt6w- Jbpbupg. ~G~UJbtl WJf1. qw;.Piii {IJ!llffoWpb[}, OwLfwq (Owtjwuw/7), npbf
~~wG Lbq4,umtinul. nLUUlft ~ tlhwdwtlw0w4 WJU zbpLllpu IJIWLPU t GwL. (pwl/7/:it). hwOqntjil (uilwfJ), IJWtnWfl (oqOwqwfJ, hl:iOWflW[i) L. WJL G,
pwuw•Jltlbrt,Ow~wu wGLl,wumll[! : UJGmwubGwJutnt «pr•1Gwumbrt6w-
35
q) pw0wutntHl6'.u4u.l0 pL•mbn fl{lv.Jh{lnLIJ. huw;.ruO, J.7l2w{iw-
Ljw0>) ~n!LJ.WO pwnbpp 1\Jmlip[! u ppbug WfllllWhWJiNWljWUnLJ}jWilp, l.a f!nLff1, nuftbhm(l, Pflf, /WPt/Wf!FJ, il/nlflll/mf1, Uj]WfJjbfUJQ.bfl ~ WJLG,
U.!lflwr.rw~wG qnpU1nq nt hw6wtuw4wump)wllp npnzwljpnpbG IJ1Wfl- !'J.) wpL.1hnwhuJJ llflUJljwu 1.tq4.~ pwnli11 wnftOp/Jbt. ;t:O;nq L. wn£i:
pbf1Ll.md t q.pwi.Jwfi-qil,PWJ~U pW!WJ2b(lU1pg uwi.J. UflWGml, nn UflWUQ w- q.pwljwu pwnwfl4W2LupG mup lh.ul. qnnownwljw!i lU.ljG lj~pw
LJ.bLP Gbrt L. JnLf1whwumt4 pGnLJP nLubu, gwGwljwUJbU w4.bLP 1/P! bG u nmpjntuubp lL oum Lhqlj_p hww.upwljtuLruJ!! q.np6tunmpJWU llf.nfliJlUbpp'
hwubUwU1wpwp odli1Llw6 bG pwnpuwumwjpu uwhllwuwl[lw4nq:~Jwllp, pwdwu!lnul t qtnnwljt.•JO n6~. mn 111tli[ t Qfl\-''ll.nul thuuGulq.pmwl.jwu
nrn2 i_w!Pn4. pf1b0g tl.rw ljpmlll:iG Gwl.a humpJwO lju~~ L. hwlSwtu wnop- pWr1WUJVIZ1Up[!, hfWJL1.{WflUJ~Lutunuu!ljWU ntip pumbn, Of1nG£
Jw-tunuw4gwljwG n6nul mGbO i_bqng hwGwpdhEflbp ljwll hnuwG~2Gbp, []UJl.q.p44_nll~ bu P.lU!l'J..IJ;IUJ!.jLUU qwrtW'i'II.IJfltHiju!O, Q.nLUl h(lWL4WflLUI.iwi\Jn-
nu~Ujbu' Ujnlp- ,pwtl/1, WU{IpWIJ.R - ilnt{IWQ, QUWJLlit/1 - hfJUJIJWi/1, ;piJ- uw4wG, LflWtl(lWJpG, hnblflnnwljwu h lUJl nLnp1.11ubpnul, L4LU2tnnGwljwfl-
36
f}WIJIWUcJ- zpbf}w;mp- ;p/:if], q!Jtj1jnLn qm/4 WJLG ; qpwubG JUlljtuJpU , qnpbwl[l!Jf11.UljwG, 1t Ul(l! wl.jwG-11~ Ll,wG wqplSlwlj wu n-
Q.rwLJwG l.jwll qpgwJnu pwnwUJW2Wf1Q, puwljwuwpwfl, !P l"f1U1Ubpmli, q.b'lLUfltlbwnwljw[i qp.wljlufmLi=JJUJti •lb2 i.L wJLu: CU1I1 n-
Citnumli hwllwqnp6w6w4wu 2bplllp pwnbpp llb2 L. hpuGwljwGmu pnur qhllwnLJ.bulflw4w[i qf1wljwCmLf?.JL'..!U l)t~ lj~pwnqnuJ bG "1 ll~wJG
L4WU1ljwumll t tbq4,p qpwt{nn qnpownm~Jwu nput wnwuOOwlj~ nlnfl- qpwljwu, hwllwtbqLI.•JJ4wG-p•lJUwwnb!i.CUJljtu0 pwnhfl[l, WJLl! wnwG-
Lilp, !GWJWO upwug ljwf1nrt bu mGbGwL GwL. ljfipwnmf}JWCI pwuw4_np ~ru hbrttJuw~Ghpp l~ni'J.L1jlg uml:iq61.ju.u) uh6 plj_ill~ hbfltJutul!tUJ~U unpuJ-
11nulr,rnulGbp pwGwLl,np qbljmgmliubp, l'}wuwtununL~JmGubr, qp- 4wqt1mpjntGGbfl, nrnu_p 001114w6 bu w[lhtlllnW~LilU ~(JguwUlpUJ 1'}11nz-
mwl{tuu pwGwl!bl5bn. btnLJputr L. WJlO: taJ. QWG~ np WJU ~wnwfutlpb- llnL! u l'}tmLu tlGnul bu pppL. wGhUJIJlW~L'.lQ pprHlnL~JmuC!I::ip .
3B.
'' Sti'u t.U'1WJW~. ~2Ll..w2tu., t~ ·J43: ,. Sb'u U. tLOJWG, dwt\wuwLtwlttlg h".l.iti[ll:i(i~ ri.~IOU. I.ttl'-' nl'iwpu![IOlf"Jnl(l, t2 141:
'l Sb'u U. UnL!)pwujwiJ, dwuwuwLtwLtng hwJng tbqm, t2 192:
"Sl:i'u U. ttnJtuG. u2!J. wtr.• .. tp ii4:
140 l·!!
u7Lj_Luo 'lll P!'J •IJI"!Wl!tttiJ nnhphli rlinrn2 pt.tmwzbfllllhpfl n6w4wG h-
U. Ubt!?n(jJWO[! OmJ(j munuluwu~pm~JWU llbp wt.!bLiilyiJnul t OUJL., nj1
fHIJn~w~r.n •''!.! f' •l•11ul1f• hw\!""!•. •.!11u.•u t•JI ~ G21.Ibt t qnpOwnwl1wu ndhn~r, «pwppWilWJ~(j J!IUObf1(j m Oltbp[! ~pbug tm~JWtlp, Qf1W4wu unrllwJ~
f.lt!hn!{u.!6 ;'lbp i 1Htntll li uwr r~'t~wJu ht•!th'Jl!.IWLflwu!uwG pwo·puGbpmu:
04Wliltlwtlp mubgL:6 wnlilnt~JW~p tl~wlllbuw~ ~bu . rJnwOg ll~ llwu[!
C}f11J!I!utft P'-'i!i'-'1!.4UJ~wrnul um! nrw~wp wDwfiMiwOnul bu uw~
lib'l. Ulb'l.WJ~U pOmJp~ t, wOtlwlll!bl~ hwOnntPJWU hwllwf1lt pwl{w~w
p•.on'-' 'JrO '!!'Cl •l f!P•tl ~, rntirn . nrmu~ '.'JP.I!Hll:!_!utJ~bu Qnl16 hu w64_mll fi~u hb11m qrw4wfi Onf1tlw;~g. ~u4 UJmu llwuo hwllbllwUlwpwp wqb-
i'Jt•.•\n wtr~n . r.llllJI.IJI!(it.! Ul•J0. Lbq tl nu~ :
1
ltJ [!01)hwGpw4wO U2Wfiw~ntpjmG lt 4~rwnmpjntG mGtJ» 40 : ntulll~ lt,
f'Wf:l!ilift('?!'ifi:h '1-f! 'l..!.~uHfi J.I7[J't1f1/J •m4nnwpu!p h tu~wflpnul WJfimwllbliwJ0~4. li1Wf1pbpw~btntl WJ'l pwnwf\lllpbnO ~pwn~g' wDw-
1:0 p•.unw.oJ'l!UJ!lfi . nt qpwt1ul(i P'-'-'mu?bf!"lbnn· hw~wtu hwztt~ lW~ub p~O tullp~ pwnbnu nt Oltbfl[! wfi4w04mtl bO qu!l{wowpwlinlllJnllifibp,
tn~ !.!.!Jf! htoJGqvJt1UJfit>[! , nr n! qpuJ~ll!G tvu!Jr.nt~ lfl ijwntL~ hwu~tuUWL ~u4 bn4nnrflGbncf hwuwpwqwpwlimpJmlilibp, ~Gt~J.~bu [!UflmG4wO t
LitJwJG pwrpwnuJJPO ~w•1, tJG~u.,bu !JUflndi4w6 t OwL. wlh.{wObL, «qw- Ciw~ nntu tbql{wpwfimpjwu llb2: 0(1!/Wfi tt Ciz4w6 pwnw2brJUlbfl[! Owq-
4wnuJ4w0>} rmmbp[l, QWG~ np n~ QflWljluti w04w0 l!lwl~ hwl[wuwnw- llwQ w~m0!1n4 llmn ~wll qmgbl, ~Ot-np tw~n4 OmJOw4wO ttJGbG ~
tqbu l!JbiJl.g t Gtjwt•ttt ntlihOWL V pwnp•J.mLUJ~IJ . 1.~-· dnrtn4.nflwtun- nbOg dnqn4n'lw4w0 tunul?~ brwOqubf1nl{, PWJQ lt WJUUfbU UrJWCii? nrw-
uw 4gw~wfi pwrw;ztpr.nbp[! : ~WIJ.IbU, ~~nwnmpJwu ntnJ1Ulfibnnl{ ~ llwOwl{wOil' niSw~wfi wndb~?mt
tat whw WJil ~wuh(! ru1. t CHJnLli U. UbtgnUJWO[! , «PntnJ1 WjG pw- tbql{w4wG lilwnrbn ~nnqmpJmfiObn bu, mulll~ It n1Swpw0w4wfi wnnt-
llhpu m ~ubfl[! , npnOg qpwl.jwD !bG, tuwno wQl{wGnuln4 ~n1_4nul bu llnl{ tqbUll/ t liiWrJpbnw~LtbO ~ munuluwu~n4bfi w11wGO~fi-wnwliO~o·
pwpp•Jl D.WJ ~O. qu.Jl{umtu~ll'G, cin'l_n~rfltuljwO, tunuw~g•.u4wG u waO : ~Pnlt ~nwn hbUl ubntnnnbO 4w~ql{w0 ~ tl~llJwOgnq ~WJtlwOwqnnl{w6
=itu~giJ !JpWJU WJU [t, nn
l.'lbflU/1 1jCibp~ OQ.UlwqnpO~UJU ctwliwfiw~ lilwnpbf1 pwnwzbnUlbrJ, l/WG~ np dnrtntlrflwf\Jnuw~gw4wG pwnwzbp-
<<znwnnllh t pmn trtruJ.nul , WJI 1: '.!.!JG, nro hw:Jwutwtnwujuwu bp!.tmJ~P lll[! (4wiJ hwuwnw~wpwGm~JntOObfl[)), ~ li1Wf1pbf1nLPJmfi pw(lpwnGb-
tm~JWU [!tlpntlLtl G qnrt'lnuJ !~ gmgwrbrn{mu huLI'lwlj Unllltignut qt;- n~. U1WrJW0!/WJ~(j fibrJ. UWhiJWUW~W4nttl !ntfi~, w4bt~ tlmn t QrJW4wli
!'\LUJltlbuulu.JI~wG qpwl~wum~_l liJO !5b2 oq.l!lwqnp04n'l. pr.lnn WJO r-w- tbq~~O lt llwUltbt~ UlWrJPbn pwnpwnObnnl{ f\lnun'l. hwOnm~JWfi[!, ~ w-
nbpO m dltbfl[!, nf1n!:i~ qf1Wll•uu !DU, ~UJJlll.uOwljwC!npbG I.~LU(lbtl'! t ~n ~w WJu pwnwzbnlll~ pwrJbf1[!, ~Ol~bu 04wUlbt t u. r. b.)~llnqn • «tbq-
!OL « pwppwnwj~C!» lilbplltlliml: =ib2Lll t [i~wVlbL , np GllwG tlntnbgdwllp Ltw~wfi WJGtq~u~ ll~2ngGbr bu, npnfi!? liwf\.1 ~ wnw2 qnn6 bli w6qmll
pl.UrJplUI1WJ~OG [!lipnCt•~nL!l t pu.ttlw4t•JU LWJU ~!lwuum4 lt, npu~bu WJfl· hwtlwqqw;jlG tunuw4gw~wu 4bfigwi1WJ~Ii tbql{fl lllWrJpbn nlibf1nLll ~
L4~U~fi, h!.U4Wi1JH.I_nul t q.fJliJ ljL:.!U~fl : ~"< G ! rlfl CHJ UJ 4L•_t(j !t, pUJflPUJOiliJpU 'lntnu bO b~bt Qnw~wo WrJUlwhwJLnnt):}JWu hwtl[!OflhwGmr ISwuwlnul
t» 39 : lJ!lUJu t' nUJbgnu~ t '}(1ubnrmul IJtut! fl . t-zrJWUJI.UUQ Gzbtnl{, np qUlw6lltJ~ng0bn~ m unnllwGbn~ uwhllwOObp~g» 41 :
l<pwnp•.un\LJJpG, ctnrtNiflr')lul.jurCI, 6nrtmlrri'.!-' ~WG - pwnpwrnuJpG wllw - %'l.wr4buUlw4wfi Ulwnpbfl bn~bnmll Ozl{wO pwllwzbnUl~ qnp-
4•JJ fifilin~ qnf10UJ6,~n uj hO h~tmw~wtinn~ dnrJn~tliVJJljl!.tG tunuP-flg b- OwOmpJmliG wllbu~g Wllw2 l.l4WJllwGwl{nn4wO t tntiJwl bfl~~ pn4wO-
~nn . WJ'l tunul}~• t:lrwJfAqG mGbgnrJ. ~uwtJLilm[ >': flW4ntpJwllp, Gjm~~ PbLWflrJWU!1n4, llll{}Wt ll~2W4wm~fi hwtlw~w
l.lzt{w6 p!:impuJ qflm ~ (J b ptJg l4l1J[lq t l'\WnGnul, nn r-wrpwnwJtJG u lllWuf\Jwfi bnwOqwl{nnnul uUlbqObtnt, ~u4 wnwO~~Q rJblJ.Il?bnnul' 4bn-
dortn~flflL•Jfunuw~gw~wCi pw l2wzhrmbrn Onquwgnu'in hwGqbgCinul t IJ.IWnGbn~ tunul/~ nlSwqnpllwO wOhnwdbzlllmpJwllp, ~GtlJ.Ibu Owlt hb-
UfltUG, np N!J(lpiJJOlUJ~fj r•.1JIH'l21ir•nu l}llpl2fi4md t pw4•.u4wfitJ(j LWJU rt~Ow~tJ tbqqwlllllwOnrtnt~Jwllp m Of1w niStJ wfihWUlW~wGmpJWllp :
~llwt.•mn4 l, hw~wqp!.J.nttl 11pw_ 1D qntu4L'J0pG , ~n pwO . nn n6wpwflw- Unof1Jw-tunuw4gw~wG pwDwzbflUl(! pfinnnz t Owlt wnwG~~u
~wu, 4~rJWilW~tuG LU!1nlllnll_ hwilnq~! ~t, l/W(i~ nr t5tJzlll !tJ (jbp~WJWQ qnn'l.libn~ hbrt~Ow4wJ~O f\JnuR~u. nnnl{ lt wttbt~ t [!UI}qOttnul OnwOg
Omli pL'JnU.mi'-'J.il}. !p ~• n1. qnur~t•JG ntnrlll~(, LtfWLn4wGnl')_ pwlll:if1tJ dn'l.n4n'lw4w0 Lbq4wlllllw0nrtm~JnL0[!: ~wo hbrt~Ow40bl1 (lu. Upnl{-
pJL,f' tt.! •!HW" •."'~ l· '•p• ••fio n6.••!trt•.'Ci bp•.•J['(}l.'.!'.!H[lnuln. 1lluGtt.J•~w[i~ np
40
l.ontjO Ulbf1nu1:
41
A. 1.1. Ect>uMoB, u2t1. . w2tu .• t2 220:
! .·'•'
~-
143
Jillll, 1ml_h. ia,·lllhntljwli. -ire Uuifa'l:!tlljlu!J b m i'J1Lliupj, rqHaGy htrtpGw- p/10, fJ.WlU1li{1/1 QL/u/10 fOUjlilJ ffl IJI/i0/10 U1Wf/1lJ, UjlJUjfJnliJ, I/IWJ[nuJ nL
~lUJ~G tunuJ,:[! hwtiwtu t.inmb!Jmu t ljt:ipatjWpGI:ipl·r tunu1'!llf ~wqllblnt! C/Wilg/1, d0/1 hlitn /uW!JnUJ, 0/10W!Jni.IJ, /tWOW[ nL /tW{IU{I/10 U1WJ/1U, np
ntiwijw(l :Jr; ubj;m w!lp>11W~l~Jnu· U,:uujbu· \<,.J.Ln.!? iwJW'..!t..nwG~)) l{b- hliOg /1tlw0wu, pli Wftlwq, qdnmp, JWfJnLP m hwqwp mliuwlt-mliuwlt
ll.fnul tu. U!!m{J!.liU[] ni5wlju..:u UJ)II..UJJL Cn.4wu:w4ubprni qnpo t w6mli wOq/10 ewplif1 ELli/10 IJUiltnlifl/1, uwplip/1 QL/u/1~ lipliu/10, !Jnl/10
dflllnllrlflWlunuw!.jgtut;u;fz f!WritlJ2bp!11~ L'1UJ(aptip tC!pu.!futlpbp , nnnu- 1/lnwo... » (t2 9):
gpg qtrwtwm11.n !Jbf• d~mn•~!t111j1 !owtivn. ljbGgwrw, pwf1(lbpf.: m unl{r:- dnrtnL{I'IIlWjt.muw{fgw4wli hWf'lnLUUl PWDWUlW2Wf1nL{ t OdLn~WO
pnq~Obflu wfn~wl'!nn ai1 GWt.uf1wqpnrL ~wn!Ip.u bu, mJwqhu ljn~tJ.wr'i' liwu 1n~h. f'anulwliJU;.!i~ hbrt~liw4ws~li tunu~o hwlf14Wl!lliu «lJI:ipnli~»
{JliUgUJfJUJtj.fiWl/f.JJU 1..J;tH1W}fij'iWt}, huWI!~uHJ.jl:iU t(OlJ.lll q.Jf!Ul Wl.jUJU t;i:iu UlWilllh~WOW2Wf1nul, «qttrnfl[!» ~WLnllt!W6Bnul t. ll~ 2Wf1~ WJL UU1brl_-
gWI'[(l 4.bflUJf1U1UH1f1nrt tnw.~Htw6Gbpnu2: l;2tlwo pumwturu u~o WJU l{b- 6wqnp6mpjm(ilibf1nlll: 1nt!h. Cilmllwliswlio ~11 hbrt~liw4ws~G tunu~Q
•J..lnu.l qnJ16' t wol{nul Gwj·u l, lJJij;uJp UlJU pumbpj'l LUrlll!~r· L hj·dGwl;,w[( w~bt~ tJ.IWLn{fbf1w!.{np, ubr..ll m Wf'llllwhwsm~s. flWf'llllitnm UUlWLnw4m.J.
llJU4_WUnll_WljWG qnpGWilllljf'il"ti tlU4 n6uli.rUJ0 bfaWUf1WL!Ilfi!Hil[! l1H)JWL hwtSwtu ll~llmll t t:.::lOf1JW tunu~nul LWJii qnf16wompsmli mGbgnrt. ctn-
r~tW~.Qnll1 pU[·np i_W¢rH.[ f)W!iUrtlll t n.t wr,W2UWJj1U: rtn~f1flw4wli LbQ.~wllLnw6nrtmpJwGo plin11n2 t. lipw wqqWJ~Ii 4l:if1UlW-
U1u pwnw2brun~ rlrllHiwtJ,Iuu umuJG6l1whwU1ljnLpoJmOC WJU t, nn f1Wii~D plimpwqpnrt pwqllwp~~ J!Wnbp~ m WJ1lf1WhWJU'InLpJmlilibf1~.
wGqwCinul I.J. w~tL~ UJWilctnPil2 t flWfl~lmul WJU tul'lwpl.j•J.Jtltpu nt npnli~ n! ll~wJii un~nf1w4wli pwnw4wl!lw4gnlpJmlilibf1 m wLlpnJ12W-
t.pL.nLJJJubpo 11 WJUll.lt·,uj'i h•.1Juljwym~Jmllubp, nrmG~ punrnz bO uuuwL 4wli liwtuwqwumpsmlilibf1 lili. wnt.. puwt!nf1 WJ1liiWhWJLnnLPJnLiilibf1
dwliwfJwl!WlflQWUp hUll tlUJfll)nLl!, Gpw t!OU!JUlf1~G m Ui:J.!tibtwl.jbfl- m flWf1a~w6wJ!wliw(fw(i ll~w~nf1lilif1, ~li!Ulbu' ~40/tw wtelipmtl JnLIJ
Ll.j~Li: ~Wf1bljbGt1WUjt 6putu~<JJLOW!1fllp)olJL! 4l:Hlb~Jtr4 G4tU(lUIQflnlffJWU ltw, QfnL/u!J ewf11J, /unue ltnt/wgOlit, tlbp QL/u/10 tl/1 Onp /tpwlt t pbpnuJ,
n
!JU~WQQntU Lrtl:iuwObf m hUJUt;tUI.iuJunpbti t (ibn4UJIUI9~n! ~ hWJ Gw- ltn/1t/ t mwt/1u hwqwp gwt//1 hlim, Opw wp/1li!J ltwptl/1 i7 t tlbp/1g,
ht.UU.j0111W4Uiu 4Jill 11. wg(l!l, (<tW11 ill-r rztuwGlJLf\G m Qhlll'ufH!1WGtp[! », /ubteu t/1 ltmpnuJ, bu wte/1tnLu!J lthwObtl qn!J/1, ltmt !/1 qOwgbf pw-
OflwGg ljtOgwrlli m ul~!mtuJljtifli.lj[!. LUL{UILHJ.W4wli um.l.nrmJJ:IUUfl[l, t/UJfJ./10... 11 1.. WJLii: ltwll· pwqllwp~~ hWf1WflflnLPJntlilibp' tl/1U7p f
2b$u m turwtuowGgu. DriUUQ liniilnrl.l m ql{wpOUJLtj!!Ubfl(( [)UfJ.qOI:i- wOnuJ, tl/1tn0 liltwO, tl/1tn0 !JOltwO. tlmemtl!J IJ{IIig, dbO tp tnUJt/1u, qpm.;g
LntJ. urwug ~wpm~Jmui.J m hJntptuunrl·'.~i>~~.li[!, tluJ[HJYWJrcG l{bh hwu1- f/10 wOnuJ, tbtl m tlitl Ulf1Uit/, ubp UJ{IUJ, IJIUIJtlUJO /tUIIJibg/10, tlmpO
4wGrzubni}. llil fJ.Wjtufl ?U.Wt~Uutlj hU!ptutnl.!li[ bG ubp drtf(fll(j1f1~ ljjWU- /1pwt/, qlitn/100 wnwt/, pwhlit-P/1t/w0, Of1 m ltJwOe, gwt/ m IJWfiiJ, qnp-
QPUJ: Uju uljL<J 1 ,~..uq. 1 l.q.;;muutqliJ, L~U1G nr.~r(i·iuwLpuJ!•l< p.mu~[l wliliwuu ff/1 mw, wn m 1/lw/u, ewpbpwp [JO/twO, Ull/uUJtnwOe wp/10, tlbnOn!J·
t bl.; (}LUrtP W!l'UJI"10 P'lril.ip!ly m tnj1o[H.Ui , ·..:.'.it'i'lftl ~lntlll.lu: ipg, WJU~UQU UIUj{lniJ, 0{1 nL UJ{Ib u WJLii;
hLr1l1l!wljwJi·•u tunu~w i:itt.lfw.dJw!irml fltql!~u.l_lwg4;wJ t 6itJln4rrJ.wrun- dwllwliwlfw4~g qbrtwfl~bumw(fwO Wf'lllw(fnul hwtSwtu li2t!wO
uwljgwljwO pumul!l~l:ip~mL ,.::oJJJ9 l::illf!bt.ili htuutui{nUl t (JwL. pwppw-
pwnw2bf1Ul~li t q~llmll Owu 111. l1wpt.nuJwGo La' hbrt~Ow4ws~O, u·
nwJ~li U1Wf1phpm~: UhuJ PuJpbljl::iur~wlih Cr4wpwqlinLJIJntU[!
wnwli6~(i 4bf1UjWf11ibp~ tunuBmtl. ~li!Ulbu· ~UOfJ.pnO tJUJ}f t uwppmd,
«PW(JbU,liufJl!JU irt: :1/'fOO" bl!IJ[, tj/1qt/bf, LIWJ1 m dnp pnObt tp: unliftli VlUJl/1 ·i nt OIJ 1J1/1tn/1 fuwOd/1. Lff/1 ffwltbpli wlibLIJ {lniJili/1 qnpff f.
l"f'Jw(1ql;w Cit~.?bt?[l tliu;biJ ff1 qbv.'fi[to uwagnlir rm unJbfJ lit!; nm!J l{n- pwjg f}.lin tlft ew0/1 tfw!J IJIW/twu t: SliUJlliOiibpO lOUjbu bO pwObglinuJ,
fulii/w hwqw{l tnbfjftg mpwpWfiW.Pnu!, tirJifrmu.J, tfp6,PnuJ t(1 m tlwf11Jfi "wpffbu wtlliO wOqwtl bf1lt0e/1g t !JOltOm tl: D/1lmli wuwff, l wt/ ft w-
pw[ij} U(JU!JW{jUnLrl, dbO 1.!1Wl/IL.'.' Onltl bO. Ull/110{10 Wl/uOfl t, /1ult whw nLf1/1llilip[J !Uif1!Wf1t/nLtl bO pwf1lt
UpbqwlfLI fu wmutjnuJ nr, q,m.;uo.Rfi/1 wbfl/l[J[! "rl w![npw(lwufrg!J wpb/1 mw": ftp/1/tmOIJ 1J1/1Ul/1 qJnLfJUJUlip /1p0bf, bq fuOfJ.flbt lfwliwu/1g,
j{1 pW{IOf1UJqf7bg nt LUf{JLI UiJ(UIUjit7ft 4,nw qgbg, !fii/J!IJ UWJ?O(Jfl QWQ.W- t/IUJJlfliJ uwpmtl U//ltn/1 np t/bppwgwtf t/10/1: 4qliw, ltnt/bf11J ltmbu0/1:
UlfuliO!J JWt/ IJwfflllO ltmlib!iw, tlwffm.O ltmmft... ll («OqnuLnnu»): ctw-
llwliw(fw(f~g qbqUJniJbu.uH,u.~wli wpaw(fmll hwliwtu 4bf1UjWf1libf1~
. U~OUQ, 11j1 )ill>jl, Wj'->1, hf:~jlltlit!!l~'>ilftliil ~jitll!:J tli.u[r Wt!bt~ l[ILU't i.WUWpnLU
tunu~o nliwt!npt!nu.1 h wQhwUlw~mQwg~m..ll t ctnrtn~f1flwtunuw(fgw-
t.u!:? dnqrli.{Priurl'iAlUtULJgwqudJ tbWlli l•pn.tiHiJF·tu {Jtu(l!.-'Wilr~w~.~'JJ[iO:
1.:.!4 10. 145
~wo pwnwzbpan~ l& [!OilhwOnwUfbu dnqml.nllw4w!j Lbql{wt!anwOn-
ll.nLPJWOQ pOnpnz UlWI11'11il'1nl{: Uhw ll~ on~Ow~. tt..• 7w, pwjg p·ol o-
qnun, wuw ll1f/UJ0 fUJI/ t/10/ip, Vlf/UJ-0... tq t;/1 /}nLDUJI!f!,- pw /10! UJ- UJUU~flunl{- dn'lnllnllwtunuw4gw4w0 pwnwtqwzwno «~11 llwan!b-
ubll, t;/1 J!nLDUJI! JWulitJ,- qm 11/1 wuw fullnq- hwr.plignq f'D/1! t, qm- -- L~nLPJ~tlp, hwtlwhwu4w0wL~nLpJwtlp JnLnwhwannL4 anbq t q11wl{mll
llwppwq f' J!fll t, htf!, qm fJfiUJO Vlliu, uftpnqmpjmO ft t wOmll: U/1 qj1gwJ110, ~O!tqbu LA anwpw6w4w0 uwhllw(jwtf,wi.jmpjmO mfibgn'l w-
UUJflfJUJVIIifl m lipbjuUJVIIifl fJnLfiUf!Ol!UJ0/1 h/JV1 t l!UJUft/UJO: UliOw, fJnL nw000wgl{w6, llb4muwgl{w6 pwnpwllWJ~O tunug~ 04wantlwllp' l{b!1-
UOOw, ffJ pwOO ftllwOwu m lljmu · Oflf! qOwu tq UJD m UJUfnLD!J 2~0fibi1~U hwO!lbUI mfibOWLnl{ w40hWJU1 wnwl{bLnLPJnLO, pb!J h0W!1W-
l!npgpwa LflfiP l!Bip.u fuliqlf m. juwpljwo wllmuOm hftllOwpl!, Q.VIfi!Ju l{nl1 !t Lbql{~ qnn6wnmpJw0 qi'IQWJ~O nLnlltnObll~ L~w4wanw11 qn,ow-
IJfiUJO m, nt tu l!nqll, nt tO l!nqll, lipliuftfi wuliu... a: (~LT) llnLJP wDwOg tunuw4gw~wo nli~ hmqwwnanwhWJUl!W4wO bflwuq m-
OngwO tL ~nwl{wg~ l& DlillflLObt~ t q, U!Jw~~ WJO hWJUlO~ llflnLJp[!, (ibgnl'\ LA pwnpwllWJ~O pwnbp~ nliw4w0 ~OgOwtnflll.l 4~nwnmpJw0, n11
pb dnqnll1'11lWJ0nLpJnLO anl{nqn pwnbno !bO, wn Lbql{wllanwOnqnLpJnLO[J, nliw4w0 WllflJnLOwl{banmpJnLO u fl~UinL4nLPJnL0 t hw'l"llll"ul qngwJ~O
nn U1!1l{nLil t hwrnuqwan dnqnl{nfl~ ~bO!lWO~ tunug~ nL2WrWI'1 fltltnnLilnl{ nlib11~0: tunuw4gw4w0 PWilWUfW2W!10 WllWl{bL LWJO dn'lnlt111lW4w0
nL hdnLUl. oqmwqnpOilwllp, WJOnLwllbOwJOM. dnqnl{ni'J.Wtunuw~gw~wo qwOql{wOObn~ wnonJw hw'l"f'lllW4gllwO tl~2ng t. "11 'li1Uun11l{mll t Lbq-
pwnwzbnano llbn Lbq4ft' '1W1'1b11nll ~bog pbnl{w6 wnanwhwJtn!w~wo hw- l{~ pwOwl{n11 qnp6wnmpjw0 "L"I'1t11nLil' hflil0w4w0mll qllnLJQObll~ u
nnLuan hOwf1Wl{nnm.pJnL00b!1~ llf1UI.Annmll0 t, nnO mO~ hmqw~w(j bn4tunumpJm00bnfl O!Jnl{: tunuw4gw4w0 nlio Lbql{fl lj"Jmtmtul{nq u
I!Oilq6l{w0 bnwOqwl{nnnLil, pwqllw~wJO bLl&t20bn. ~bO!ludinLpJnLO LA wO- qw11qwgnq nLnnanO t. n11t11b'l. tflnfuWJlWI10wpwp Obnqn116nul bO LA' Lbq-
Il~2w~On~.pJnLO, wqqwJ~O Lbql{wllanwOnqmpJwO wOwqwnan ~L.bn: l{w4wfi, LA' WI1U1WLbql{w4wO, LA' qf1w4w0 m n1 q11w4w0, LA pb' Lbql{~
dnl'l.nllnllwfunuw~gw~wO pwnwzbpan~ h~llliw~w(i ~nptlqli bO anwnpbi1W4WJ~O OLAb11~ LnW!111bl10 m ~fln'lnLPJmOOb!l[!» 42 :
~wqllnul Owl& llbn d"l'l.nllnll~ ~bligwrm. unl{npmJpfibnO wOl{wOnq pw- PW11WUfW2WI1~ dn'lnlll11lWtunuw4gw4wO zb!1Ln[! ll~2~0 tllb'l. t
nbpEi nL wnanwhWJOVILpJnLOQbno. tHi!Uibu hw6wtu Owl& wO~wlinLil bO qnwl{mll pwnpwnObn~ LA q11w4w0 Lbql{~ pwnwUfW2WI1~ t1~2l& LA wO-
«t~~» fl'UobJ1[!, IJb0QUli'\~1'1W~IU0 pwobflfl, hwftun~PJ'l, hw· Il~2w4wOnnbO OL4WULnnLil t qpw4w0 Lbql{fl pwllWUfWZWI'I~
f'l~ l& ttPa.nwllnp pwnr)IUpJmOObpo. pOw~wJOw~wO pwobno. ~WJ hWilWtllllWO[!: PwppWilWJ~fi pwnbp[! WULn~!iwOwpw11 hq4l{nLll,
Own4rupJmOObJ1f!, l& hwan~w1.4bu' llW1'1~llw6gObpo l& llWJ1~l{w6wpw llzw4l{mll, hwliwtu Owu qb'l.Wfll{buLnw4wO ql1w4w0nLpJw0 ll~2ngnl{
Ow~wO wn<tbg mlibgnq pwnw~wU~wl{gmpJmOObno (w0b6glibn. onh- Lbql{~ qw11qwgllwO LnWI1Pbl1 tfmLLbpmll wOgOnul tiO qnw4wfi Lbql{~
OwOJ!Obnl& wnfi): pwllWUfWZWI'I Owtu pwOUHtnfl, wUf.W· qpwl{nn lli1Uun11mtlfib11mll:
I"'O!Ufbu WJ11lb0 Oz~L bfig, dnqnllJ11lwfunuw~gw~wO pwowzbpan~ ~wjng Lbql{~ UfWLnllmpjwO U1W!1Pbl1 lj"JnLLb!lmll 4w0 pwqllwp~l{ llbUI-
J!Wil.WI'l(1~!0bp bOJ! hwllwpmll Owl& tuj>/ hO!JnL0wlftnful{w6 anwnpb- gbn, b11p WJil pwnwzb!1Ln~ ll~ zwpg pwnb11 qf1w4w0 Lbql{fl J!WilWU(W-
f'IW~Oiip[f hwaniJwUfbu !lbJ1wOl{w0w~wO hwllw4wnqmll (tu, f!JUf/iu, 2WI1 bO wOgbL h~llOw4wOnul q.bqwnl{buLnw4wfi ql1w4w0mpJw0 ll~-
fliUfOU, fum/if/ 1.& WJLli), nnnOg~g 2Wlnb!1[! WJU0!1 l&u (!lbll!JU) huWWfl· 2ngnl{ LA 0nLJO~u4 llnnwgl{bL t llf'IWOg 4~f'IWilnLpJWO Owtu~~O nLni'IUl[!
&lnLil b(i J!WI'1J!WilWJ~(j ~1'1nll.nLpjnLfifib!1, gw(j~ np llb(ig nL(ib(ig fiwl& (~O!Ufbu' llpllnLD, UUJ{IilUJOfJ, fll1, fVIIit, jllm;l! LA WJLO): bl{ UfWU1Whw-
WJU ~l&bf'~O hwllwpdbg qman pwnpwllWJ~O hwllwO~zObp' w-nl{, o-nl[. 4w0 !t. n11 CWI'IL PWLL~O tunuw4gw4w0 LbqmO ll~tllbL t ~PillA finnllw,
ft-nl{, ~O!Ufbu' IUU/11!, ftu/11!, !!'1/111 l& wnO: UjU pwnwzbpUl~ llb2 jnLpw- ~Pilu Lbql{~ lljmu lnWI1PbflW4WJ~0 O!Jb11~ qOwhwLnllwfi !Wlj"JwCi~z:
hWUlnL~ tnbl'\ nLObO pwnpwoObn~g b4nq l& WJdll tL funuw~gw~wo I"' UlWI1Piil1nLPJnL0 dnqnl{f1flwfunuw4gw4wfi pwnwzb!1Ln~ • pwn-
Ozl{w6 "L"f'ltnnLil qnnOw6w~w(i pwqllwp~l{ pwnbp m pwow~w J!WilWJ~O pwnbnO mObO n11nzw4~ UlWflwOl!WJ~O uwhtlw0wlftw4mll,
UiwlflmPJ11LOObn, npnlig unl{nnwpWJl pfin11n2 bfi WDOJ'1JW·tunuw~gw~wo Obq Lnb'l.WJ~O pCimjp~ bfi, WJJl flul.f UIWUltiwonl{ tL rwwOg ilWLn!bLfl
nlStN l& (fwqtlnLil bfi hwuwnw~wpwfiw~wO-ttmuwttgwiJwfi pwnwzbp- !bCi llJnLU UlWI1W6gOb11ru.ll p0w4l{nq hwOpmpJwOo:
ano: 'lpw(ig ~2 llutOnul bO ftwl& W(1l&buwO LbqnWbpttg w0gw6 ll~ PW11J!WilWJ~0 J!Wilbf'l[! UfWLn4w0mll bO J!WilWUfW2WI1~ O! ~b0-
ZWPQ ~ntuwompJnLOObp: um0w4 (n! qnn6mO) nLnnan~O. nLuiJl~ u, unl{n,wpwn. qnwl.fwO Lbql{~
146
OnrulwJ~ uwhllw(ifibf1~9 flnLf1U b(i L., p0w4wfiwpwp. qnf16w6w4w0 aflntuwllWf1llntpjnL(iB 1.& WfllllWhWJin~nul t hbfig «aflntu» wJl.llwllln~ 1.&
1bfi, Onpllwlll~~ p(imJp~ WJ(ji.4~U~ qnp0wnw4w(i n6bpmll, ~(j!L4~U~!? «lnnLf1U» Q.PWPWPJWfi hntn~w4w[i lll.&n~ («lllnLpJ?» pwn~g), Rf1 wfigbL
bQ Q.~UJW4w(i, ~WZL~nfiw4wfi, q.pwubGfw4WJ~Ct nt5bfl[!: uz~w6 f!WilW- t pwf1pwn~O, WJU m(i~ qmlll Ulbqw4w0, Cibq pwppWilWJ~fi pCinLJf! t..,
zbpUl~(j L4Wll14w(inq pwnbp[! h~llfiw4wfinu~ qnp6 bfi w6~mll wnop- j!(iw4w(iwpwf1, llw~ntbL~ tt llJnLu lllwpw6eOI:ipnul: tu. Upn4Jw00 ~P
JW-funuw4gw4w(i L. qbqwn~buUlw4w(i nlibf'lnur nt5w4w0 npnzw4~ b- tunue£! llllfJWL ctwllwfiw4~ [!(ipbpgnq(ibn~O llWlll!l:iL~ l').WpllfibLm (j~w
f1W(iqfibf1n~ L. hbq~fiW4WJ~(j fi1.4WlllW4Wflf11lWilp: lllW~n~ ~p hbrt~Ciw~WJ~(j 04wpwqpmpJntfifibf1nul, llwfiw~w(il'}, bf1p
PwnpwnwJ~fi pwnbn~ qbpw4znnq llwu[! qbqwn~buutw4w(i bn- O~wpwqpmll t hwJ ctnqn~pfl~ ~b(igwq[!, Opw fi~ulllnL4wgn. h~llfiw
4bf1nLil hw(ill~L4mll t 4bp~wn(ibf1~ funuemll' n6w4wfi qwOwqwO ~wfimlll'}~llnul t pwppwllWJ~fi pwnbp~(j m WJilllWhWJlllnLpJmufibp~(i:
(j~wlllW4Wflf1nLil(ibpn~, ~u4 bppbll(j tL hbfig Wjfi~bu, wnwfig nnnzw- Uw ll~wctwllwfiw4 wp~mll t n6w4w0 WJL fi~wlnw4Cibf1n~. hwliwtu
4~ llplllntll~ 1.& ll~lll~ntll ~ppl.& Ll:iq~w4wfi zbqmllfibp: uzl{w6 dl.&bp£! tbO Ow ~wllbgbL t ~P tunue£! lllbqwJfiwgfibt. llnlllbgfibL 4bp~wf1fibf1~ tunu-
pwgwn~mll fiwu hbq~(iw4WJ~fi funuenLil, llwufiw~nnw~bu (iwl.& wJ(i e~o· wnwpfimpJnLO[! lllWLn~ pwppwnwJ~fi dl.&bf1~(i. ~Ot~bu' «SwOo
flb~emll, bf1 p llPWUJ? fibrt. lllbqw4wfi pfinLJJ9~ wnwp~w(ibf1~, bnL&mu~ qnOwq nfl tO uhwpo OfiUJ fJI1UJ0D t/bfl QUJJ/10, uwq wtlftu mtn/J/10-
Gbp~ ~wll [!(jl'}hwupw1.4bu li1Wf1pbp hwu4wgmpJmfi(ibp~ wfi~w(imll /utlli/10, ltntnflb/10, RWflfJ0/10, l/llUJgO/J/10 OfiUJ tnwO /ubfiO m PUJfiWJJJW-
(ibp bfi, hwlll~WL4bu' 4bfigwqwqpw~w0 pwnbp, npnfig hwllwf1ctbeCib- PD hw' ltUJfl m JWpw0/1 JWfJO fL 0{1w0g fJnOnt/o wOg [fbOwfl, ftflwO.e
P£! 4wll 4'JnfuWf1~0nrtlitP[! llbp tbq~~ lllLUWL aflmLmll [!(il'}hWfif1WL4bU p~ftgiJ [f.ew;b/10, urmO lt[fwOib/10, nf1 0{1w0g uml/Jfl/1 hwtlO wn0/1 m tO-
pwgw4wJmll bfi: UJUL4bu' lu. UpnliJwOO ~JI hbrt~Ow~UJJ~fi funuemll IJIOU lfwtll/Jw oOit0/1: Cwtn wOqwtl b[fbqbgmtlo nfl tlb[f fJUJflflP o.etl/10
qnf16 t w6nul fJUJUU1ntfl ([!fil'}ll~2mll), /jUJU1GIJIUJ0 (WJQ.bl.4w(i) (ibq lttn/JuObfl, b[fbqbgm f)mno [f[fwtObfl, nfl u,fJpw /lO.eo OflwO /lfl tnmOo
pWf1pWilWJflfi pwnbf1[!, nf1nfie q.nn6w6w~wfi m hwu~wfiWL~ bO ll~wJ(i urw0/1 ... »: t;~ ~f1ne. ~fi!1.4bu Ozmll t U. libLenOJw(i[!, hwu~wgmpJntfi[!
Slwuwebn~ funu~woemll: ltwll' ~f1. liwpl.&nuJwfi(j ~P L4Winll~w6"0b ubrtll. 6zlllnf1bfi m ctnqn4Jlflw~w0 lllllw6nqnLpJnt(i[! hwnwqwlll nqn~
f1ntll hwliwtu t qnf10w6mll pwf1pWilWJ~fi «tl1nfi.JJ11, trUJDOUJnJ.Inll, Wf1li1WhWjlnblnL zCinf1h~~ WJU 1.& (illwfi pwnbf1(j w(i4'Jnfuwf1~0bt~ bfi:
«;w;» L. (illw(i ll~ ZWf1!? pwnbf1, npnOe qmlll lnbrtw~wfi p(inLJIJ bfi Uj(imwllbOwj(j~~. pWf1PWilWJ~(j pwnbf1~ h~llfiw~w(j nt!iw4w(j wnctbe[!
4f1nul: «Sn{ljJ» pwn~ nnnzw4~ qpwqllmCie~. Wf1hbuU1~ hw111m~ hwu- ~(j!~bu lllLUWL ll~2W~Wjp~. 1nbq~ bpwCiqw~nf1ntll Uutbq6bL(j t, WJCi-
4wgnLpjm(j t wfi~wfimll 1.& [jzwfiw~mll t trl/IUJJinb tlbd' lfiPUJOwlt. nfl/1 L4bU u wnwfid~(j ~bf1L4Wf10bf1~ tunue~ n6w~nnmll[!:
t/fiUJ hbOmtl ~ qn{ld'nttl bO qn{lq ltwtl /jUJfiiJIGinll, Q.f1W4wfi Lbq~nultm q.f1"'1~ ~Wf1L4blnnLpjntO[! Owl& WJfi t. nn JnLf1WJ?W(j!JnLf1 4bn~wp~
(j~ ~f1 hwllWL4Wlllwutuw(i hwllwf1ctbe£!, ~wnnrt t aflntuwn~O~bL trfJUJq- tunue~ n6w~npllw0 hwllwp 4wpnqwfin11l t 6~2111 qlll(ibL m [!fillll'll:iL
qwh» ~Wil trnUU1UJ}0UJ/jfl fJUJQQUJhll pWilb!'ln~, nf1R0J?, UW~WjCi, Wll- hwllw1.4wlllwutuwO Lbq~w~wCi ll~2ngfibn. npnfie pCimpwqpmll bfi
pRrJ.2R~~(j 1.& 6~2111 !b(j wn~nwhWJlllnLil Opw ~llWUin[!, nLUUl~ 1.& hbq~ lnLUWL 1nwpwOe£! Obp~WJWgCinq wfihwlllfibp~: Cwlll p(inpnz m hwlln-
Ow4£! Owfu[!filnf1ntll t funuw~gw4w0 L. ll~w~ 01.&[!. «iburn /10! bqwtj. Q~l qmJfibpn~ 1.& tbq~w4wfi hwllWL4WlllwufuwO ll~2ngfibpn~ t (ibp4w-
tl1wu0bfi/JR hnqnt/ lnflu IJIWm/1 tlbp · dtlboo pbflbg/10, umfl.e ft t110ltbgft0 JWQI'IbLli. Upllb(i[! «=ibq(iwp W'l.PJnLP» ~~UIW~mll ~P Q.JnLilpbg~ hbf1n-
tnwOo ... d'ftd'wqbg/10, bflp tnbuwO umfiR/1 ~nwlt Oum/Jt lfl m hwOqm}g u~fi. ~(jt1.4bu' trllUJflfJnL 11/Jp tlb pwDotl ltw. Ofl ftflwO h/Jtn lU//1ll1/1 tll:in-
wObt 14/ltn/1 UfJntOo»: ltwll' trUJ00UJntln11 pWil[! Q.f1W~w0 Lbq~mll, [!Uin 0/1, Ofl tlUJflf)nJ. tlbnOb[ bO /Jtn~ U//ltn/ll/lflltot//1: 4mqb.e hnq/1 oul:i.e tf}nfl,
pwgWUlf1W4wO pwnwnwOObn~. Ozw(iw4mll t ~UJ[pUJO», trUJ[pwOw- ltmqb.e · wOmO, [fmqb.e · qnfld; [fmqb.e ·;mOl... l!;tniJ bu W/uiJinLfiU ltl/1-
g/1». ~u4 pwppwnCibpmll' trt//lp/uwfl/111, ~hultw•. ~hwfJpUJOfJUJtlll: Uhw 0btl tf) tl/1 pwOftl/lflltntPJWO hwtlUJfl... »:
hbOg WJU ~llwullln~ tL qnp6 t w6~n11l ~f1. Uwpl.&nujwO~ L4WU1tl~w6- ,fi11.4bU bpl.&mll t pbp~w6 hwlll~W6~g. hbq~OW~[!, hW~WlllWp~ll
!?nLil. «Ofl/jnt tnUJflb/jwO 1./wqqbOo, bflp tunuht unt/nflbfl, wowp wuwg llOwLn~ ltwp(in pwppwn~O. ~bPL4WI'I~ tunueO WJUinbq w0hw~nw4w
WIJI/1, bfl/jflnfi!J pwno wnOwmt110 ffl».' tr~n/untlnntflu• qnp6w6~mll t (iwg(imll t qbnwqw(igw1.4bu lllLUWL PW!'IpWil~ pwnbpn~ m WpU1WhW)-
ll~wJ(j Lnnm pwf1pwnnul, Cizw(iw4mll t «ll~ pwO lllWL, wnfibL. UlntpjnL(i(il:ipn~: Pwg~ Oz~wO pwppwnwJ~fi pwnbp~g· ~bp~wp~
148 149
tunuaO wDhwmw~wrlwgOmd t Ow" PWJ1PWDWJ~O abrw~wOw~wD I)~ (flOflljbu =tnl(h. fantllWUJWU~ utnbllnu) «OjlJUl(!» pl(wijwOo, =trt.
zwfla ~"b11m( nt ~l'l"'l"LPJnt00bl'ln~ (hni'Jbf1, flbnwO~wOw~wO ~L.bf1, UwpL.nujwGp Wf1~wijntll' «zwz», «zwzwl(mO» pwtlbp[! 1.& WJLU): 9m-
hnLn~llwO, tunuwnhllwO ~"bn. pwppwl'lwJ~Ci ~wnmJgObn " WJLfi}: UJU flWDWU1JnLp q.nn'l l!wpn'l t pwppwnCibflpli ll~ilbL wnwGg l(wpwCibtm.
l)b~.qantd Wf11)b0 pwf1pWDWj~0 ~f1nll.nL,JnL(iObf1Q OWDWjntll b(i n1 pwr.pwnObp~g l(bpgGbLnt WJCi, ~CiH! wOhru.utbzm t m llwtntbL~. n6w-
d~wJO np~.qbu LnlUWL ~bpLqWfl~ hwrJ.nrii"JW~gdwO ll~2n0, wJLL. Opw ~w0 nnnzw4fl UlljUJLnWl!Wllfl"Ui ntO~. !4W ijwd q.np6w6wijwQ tt q.pw-
tunua~ bpwCiq.wt.(npllwfiD li~.qwumn11 mwpf1bp: 4bp~.qwp~ fUnua~ wCi- ~wo tl:tqt.(~ llJmu nLnf'tnObpmll, " np hbr.nwq.wJntL1 ijwnn'l t r}wnriwL
hwmw~wGwgllwO Oz~w6 b11.wDw~~O bO 1'\~llbL OwL. dwllwCiwl!w~~g Orii'JhwOnLJl q.np6w6wijw0, hwllwdnll.nl(pi'Jwl!wG-junuw4gwl!w0, ~u4
al~ zwpa q.pn11Dbp, dwuDwl(npw~.qbu q.bll.Wfll(bumw4w0 wpllw4nul, Wlijlu Owl..: 4wf1R'l t wOgObt q.('IW4w0 Lbqt.(~ ntnf1tn: npgw(i tL pwppw-
tCiWJWO WJU ll~2ngGbpn nt5'w4w0 npnzw4~ O~.qwtnwl!Wfl('lllwllp tbO llWJ~(j pwnbpll m ebpw4wllw4w0 ~l.&b!l[! ()bll.Wf1l(buLnw4wCi nlimll
pwgwo~ntd Ow" twtflwon utnbll.OW()np6mpJntODbpntll: CuUl npmal, pntJLWLnflbL~. hw06CiWf1WJlbL~ ~JlR'lnLPJnLliUbp bO ntiw4wQ WJU ~wL1
~U!LqbU D4wtnbt t U. UbtanlijWU[!, «PwppwnO WJil aCiwpw~wQ hbpnu~ WJG Ot.4wtnw~Obpnq, WJf.intwdbfiwJG~l(. pw('IPWDWJ~O LnWpJ1bf1~ q.np-
tunuafl hwllwp ll~tnl(bL t nptqbu bpwOq.wl(nrnlwO ll~2ng, WJO tL. hwu- 6w6mf)JWO dwdw0w4 q.pn110 tqbLnR t 1Jf1LI""Il~ !WIPfl. liwzwl!p q.brtw-
l!wCiWLP t. hwtnl!wu,bu WJiit.4~U~ pwOwuLnbll.OnLPJntOObpnul, npnCig q.flt.nw4w0 qq.wgnui !.&, ~611.4bu dwt1wfiw4~0 04wtnbL t '1. Ull.WJWGI!,
hMCiwl!wO O~.qwtnw4wnt'l'll(w6mpjmlio. nq.pCi dnll.nl(f1f'\WJ~Ci t: Pwp- wllbli~g WDW2 ~bU1J2 t ntfibOw Ow" b(lwdztnw4w0 LUOil.nLpjnt(i, Rf1
pwnwJ~O pwobpCi m ~"bpn WJU L. OdwO uLnbll.6wq.np6ntpJm00bpmd odpnG~. f)b np pwno nptnb'l4Wf1nrt t 6fl2Ln "tnbll.Pfi hGtbL, nf1Lnbll.. w-
oq.Lnwq.np6l(w6 bCi h~alO.w4wlimll OmJO u4qpmCian~. ~fi! l(flt.4w~w0 llbtnl"'l nt wOwfunpd:
bp4bpmll»: UJu wnnulnl( tu~utn ntzwq.pwl( bO ~nl(h. ranulwuJwli~
43 PwppwawJ~O pwnbp~ m Qb(lwijwOwijwCi 6L.b11~ q.np6wompJntOO
«UOmz», «Uwpn», «~wnwtwli,a• 1.4nblllibp[!, U~. ruwhwl!Jwfi~ 90-w- Wl(btJt w40hWJU1 t WjG l)b~.qemd, bpp 1'\llWf.ii! [!UF}hwUf1W1.4bU q.npO bCi
l.fwO pp. dfl zwpa !WlPWOn ULnbll.OWq.np6ntpjmCi0bp[!, «ULWq.Jwq~ WOL(nlll J11Swl(npdwll dwdw0w4: n({wl(npntll[! q.I"W4W0, q.bll.WJ1l(bu-
dwOpObpB 2W!19D. ~nl(h. C~pwqp nt2 2112W0p pwOwumbll.OnLpJntfilib· U1W4f0 WJU hOwpwOeG t. bf'IJ! nnL.t q.l"nll.l!Wil {!OI)hWOpw~.qbu Ulnbll.-
f10 L. WJLO: u~ hwtnl(wo Ul(. ruwhw4JWDfl!WIPWOnJflo (1891 f). «tp- 6wq.np6nll. IPrTJI<\I'Itll t hbtnl.&nrtw4wfinpbli l(bpu111bll.6tL wllgJWLP npl.&t
q.bp nt l(bp,gbp• ). funznp q.pnq~ 4wd OnLj'li~uij u,wlllllw4w0 npnzw4~ llWf"'W2f12WG~O
plinpnz q.bll.wpl(butnw4wG pnl(wO~tw4mpJWO. tbql(~ nt ~L.~ WJL LnWI"-
Pwpm/ Rbq/1, wqftq JW/1, (lbp~; q.fltnwl!gl( w6 OllwOmpjmOO m 4f140mpJmOn: udwO ~tbUWbpnul,
Ujup ft•OJ(J!J /104 tlnllgW{I, ~(jl~bu .04wtnbL t ~1'). SppwzJWUQ, cqpw~wO nliw~nJ11lwO q~lln'l
'Jn1.D Ju/llllf JnlOb·u, wj Owtlwpq, Q.Fin~G wdbCipg wow2 dUlwhnql(wo t wOgJWLnLil llzw~tlw6 WJU 4wtl
'Jw{lfJJnl Ufllii/IU tJju/lpWfl... WJO q.bll.Wf1l(butnwijw0 nd~ npnz twijwO 4n'lilbfl~ l(bpwpLnWI)flntp-
!Jw{J pwO, bppwfiR t!IJp UJJQ/10, Jwllp, np~ oq.OntJtJWilp Qw 4b01lw0wgfimll t wzjuwphwqq.wgnll.ntp-
bum/lOR mnm ;1/w;/10, JWfi L q.bll.wq.funw4wG llmw6nrtnLPJWO ml(JWL 111~1J.!Q, LbqntO, dwllw-
:lb0-4b0/lmw0R n1. {JUJDJ.b0R Owij~ u wqq.wJ~O tlfl2wl(wJp~ qntnflfltnt!: Q(lnl'l~ ubtflw~wO ntSn WJU
f./wpq-C/Jpwq/1 pwjwpftO... qb1.4Qnul hwfi11bu t Q.Wt~u nt flll ntll.rtwltfl l.t wllpn'l2'W4 wfi mbuen~.
Uw~WJO dflztn lt "' 1.4WJ'IU1WilPfl tt nn hbll.~fiw4fibp[! 4bf11.4WI'Ifl WJL qq.WL~ I_Wtflnl( q.r.nfil(ntll t WJU nd~ zrt,wliw40b(lnul, np~(i Otlwfi-
l(nul t Gw, bfipwp4l(mll t L. 4wJutlw6 t WJil nd~Q» ;
I
44
tunuan wrlhwtnwl!wDwgObL~U wllpn'l2"l(flG llfldbO pwppwnp6 (flO~o-
1.4bu ll~wtnbg~Ge Gwjunpfl l)b~.qabpnuJ, U. UnllbGp «~b11.Gwp Wll.P- n&Swijnpnulo unu4 npl.&t q.pn11~ pbi1WJI1. n\ilt. dwfiruuJ~u wnwOO-
JnLfl»·md). bppbllQ 4bl'l1.4Wf1fl tunueu wfihwmw4wGwgl(mal t tnl(JWL GwhWLnl4f\1.pJntulibp~ llbfuw0p4w4wli oGflOf1~(iw4nu1n tt. "! tL U('IW
4bP1.4Wf1~Ci pQnpnz 1lb~-bp~m pwppwnwJ~G wptnwhwJLnntpJntGObpnij Gdwllwlfnulg, ~Otuabu uijwtnbL b.fi npnz munwGwu~J1nll.fibn:
41
V2q. W2tu .• tp 124:
150 !151
n6wl{nrulwli qwuw~wu onnawlj t llll{bL l:i. ~wnblign ~11 hwlinw- dwtlwOwqmj ftwUim.O tfnO tp,
hWJIIl «SwrLwnwG»-nul. uwJwplimi.Jwli b[lqbn~ Ollwlinrtmpjmlifi wl{b- Cm.OU lL Q.i/U/10 Q.IJW/t fntObp,
ltl zwm w~!ihWJU'I t rJWr.!inul WfH..'lWJ:!~U qnf"'Onlifibp~ ll~2ngnl{ (pw- lf/1WJ0 q.fttnbrl nJ npqftwOg npfl/1
nbn, WfllllWhWJIIlnLPJmli(jbfl, Rbnw~w(iw~wa 6LLbn LL WJLli), wJ(imw- tiwOftiiL lp tl/1 qwowO tlnp!J/1 ..•
ubfiwJ(i~l{. llllW(ig (ibflR~(i ~nrtll[!, pw(iwulllbrtOmpjWli pm(i nq~(i m 4wll' «1wnwtw(i9» L4nbllmll Obnm(im tunu9n ntiwl{nnl{nul t
tmpJm(in hb(ig ~nb(i(i b(i' qnun twnb(igJwli[!: (iwlL Ozl{wO Lbql{wll~png(ibnfl qnpOwOmpJwllp
<<SWf\IUflWli» zwnRnlll UWJWp-'Lnl{wj~ Lbql{~·. illllwOnrtnLPJWli lL
nti~ L4WIIl[1W(i9[! h~il(iw~wOmll ulllbrtOmll b(i bn~m lllWU(iJw~~ hwu- bflllllf, lti/10/1, np juwpwp tnw0/1.
(inrt pwnpwDWJ~(i pwnbn nL wrHnwhwJIIlnLpJmli(ibfl, nnnli9 plinnnz b(i Bb fub[J}fJ Q.Lfu/10 IJbD pw0/1 QJnl.fJ ftw...
(iwlL wnLLbuw(i, qmuw(iw~w(i tunul!W[ll{bulll~(i: Uhw 11~ gWilJW~ flt/ /1f11JDllllif! wOwumO m0/1,
«SWf\W(lW(i»-flg. l;wtl nnf.ftOqw UJlJ}Of7ntrl JflLI]/tUJ...
Pwg wpftli UlbuwO qpw6 qwflnOm. 11,
l!mqbl1 hful/1 t/ll/1 qmnObO- hwppwo f!L/111 tl/10!"- tqmg, liHIJnpwO !JUJUI/10 U/1p/1f1 t q.Om.tl:
eOftbpObpftu umt/lp/1/i q/10/1 m hwg f!L/111 11/10!"- tqmg,
JJUJ}Uinli OuU1wo ~m.lnt/0 wOg0/111, U{UJU1mhw0/1g tjpbu Owjbu... UJUL4~unl{, tzpb. n(lqhw(inwglib(iR pwnpwowJ~(i pwobp~ m Rbnw-
~w(iw~w(i lllLbp~ llwuft(i wul{wO[!, (i~wlllbLfl t flWDlimll. np pwnpw-
'1-nw(ig~g b(i (iwlL JWf7, qnqw[, pwq, pwu, pwl1w0l~ qmpwli, lJ- llWJ~(i pwnb[l[! woonJw-tunuw~gw~w(i ntimlllL qbrtwnl{bulllw~w(i l:in-
P/1PUJf7, pwfulw lL WJLli: ntiwl{nnilw(i(i wnwl{bL lLu liL4WUIIlnLil lL llbO ~bnmll ~wnn11. bli hwliflbu qwL hbllllLJWL 'lnuLLnnnuUibnnl{:
bnqt~ lllWil.bfl~(i Jmnwhwlllm~ qmliwl{nnmll b(i hwrtnnqmll hwlll~w w) pwnpwnwJ~£i pwobn. nnnli9 plinnnz bli, qnnOwOw~w(i m
l4bu ra~~L~U~ pwnpwnmll qnnOwOw~w(i pwllbfl[!, fllitl4bu' opwju, hwu4w(iWL~ ll~WJ£i lllt.I.JWL lllWJ1W0Rmil, m(ib(i lllWJlWORWJ~(i 11[1nzw-
JlnlJW, um.t/lpw, fuwf/1, Onpwf7, i/10/1, qwt/1 m qmnOw LL wnli: ~~ uwhllw(iwlf'lw~mll, ~(itl4bu' qwutnntf7, ftwU1bU{w0, flnLJ}UJO, qwtf-
«Swrtwnw(i»-mll ntiw~w(i hw11WL4WIIlwujuw(i qmliwl{nnmll b(i pwp, optl/1, bftwhw[, wnmq, ftnOwft, fJfllUJfJ, pbt/1;/1, JWt/lnt[UJfJ, t/ln-
WL4whnl{mll OwlL pwnpwnwJ~(i ~wll tunuw~gw~w(i 11~ 2Wfl9 !!bnw- /UntUinLf7U, l]nttlwOLL WJLli,
~w(iw~wa liLLbn (hnq(iw~~fl ~wqllmpJnLli, hnLnl{llwli, tunawnhllw(i, p) pwobn, nnn(i9 pwnpwn~(i b(i w(igbL qnw~wa Lbql{~g· nnn2
hli!jm(iwijmjuw~w(i ~nnll.nLPJnLli(ib[l), nnn(i9 p(innnz b(i raf'I~L~U~ h(itJm(iwijmjul{wa lL lflnLtmtul{wO lllWJlpbpw~Obnnl{, ~(itlllbu' hwl{nfl,
pwnpwo~(i· fuwL/1lbJl, wqbp, UfUJU1/tbf7Jl, qm 11bn0/1t1, tpbg, f!J/111, tlb- ~nnp, ~n11., tuwg LL wna.
ltlLf!, ltf!-ml ObpftwJ/1 dubp'ftwu/1 (pwnpwnmll liwlL' ~nub), llf7 wub, 1!- q) pwob[l, nnnlig OlllW[lWpmpJnLUlib[l t;(i, Owtuw1.4bu WliQbL t;(j lL
qnnO bli wOijmll. JIWPpwo(ibnmll LL (imJ(illjbu hwllwnl{mll t;(i pwnpw-
L/10 ;wpwo, mObp;wpwo (l{bn2f1(i liLLbnn hwlll~wlllbu l{w11.w~wlllwn~
DWJ~(qlwnbfr, triitl4bu' 2/pr[, /t[UJU, /lflli!Jl. fu/1JW{TlL WJL(i,
flllwulllnl{): n6w~w(i nnnzwtt~ bnwliqwl{nnmll m(ib(j (iwlL dnrtnl{nqw-
fl) hCJn~(impm(im4w(i, MawjlWUi!JIImO, Z.WflWhjntUW~w(i, pWflpW-
~w(i Lbql{wlllllwOnrtmpJw(in p(innnz lL tunuw~gw~w(i Owqmll mlibgnrt
IlWJp(i ~rmrtmPJmnritql (hnqb.fl~ lijlpwnmpjmulibn. hnq.uw~~~ ~wqllmp
ilfl 2Wfl9 flW[llll{WORlib[l nL hW[lWflJlnLpjm(i(ib[l, ~(it1.4bu' U/1f1V1U !JObtJ
JW(i l!lLwpw(iw~wfT. 2Ul(TWhjnLUW~W(i pwflpWilWJflU ttfmrlmpjm(i(ibp):
nU1Jlbf1/11J U1UJft, Uf7U1/1gu Wf7Jnt0 t hnumtl, wftwOp Wf1UJ, UJU1[UJU m
l:il{ w1.4w' pWf1J!WDWJ~li pwobnu m gbpw~w(iw~w(i lllLbfl[! qb-
juwu, juwu-fuwJ/1lbJl, qwt/1 m qmnObO, uwqntj-pwtlwOJnt/LL wnli:
f\Wfll{bulllw~w£i, wnonJw-tunu~gw4wu ntibnmll hfnlliw~w(imll qnp6
PwnpwnwJ~li pwnbnn qbrtwnl{bulllw~w(i bp~bpmll hwtiwtu
t;(j wmtmll lllbl\~. il~2Wl{WJ(lp lnullWL4WUTWUftJW(i b[lW(iqwl{nnmll
qnnO b(i wOl{mll liwlL b[lqpOw~w(i (il4WIIlw~nl{: 1~2bli9 ramllw(ijwli~
ulllbll.ObLm. ~bnl4Wf11T tunll9tt wfihwlllW~wliwQllwCi, Onwlig hwrtnn-
«Cm(ift m ~Willmli», «U~ ~WPPL llbll.fl[!», ~Wflb(igp «4WL4~Wq pwllw- flW ~gnulli m.: LbttJ.Ur drJ1tTn.WllwJUm.Jijrn.OIL ~m. ntiw l{nn ~U4 H,
zwli» LL wnlf: f'luijiipptnlll t( bpq.tKn.u4wfi-• U. WJL OiLJ.wmw41ibtm¢ UJ.t.bL Wg (i b(i9 (i WLL,
}-52 153
~o. npnOR qnpo bO woijnul wnwOOpO futlpbnll hw11.nnllw~gw~wo qnn-
np pwt"~pwnwJtJO pwnbp~ m gbpw~wOw~wO OL.bpp Ozttwo UlliWillW- ooOpwgnul L. hptlOw~wOmtl nLObO wOtlwOnl\w~wO qnpowrmLJp, ~u~
~wl')pntllObp[! qnun pwppwnnij qp4,w6 Ulllbl\6'wqnp6'mpJni.OObpnLil bppbtlO OwL.' qbi\Wiltlbulllw~wO bp~bpnul OlliWUillmtl b(i wnwO~!lO
(tJO!ll.J~Ufl¥ biJ Q.. UmO~m~JwO~. UwJwp-LntfwJ!l uLnbl'\6'wqnru~mpJm0- wOhwlllObpfi tunugp nl'SwttnptlwOn:
0bf1[!, Owlfl. "lwLnl.jwujwup wpt'lw~p npnz qnp6bp La WJLO) nl'Swl.jwO w- «dwpqnOwJ!lO-owo~wtbqLlJwO pwnbpo hpllOwl.jwOnul tunuw~
nnLLln4, nnn2UJ~Il wpdbg tnLObO: UJulllbl\ 'li1WOQ wnwlJ,btWlllbu mObO gwl.jwO pOmJp mObO lt hwu~wOwtll bO WJU fuwijbpp m fullpbpp hw-
qmLn hwul.jwgmpjmO wpLnwhwJLnnl\ w04,w0nqwl.jw0 qnnownmjp: llwp, nrmug qWI}UlOpmpjwO l.jwll Llll WJL U~WillWilmtlntl «UUlbi}Obpt nL
qnnowonul bO r;.pw0g» 45 :
Untlnnwpwn dwnqnOwJpO pwnbpo tlbnwqnmll bll qnrtbptJO, ~wll
hwuwpw~mpJwO tlb2 wn~w WJL hwOgwqnno tutlpbn!l6. tOWJWO WJil·
PwnwUjwzwntJ I'}Wuwl.jwpqtlwO 4wnltnfl !WtflwOpzObntJg tlb~O tL lllllufl dwnqn0wJ!l0 pwnwUjwzwn!lg ~wnn11. bO oqLntlbL n1 llllwJO
Rnbw~wo hwOgwqnnoObpo. pwOLnwfl~JwtObpf!, l.jnOowpwOObpf!, wn
pwnbp!l qn116'U.16'mpjwO hwuwnw~wl.jwu ~wll ung!lwtw~wO
bnpbllO OwL.' wnwOOpO LlwuOwqplllnLpJmOObnll Lnbp llwp'lll4' 4,w-
uqqpmugu t, bpp hwztlll t wn04,nLil WJO hwOqwtlwOeo. pb llllUWL pw-
nnpl'}ubp, qp04,npwl.jw00bp, uwijwullltJUbf1, wnltLnpwl.jw0-!Wf111l0bf1 U.
11[! ~wll pwnwtumllp[! hwuwnw~ntpJwO n·pllwu~ l.jwtl n"n wOI}wllOb-
WJLU, UOLJUtJul.j' bptJillWUWpl'}nLpJWU nnnz fuwttbp' llUII'IDQWI.jw00bf1,
11~ hwllwp t qnpOWOw4wO, L. WJI') pwobptJ l.jtJpwompJm90 mOp" Wf11'}-
nLuwOnll.Obn L. wnO. WJUUibu· q,nqwl;wfi qfiw[, wpwfifJw, lf/10qn (u/1-
JnQ n(lL.t ungflwtw4w0 uwhllwOwtf'lwl.jmtl, gwOp n(l J!WilWUIW2W(1tJ nt
fiUJd), Ru/11/, hwfi/1/J, dlifip, tunfutlw, lJIU/1/U, fnlf, pu~ muwOni\Obnll
pnLnr tltJwL(np0b!'10 bO, npnOg hwqwuwpwlljbu 4wll w0fuU11lf1 qnpo bO
tunuw~gwl.jwO tbq4,nul hwliwtu bO LU4nur !Jfll/Unt/, tlwfipf1Uid o0/;0/i[,
w6'4,mll hwuwpwl.jnLPJWO pntnp wOI'}wtlOI:ipp l.jnqll~g:
21/wgO/i{, RW21/IiJ, 2nl/Unlf1 qgli[, RJnLiiJ·hwdnqliJ, pn0liJ-fJWU/1g
nLpbllO pWilWl11W2W~tJill:i2 WUhpwdbzLn t U'lWflpbpwl.jl:it pwnbptJ t/tw/UJb{, /;wJJJ, pmJO dwpqnOwJtJO pwnbp[! nt tJpbOg pnLO, pwnwnw-
lltJ tumllp, npnOg hwlllm~ bO npnzwl.jtJ nLnpLnObp~ nt qnpowowl.jwO 0WJ!l0 pllwuLnnij:
LnlUWL hwOpntpjwO nnnzwl.jp fullpbp~ 4nl\ll~g: dwpqnOwJtJO pwnbpp tlp Llwuo qpw4w0 tbqijnul qnnow6wl.jw0
PwnwUjwzwnll WJU zbJ1Ln[! un4,nnwpwp wOijwOnLil bO pw11wtqw· pwobp bO, pWJQ hptlOw~wOnul nt flnbOg pmO, WJL LnwppbfltJtlwuLnOb-
zwnn hWUWilW4WJUnJ1bO UlW!"'PI:iPW44,w6' zbnLn: Uju zb(IU'lll llbi, ~01- nnlJ., PU!lllbu' J!U121/Ii[-l/1nf1dUJ0p/1, 2UJO/I dlip oOI;Oii[, 21/wg0/i[-q,nqw-
llll:iU Wfll'}b0 OzbL bu9, tlLOOmll bO uwu hwjbpbO~ LnWflWOwl.jwO UlWJ1- 0UJ[, ¢wfug01iJ, Ql/U/10 J!W21il-/Utlli[, hwf1p/iJ L. WJLO, lljmu0bJ1[! wOgbL
plinw40bptJO pOnpnz pwnpwnwJtJO pwnl:ino. npnOg wllbOtJg wnw2 bO WJL tbqmObntJg Oflll!bU OlllWI'lWJ!WlinLpjnt00bf1, tJO!lljbu' lJIU/1/U,
ll~wL(np4,mtl bO U1Wpw6gwjp0 rnwppbpwl.jllwO hwllll.jw0pzn4: funfudw, /;wj/J, hwf1/IJJ L. WJLO: Uzwl.jbpLnObptJ, 'lUifmgwl.jwOObptJ
UJu zbJ1LntJilb2 bO Owl.t WJO pwobpQ, npnOg pOnpnz bO hwuwnw- 2fl2Wl11Willnul [!OI'}m0tlw6' t pwnbptJ 4nliwLn OL.bpp qnpow6'nLpJmOo.
l.jmpJwO wnw0<\!10 ungf1wtw4w0 fullpbn~O lt qnn6 bu w6'4,nLil OpwOg tJOtll!blf w0q[J/;w=w0q[/if1/ifi qwu J/;w, dwp/itl-tlwp/idwtll/1/;w, W2/U-/1g
4nrtlll'!g' npnzwq~ OUjWLnwl.jflbnml: UJu pwnbp(!, pOwl.jwOwpwn. 411- nL2UifJOJ lid=w2/UU1(1hUJqf1fllPJnl0/1g nl2UJ{JO[ btl u WJLU, null lflnRI'lll~
flWilnLPJwfl Obq, uwhllwOwtf'lwli ntnfllll ntObO L. unL(nnwpwp w04,w- ObptJ Lbqijmtl' tll/ltll/1/; wfili[ - Outllbf, ln¢-ln¢ wOii[-J nqwfiw[, l;wl;w-
Onui bO WJOllj~u~ wnwnqwObp m bpL.ntJpObp. npnflg llrbOg hwtlwp- d/1(1q, l;nO!pbt11 L. wnO: ntlwu9 dwpqnOwJtJu-6'w6'4wtbqllJwO pwnbpp
dbg w0ijw0ntll0b!'10 mObO OwL. tbqlJ.Il hwuwnw4wJ0nnbO tlllWflpb- LDWPWU1buw4 bO hwllwnmll OwL. qnbhl.jwpwOnLpJmullbp[! l.jwll hw-
pwl.jqwo l.jwll [!01')hwflpwl.jw0 zbprntJ llb2: "Jwlllwhwl.jw(j 1t. n(l dwn- uwpw4wpw0nLpJm00bp(!, npnOg llb2 htJilOwl.jwOnLil llU10mll bO wp-
qnOwj~O pwnbpo un4,nnwpwp pOnpnz bO hwuwpwl.jmpjwO llbl.jntuw- hwllwphwl.jwO. wOwnqwl.jwO, hwJhnJw~w(j pwnbn[!, tJOtUibu· fJUJUfJUJ-
gwo fullpbptJ tbqL(no· D!"'Uibu 6wo~wpwOmpJnL00bp L. hwl'Swtu oqrnw- tn2. JWl, nlifu, qfu/;ti71/liJ, 20pnli[, JW/;Ii[, tw¢/if, ulilJIOf10 pwglit (d/1-
qnp6'4,mll bO ntll~zObp~O wOhwul.jwfiWLP t!lObtnL UUjWillwl.jnL(:
UJu pwnwzbprntJilbi wllbOpg waw2 llU10mll bO, WJUUibu 4nt4,w6', 45
U. Uwrq.wpJWU, dwtlwuwl.jw~pg hwJng tliqm, b., 1993, tp 203;
dwnqnGwjpG l.jwll 6'w6'1.fwtbq4,WJ~G pwobpO nt qnbhl.jwpwOmpjnLOOb- 155
154
UUJf/.0[}, fudnli[, nOf}li[ (nunli[} L. wnG: 'L2Ltwo pwntrno nnnzw~~nntG qwll.nLPD. 4wLwGwLtwJ11Q L. GllwG tl~2wLtwJ11b11G m WJI'}Ulb!l qnpon11.
lflWI1POil!lnLLl b(i tunuwljgw~w(i pWilW~W2WI1~9 ~11bGg nt5wljwQ-wp- tlwnll~4. GpwGg tl111w6n!lnLpJm0u m hwllnfl'lW~gmpJwG qnpooG~tw
Lo'1WhWJli1!UJljUJ[l qmGwt{nr,tlw!lp. U(1LUU,P h~tl0w4wfinul WfllliWhUJj- g[!. nu~ lluwgwo flb~pbnmtl 'li1WUJ1 pwgwuwpwp b[i WUf'lflW'lWilUnLll
LllnLtl bfi pwgwuw~wO hllwCiqwLtnrmul: «=iwuwpwljwljwG pwnw~w- n1 tlnwJG qbll.wnLttuUlw4wG bf14~ tunuJ1wnLttuUl~. Gpw Lbql!w4wu
2WI1~ h~tl!1o ctwtlwuw~w~~g hwJbflbumtl 4wqtlmtl bu qLtuwLtnnw~tu ll2w4mJp~ 4f1w, wnL. GflwCig bnpbllG~ qnpowompJmun tuflwtunLubL~
pwnpwnwJ~G-qwLtwnw4wu pwnbflQ, tlwuwtlp OwL. qflwljwG Lbql!~ 1t L.' 'lWUUl~WflW4tw4wu, L.' mumgn11.w4wu, ll wnwLtbL L.u' qbll.Wfl-
WJG pwotiro. n11nGJ1 ~ptug llbnQ ptpwo ~ntuwptnw~wG Gnn ~tlwuUl· 4buUlw4wG GljwUlwnmtlGbflnLt (h~2bGJ1 t. ~Wflbug~ «llw~4wq pw-
ubp~ zGnflh~l! hmqWWI1U1WhWJUltw4wCi UlWflPOfl lrflwGqubp bli Wl'l- llW2WU»-Ci L. WJL UUlbflOWqnn6nf1mpjntGCibp):
liiWhWJLllnul, ~(jiUfbU 011~(jw4· nlijv, /jWf7/jWd L. WJLU: 1~2JWL pWilW- qDbhljwpwOmpJmOObpfJ unLtnpwpwfl qnpow6w4wu tbCi, tltnctt-
UfW2WI1jlllb2 wnwuMwCimll t uwL. pwllbjl~ ll~ tunulp, n11~ llb2 thnGn11. L~ bu qnnownw~wG tlJmu niSbflnLll, muUl~ L. 'lllwGg ~wflnfl bu hwCi'lil-
pwnbflQ qmn4 bu Ltwn wnUlwhWJ111Ltwo pwgwuw4wu qnLGwLtnflnLtl~g ~bl tl~wJG qbll.Wfll!buUlwljwu, wnopJw-tunuwljgwljwu niSbflnttl L. tlw-
L. qUlfll!mtl bu qpw4wG qnflOWOnLpjwG 4nll.J1~U. ~Gt~bu· O[/jli[, O/l/j- uwlip' hnw~wf1w4wtunumpJwCi lib2:
f7W/jb[, wljn/jli[, utnnl. tlnmp L. wnu: UnLtnpwpwp WJU 4wpq~ pwntpo
l"'p 4b~mtl h.J. UpnLlJwGn. ~nn~bLn4 huUlw~ 4bnwf1UlW'll1bL ~bu
qr~wCi Lbql!~ Cinpllwj~g JlnLpu bG L. pGnpn2mtl bG hwuwpw4wgtlwG,
QW'lwqpw~wu ~wUl~bnGtno. hwtSwtu 'l~llmll t CiwL. qnbh~wpwump
~wpqbgtlwG, gw6pwgtlwG. 4n~LnmpjwG bpwCiqubnnLt. nfl hw!Swtu
JmGGbn~G. trUtlMmp, hn wtlli0mf7,- Qf7nLtl t lu. UpmlfwOo.- /lawh/111
qb!lw11Ltbuliiw4wCi uUlbll.OwqnflOnLpJnLGutnnul L. tunuw4gw4wG Ll:iq-
tllip tllifJf7Wplif7wO IJ7w0miJ7lif71J w0wiJ7wtl nliful! nf7 pwg llf7 wOnuJ.
t[mtl qnnowoLtmtl bu ~pflL. Wfl111WhWJ111lw~wG Ulwppbfl. tunuJ1~Ci hw-
UJWIJ70f71J fJnl]mll t/10, /jWIJ7t/1JOlif71J ilLwt/nuJ. hwt/lipo ljnljnnul ;w
UlnL~ WpLilWhWJUl!W~w(i bpw(iq UlWLnL, funUJ1Q n!SwLtnpbLnL 4wtl qb-
11.W11ltbUUlW4W0 qnw~wCinLpJWU tlb5! qnp0n11. wuawGg wGhwUlw4wG /jJ/jJmtl... t;o qnmtl {f7, qnllli;o IJ7f71J70qnuJ. too 11/j/jnuJ. /jnt/o pwnw-
pumpwqpllwu hwtlwn»: qnth4wpwGmpJmGGtn~ pwqllwpM 4~pw
46 Jmll. hnf7p1J pl'fWt/mtl, nf71J .fJ;;wgOmtl, nf71J l/1UIJ7wg0mll, nf71J tjqqwg-
nmpJntGCibp 4w£i tu. UpmlJwG~ «Y.bf1J1 1wJwuUlw£in» Lttr~nLll, n1 Omtf. nf71J t/fJQWg0mll... qwf7/J, fJWf7tlWO /jlif7WO UJWt/Wf7, hw;IJ70/1 pwO
ll~wJu 4b~wnutp~ tunuJ1nLtl, WJLL. hbll.~Gw4wJ~U u~wnwqflnLpJmCi w, nf7 /101 wulJu Of7w0gf1g !JnLU ljqwf7 ... tuutliu Owfuf7fuw0/1 m llmq/J/j/1
Cibflmll: 'Lz4w6 pwnw2bflUlbnn4 4bn~wflub~~ tunuJ1~ n!Swl!nptlwu LW- dbfi ;wh/1 f}nwOO li llf7[Ut/mtl... a:
LtwqmJu op~CiwljGbp t UlWL~U 1p. UwpL.nujwuo dwtlwuwljwlj~g hwJ llwtl" 4bfl~wpubn~ tunuJ1nut «---sn· 1/lnf]fJ lL phwOf}wllo qOw,
qb!lWI14bU111W~WU Wl1iiW4ntll. fJnL lt. IJ7n· '1mnmlluw!] ... IJ7ri ,pwtjpwn, /lil gwtju hlif7/11!1/1. fJnL l1 tllilj
«- Cf7/jm dwtl t. Pf7/l bu qOwgli[, ;wO ,GW'b... ?li nlifufJ hwt/W,GWO /jn!]tl/JgO liu tl/Juu owtlmtl: fJ ·o1liu plif70/JfJ /;WU/IJ /jiJ7f70f m Lliqmf} pliq
u;wh/Jf7, hw ~ .. »: JOU wOmtl: ~liOOfJ /j1J7f7f1, pt ll !Outliu pwg/J /jt.nwtl, nf7 WIJ7Wil0lif7f]
'-lwll' ~- fJ01m • liu mqmll UUJWOlif, um /12/1 IJ7f]W: .. bu ,Gliq t/1nf7fJ ljpwl/lt//1: Uwf] Of71J wpwf7 bu pjvmll. tuof7 lL /1·01 liu Qtmfuu
/1 ·01 t/WIJ7nLpjnL 0 btl Wf70f, IJ7n IJ7Wt/Wf7/J gw f./... qOwgb,G, ;0nf7hW/jWf IJ'/WOmtl... »:
lif]li,G, nf7 Lli20lif7fJ jlill¢nmil... »: I"'Ci!1.4bu tpL.m~ t G2Ltwo op~Gw4ubn~g. qnbh~wpwumpJmuubn~
OpJ1wG tL qnbh~wpwGmpJmCiGbpn ntSwljwu npn2wlln G~wUlw qnpowompjnLU(!, ~~2Ul !t. nn qnw4wfj Lbql!~ hwuwp pnLJLWIIlllbLn t,
ljWflflnLtl mubuwu, WjCimwlltjll..uJCi~4. GpwGg qnpowontpjnLG[! 2WUl bppbllli nn~bu qnbh~wpwumpJmCiut:jp~g tumuw~bLm ll~2ng wnw-
J1~t 'lbllfJ10f1nlll ljwpn11. t qbll.Wfl4buUlwljwu wnmtln4 wpqwpwgmll 2Wf144mll b(i wnwG~~(j pwnbp m IJ.II1UlWhWJUlnLpJmCiubp, nflnCign4
mubUWl, funUJ1[! 4bnwpbpmtl t WJU Jlb~J1b11~U, 011P l'}f1WUJ1 nLub(j ~nfuwn~lil!mll b(i 4n~~Ul, wupmJLWUll'lbL~. UlhWIS pwnbflU m WflUlW-
qmUl wuLtwunllw4wCi qnpownmjp, bflP G4wnwqfl4ntll bu pwGUlQ, hWJUlnlpjmGubflD, ~Cit~bu tllJnli[-~ !ftntuwflbu' OOplig;wf, tllinOli[-m
~ntuwpbu tjwjv5w0t/lit L. wnu:
46
U. UmpjlWUJW£i, dwllwliw4w4jlg hwJng Lbqm, b., 1989, t2 194:
\56 !57
6~1
85;[
"1. Uuw4o qpnul t. «btl WJil ll~ Uwzlllng», WJf1 pwno qnrr6 t w6mll 1111. f!Wfi~ np tbqtlwpwOmpJwli llb2 Onpwpwlim~JmOObp~ UlWppbp
UWf1!}. U11]WUWf7!} pwn~ tflntuwpb(j n1Sw4w0 npnzw4~ bpwliqntl: nL- uwhllwOmllObp m nllpnumllObp 4w0. bppbllO zwtn bO LWJOwgOmll lin-
pbll(i' ~ Ulwppbpmpjmli L4Wlllllwpwnbp~, hOwpLUnbp(i wutflnfuwp~ pwpwOm~JmOObp~ (!lil'}qp41lw0 uwhllwOObp[!: "lwpq t, np Onpwpw-
libt~ !l:ili, mlibli ~pblig hwllwpdbf! llubp[! qpw4w0 hwJI:ipblimll. u hbz- OnLpJmliObp[! Onp pwnbpO bO, Onp wplllwhWJlllnL~Jmliubp[!, ~O!L4bu
lllnL~Jwllp 4wpn11. bli 'lllWOgntl tflntuwp~Citlbt: UJuoptlw qpw4wu tbq- Owu pwnwJ~O Onp ~llwu111libpu: q_ ~whm4Jw0~, !b. lutll.WPJWU~ «1w-
tlmll hw6wtuw4~ bli hwCI'l~l4mll qpwpwpjwO q/1. pwliq/7, tlwiltn. Ow- Jng tbqm» l'}wuwqpf!mll Oztlw6 t. np tbqtl~ llb2 Onp llmlllf! qnp6n11.
/UWf7Wf1UJg u WJL laubf1, npnOg qnp6w6m~JnLU[! hwli6liwpwf1l:iLP 1t. pwnbpO m wptnwhWJlllnL~JmOlibp[! 4n!tlmll bli linf1wpw0mpjnt00bf1,
f!Wli~ nJl mCibOf! WJl'll:ifi ~u4 [!lirpulitlw6 n{1, n{1lJIOUQ/1, tlwtlnt[/1, liw- op~Ow4· hwtlwJ/1{1, tlwuliw;blip, U7/1bqo{1wliwt/, JnLUUJqliwg u wnli:
fuUJf7UJ{11i0{1/1 u WJL hwtlwpdbf!Cil:iJl: PwJg Wlli'}Jn·f! Oztlw6 pwnbp~ WJUoptlw llbp1.4wtn4bpwgllwllp hw-
~liwpwlim~JnLlilil:ipn t~linLill:ifL' pwnwJ~fL-pwnmJ~WJ~G (wJpnuJ/1 llwpqmll bli OnpwpwOm~JmOObp: t"lhwp4b' n'!: 1b0g WJUtnl:ill. t, np
-h0UO[UJQn{1, po{1pn!J - pUJ0WUU10!JU, Qt/Wf7W/j- Wf1pWn iJ. WjJO), pw- 4wpunp t m wOhpwdbztn 6zqptnbt «Onp pw11bp» wplllwhWJLnnL~JwO
nw-hli!)nLGWJ~(j {U1ouui{jli[ - irouOo[. pwpmgwlili/ - pwpgOb[, 11{1- [!llpnOmllo u hwtn4WL4bu' Opw uwhllwOObpo: UJU hwpg~ l4Wilqw-
fJnLtlO - 0{1/'}nltl, UJUit/·Ui.J., t/Of1W·t/f7W u WJLli), f!bJlw4wliw4w0 {f/Jtl pwlillw0 hwllwp wllbO~g wnw2 4wpunp t 04wtn~ mGbOwt tbqtl~
qf1/1L - 10t1 q{1/1. h{1wtlwliwt/ - h{1wtlw0nt/, pwt/Jtfogwt/ - pwt/Jt/og, qwpqwgllwO LntUWL tflmw. tl:iqLl.~ qwpqwgllwG tu~utn nf1nzw4~ u
UIJ.wliw- UIJ.w0/7, dwtl[n- tlwtlnL[/1 u wnu): zwtn 4wp6 dwllw0w4whwtntlw6[!, WJLWL4bu nllwOf! OnpwpwOm~JmO
SwppbJlw4tlmll bli Owu ~llwulllWJ~O huwpwOnL~JnLOObp, npnOf!, b(i hwllwpmll n1 tl~WJU 60-80-w4w0 pijw4w00bf1~U pwllWL4WZW11
llUJQ~ ~pbGg pmu, h~ll0w4w0 ~llwulllObp~g. qnp6 l:i(i w6Ll.mll Gwu
~pbOg h~O ~llwullllibpnq: UJUL4bu· wppwliJUJ/j OzwGw4mll t «llntnpw4~ 41
st·u Ut. UwpqwpJWCi, Gzq. wzju. t2 208:
160 11* 161
UnLlllp q.np6wo pwnbpO m Wpl11WhWJl11nL!}JnL00bfl[!, WJL~l I'J.pWO~g tt
'l.nLPJnLOObfl, flbll~U !b[j llUtbt q.n(16nL0 PWilW~UI2Wil~ llb51, flbllllU InL·
wt.ibt~ 2m111 ou~w6 dwilwuw~W21112W0nul (umJO~u~ ~w111b11wqllw
Obu [!OqhwOm11 l11W(Iw6mll, LWJO ~ hw!Swfuw~~ ~~pwnmpjmOQbp,
~wQ zn2w0nul ll 'l!lWO~g WllWQ): UJU hwOq.wllwO.QObno O~Wlll~ mOb~
~u4 wnw!la~u 'lbuwl:irmLil umJu~u~ 1bu W11C'lwuwq11t!bt Lnt!JWL tl:iqttr
Owtmf tq. U'l.WJWfl[! uwfu ll WllW2 Oni1Wpw0mpjm00bl1~ bp~m lll:i6
hwllw~WlllWUfuw[j pwnwpwQQbpmll: nLpbllQ' unpwpWUnLf}JnLUUbp
tullpbl1 t 111wppb11w~nur tin{1wpw0mpjm00bf7[UIJO wonulnt/~ 0n{1UJ·
~bUlp t hwllwpbL pntnfl WJO On11 pwnti11[!, n11nOp qbnllu 1bO ClnqttbL
pwumpjmtiubf7 tibq wonulnt/: Unw20npqt!btnt! WJO u~qpmOpm.l, np
llltlJwL tbqt!~ w~lll~t! pwnw~wzwp~ llb5!, u qq.wgttmll t ti11wQg f}Wfl·
wllbO ll~ On11 pwn· ublflw~wo. ~b LflnfuwnJWL, uwfuw~bu hwOflbu t
llmpJmuQ m w0unttn11nLPJnt0[1, OnLJO~u~ nrmzw4~ dwllw0w~whwl11-
Q.WL~u n11~bu On11wpwumpJmu· tbqttwpwuo LWJO wnmlln4 On(lwpw-
ttw6mll ~wpn11. bQ wOhwu~wOwt~ m n1 llw1111bL~ t~Obt zwlllbp~ hw-
OmpJmO t hwllw(lmll LntlJWL tbqm llm111Q q.n116w6 tbqttw~wO pntnl1 ~
llw(l: nLUlll~ ~ WJUOptlW llbn [!Upn0llwllp. UUJI1UW{1UJU, hb11ntUU7W-
pnl'[nLPJnL00bl1[!, ~u~ ub11. wnmllntt, pwnwq.~111w~wQ wnmllntt. Onpw-
gm;g, U7/1bqbf7wliwt/, Ul/1bqb{1wqliwg, Juwqwtfwf1, ;w{1dmliwlj, ll7b-
pwOmpJmu t wllbO ll~ Onp pwn, ~WJnLO pwnw~w~w~gmpjmO, flWflC'l·
uwq{1b[, hWUlnLJP, qbqwuwhJ! ~ OllwO pwnbp[l IbO ~wpn11. L~ObL On-
ttw6p, wnwO~Owhw111m~ wpLnwhWJlllnL!}JnLO, pwn~ .Un11 ~llwu111, pw-
11Wpw0mpjm00bp, pwO~ np 'lllWUp tlW'l.nLQ wugbL bO PWilWI.I.jW2WilP
nwq.nl16w6mf}JWO On11 ~11nll.nLPJnLU:
q.np6m0 zb11111, mubO ~~11wnw~wu pwqllw~~u~ ntnl1l1101:il1, lll:i6 hw-
Ujumhblllll tq. li'l.WJWO[!, O~Wlll~ mubOwtntt pwnw~W2WI1~ llb2
tSwfuw~wOmpjmO u pwnwf1wuOb11mll Wl1'lbQ W11<1wOwq.11t!w6 bO:
unpwpw0ntpjm0Qbl1~ mubgw6 Flbl1[!, flpwOp pwdwOmll t bp4m bQ-
C!u111 llb11 llnlllbgllwO' tbqt!~ qwpq.wgllwO WJU Lflmtmll Onpwpw-
~w zb 11111b11 p. f!lifJhWti{1UJg0nq L tlbltnwwgw6:
OmpjmOObp 4wpn11. bOp hwllwpbL li7Wf7Wf1dm;p, qwqwpwdnqnt/,
f!O!JhU10f1UJg0nq OnpwpwOntpjntOObpbO hwllwpttmll pntnp Of7hlib{1q, h/1tlliUJf/{1UJtl, UJUnLf/IU, rfbtJtWQ{1nLjg, hf1WUUJ}[, funf7hf1fJW-
WJU Qnp pwnbp[!, npnOp ~w111SW1111l, pb bp~wp dwllwO~wll~2ngmll f1UJ0, hwlif7WJ!t/b, Ulbuwhntnt/w/j, Ulbuwtfwf1dnt;p, UJU7bliwjunump-
wuouqhwlll ~11~uttn11. q.n116w6mpJmOub11~ hb111llwupntt wOgOmllbQ pw- ;mli, ubqtlwq/1J1 u OllwO pwqllwp~t! pwnbp: unpwpwOmpJmOul:ip[!
nw~wzwl1~ Q.OI16nt0 zbl1111~[j ll hbQg 'li1W0ntt tt 'lW'lWI1nLil Qni1WPW-
h~ll0w~w0mll WllW2W0ntll bu bp~m b'l.WUW~ntt (WJU I'J.bl.l.j,PnLll O~w
QmpjnLU t~ubtmg: liJ'l zwpg~ On(lwpwOntpjntOObfl~ Ptt~u bQ flWU- lll~ 1mObup ¢nfuwnmpJmOObpo):
ttmll' hbnnwll7wgm;g, li7/Jbqb{1wliwt/, fuwqwt/wf7, Ulbuwqf7b[, lib{1- Uowp/Jli. bpp wOhpwdbzlllnLpJmO t wnw2wQmll w0ttw0btm hw-
f/libt, bf7bUUfUJUib[, hwumLJp, nflw/jwli/12. wlit/wfJnfJ ll QllwO WJO~~u~ uwpw~w~wQ ~JwOp~ Lnwppbfl ntnpLnObpmll m pOwq.wttwnObpmll unp
pwnbp, n(lnQg llb11 ~w111~bpwgllwllp llu Wfl'lbQ ~u~ QnpwpwQmpJmO- ~~11WilnLf}jnL0 ULnWgw6 wnwp~wObp, bpllntjf}Ub11 m ~lln'l.nLf}JnLUUbp:
Obp 11:iO, pwu~ nfl WJ'l pwnbpu WJdll lll:ip q.pw~wo tbqt!~ m Oflw WJU UJu~bu' 60-w~wQ pttw~wQubp~u. bpp ul11b'l.6t!bg qbl.l.j~ rn~bqbpg
~wll WJO 1111:i111l~Owhwllw~w11q.~ q.n116mO 2l:ifll11~ pwnbp l:iO:
pn1n11. Qnp uwppwttnflmll, pQw~wOwpwfl WJO ~bUJQ t mul:iOwp ~11 hw-
Ubftmuwgw6 OnpwpwOntpjntOObpO WJO P"L"I1 On11 pwnl:i110 llw~wLnwufuwO w0ttw0mll[!, mu111~ ll wOil~2w~l:iu Ul11b'l.6t!bg U1/Jbqb-
bQ, npnQp q.np6w6ttmll bQ WJU ~wll WJO q.pttw6pmll, pWJQ ~11~0t!n'l. f1Wliwt/, ~u~ w~w Owu · U7/1bqbf7wqliwg, U7/1bqb{1wqliwgmp;m0 ~
q.np6w6mpJmOul:ip 1bu mObumll, mu111~ ll !bO wOgOmll pwnw~wzw- OllwQ pwqllwp~t! OnflwpwOmpjmOObfl: Pwnw~wqllw~wO OmjQ ~pn
11~ q.n116mu zbplll~u: UJ'l fullp~ lll:i2 ~wpn11. bO ll1110bt ll~~ttw6w~wu 'l.nLPJnLU[! ~WlllWptlbL t uwll hbnntUUIUJgnL}g/1 ~ QllwO pwqllwp~t!
pwllbl1[!, pWUWUl11b'l.6W~WU unpw~bp111 pwnbp~ ll~ llwu[!· hb'l.~Qw ~flnLJpUI:ip~ Ul11b'l.61lw[j wn~pnq, l:i11p q.np6w6nLf}JW0 llb5! 'lfltll:ig~O hb-
~Wj~O On(lW~wqllmpjmuOI:ip[!, wuhwp~~ lftwfuwnmpjmOObp[!, (OlllW- DnLUUlUJgm;g, hbnnLUU1UJU1bumpJmO, hbnnwmwfJ/IU1nf7fJ, hbnnLUUIW-
un{1wpwlimpjmli0b{1[! pwnWJ~O WJO
48
pwpwumpjmQubp[!) ll wnu: Ijw;wli, hbnnWUlUJlibfl/jUJ}Wgmtl~ WJL pWfli'J.nLpjmOUbfl:
ll~wttnp01:il1[j l:i(j, WJU Onp pwnl:ip[!, WI1111WhWjl11ntpjntU0bl1[! ~ ~llWUlll u~wlllbOp Qwu, np QllwO ql:i~pbflmllll~Oill wqq.wJ~O hwllwfldb,p
(j bpQ, np nup Lbqt!~ 1114..Jwt Lflmtmll q.~ 111w~gttnul bu ~ ppll On11 ~11 n- llubfl~ ulllb'l.omllo hQwf1w4.np t, "fl dwllwQw~w4,npwU.jbu ~~flWilntj:I
JWU llb2 'lfltlbO Ow~ npnz LflnfuwllmpjmOObp, npnOp hblllWQ.WJnLil 4.b-
~ 8 Sb'u tl). UI'J.WJWU, ~lil)hwlimpl.t hWJ~W~wli pwuwq~mmpJnLii, t2 169-170: 11W6qmll b0 Ol11WI1WpWQmpjnt0Qbf1~: (i"Qi~l:iu' me/leBU.JOp, KOCMOC,
162
163
qpwljwli hwjbpblimll hbq~OwljwJ~O linpwljwqllmpjmOObp[! h~llliw
BU.deO u WJLii): ~b('l2~(j dwllw!iw~(ibpu LWJ!i ~~("'WilnL~JnLii UliiWQW6
ljwlimll Ulllbq6!.J.mll bli pw('lr}nLpJwli m w6wligmlllibp~ ll~2ngn4, ~
·«tnbuw» {Bu.LJeo) wpllwmml. w('ll').l:ili ~wqll!.J.bt bli pwqllw~~4 linpwpw-
hwnljb, 4bl12~1ilibpu WJUlllbi'J. hwllbllwlllwpwfl w!.J.bL~ 9~! l').b('l mGbO,
limpJmfilibp' mauw/ug/Jft, m!Juwhntnlfwl{, mauwlfwpdm;p, m!Juwdw-
9wO PW('lr}nL~JmOiib('l[!, npnliE ntiwljwli pwqllw~~u~ lil4Wlllw41ibpn!.J.
U/WI./M, ~u~ w~w liwu ttJJJii ~rpwnmpjmO l:ili ulllwlinul q.wqwpwdn-
bli ultlb'l64mll, hWJlllli~ bO W('lr}bli llbp tbq!.J.~ qwpqwgllwO hliwqm 1o
rznt/, funphflf'IW{IwO, wOl{wfu UjblllntpjntOOI:ip/1 hwllwq.npffw[fgntpjntO,
2112W00bp~g: flbnLu 10-11-('li').I').Wflb('lmll Qp. uwpbljwg~(j ~11 hwOtiw-
qbpdwj0Wj/J0 hpp/Jn pwnl:ipli m W('lliiWhWJlnnL~JnLiiObp[!: unpwpw-
('lbi'J. ~nbllmll ljbplllbL t pwqllw~~4 OnpwpwOmpjmOObp, npn09 "!
fumllp(i WllW2W0nLil t Wjli l').b~~mll. bpp W('l-
linLpjmlilibp~ b('l~('ln('ll').
ll~WJO ntiwljwO npnzw4~ bpwOqw!.J.npmll bO hwqnpl').mll bplj~O. WJLu
l').bli ~ulj qnp6w6mpJw0 llb2 qmli!.J.nq ~('lnLJ~[!. wnwf1~Wii, bpumJp[!
~llwuliiWL~ bO, ~wpll m tu~ulll wOhwlllw~wO, npn011 hblllwqwJnLil uu,
~wtl hwuljwgnLJ:}JnLiili [!lil').hwlipw~bu (hwlllljW1.4bu lflntuwnm~Jm.li
wnw4btWL4bu pw0wulllb'l6wljw0 tunu(1mll LWJO 4~pwnmp1 mo bfi
libp[!) wO!.J.wlill.nul bli linp pwnbpnll. m W('lliiWhWJlllnLpJmlilibpnll., ~li!
UliiWQbL, ~0!1.4bu' ff/lffwrzwfu/Jtn, wOtfwhwpdwO, q./Juwfun/11/. wOwu-
~hu' Oph011{1Q, h/Jt10Wf1{1Wtl, funph{lf}.W{IUJO, funu0w[j, h{IWUWJJ, W{l-
Ow[fliOgwrz u WJtli:
tnW{Idntjp, ulirztfwq/1{1, wiii!JOwfununtp}mO, tfblJIWQflnLJg u wnli: t4
1bq~Ow4wJ~0 Onpwljwqllm~JmOObp~ wnmlln!.J. uu wOqbpwqwO-
!.J.bi12W~bu, ~ liiW('lpbpmpJmli pmli ljwll tbqll.wljwli linpwpwlimpjmO-
gbL~ t 1n!.J.h. fcJmllwOJwOn: upwO bO !.J.bpwqp!.J.mll pwqllw~~4 Onpw-
Iibp~. wlihpwdbzlll t liiW('lpbpw4bL liwu hbrzftOw[fwJftO ljwll wOhw-
Ulllb'l6 pwnbp nL W('lliiWhWJlllnLpjmOObp, ~O!~bu' ewrzgpwhnt;/J[f,
lflwqwO Onpw[fwqllntpjntOObpO ~pblig bli~wlllbuwljlibpnll., npnli9
d"wrzltwfJ.WLUJfl, hwjpb0wlfJli0f, uftpw0t/bf7, u/Jpwqmp[f, u/JpwmwOp,
h~llliwljwlimll ulllbq64mll bli qbqwpll.bulllwljwli ntimll u llwuwllp
uftpwmm, 1/;tnwqnmnp, wh!Jqwuwutn, 1/UJflfJ.WI/lWJJ, tnfupwhOgmO,
hpw~wpw~wtunuwljwO bO~wntibpmll' ntiwljwli liiW('lpbp li~wlllwlj
Oppwrznm u wnO: ~. Sb("'JWO~ Ompp q('l!~O bO ~Wlll~wOmll Oppw-
libpnll.: unpwljwqllmpjmliObp~ futlpwll.npmllli [!Ulll blipw\llbuwljlibp~
h}nLU, gOnpntn, hpfi/Jhwqwn, eOe;wpntjfl, wOppwO.u. hnq.!Jpnt/, hntuw-
wllbli~g wnw2 ~wJilw!iw!.J.npll.w6 t lipwOg wnw2wgllw£i mq~libpn!.J.,
;nrz, Jnwwl{wpltwf, OppwOmpp u WJLO: ti~Zlll t OljwlllbL U. Ubwno 1w-
WJii mq~libpnll.. npnOg llwu~li wpl').l:ili liz41:it t:
li[!, np linpw~wqllmpJmOObp~ qliwhwlllllwli h~llliwljwli !W~wli~zn
Unw2~0 tumllp[!, ~li!1.4bu W('ll').bli liljwlllbg~liE. tbqll.wljwli linpw-
~Wjllw0wll.npll.w6 t hwllW1.4WliiWUfuw(j funU(1WJ~(j ll~2Wll.WJ('lnLll
pwlim~Jmlilibpli bli, npn09 wnw2wlimll bli wlihpwdbzlllwpwp, hw-
r}('lwlig m0bgw6 W('llllwhwJlli!W4wli wpdbJm!.J.: «t~b ljnliljpblll lj~pw
uwpwljwljwli 4JW09~ liiW('lpbp ntn('lllllibpmll ljwlllw('lll.W6 lflnlflntump-
nmpjwli llb2 Onp pwn[! hwOrtbu t qwl~u ntiwljwli-W('llllwhWJlli!W4wO
JnLiilibp~ hbllluwli9n4: uz4w6 blipwfumllp[!, np tlbli9 wO!.J.wlimll bli9
npn2wlj~ wpdbEn!.J., li2w0w~mll t' ll~wOqwllwjli W('li').W("'Wg!.J.mll t
liwu pmli linpwpwlimpJmlilibp, h~llliw~wlimll wli!.J.wOnqwljwli l').l:i('l
I'J.("'W Ulllb'l6nuln wliljwtu WJO pwli~g. pb I'J.W hblllwqwjmll Qlil').hwOpw-
mli~, U WJU l').b~EnLil W('ll').l:ili lipwlig W('lliiWhWJlli!Wljw(j bpwOqwll.n-
Owtm ll~lllnLllObp ljgmgwpb('l~. pb "f unn pwn~ Ulllb'lbllWO dwllw-
('lnLil[! wnw2liwJ~Iili m ljwpun('l[! !t. mum~ u ntiwpwliwljwli mumllliw-
liw4 qpnq~ 01.4Wll1Wlj[! ll! ~b qpwljw0 tbqm(i hW("'UliiWgObtli t, WJL
u~pm~JWii hwllwp wnwOllliw~~ hbiDW911911nLPJnL0 !bli libpljWJWQ-
qqwgllmli9[!, ll~lll9[! wlihpwdbzlll lippbpwOqlibpn!.J., ntiwljwO ~Wlll
Omll, 9wli~ np upwli9 ll~WJii m ll~wJfi npnzw4~ hwuljwgnLpJmlilibp
zwti npwljn!.J. W('lliiWhWJlllbl(!» 49 :
wO!.J.wlinl'l pwllWJ~Ii ll~w!.J.nplibp bli u qnp6 bli w6!.J.nul llltUWL lijmp~
0L('lbll0' hbll.~liwljwJ~Ii linpwljwqllmpJmliObp[! liwtu ulllb'l6!.J.mll
~bLWI'J.("'W0Rn4: \.Jnpwpwlim~Jmlilibp~ bpljpn('ll'). tumllp[!, WJU~bu 4n!-
bli tunuE~ wplllwhwJlll!w4w0mpJwli, ~wlll4bpw4nnmpjw0 0U~wlllw-
4w6, /unURWJ/10 ljwll wOhwlflwqwO OnpwpwOntpjntOObp bG, npn09
4n4. w111w· wlizmzlll Owu 1iL4WUlllnLll bO qpwljwli tbq!.J.~ pwnw 111 w-
O~wlllw~whwpllwp t wO!.J.wlibt hbrzftOwlfwJ/10 Onpwt,wqllntpjntO-
zwp~ hW("'UliiWQllWii[!:
Obp, RWO~ np upw09 mlibO tl~WJii wlihwlllw~wli plimJ~ u ~pblig 6w-
qmlln4 U~WlllljWiimll b(i ll~WJ0 llltUWL hbq~liwlj~(i: uz!.J.w6 pwnb('l(!
Ulllbq6!.J.mll bO npnzw4~ zwpdwn~~OI:ipnll. L ljwqllll.mll llltUWL qpw-
ljwO Lbq4nu1 qnp6nq pwnwljwqllwljwO ll~2nglibpn4: dwllwliwljwlj~g
165
164
L9l 991
:ddBSs~ •·q '!Jmllmumd ~luqm~t~ml ~~m'ln ·u.. 'l)mfutnmu., ·1111Jn n,qs 0 ~ :!Jlfm
'1 «il!)mbmbmiJQtm» q!JmhJmr; ''1 '«ilt~qutnmlJQt~n» ~O!]qLimc ·q ff!JQZ~t •
l68 !69
4w0 pwnbl1[! tunugmt1 w4bL~ 2w111 n6w4w0, qbqw11Ltbu111w4w0 O~w- 4wll WJO <ll14w6pmll, pwJg ~4nll. qn11owompJmOtib11 tmObliwLm
111W4Wili1"Lil mObO, gwO w04w0nqw4w0, 10WJWO wnwOll~Q 4~11W ~w1116wnn4 1bO [!OilhW011w0mll u 1bO wOgOmll pwnw~w2w11~ qnl1-
nm~Jm00bl1nul OnwOg w04w0nqw4wfi Wl1dbi?[! 4w11n11 t w4bL~ w- 6m0 2b11111~0:
llW2UWJ~O L~ObL: til. Ull.WJWO[! llb4muwgw6 OnnwpwOmpJmOObfl~ 2W119t10 t llW-
?/lll/llw6UIJ/IIi pwollpg hbll.~Ow4WJ~(j WJO 0ni1W4wqllmpjm0- unLll Owu wOhw114~ LtlntuwnmpJm00bl1[! (t/liinufrllllifJ, t/li{ltnnuntn,
(jbl10 bO, n11nOg qn116 bfi w64nul pw0w4np-tunuw4gw4wfi Lbq4nLLl, UU/ntUI0/11{, Jntpw, tnli[lit/frqn{l u WJLO) u W4bLWQ0nLll, «n11 pbu llb4m-
hf'IW~WI1w4wtunumpjw0 llb2, qb'l.WI14bul11w4w0 nlimll u hw1114w~bu uwgw6 LtlntuwnmpJmOObp[! qn116mli 2b11m~O 1bO wOgOmll, PWJQ
tlwllnqmll, tunupwJ~O 111tUWL ~11w4f'Uiw4nur OJnLp~ pbLWili1W0gn4 011wOg ll~ llwun. wnwlic~mw~bu hbll.~liw4wJ~0 Onl1wpwlimpJm00bp[!,
~wtl hb11.~0w4~ ntSw4wO 1111n2w4~ Ol4WI11wlfwlll1nLlln4' tunugO w4bL~ llOmll t. WJOmwllbOwJ0~4. pwnw~w2w11~ n1 qn116nLO 2b11111nuf np~bu
hwllnq~1. UfW1114bl1w4nl1 ~w11llObLnL hwllw11: Cu111 npnul, WJU 4w11q~ pwnwqwQG~ 111WI111. nL 4w11n11 bQ wqw111n11bO qn116w64bL num wu-
[inpwpwlinL,Jm00bl1[! 4wpnq bO ll~WJO llb4w0qwllJW qn116w6mpjmO hl1wdb2U1nLpJwO u ~li1-n11 dwllwliw4 wOgObL qnnomO 2b11U1~0» :
53
mlib0WL funuj?WJ~(j 1114JUJL ll~2W4WJflnLll, ~U4 hb111WqWjnLll [!lillhWO- 'l~~4w6wJ~O pwnb11[! pOmpwq114m11 bQ ll~ 2WI19 111WI1Pbi1W4~1
flW~bu llnL11U llfiWL pwnW~W2WI1~ nLn11111~g: 1b0g WJU wnmlln4 tL wnwOtiOwhwl114mpJm00bl1n4: llbfl 4w116Jlgn4" wllbliw4wphn11li m w-
WI1W0g ~w111bhwJ~O, ll~lli4w6wJ~O (o4wq~n0WL) 4wqllmpJm00bl1 bQ: llW20WJ~OO WJO t. n11 upwOg ~WUl~wfrmll bO n1 pb Lbq4~. WJL tunu-
t"01~bu 02md t 'fl. 'llnl'\nUJWO[!, u11wOp «un4ni1WPWI1 ul11b'1.64mll bO pwJ~O nLnpl11~0, WJU~(jp(j' WJU 2Wflgtl pWilbl1[! Lbq4~ pW11W~W2WflnLll
ti1lrtWI14bul11w4wG bl14mll pn4w01lw4mpJW0 Ob11g~O pbLWili1W0gn4. qnJmpjmO 1mObO u Ul11bll.64mll bO tunup~ 1114JWL ~wh~O. tunupwJ~O
npnQg tunugwjf10 U14JWL ll~2W4WJI1nLll OWilWJnLll b(i hWI'\"111lW4gnLp- n11ut ~11w4~6w4mll: Uw pw4w4w0~0 LnLI12 u 4w11un11 hw1114w0~2 t.
JulO qnf'IOWnnLpjWO[!, m~bOmll bQ b11pbllO Owu qb'l.W<l~I11W4w0 L~Q n11n4 tL ~WJllwOw4nl14w6 bO ll~~4w6WJ~O pwnb11~ llJmu 111WI1Pbl1w-
-9W$11mll, uw4wJO n1ll~ 1114JWL 1m(it;(j llWDtiWLnL [!01lhW0nLI1 qnp6w- 4~1 hwm4w0~20b11[!: UJU~bu" hwJbl1b0~ pwnw~W2Wflmll 1~ bll.bL w-
6wlfW0 p.wn•: Uhw hbUg WJU wnntlln4 tL. 04w111~ mlib0wLn4 02L!w6
51
ubOg nt/ntpjntO, g{ltnli{lliO, [liQt/WUU/WO, outJwOwgm, 2/lflWQWt/Wfl/1,
pwab11~ 4~!1wnmpJw0 6~2w4WJI1£!, OnwGg u111bl'\ouwo G~wl11w4w Ullif1Jw0ntn, wJOwOwgmtl u Ollw(i pwqllwp~4 pwnb11. n11nOg Ul11b'1.6-
~nLtl[!, ll~~4w6wJ~O pwnb11[! hwu111w1114nul bO Owu «hOw11w6», 4bL bQ wnwOll~Q wOhw1110b11~ 4nll.ll~g WJU 4wll WJli wn~pn4, tunugw-
111lUWL ~h~Q «Ptu4w6», «tgu~11nll111WJ~O» plimJp~: J~O 1114JwL ll~'!w4wmmll Ojmp~ w0ll~2W4w0 pbLWI111Wlipn4, n11nOp
«UJU Ul~~~ pwnb11~ UUlbi'\MWO Wll~pWj~Q, 4WJI14JW0~ ll'lmlln4 hbmwqwjmll 4w11n11 bQ u n11ut 4~flW11nLpjm0 1nL0bGWL, PWJQ U14JWL
4wll tgu~pntlmwJ~O p0nLJP[!. ~WJllwOw4nl14w6 4n0411bU1 hwllw- ~wh~Q wOh11wdb2111 bO bll.bL hwll.nl1114n'l liJnLPQ w4bL~ hwllnq~1. w-
1111u!U111WJ~O ~11Will1nLPJLU0 ~whw02n4, ~11 hbm Ob11tlm6mtl t Owu nw4bL uu ~wll14bl1w4nl1 llWI1lllibLm hwllw11. pliw4w0wpw11 OLlwli
~[j1-"111Wlfln4 «h0WI1WOft», «ptuwon» L~0bL•i'wl1mwun4nl1nLpJw0 n- llb~pbflmll 011wGg 'llb11[! w4bL~ n6w4w0 t, pwO w04wlinll.w4wli:
J1W4, n11~~ I& pl\Jnut t WJUOI1~Gw4 pwnb11~ n6w4w0 W111lJnLOw4b111mp- 'L24w6 pwnbfl[! n11n2u.i4~ ~llwu111 4wnn11 bO WI1111WhWJU1bL ll~wJO
Jni.fi[! u [!01'}q.04w6 w0huanw4w0 lll1"2ll[! ... UJU t ~w1116wn[!, n11 I)~~ 1114JWL pOwq11mll, ~(j1~bu' «:JqOnth/10, dqwO pwg q{l0£1/10 t/1W{lt/w0;
~Ow4w0 pwnb11[!... ll2111Wt4bu ~wh~wfimll bO pwpllnLpJwO, On- U/f/U/PWI{OIJ{l t{l pwf1pwnmtl lflP/Ig» (4.2.83), «/;{lw0/1 tlWflf1frl{ wt/liL/1
52
11nLPJW0, ~(ig0wll1~~nLpjwO m wGhwlllw4w0mpjwO lll1"2ll[!» : lWtn qpwrzt/liO hnrzwqn{lomp;wtlp, pwO t/lnrzwqn{lO'ntp;wtlp» (llw-
'lf1~4w6wJ~li pwRbl1[!. whw, w4wfl. til. UI'\WJWO~ pOmpwq11wo llmL): «4w0 2WI11 pwOwt/wffwnOii{T»: 'llwh~ u ~11W4~6w4~ pbLWI111WO-
tlbJ41U.uwgw6 lin11wpwlinLpJmfiOb110 bli, n11nOp qnpowoLtnul bO WJU pn4 WJU~~u~ pwqllwp~4 ll~~4WOWJ~(j pwnbp t Ulllbll.ObL b. :)wl1b0-
Q[! ~11 «bl14~11 uw~11~» 4b~mll, n11nOp [!011hW011w~bu hbmwqwJmll
n1 11~ qn11owompJmO 1mlibgwO, ~01~bu" 4/i0tnf1n0wmrzlirzwuwflf1fr
Sl 'T't. 'T'tn~OUJUJ!i, (j2ij. wz(u., tp 161:
U.tLOJWG, dwllwGw~w~~g hwJb!'lb(j~ pWilWJ~(j ntiwpwlimpjmG, l:i., 1988,
51
·
t! 198: 53
t11. UrtwJwli, lizll,.wztu .. t2 170:
170 171
117l:if]UJ/tUJfi 4LfuUJI/nf1UJPI:it/7' =iwdn =iwdpwfldnulnl/ftl/1- lfwqmp/1 =iw- llb~ WJL hwU14wQ~zn4· llb4wOqwllJW qn~OwampJwllp, n~[! UnLJUL4bu
dnJ/1 l{n!Jdftg... : Qwqwnwu;li111/1111UJq[/1qw111n{1fili{1/1 tUJqt.Jiti Kl/UJfJ.IifiO» Eiz4.w0 pwnwzb~Ul~ hwllw~ UIWfllllW'l~~ m 4wpl.Lnp hwuqwllwOJ2 t:
tll' Opw fi{IUJ tl,'JUJ}fnl!JJUifi u;w111ffwno.... lfl:ifi.D qwuli/Jfi.D · ,fiwtjpwilw- ~wu~ n~ ll~L44W0WJ~U pwnb~[! tunug~ llb2 unttn~wpWfl qn~6 b(i
qmpwhwdnJUJftwO QUJflm, n{l !]UI/1 fiUJ/lfiJUJfi wfi/iqiJ.nll1/11111:iUiit t{l tl/1 w04,mllll~wJ0 llb4 wliqwll, mu1.11~ u WJU tullp~ llb2 ll~nunll pwnbp(i m-
wfiqwd»: to llb~. ~w~blig~ uzttwa bfl~nul «uw~~~)) pwnn4 ~wqll4w0 ub(i, WJUtqbu ~n14W0, «pwgw~~W~ pwpllnLpjmQ», ~U!tqbU hwliwfu
hwllw~JW pntn~ Qn~w~wqllnLpJmuub~[! ll~~4w0wJ~U pwnb~ bu (~Qi. Qz4mll t tbq4wpwQw4wO q~w~w(impJw(i llb2: UJu wnwul!Qwhwlll-
~bu' 0UJ/1{1UIIJ.UII/UJffUJ{j, fiUJ/1{1nL{1UJg, fiUJ/1{1UJt1UJqnLpUJqUJ{j la WJLU): 4mpJwllp L.u Qz4w0 pwnwtumllp[! hw~wll~4mll t unttn~w~wu, ~wQn
'l~~4w0wJ~U pwnb~~ wD~WJnLPJnLU[! ll~wdwllw(iw~ JnL~wgw(ii_JnL~ (iw~wu pwnbp~ 4b~w~li1Wilflbt~nLpJwQ[! (~~~Q4nllnLPJWU[!). nLulll~ u w-
tbq4~ pwnw~wqllw~wu hQwnw4n~mpJm0ubp~ funugwJ~U ~~w~w 4bL~ hwllnq~! t llWnQmll u~wug Ulllbl1.6n4~. ~b~Uln4~ wQttwOmllo: bl!
uwgnulG t, pwnw~wqllw~w[i WJU ll~2ngOb[1~ ~pw4w0wgmll[!, n~ qn- ~O!~bu ~~w4wg~n~bu 02mll t nmu tbq4wpwQQtn~g tlb~o. unttn~w~wu
JnLj)JnL(j mub(i tbq4~ qwr,qwgllw(i U14JWL lPnLtmll, pwnw~wqllw~w(j pwno. n~[! uUlb11.04nLil t hwuw~w4wJOn~bu, ~(j1-n~ ll~ dwllw0w~wz~2W
qnnamu ~wll ~WUlflWUUl~ bl).wuw~ubn~ nL ll~2ngub~~· ullwunl).mp- Qmll, wJ(inLhbUlla wtq~nLil t ~fl tbq4w4wu, ~wUlllw~w(i ~wQEn4. pwq-
JWilp ~wll hwllwpwunLpJwllp: to UlW~pbpnLpJmO unttn~w~wu ~wll, ll~gu 4b~wunLil t WJ'l tbqm(i 4~ni1.Qb~~ h~znllnLPJnLO~g· n~IJ.Ibu QmjQ tbq-
~(i!~bu w~llb(i Ozbt tiQg, ~wunQw~wu pwnb~~· ll~~4w0wJ~0 pwnbn~ 4w~w(i ll~wttn~. L qnna t wattnLil nptqbu WJ'llq~U~U tbq4w~w(j UlWppbn
Wll~WJnLPJnL(j[! U14JWL funU!:)W2WflnLil ~wpn11 t La ~W~UlW'l~~ i.L~UbL, ll~uun~nLil(ib~mll L tunugwzwnb~mll, ll~(i!llbn ll~L44w0wJ~(j pwnb~[!. n-
ll~WUp ~wpnll b(i hbll~UW~WJ~(j uwtuwu~~nLPJWU WflllJnLUR L~(jbL ~n(iE !b(j 4b~W~U1W'lfl4mll, WJL ~b~U14mll b(i, Ulllbl1.04mll jnL~W!:)WU!JnL~
~wll ~(i!-n~ ll~ Ulbll (imj(i~u~· ~WU1Whw~w(j nL wuu~wubt~: Uju~bu' ~nu~~bU1 qn~OwampJw(i 11buu~~ hwllw[l. On[l~g 4bpwauttnul bQ, OmJQ
b. ~w~bugo Cwll~~wll~u 04~~4w0 pw(iwuUlb-11.0nLpJnL(i(ib~~g llb~mll pw~llmpjwllp ~U!-n[l WllW2~[j wuqwll, EWU~ nn WJU zw~p~ pwnbn~ hw-
qn~O t wObt K£Uitlp;n111UJ}nLf1PJJ un~w4wqllmpJmOo. n~u w4bt~ Ulb· llw~ JnL~W!:)wQ1JnLI1 ~n(i~l'lblll qn~OwOmpJm(i u4qpm012n~b(i hwllwn4mll
uw(ibt~. pumpwq~n11 m hwllnq~! t llW~dQmll ~wqznU1 m gwQ4wub~ t ll~w4 bqw4~ u wQ4n40bt~ ~~nwnmpJnL(i ~11 tunuEWJ~(j ~l'l"llmPJW(i llbQ
54
pw4mhm ~b~~w~o. (ero pe4esou peai\U3auuu) :
f'Jwnfi t funf1hnlf11J.t! ufrf1n, JUlilpJnUIUJJnlfi/J CwdfrfiUJtl..• 'lf'!L44WOJJJJ~(j pwnbnn un4n~w4w0, ~wOnuw~w(i pwnb11~9 U1W('I-
'ld4w~ pb tbq4~ llb2 W~llbO ~u4 b11wa llb4 WJL pwan4 ~wll w~ pbl14.mll b[i Owla U~W0n4, n11 U!1W0!:) n1 pb [!Uilhw(iml1. hWUWI1W~UJ-
UlWhWJUlnLpJwllp w4bL~ Ulb'l~(j m ll~~m4 punLpwqp4b~ Cwll~~wlln, 4w0 ~11nllnLPJnL00bl1 b(i, WJL' w0hw~nw4w(i, hbll~(jw4WJ~(j: n~~bu
!:)WU [jz4w0 pw(iwuUlb11.0nLpjw(i llb2, PWJQ la WJU~bU, WJU WUhWU1W- 4w(in[i' ll~L44w0w4w0 pwnb~[! w(ihwlllw4w(i Un11w4wqllmpjmu0b~
4w0 un~w~wqllnLpJnLU[! hbUlwqWJnLil wuU1~15wQwpw~ llnnwg4bg La bO L L4Wll14w0mll bO WJu 4wll WJ(j wOhwUl~O. !UWJW6 ll~zUl 1t. "11
4~~wnmpJWU ntn~Ul(ib~ i_nL(ibgw4, (pwgwrmLpJwllp ~ntth. C~nwq~. hulllw4nl1b0 hOw11wttn~ t n~nzbL 4wll U1W~pb[lw4bL WJU ~wll WJU Qn-
n~[! llb4 w(iqwll llnll1w4n~wtqbu n15w4w(i OmJ(i (itqWU1W~n4 qnpO t nw4wqllmpjw0 tqWli14WUbLnLPJnLU[! nnlat wOhwlll~· w04wtu ll~W(ig
w0bL WJU pWD[!): 0~RWU lt ll~L44W0WJ~U pwnb~[! ~WU1Whw4w0 b(i 4~nwnmpJW0 ntnl1lll~g:
nL 'uJ(iutqwubt~. qnpawampJw(i wnmlln4 qmgbla n1 (in~llwll1~4. WJQm- 'lftL44W0Wj~(j pwnb~[! hw4WUW11W~bu 4w~n11 b(i Ulllbl1.04bL u'
wllb0wJli~4. pwnw~wqllw4w0 wnmlln4 JnL~on~Ow4 bQ, ~OgOwUl~tq, q11w4n~. La' pw0w4n~ funuJ2mll' Wll011JW·tunuw4gw4w0, h~wtqw~w4w
U14JWL 4~~WilnLPJW(i llb2 Wf!UlWhWJUl~! nL tqWU14b~w4nfl, ~w~nl).W· tunuw4w0 nlib~nLil la hwll14w~bu' qbl).W!14buU1w4wO q~w4w0mpjw0
QnLil b(i W~lllWhWJUlbL hbll~Qw4~ Ul~w4n~mpJnL0[!, ~wUl~bnwgmll llb2: b11pbllu OmJO~u4 n11nzw4~n11b(i li1W~pbn4mll bu o4wq~n0WL pwnb-
Ob~(i m 4b~wpb~llm0RD. ll!1W0n4 ~u4 wllpmt2W4w0 flwpl!Onul 04w- 11[!. Q11wug qnnawampJmQo pwQw4nn. tunuw~gw4w0 l.L q11wttn~ tunu12~
~wq~mpJnL00 m qb11.WI14buU1w4wli ~wll14b~[!: 'lt1L44WOWJ~(j pwrib-
~~ tunuRWJ~(j wnw0ti(iwhwU1~nLPJnL0[! tqWJllwCiw4,n~4wO t (i~w(ig
54 Sb ·" ,,paMMamuKa u HopMa", M .. 1977, t~ 67:
172 173
/1UJ!U /Jfl UJUUJG/JU jhWI/tUtnW[nl/·OfTlifuwO UfTWUgWI/Wf7/J dujmmtl {fT».
llll ZWill! 111WI1Pbllw4Gbpnul, tGWJWO ll(lWOl! Lbqltw4wG-pwnwljwqllw- t'o llb~. pwnw4wqllmpJwG lt hw1114w~bu GnnwljwqllmpJmuGbpn
4wG wnnulnlt n(l~bu l!wnul!WJilG 111lwttnpGb[1 GmjCi l'lllnl'\nLPJnLGCibpG bG, LUnmllntt. GzbGR ~fl. UwpL.nuJwGil nlSpG Jntpwhwlllm4 pwnw4wqllw-
pWJQ npnz I"J.bUU~bfUILll, ljll(lWilWI.jWU WJU ~lUll WjCi nLn(lU1nL1l 4Wjl01'\ bQ 4wli llb4 llpnl'\nLpJmG uu: ,bl'\llliw411 GwltJwunpmpJnLGiibppg llbi.m
111W(lpb(l LllCibL ll(lWCig ntSwljwG, W[1111WhWJili!W4wG b(lwGqCibpo: ljgwljwG pw(lllnLpJmlilib(lll qnpowompJmGG t: ,wlSwfu UwpunujwGil
'\ll~ttw6wJI1Ci pwnbpll utnbl'\61lwG u qnp6wompjwG hllllGwljwG wpllwljnul hWflW'l(lWI.jwG 4wll PW'lhJmuwljwli pW(lllnLPJnLGGbnlllfln-
nLn(llllD qbi'\W(lttbutnwljwu qnwljwGmpJmGG t: UJuUlbl'\ t hbGg, n(l ltJwpbG GwltJw~wtnltmpJntli[! tnpttmo t ljgw4wG pw(ll'}nLpJmGGbpllG.
uzttw6 pwnwzb[11111J wttbLil zwm ntSwljwG bflwGq.wttnpmll u G~w- _ u umbl'\64mll bu pwuwljwqllwljwu Gn(l 4w'l•uiJ.4wpGbp, llGt~bu' funu-
111W4Wil(lnLil mull. !!WG wGttwGni'\W4wG (limlnliwtnlltt): UJU pwnwzb(l- JJnLQflnLJg, JJ/Jpmpl:ipwu, funuJJntd'/JOW!J, l;wtlntl/;wtl, d/if1ntnU1, ful:i!J-
11111 11n2ngntt t, n(l hb'lllGwlj[! hwlSwtu ~wnnqwGmll t wplllwhwJillbL Ifmqpwq, hbfTntU1!JW, /untnmt/Jom, qnzumL/tnlii/Un u wnG: ,wflw!lllfl
nlSwljwG lippbnwGqGb(l, ~wtnljbpwttnp, llll~nt4 llW(lliGbL 1111 ltJnUl![!: pwpqmpJmGGbnllg unttnnwpwp ljgwljwG bG ljwqllttnul WJG qb~l!bpnul,
J"IGt~bu W(lllbfi GzltbL t. ~ntth. Cllpwq[! nt llllwJii unttnnw~wli, bpp WJ'l pWIJ.W'l(lPtGbpllg JnL(lWRWUl.JflL(l[! WUIIlplSwGwpW(l 4npg(imll t
wlihwlllwljwG linpw4wqllmpjntGGbnll hbll.I1Ciw4 t. npnlil! W(lllbG ttw- 1111 pwnwJilG llllwulll[! u llb4 WJL pwnn hwllwq~mpJwllp wplllwhwJIIlntll
1'\nlQ t. llG! llbp qpw4wG Lbqltll pwnw~wzwnll ublflw4wGmpJmGG bG t Gnp 1lllwu111, hwlSwltJ Gwu· ijln11Jwpbpw4wCi pllwu111: Pwnwljwqllw-
llW(lllbL. WJLU utnbll.bbL t pwqllwplllt lll'l~ttw6w4wG pwnbp, npnlil! ljwG WJU lll'lnll.nLPJnLG[! pwttw4wGpG 111W(lw6ttw6 t llbp Lbqltll dn-
hllllliw4wlinul mGbgbL bG llb4wGqwllJw 411PwnmpjmGiibp u qpw4wG IJ.nlt(l'lWtunuw4gwljwG nLn(llllmll u ~WJilwGwttnpttw6 t dnl'\nltpqw4wG
tbqltll pwnw~wzwp tbli wGgbL: ~. tppwqll pwnw4wqllw4wli liwtuw- Lbql{wlllllw6nll.mPJWilp: UJu llwunG q, Uuwlj[! qpmll t. «Pw1J.hJmuw4wli
unpmpJmGGbpllg llb4[! hwlllnt4 wCimCiGbppg u llwuGwttnpw~bu wGll- hwpwqpmpJmGubpllg zwlllb(l[!, liwCiwttwGil bpp liflwCip llpblig pw'lw-
uwGmGGbppg pwjb(l 4wqllbLnL bl'\wGw4G t. n(l[! hwllbllwtnwpw(l Gnp flllll!nbpll llllwuUlGbpp ltbpwnllwllp 1111 Gnp [!GI'}hwGmp 4w11 ijlnltJwpb-
~pnl'\nLPJnLU t hwjbpbGil pwnw4wqllw4wG hwllw4wnqmll: Ujlf wnm- pwljwG 1lllwu111 bli WpiilwhwJLnnLil, hw4ttmll bG r}ti~ll 4gw4wn pw(l-
55
~mt ltb112l1G UlW(lllGbpllli wnwttbL IJIW(lw6ttw6 bQ «1/liL» ljpwttnpw- qmpJndWbpo u WJ'l~lluntt ltbpwbttnul ~b4 pwnl1» :
~wG pllwu111ntt 4wqllttw6 llll~ttw6wpwnbp[!, lllit~bu' UO!]pwO/J/[1/0[, Uw GzwGwljmll t, np ,(1. UwpunujwGp 4bp111w6 hbi1.11Gw4wJI1G
Ue/Jal:iul/l:it, 4m1/Jtnwul/l:if, Loul[pl:itlmpl/l:if, uwpo/[1/0[, 2/JOq/JQI/Of, U- Gnpw4wqllmpjmGGbp[!, npnGg llllllwu[! 'lll~ttwbwJilG pwnbp bG, wG-
unpl:iuwwOI/Of u w~w- hlipwunul/O[, hwpl:itll/l:if, hwuqwpd'w/[1/liL. 4wtu ijln11Jwpbpw4wli 1lllwu111 mGbGWL·tmlibGWLnLQ. wu1111ltSwGwpwp
pwOqwpwOI/Ii[, qwqwql/lit u WJLG: ~WGilll~mll bG Gwu «WUW[» pw· 4wpnl'\ bG ltbpw61tbL hwllw'l(lwljwG pwpqmpjmGGbpll u nLGbliWL llb4
JW4bp111 w6wCigntt ~wqllttw6 llll~ttw6wJilli Gnpw4wqllmpjmGGbp, pwnll wpdbp (llG!~bu' funumLI/IOUJ, lf/Wf7U1/JnLlf/whwup u wnG): 'lll~
pGt~bu' !]WUpOWUW[, 1]0{71//JzwUUJ[, W!JWI/UWUW[, [nLUUWUW[ u WJLG: ijwbwJilG pwnb(l[! LWJG 411Pwnmp;mG mGbG Gwu pwGwttnp-11Jnuw4-
=1(1. UwpunujwG~ qbl'\w(lttbulllw4wG wpllwljmll Ulllbl'\64w6 hb'li1Gw- gw4wt:i Lbqttmll, llwllnLLnLil u hpw~wpw4wtunumpjWG llb2: uzttw6 n-
4wJI1G-wGhwUlw4wG OnpwljwqllmpjmGGbpll ZW(ll!nLil qqwLil bG Gwla Lnl11lllibflnlll qfl~ttw6wJI1G pwnbp(! hwlSwltJ uLnbTtbltmll bG LbqijwljwG
'lll~ltWOWJllG pwnb(l[!: 0'lSW4WG·Wf1UlWhWJ111!W4WG IIlW(lpb(l (i~W CillwGnl'\nLPJWG (wGwLnqllwJil) uljqpmlipntt. pW(lllnLPJWG 4wll w-
LnW4Gbpnlt q(lnl'\[! ljbf11IlbL t' fuwnuwtJ/JUWJ/JU, Uf7WUgWI/Wf7/J, nl/ntp- 6wGgllwG bl'\wGw4ntt. Lbqltll pwnw~wqllwljwG 4wrtw~wpGbpll hw-
jnLU, mtlOntpjntO, ol/pnlf/WPWf7, Owl/p/JWIJ.W, u/Jp/Jp/JWIJ.W, wuwwnw- llwpwGmpJwllp: U}UIIlbiJ.~Q tL 'lll~4wOwJI1Ci pwnbpll llb4 WJL wnwG6-
d/JpWf7Wf7, l/Wf7nLUqJJJpWf7 u WJL pwnwjpG ~WilnLjgGbp: uzbGl! 'lfiWG- Gwhwm14mpjmG uu. np~bu ~wlinG· WJU 2b(1U1ll pwnbp[! ljwqllmpJwllp
gpg llblj-bp4nLU[! pGWQ(lWJllG 4llfiWI1nLPJWG llb2. ~ llllllll -PWilW'l(lJWL bfi, pwqllwllumJp u hi111Gw4w!imll 4wqllttwo bli Lll-
« ... U~wgmgnul t. np llCil![! nmuwljw(i tt. wwf/1wumwuwj/JO Gmll tpljm PWrtW'l(lllt!ibpllg:
tuwnuwafJOwJ/JO t:
UOlf//JUIWU 1/WflnLUqO /Jp qLfu/Jg IJ.nLf7U, 1/wpm.OqwpUJfl gwuqwglit 53
Q. UL.w~. duulwuw~wldlg hwjng tbq4.t'I11WU[)Upwg, b., 1955, t2 169:
tp ntf7/Jl/J mli!JO tltnOiiL ... 175
174
UnOI1Jlll. un~n11w~wCi ql1nLJ9~ oOpwglmul bli ~uw~n11~bL pb;/lum, rnbumpJwo· pnLnJl 11b~pb11mll ll~~LtwowJ~O pwnb11~ wn~wJnLPJnLO[!
uplij';um, 0111f11J./Ium, /;wf1rff;u;n, u7nl;nuwgwtj, mnl;nuwfubqq, fi17i UJf1W- pbpw~wOw~wG, pwnw~wqllw~wQ, ~llwuulWJ~O GnnllwObp~ fuwfu-
gwt/, WIJJ2Ulli1UJt/UJf7d ll~~ti,,JJOWJ~00bl1[!. ~u~ llwllnqnur /;f1pwr1w- lllnLil t, zbllmll, OmJG~u~· utuwL, PWJQ llW «n! pb pOw~w(j 011~0w~w(j
./J/Iw, ftf7UIWfiUJ/Ubrzq, Owhwfiqwg/lmp;mu, t/WJf100nth/J, fiwfuwqwhw- ufuWL t. nno ~wnn11 t ~WJilwOw~nnttwo L~ObL Lbq~w~w(i 0nl11lWJP !~
tll:ipd, rJmwpnp/lft u WJL ll~~~wowJ~O pwnb11. n11nOp un~n11wpw11 llwgmpJwllp, WJL WJil~~u~ (n! tS~zlll ~wll utuwL) lli1Uun11maObno Ow-
ll~zlll ~wU1~b11w~n[1 bO, Wl1ll1WhWJlll~f Uw OmJO~bu Oz~wo pwnw- tuw~bu m(jb(j hWlllnL~ li~WlllW~WilJlnLil, WJU~bu ~n!~WO, «OflWQ·
zbl1lll~ wnUJO~Gwhwlll~mpJm00bl1~9 llb~O t, [!Ulll n11mll, ll~~~wow~ nw~np~wo» pOmJp, WJL ~~1"1~ wuwo· llW ~wlll~bnw~nn, wnlllwhwJ-
J~O un11w~LllqllmpJmOOb11nul hwllbllwlllwpwp w4_bLP pmn t wu4_wfin- lll~! tunup~ ll~ llJlUunpmll t: lTt~n t,wpo~pn~. ll~~l{wowJ~O pwnbno "!
rtw~w0 qn!lOWilnLJp[!, ~w(j Wl1ll1WhWJln!W~Ul0[!, ll~O!Ilbll ~w(jnQw utuwL, n! tL On111lwll1~~ ~11nllnLPJnL00bn bO u n! tL zbll~nLil bO pwnw-
~wu pwrHipnul hw4wnw40 t O~wlln!mll: ~wqllw~wO W~WOilW~wQ op~OW!WtPnLPJnLOObn~g m Lbq~w4w0 Gnp-
Lbq~wpwOw~wO QI1W~w0nLpJw0 llb2 ll~~~wowJ~O pwnb110 llWJ~Q, ~(j!~bu uzmll b(j nnnz Lbq~wpwOObp, WJL ~JlWJl hblll wOhw-
o011hw011w~bu pOn11nz~mll bG Owu wn hwlll~wO~zlibl1n~: UJu~bu· llwtnbrtbL~. n! un~n11w~wO m "! ~bOumOw~ ~w11w~w110bnn~
wJu pwnwzbl1lll~ hwllw11 ~w11un11 u czwlll 11d~w11 O~wlllbL~» hwlll~w ~wqll~wo pWJlllnLPJnL00bl1 b(j' UlllbllO~WO nnut hbll~(jw~~ WJU ~wll WJO
[j~z bQ hw~w11mll 011wOg hwllwdwllw0w~JW-ll1WI1dwllw(iw~JW Obl1- O~WlllW~Will11lWilp: Ujulllbll pwnw~wqllw4w0 nnut zbllmll !~W. pw-
... pw~w0gmllo:56 Uw OzwOw~mll t, n11 ~OwwO q ll~~~WOWJ~(j pwnb- (j~ n11 PWilllnLPJnLO[! ~wtl wowOgmllo 4wqllmll t QI1W~w0 Lbq~mll
Jl[! qnpo bO wo~mll tunu~~ Ul~WL ~wh~O, np[! u OpwOg ~11w~w(j qnp- qn116nrt pwnw~wqllw4w0 ll~2ngOb11n~ m ~w11w~w110brm~. ~w11qw
owompJWO ll~w~ lluli t, WJ0mwllb0WJ0~~. WJU pwnb110 tl~wdwllw· ~bu lll~WL llb~pmll b11~m n! hwllwlllbllbL~ PW11Will1~!0bl1~ hwllwll-
Ow~ u' hwllwdwllwOW~JW (u~OtupnO) bO, li lllWJlwdwtlwliW~JW 11nLil[! ~llwulllwJ~O wnmlln~ wOun~n11 t, 11bnuu n! o011mObL~: UJu~bu·
(ll~wtupnO): UJu bp~w~~mpJmOo JnLI1whwlllm~ t ll~wJO ll~~~w6wJ~0 bpb -mh/1 qnJw4wOw~bl1lll wowOgo zwlll un~n11w~w0 m pOw~wOnO t
pW11bl1~0. nu~ un~npw~wO, ~w(jn(j~~ pwnbl1~(j WJO JnLJlWhWlllnL~ !t. mumg!nth/1, pwfit/nf7nth/1, pdzqmh/1, wzwftbf1ll1nth/1 u OllwO PWI11lnLP-
pwO~ np hwllwdwllwOw~JW u lllwpdwllwOw~JW llnlllbgnlll[! WJU JnL00bl1nLil, w~w ll~ 2WI1J? WJL 11b~pb11mll, ~O!~bu' U100f1blimh/1, utb-
11b~pmll UlJlllbO hwpwpbpw~wO t u ~OpOwlll~~: 'l~~~WOWJ~O pwliti'" mmh/1, t/Wf7/l!nth/1 u WJLO, 011wOp 11b11 wOun~n11 bO, 9~! ~bOumOw~.
11~ WJU JnLJlWhWlll~nLpjnLO[!, np llJlWOp w01l~2W~bu lll~WL ~wh~(j pw(j~ n11 WJUUlbll wn4w t PWI1Wil11~!0bl1~ w0hwllWill1bL~nLPJnL0[!:
tunupWJ~O llJlUunpmll mObQ (n! Lbq~w~wQ), ll~lll~mll t np~bu Opw '-lb112~0 ll1WI'1~0bl1~0 llwuOw~nl'lw~bu nmu Lbq~wpwOmpJwO llb2
llzlllw~wo, pwJg 11bnuu !tlbp~wo, !hl1Jpllwn~wo «pwptlnLpJmOo»: UJu- N~On4ml1. Utl~nO~g~~ u nLI'l~zObl'l) hbll~Ow~wJ~O 0nl'lw4wqllmpJm0-
lllbll~9 tL hb(ig llwuOw~n11w~bu Qll10~mll bO ll~~~WOWJ~O pwnb11~ 0bl'l~ ZWI'lPnLil lllWI'1Pbl1w4~mll bO Owu, WJU~bu ~n!~wo, 1J1nU1blig/lwf
~bnrnllwO wplllwhWJlll!w~wO hOwpw~npmpJmGObno: 'l~~~w6wJ~0 pwobpo: UJu pwnwzbl'llll[!. n11~bu 0nl'lw~wqllmpJm00bl'l~ wnwOli~Q b0-
pwnbp[! ll2ll1W~bu ~w~~wo bO ~nbOg hwllwlllbpulll~O. tunupwzw- pwzbl1lll, lllW11Pbl'lw4~mll bO Owu U. tLnJwO~ «dwllwOw~w~~g hwJbl'lb-
p~O. np[! L O~WUlllnLil t WJil «pwpllmpjWO» tulllwgllw0[! u ~WjllwOw 0~ pwnwJ~O ntSwpwQmpJm0» mumllOwu~l1nLPJW0 llb2:
~np~wo t WJil pwnb11~ ~llwulllWJ~O-pwnw~wqllw~wO wOun~n11 (n! Ubl'l ~wl'lo~pn~. Oz~wo pwnwzbl1lll~ ll1WI'1Pbl1w~mllo ll~~~wow
pOwLrwO) ~wnmg~wopn~· np~bu Lbq~~ pwnw~wqllw~wO ll~w~n11~: J~O pwnbl'1~9 wOhwllnq~! t u !nLO~ Q~lllw4w0 n11ut h~llOw~n11mll: 'lln-
npnzLbq~wpwOObp (U. Q. l~~n~o u mp~zObn) ll~~~w6wJ~0 pw- lllbOgflwL 4n!~WO pwllbl'l[! u' ~11bOg ~wqllmpjwllp, u' Qni10WOnLPJWilp,
nbl1~ L11wppb11w~~! wnwOliOwhwlll~mpJmO bO hwllwpmll 011wGg "! u' llwOw~w011' nliw~wO-WI'llllWhwJlll!w~wO wnnLiln~ m ~~1'1Wilw4w0
OnnllwlllM pOmJPI:!' OzbLn~. pb ~PJl [jz~wo pwnb11o ~wOnOw~wo pw- hwtSwtuw~wOmpJwllp, OmJO ll~~~WOWJ~O pwnbl'10 bO u ~11bOg ~u~ ~b-
nwzbplll~O hw~wrrl1~nLil b(j hbOg Onl11lW~ni1LlW0 WllnLiln~: ~Ulll WJU 1'1WQI1~"1l P"L"I1 hwlll~wO~zObiin~ Mwo bO WJU pwnwzbl1lll~O:
I"'O!~b·u bQ uwhllwO~mll 4wll pOmpWQI'l~mll ~nlllbOg~wL pwnb-
56 Sh'u , rpaMMamuKa U HOpMa", t2 68: 11[!: Uhw lli'1W0g~g llb~-bl'14muo: «'llnlllbOg~wL pwnbl'l[! Lbq~~ WJO
176 12* 177
lilil.uflwtlnp pwnbpQ bQ, npnQ~ 4wJ'lnrt. bCi 4wqlltlbL (mzwrumtpJmu
I'}Wft~OtiC!R. CinLJU~u4 ltwJ'lnl'l. bO lltm CinJ'l 4wqd~bt - L t.) Ltwll QnpllwJ~ uwhllwCiObpnur ll(lwOg llbO llwun ~wpnq t nDilhwCipwCiwL
4wqllLI.bt b.Ci Lbql!~ ~bCiuntCiw~ pwnw4wqllw4wCi 4w'l.w~wf1Cibpntt La Lbqtl~ llb2 La I'}WDDWL hwllWLbqtlwLtwO ~pn~ntpjntO~ .. »:
rtlmL.u ~bu hwugpbtllllllillL L. oOilntCILI.bL tbqLI.~ llb2»: "ln111bCig~wL pwnbpO ~l"lbCig 4wCinCiw4wCimpJwllp L. u~wubt~ntp-
QuUJ '-l~Cin4nt!l~· IJ.lnUJbCig~wL pwnbJ'l[! «llbnL.u qnJnLPJntCi tmCib- 1wdp, wCi2nL21ll, f\J~UUI [!Cil'}q0tlw0 La QWJlllnLCi ntiwltwO wndbg tmObO
gnrt. uwLtwJCi hCiwflwLI.np, 4wqlltlbLnt bCipw4w pwnbp bCi: llb4 WJL tunu,R~ llb2, uwLtwJO ~!1Wtl~liw4wJ~Ci ~whw02nt1 n1iw4w0 W(li'}JntDw-
uwiulwOdwllp (U. Ull~nCi~g4~) IJ.lnUibCig~WL pwno La' WJCi t, ~Cit Ltwpnrt, tlbtnmpjmO u111bq6md bO hwdw~wlllwuf\JwCi hwllwlllb.QulllnLil
t Ltwq~~bL nt huwpw~nfl t, nn Ltwqll~~. L.' pb WJCi, ~UHl 4wqlltlbL t Lbq- (hddtn. ppw;nJwOe. ppw~wui. ppwtunue La wnO), pbh wnwtlbL w40w-
4~ pwnw4wqllmpjw0 ll~2ngn4, uw4wJ0 l'}bnL.u !~ dUJbL Lbqtl~ llb2»:
57
nm t OpwOg wCitlw0nqw4wO wpdbeo:
CwnmOw~bLntl ~1'1 qwlllnrtntPJntOCibpO WJU wn~pntl· U. ttnJWD!J UlllflnlflbLntl ~.qnlllbOg~wL pwnbp~ llwu~D wuttwao· 02bCi9 w0hw-
wttbLwgOmll t. np IJ.lnUibOg~WL pwnbfl~ wn4wJnLpJnLOQ Lbqtl~ pwnw- ll1w4wQ-niSwLtwO La pmO Onpwpw0mpjnt00bpj1 hb111 CipwOg m0bgw6
4wqllw4w0 Ofl~OwtwlflntpJmOObp~ ~flw4w0wgmd0 t. nJ'lnOg Ltwq- hbtnl.aJWL [!Cil'}hWO(lnlpJntCiObp(j ntll1W(1J!b(lnLpjnL00bp[!.
llmpJmOo ptumll t mt!JwL qpw~wO Lbqtl~ pwnwLtwqllwlfwO hwllw- w) ~mO CinnwpwOntpJntOCibn~ OdwCi 4wCinOw4w0. unttnpw4wCi
Ltwpqbp~g La OnpdwJ~Q. WJOntwdbuwJO~tl. WJU 4wpq~ pwnbp[! w0hw- pwobp bO, hwdw~.qwlllwutuwCimll bCi Lbqtlw4wCi OnnllwJ~Ci L. pf\Jntll
mw4w0 Cinpw4wqllntpjm00bp bCi, f\JnU.QWJ~O ~(lnrtnLPJntOCibp, bQ Lbqtl~ hwllwLtwnq~g.
qmOttnul bO Lbqtlw4w0 OnpllwJ~ uwhllwOObpntll, OpwOg ~~~ llwuo 4w- p) tunu.QWJ~Q nt tlbpw(ltnWill'lbL~ Lbqtlw4w0 ll~wttnnCibp bO L.
J'l"l'l t pwlflwCigbL Lbqtl~ pwllWIJ.lW2W(1~ llb2 La l'}wnCiwL Lbqtiw4wCi ~ WJU 111buw4blll~g oOilhwCipwOntd bCi ll~~tlw6wJ~Ci m hbq~Ciw4wJ~O
nnl'l.nLPJntO, WJI'l llbuwntll ~~~WJD OpwO,R I'}WI'}W(lnLil b(j ~nmbOg~WL pwnbp~ hb111. ·
L~£ibLnLQ L. tlbpwOttmll hwllwLbqtlw4wCi pwobp~: q) ~mO OnpwpwOmpJmCiObp~ OdwO tmObCi npn2w4~ hbq~Ow4w
Uw4WJD ~.qnmbOg~WL pwnbp~ llbO llwuo Ltwpnq t !DDilntCitlbL Lbq- J~0 rtf1n21l. ~Ot~bu n(lll~~tlwOwJ~Ci La hbfl.~Ow4wJ~Ci pwnbpo.
tl~ Ltnqll~g L. dCiwL ~pfll.a tunu.QWJ~(j ~J'lnfl.ntpJmCi: rt) UnwtlbLW~bu hw4tlw0 b(i Lbqtl~ PWDWIJ.lW2WI"I llntlll.R qnpOb-
"lnmbOg~WL pwnbJ"'O pmO OnJ'lwpwOntpJntOObJ'l~Q tnwppbpttmll LnL, .QWCi ll~~tlwOwJ~O f.,. hbrt~Ciw4wJ~O pwnbpo:
bQ OwL. OpwOntl, np tlbP2~CiObpu umbfl.Otlmll bO W(l111WLbqtlw4wCi Uhw WJU wnwO~Owhwlll4ntpJntOObpo CizbLntl' llb4 wOqwll hu
qnpOnODbp~ hbtnhwO.Qntl, Onp wnwp4w0bp~. bphnLJpObp~ hwuLtw- 4wpbL~ t hwllnqtlbL. np CiztlwO «~mnbOg~wL pwnbpo» • npi.J.lbu wCihw-
gntpJmCiCibp wCitlwGbLnt Ci~wmw4Wil(lntdntl (hlldm. ppwpl{nuJ, hpp/1- lllw4wO CinnwpwOnLpJmOObp, ~pbCig ~llwutnWJ~Ci, n1iw4w0 hwlll4w-
nwpqnuJ. tn!JwpqnaJ, hbqmqwOwt La wnO) L. ntObO qbpwqwOgw~.qbu 0~2Dbpntl 0mJ£i ll~IJ.ltlw6wJ~£i pwnbpO bCi' 4~f1wnw4w0 lllWflpbp hw-
w0tlwGnfl.W4WCi W(ldb,R: 1iwf\Jw4w0mpjwdp, npnO.Q tL wtlbL~ O~wll1w4whwpl1w(l t wOtlwCibL
«ntutn~ L.,- 2W(1nt0w4mll t LbqtlwpwOn.- ~ppl.a qntm tunuRWJ~O
hwllwlllb.QUillWJ~Ci Ltwll f\Jnugw2Wf1WJ~O Cinpw4wqdmpJm00bp:
~pnrtmpJnLOObp' ~ntnbOg~WL pwnbpo wOunttnp bO ptlntll La wnwttbL
bO hw4ttw0 Lbqtl~ pwnWIJ.lW2W(l~ llb2 lltnCibtm ... ~.qntnbCig~WL pwnb-
J"'D tbq~ pwnw4wqdw4w0 IJ.lntnbOg~WL hOwpwtlnpmpjmOObp~ ~(lW·
4w0wgntll0 m hwumwmmllO bO La ~mnbOg~WL bO WJD.QwGntl, nn·
l'}bnl.au tbO hwugJ'lbL llntlll.Q qnJ"'ObL Lbqtl~ llb2 nL tlbflW(llllWfl(ltlbL, UW·
4wJO L~DbLntl 4w0n0w4w0 LtwqdmpJmDObp L. q111CitlbLntl Lbqttw4w0
JW£i, Ci11w£ig ljwnmg~wOetJ brtwGw~Ob!"O m Ol"~riwtwlflmpJmOObno: hwJLnmll bQ oCJ'lhwrimp wnllwllp, QpwriJ? h~llQw~wQnu.l hwri11bu bQ
qWL~U ~PI"L. hO!Jmriwlflnf\J~wO ljwll thlitJmOwlflntu~wO wrllwmribl":
UJU wnmlln~ pwnwljwqllnLpJmOO ~I" wn21! Q~wLnw~ t 110nul pwgw-
t-rigrinLI"nLJO qni"OwOmpJmri m0bgnf1. ~l!mJpribno h~llriw~wOnul Wl"-
hWJLnbL, pb ~O!~~u~ ~wnmg~wOJ? mO~ I! tJOt PWI'\Wili"P1.0bl"~9 t
llwLnw~wCi pwnbj10 b(i ~wll Wl"llWLn~ hQ!JmCiwlflnf\J~wO aubr.tf Wj1-
~wqll~wO pwno. ~Ot ~llwuLn bO WI"LnWhWJLnmll pwn~ pwrtW'lll~! llw-
llWLn~ LnWflpbnw~Obfl[!, ~OtUJbu' dUJ{Tf}, J}UJ{T, Ulni.U, UUJO, J}UJfJUJJ},
ubp[! I! ~(jg~pup ~llWULnWJPU hwpwpbl"nLPJWllp bli ~Wtijt{WO ll~tljwOg
ljwpd/1fT, ljwuw[, UJfTUJQ, I}UJUI}UJfJ, ~Cit~bu Owl!' PfT(pmp), UIU (UJmu),
hblll I! ~bf12W~bu' nnnOe bQ Ln~WL tbq~p pwnw~wqllw~w(i brtwOw~
Obp[!, I! ~Cit 1_wljlnt{ bO lli"WOIJ hWI"ULnwgOmll tbq~~ pwnw~wzwpo:
Qi; (q/Jp), q/10 (qliu) I! wnri:
~ LnwnpbnmpJmu h~llOw~wo ~l!mJpCibl"~· bn~rmpi'J.w~wo ~
Pwno Lbq~~ tJOeOml"nLJOWpWI" qni"OWO~nrt ~tlWULnWJ~(j h~llOw
unLJ,Obpo qmp~ b[j rijnLpw~wQ ~llWULn~Q I! WI"LnWhWJLnnLll bu LnWI"·
~w(j tl~w~np(j t, 61!~ I! ~llWULn~ tlpwuQmpjnLCI WflLnWhWjLnnfl. hO!JmCI
pbp pOmJp~ (pwnw~wqllw~w(i I! J?bpw~w(iw~wO) ~nO~nbLn hwpwpb-
~wll hO!JmOw~wUJw~gmpJmO, npQ mli~ ~I" pwrt~wgnLQ~l LnWI"flbpo:
pmpjmOObp: l::;p~ll"l"llW~wli 6l!mjp0bi"D pwdwQ~mll bli bp~m f\Jilp~·
~l!p I! ptlwulll~ ll~wuOmpJmli ~wqtlnfl. WJ'l LnWfll"bnn 6unLJpDbp(l b(i
pwnw~wq,IJw~wlll! pwnwhwflwpbfi!!J~wli:
(llnp:pbllw), n11nlig zCinl"htJ~ pwll~ tlb2 Wl"lllWhWJLn~nLU b(i 2112WUJW·
Pwnw~wqllw~wli 6l!mJp0bl"li WJU llwuli~~libl"li bli, npnli9, lll"~b
Lnnrt PI"W4wCimpjWU, WI"LnWetJO wzf\Jwl"h~ b!"ilnLjplibl"[!, ~llnrtmp L"~ pwn~ wpllw111~ ~flW, lin11 pwn bli ~wqllnu.l ~wlllflnf\Jmll bli lll~WL
jnLOUbl"(j m brtbtnLPJnLCIObpo I! llPWOg 11~21! lli"UL.np~nrt ~WUJbpli m pwn~ ~llwuLno: Un ~bfl~ wuwo· bl"~fl"flllW~wli pwnw~wql.lw~wli
hWI"WpbpmpjnLUUbl"[!: 6L.nLJplibpO wOwliglibl"li bu:
I"Cit~bu Q~wLnbL t w~WI'J.. Q.. Ul!w~o. 6l!mJp~ 6L.r:! OJmpw~wOii t. Pwnw~wqllw~wli 6ilnLJplibi"O (wOwliglibp[!), h~llliw~wli ~l!nLJplib
WJU hCI!JnLCI[! ~wtl huuntOwf\Jmtlp[!. nn[! lli"Ullnpmll t ptlwuLn, "l"~li fl~ ~wll pwnwh~llebl"~ hbLn PWI'\Wilfl~btn~. wnwp~wlibp~. bpl!mJpCibp~
~Wil[WO t WJU 4wtl WJU pllwULn[!, ~u4 pn~WOI'J.WljnLpjmOQ WJU ptlwuLnCI I! ~JlnrtnLPJnLiiObp~ LnWI"Pbl" hwpwpbpnLpjmOQbl" bQ QnLJQ LnWL~U:
t, "I" lll"bL t hwuwnw4mpJmOn WJU 4wll wJCI huumo~ 4wtl hOum- UJu~bu' -UJI/DfT wOwlig[!, llfl~btn~ pwnwh~llebl"~ ~pw, gnLJQ t
Owf\JtlptJ llb2, np[! llPUilnll~nu.l t WJr} 61!nt{, wnwOg np~ Ow qnJnLpJnLli tnL- LnWL~U ll~ pwQ m(ibCJwtm hwLn~Wii~z[!, ~lit~bu' Jni.UUJijnp-Jni.JU ntuli-
Op: ~llnLJP[l, n11~bu 6~ I! ~llwuLn~ tlpwuOmpJmO, pwn~ [lllWI"I"WI..nLO~nrt. gnq, qndiwl/nfT - QnLJU mulignq, ptJwljnp- p/JtJ mulignq, ~u~ bpp wumll
pllwuLnWJpli wtlbOwthnJ?p ljwtl Ot{wqwqmJli tl~wt{ni"Q t: blie wOp/ld'- wli 6l!mJpn~ ~wqll~wo pwno wpLnwhWJLnmll t -wt/nfT w-
r lllWI"Pb!lnLPJnLO pWilbl"tJ, n11n0p ljnCJljnblll ~llWUlll bli W!llllW- OwOg~ hw~wnw~ ~llWULn[!, WJU~Iis;!O' np tmli~ WJ'l hwLn~Wri~zo: nL-
hwJlllnlll, 6l!mJpubn~ ptlwuUJO nOr}hwOnLn· t. pwnb110 odlllt{wO bQ Eb- pbllQ -UJI/nfT, -UJli bfl~ll"llllW~w(i pwnw~wqllw~wQ 6umjp0bi"D gmJg bQ
nw4wliw~wli 61!wt{n!"t{W0nLpjWilp, pulj lll!nLJpOb!l[!' nt I! W~w· LnWL~U WllWI"~WCib!"~. ~pbp~ hwpwpbl"nLPJnLOCibp, nLI"bll(i I! ~nwhw
l!LimjpObi"D qmn4 bO tJOIJUnLI"nLJO qni"OwOmpJmOpg, llUJOmtl bO pwnp pwpbpw~wli ~llwuLn mlibO, WJ~bu bO Owl! lljmu pntnl" wOwOgObpo:
tlb2 I! ~wqllmtl D11w tlp tlwuu: l::;p~P"I"IlW~wO 61!mJpObp~ llJnLu f\JnLilpo ClmJO~bu ~l!w~w(i ~
llwulll nLO~ I! QnLJQ t LnWLPU nt pb ~pbpp, WllWI"~WObp~, WJL pwnbp~
LnlUI"Pbl" hwpwpbl"nLpJmOObp I! ~ntt{mll b(i pwnwhwpwpb11w~w0
6L.ntjp0bp: UpwOe. llll~bLn~ pwnbl"tJ ~I"W, thnf\Jmll bli nt pb li11wlig pw-
180
181
nwJ~O ~llwumn. WJL • gbnw~wow~wu ~llwumo: Pwnwhwnwpbnw~wu 'lbtm 'l~utamd unttnnwpwn ll~wQnul t Cif1W hblll 11 tnwt~u II (/I+UJ),
cUmtjpGb(i[! ~ntt!nul bu Gwl.t J!WilWltmtuw~w(j ljwll 2WI"'WhJnLUW~W0 ~01~bu w;q./l+w+UfwO>w;q.liU{W/i. pwp/l+w+ljwtl>pwpbqwtl 11 wnu:
llunLJ90bl'l, awO~ nn OpwOQ WJU ~lllll WJO ~l!nt! tJ'lntJ'lntunul b(j pwn(! UJU wnnLilntt II OwjOwttnno uzttwO 'lb~ebnmll hn'lW~W~ tt. ~Cit~bu
(hntnt!mll, tunuwphnul), np~buq~ QnLJQ lllWO unwug hWI"'WJ!hllnLPJnL- ~wnom.ll bu nllwlia, wn ~WilctW~bu w hn'lw~w~~ huumOwtJlntu-
(i[! WJL pwnbn~. CiwtuW'lWUnLpjWCi WJL WU'lWilribl'l~ hbtn, ~U~ Ciwtuw- ttw6' ll~ lllWI'IWUlbuw~(i t, nf'l[! ctnLI'I~ t ~OaOnLI'InLjO ~bOumOW~nLPJnL
'lWUnLpJWU wfr'lwlllibll~ ~wum ~wll hwllWPbllmPJntCi[! 2WilWhJmuw- (i~g 1£ hWU!lbU t qWL~U /J-nt! t!bi'I2WQnllliWtuW'lWU pwnntt ~wqllttw6'
59
~wCi Wfldb_g mli~ 1£ hLUnLilUWU~I'It!ntll t 2WI'IWhjnLUnLPJWii llb{!:
58 PWI"''lnLPJnL0(ibllnLil:
Uju~bu' bpb DWflUID pwn~ t!I"'W 'lilt! mil t -wqwfi wOw rig(!. wull~
{!W~bu tJ'lntut!nLil t J!WD~ 1£' J!WOWJ~U ~llWUIJI(!, 1£' tunua~llWUWJ~Ij =tustrtul" Punu~u~untrasuu ut"~snet.tr£!
ll.fWIII~wlibtnLPJnLOj!, ll~Cit'lbn CimjO pwn~ t!11w b11p wLi,btwgOmll bCi_g -
-OIIp hnqOw~bl'llll. -/lg, -nt/, -nul hntnt!w~bnm t!bn~wttnnmpJmOlib£1[!, t"Otutbu wn'lbO Ozt!bt t, qnw~wo tbctt!~ pwnw~w 2 w 11 ~
WJu~liao· pwnwhwpwpb11w~wli ~l!mJpribll[!, pwn~llwulll~ tJlntJ'ln- hWilUUlWQilWO b11~nL bi'\WOW~ ~W. WllW2~0[! OlllWI'I tbqm0bi'I~Q ~WUlWI'I
tumpjmli tnbll~ !~ mCibCimll, WJL tJ'lntut!mll t ll~Wjli lllttJWL J!Wil~ Rb· ttw6' 1.& ~WIJIWI'It!nll pwnwJ~O tJlntuwnmpJnL00bf10 bO, ~u~ bl'l~l'l"ll'llf
I"'W~w(iw~w(i ~llwum (hnqCiw~~ p~t!. pwgwnw~wQ, qn116'~w~wO, qi"'W~w(j tbctt!~ pwnw~wqllw~w(j lllWI"'Pbf'l ll~2ng0bll~ zOnllh~t! Onll
libllqnJw~wCi hntnt! 11 WJLii): 4wll' bnp wumll bli_g liu it f}nL, WJUUlbll £ pwnbn~ utnb116'mllO t:
ZWI'l~Wum QnLJQ t lllWL~U IIu nt fi/IL wnwn~wlibn~ ll~2" bi'\W6' hWI"'W- llb11 q11w~wo tbqmQ WJUOil nLO~ pwnw~wqllmpJwO tnba b11w-
J!bllnLPJnLCi (ll~wu~(i t~Cibtm), "Ill! 'li1Ui1nllt!mll t Ci11wlig pwllWJ~(i Wll- Ow~· w6'w0gmll, PWI"''lnLPJnLO 11 hwutwt!mll:
lllWhWJlllnLpJwllp: UJu~Ci_g(i' £ Ol!nLJPI! (zwll~W~(!) gnLJQ t UlWL~U
lizt!w6' b11~m pwub11~ ('lbllwrimlilibll~) hwllwpbnmpJmOn ~wll ~w~o:
Pwnwhwpwpbnw~wO Ol!ntJplibl'l bu hntnttllwli, tunOwnhllwCi pn- UOUl.JBOtut. f"IPr'b~ PUilUl4U~llntraSU'L liNiOB
L"Il t!bll2wt!nllmpJmliribll[!. hn'lbll[!. pntnn zwll~W~libllli m ~w~bll[!:
Pwn~ ~WlLJPWJ~O ~wnmgttwOanul ~PI'II£ wnwOO~O J!WI'\W'll'l~t
U6'w0gmll[! pwnw~wqllw~w(j WjO bi'\WOw~(j t, bnp pwn~o. wn-
hWii'lbU t qwt~U Ciwl£ U/ hn'lW~wum, nl'l[!, bll~OL ~Wil wt!bt~ ~l!mjp llwlJl~(j ~wll pwnwh~lla~O wt!btwlimll bO pw11w~wqllw~w0 lllWI"'Pbl'l
(jbl'l ~I'IWI'I ~w~btntt. ~wqllnLil t linn pwnbn' wpltwtfwq., t/WflfJWQntJO ~lanLJpObn (w6'wOgOtrn) 11 'li'IWOntt ~u~ ~wqllt!mll onn pwnbn. ~O!utbu'
1£ WJLU: nllw(iR U/ hn'lW~W~[! hwllWI"'nLil b(j n11nzw~~ ~llWUUl m(ibgnl'\ mm0-1110wq, mOw;/10, wOUJmO La WJLO: U6'w0gmll[! n11~bu pwnw~wq
pwnw~wqllw~wu Ol!mJp, ~u~ nLn~zlibll[! qlllOmll bQ, nn WJCi bnpbg
llmpJwO hQwqmJO b11w0w~ pwnw~wqllw~w(j llb6' 'lbl'l mO~ llbf1 tbq-
t!~ pwnw~wzwn~ hwnulllwgllwO qnnOntll:
pwnw~wqllw~wu Ol!mJpObll~ pOn11n2 ~llwuUl ~wll OzwOw~mpJmCi 1~
=iWJbllb(i[! hWI'InLUUl t pwqllwp~t! w6'w[ig(jbl'lnt!, nnn09 WllW2W-
Wl'llllWhWJUlnul L. PWI'\W'li'IJWL pwnb11~ ~wqllmll hwO'lbU t qwt~u
Qbt, Olawttnnt!bt bQ tbctt!~ qwnqwgllwO lllWI'IPbf'l tJ'lnLLbl'lnLil, mwppbp
unu~ ~Pill£ ~llwuUlwqmll~ ll~wttnll~! lllWI"'Il:
bllw(iw~(ibllntt:
t"Ot~bu O~wlllbL t ll. UpbllJWli[!, hn'lW~W~[! ~ll"R ~llwulllwqnL£1~
U~w'l. Q.. Ulaw~~ ~wnO~antt. wOwQgQbp~ wow2wgllwO wnw2~0
ll~wttn11 t. n111i odlllt!w6 t h~llliw~w(i Ol!mjpObll(j ~fiWI"' ~wll bll~ll"ll
11 wllbOwh~ll(iw~w(i nlll~(j wnllwUl~ ~llwulll~ llpwqOmllO t, b11p tbq-
'lW~w(i pwnw~wqllw~w(i ~l!mJplibn~ hblll ll~wttnnbtm hwm~mpJwllp
t!~ qwnqwgllw(j [!lipwgamll nnnz Wf'lllWUlObn. nnnlig~g ~wqllttwO
La hwOqbu t qwt~u [!O'lhWlillw~bu PWI'lwOwjlint! u~uttn11 Ol.&nLJp~g w-
ow{!' ~w~btnt! 'lW ll~ WJL Ol!mJp~ hblll, ~(i!~bu' llwpf}wulip, wpltw- PWI"''lnLPJnLOObno zwnml:iw~mll bO llliwt tbctt!~ llb{!, WllW2 b(j pbnmll
tfwa, Wf1111Wh/Jpp 1.& WJLO, ~wll' /1-ntt t!bi'I{!WQnll pwnwOI.&nLJP~ hw2n11- w6'wQg~ q~1.11w~gmd: 'LzbOs db~·trn~m on~Ow~. hwJbl'lbO ap/lnfi!J
182 183
pwno ~wqll!lwO t bfl~nL pwqWFJfl~J.fibfl~g. n11nfig~g Jnlf1WJ2Wfi!JnLflfi r Jlbllj, Ciz4,w6 l.iJ6wfigutJfl[l UUlbrt64.bL bu JlbnL.u 5-6 fl'll'l-Wfltr.n~(i
mO~ ~O»finLflnLJfi fiJmpw~wO ~llwu111' Of1,h Ozwuw~nul t /1;/tlwO lA hmfiwpwfi f\lljjlngji (llwi.{f'lp UGhwrt~) ubn~wJwgmg~iGbr!l ~n'l.GtJg:
n{1f]. n{11J/1, nLUIJJ~ ~ 0{1/1n{1f] Owfuwl.llbU uzw[iw~bL t /l;fuw0/1 nf1f]fr. UJU 2fl2WUnL6. bu Ulilbrt6l!bL uwL. hwjbpbOp 2nlf12 23 GwtuuJOLUGgGbr:
=!hl.liWQWJnul w;u PW'1Wr;.f1~l0 ljnpgflbL t ~p fi;ntJ:iW4wfi ~llWUIII[! lA hb- (UJIJI, U/{1111, Q/ifl, !Jhp, blip, hwq, tfwq, hmJ, UUii1f7, UlfJUif}, t/bp L. WJLU\:
nwgbL WJfl uzwfiw~nLpJmu~g L. !lbf1w6!lbL un!lnflw~wu w6w0g~. ~0! Lzbup GwL., nr ll~GtL. hnLfiw4wCi 'llllflng~ hflWLllwrw~ qww hwJng t b ·
l.llbu' UUJJ[nfl'l), hwrfwfunf1tJ, htnnbnf1fJ, tnrznf1fJ L. wnO: 4wll' -wt/n{l w- qmG pwg~ dtumw4wOObrt~g nLflP2 liwtuw6w0glibp t.~ mObgr:: fl~:
6w{jg[! Oz~wljmll t ll~ pwO mubgn11, wnw2wgbL t pnf1 Wl'lllWIII~g. n- tumllp WOWUQUbfl WOW2W~::I b[J t11~nL W6Wfig(jtJ!l~ !l~1Ug11cill1-;1, ~1f'•r
fll:! UnLJCi ~llwum(i t mubgbL. ~UJ. nr. WJU0114W p/if1 WflUW!Il[! pbf1b[, flpwi.i.~ uUlwfinul bu linfl ~tlwuu, L. ullpnGt.J.mtl ~ppL. tltl{ w6·uu~, (::·t!
pbf1e L. OllwO pwnbflntll, ~u~ w-Ci hnflw~Wlll t: =lblllwqwjmll hwllw- w6wCigo (1/wful;ntn, 11/Wf10b0/;nlf1 L. wnO) wnw2wgbL t mft L nm ,u
lliWt.nwutuwfl h£lumCiwlf1ntumpJWU hbtnLwfi,Qn!l (p>t/, pnf1>t/np u lfwtJgOllfl/1 llftwgflu.l/Jg, wft/1 wOwOgo · (m!JI]W{fft. tlwuuwlt/1. pbp!ii1J
WJLO) 0wf'unf1F} llubfl~Q WDW2WQbL t -Wt/n{1 w6w0g[! (qj10t/n{1, [nLUW- 1;/1) w{j L. /1 w6wugubrmq, wfiwl{ w6wfJg(! (qu~wGw~. tlf19t.iJUtu~
t/n{1, qm0wt/nf7 u wnfi): l.sllwO b'lwuw~n!l b(i wnw2wgbL Ciwu hwJbl'lb- 2f12w0w4 L. waor wfi L. wq wowfigutrmq: =twJbrbup wawugubrt' w-
(j~ ·UJ{1UJ{1, -UJpfJ, -pUJf1, -n{1/J0 (-n{lbO wow0g(i WllW2WQbL t O{lbO,p nw?wgllwu lljnLU tU'1PJnlfl0 ~bi1W~WUW~WU aL.nqpubpJ b{j" qpwpuJi~h
pwn~g hbtnwqw hfi!JmOwttJnlumpJwllp) L.ll~ 2Wfl.P WJL wOwugubn: hnLnilw~wu L. tunfiwflhllwO, flbf1pWJw4wG OL.tro. hnqGwLtrir Lu.~~
U6w(igfibf1 b(i WllW2Wfimll uwL. hnLnll~ pllWUlll~ llpwqfimlln~t. tlmpJwG llwllur~Obfl[! L. WJLO: UJUllJbu· qrwpwrJwG a
hn:;G:JJI.!I::'l~:-.
bflp hnLn!lw~wG !ll::if12WltmpJnLU(! q~t.nw~g!lmll t ~PilL. w<'Jwfig: nL- llwu0~4r! UJflFJ~ hwJ:..rbfimtl qtJtnwLtgtlmtl t ppnL. w6v.HJQ. !'tG~u.;bc;
zwql1w40 WJO t. n11 WJUOfl tL llb11 Lbq!lnul ubnw~wO hnLn!lnq flf14W6 q/Jf1p, hwljp, ljwqp, hWJf1bO/Jp L. lllJLO:
QnJW~WO[) hw!Sw!lJ WfllllWhW)tnnLil t w<'Jw~w(j~ ~llWUlll, ~OJ.I.llbU' ~uwJw6 w0wugfibj1~ ttJnfuwnmjdJmO(! tbq4 1 t :.1b2 hwq,~wr)tw.;
pf1n0q/1 w{1dw0, ewf7/1 fJWf1, Ll/nfJLI/UJUI/1 l;wt.fe u Cillwu WfllllWhWJ- trL.mjp t. WJUmwtlbGWJU~L\. hwjbpbGmu 4w0 waw(igfib[l. nrr:Op t liq.
lllnLpJmfiObflO m(ib(j pf1n0QJUJ, RUJf1b, Ll/flfJLI/UJtnb hwf1wpbf1w~w(i w- 4~ llb2 l:;(j wugbL tt~ntuwnJWl J!Wnbrll ~wqtlnul: qflWpl'!flJWU ZI12W.1pg
Ow~w00bl1~ ~llWUIII: unLjO bqwfiw4n!l UJf]/1 hwg, P/1/1 /;b{1UJ/;nL{1 Wfl- hWJbl1b0mll qnf16w6w~w(i bu lljWI1U~b(1bGpg LJlntuwaJWt ··mh/1 L. 11-d
UlWhWjlllnLPJnL0fibl1~ llb2 /1 OL.ntJP[! w6w(ig t, n11u WllW2WQbL t ubnw- w6w(ig0b(11J, pu~ nmubpbO~g L. 011w tljl2ngn4. -frqd, -/l!Jlf!, -fuu, -
~w(i~ -/1 !lbf12W4nf1ntp]ntfi~g: umjCi b11w0w~n!l QflWPWfl~ hwqjlt/, (w)g/1w w6wligGbl1[!, n11n(ig ll~2ngm{ hbUlwqwJmO Ljwqth.fbl uO hi.u!fj
/uUUI/11/ pwnb11~ qnf16~w~w0~ -/11/ !lbfl2Wlln11nLPJnLO[! FJ~lll!lnLil t 11bO~ pwqllwfl~ll pwnt11:
~pflu llw~pwJw~bl'llll w6wGg, -m !lb112wltn11mPJnLO[! whm, PQf1nl pw-
Dbllmll qnJw~wOw~bflUl w6w0g t, mg ltb112WilnflnLPJnLU(! llw~J!WJW
~bi1Ul w6wlig t (l/1nef1mg, tjwrzmg, tlwOI;mg u wnu): U<'JwugObfl~ w-
nw2wgllwO hw2n11fl b11wOw~[! WflllWlll0bl1~ hO!JmOwttJnf'umpjmOu t: U6wfigfili110 Ciwlu LA wnwp 1fwuwljWf1Gttnul bO ouu1 hnbug pw~ H·
=lwjbflbO~ -nUl w0w0g0 WllW2W9bL t hnUI pwn~g hwllWI.liWUlWUtuwO ~wqllw~wu qnramubm~JwO, wJupOpO' [!LII.ll WJU hwOqwl.lt:JGQll. r'~'
hO!JmOwttJnJ'umpjwllp (h-~ wu~mll), -UJtn ltb112W6w0g[!' hUJUI (hw- np!!wfin!l bu G[1w0p llwuGw~gnul wpflr qrtwywu hwJI::ipl1li~ p~.umt·
UIWObt) w111lwlll~g ~UJ.I.llbu' Ll/nfUJUI OzwOw~nul t Ll/fllO hwUiwa, ~wq_llm~JWU qnrO(!Uf}Wg~O:
eOwUI>eOwhwUI>emOo hwUiwfi. Qt/tlwUibt>Qt/uwhwUibt>QJnt/tlo Cutn Ozqw6 hwtn~wfi~2fibn~' wcrwOgObp[! ~wdwCnJ.ntu bu bp4m
/;U1{1D[ u wnO: l.sllwO b'1W0w~n!l b(i WllW2WQbL Owll hwjbflbO~ UJ{1UI, lullp~· ~buumCiu1~ L. n1 l~buumOw~ (wGljbuumOw4) ljt:.tr LV'r:sme ;_,
Obf1 Owfuw6wOgObrp· UJf1UIUJ#ftO, Obf7e/10 pwnb11~ hwllwUJ~Ulwu n,t qnf10nL0 (wljtn~tl h lljwu~q):
tuwu hO!JmOwttJntunLpJwllp, ~Otl.llbu O~wtnbL t Q. UL.w~o· «0z4wb ~bOumuw~ bO WJU w6wGgGbfl[), npnfil? w~b~p cp1i1cmu t.huuo~~·:_
pwnb11~9 WflhbuUJw~w(i ~bfllJ.Inlf n11n2 hO!JmOGbfl hb110bLnL, ~tnflbLnL gm~JnLO mObO wowugtlwOo L. pUwljwOtuptU[I Gnr P'JJI!Up~ U\.r:bn:jt~!:>
ll~2ngnt!»: G[!: dua'iwGwljw~~g hw]tpbGp w6w!ir:1£il.ipl·, c):;ruj!lzim •!wJr] (!· f1LJ
184 I'-~
ruwowGgGbp[!, u· ~bp2wOwGgGbjl[!) h~llOUi4wGnul ~bGumGw~ t, ~G! uarztlftt/, nliqwi.Jiwl.ll/11;, pwqtlwi.Jiwmftt; u wnG):
~bu • -wO, -qbp, -hwq, -hwtl, -libp, -JWii, -wqw!i, -mpjmli, -m- dwllwGw~w~tJg hwJbpbGtJ pwJw~wG wbwGglibf'l[! hptHiw4wOnuJ
h/1, -npbli, -pwp, -npf} ll wnO: llp2wOwGgGbp bG (~wll' GbpwOwGgGbp): 'lpwGp b(i' wO, bli, [, li unu-
UO~tiOunL(h.u4 (n! q.bpOmu) bQ wJG wOwGgubp[!, npnG.e t.bqlj,~ ~wOwGgul::ip[! (hwqliliw[, tqwpobliwf, qwptlwtiwj, qmu/i[, t11.110/i[, ifiwlu-
qwpq.wgllwG dwllwGw~w~~g ljlmt.nul tbG uwuGw~gmll ~wll hwq~w Jii[, pnJ/i[, u WJLG), wgli, bgli, gli ~wtn!Swnw~wG wOwGgGbp[! (juwrzwg-
'lb~ bO llwuGw~gmll Gnp pwnbp~ ~bptnllwGo: UG~bGumGw~ wOwGg- lili[, pwpqwglili[, I.JIW{IIiglili[, pnglili[, t/1wfugliliL), UJI/7, nm, 117 pwqllw-
Gbp~g bG' !Jd (1Jdpwjull1, 1Jdqnh), -wz (tlwuuzwJ, pptfwl), WU/ (wi.JIIi- ~wtn~w~w(j wOwGgGbp[! (/;Ul{IWI.Illi[, gw1.11/;n1.11/i[, /tl.llfll.llb[ u t/ ~pw4.!1-
1-:wf.Jw, WUjWpwfuUJ, WtJ.itiLJ), -b_p (O;wlil}flliR, ppof1hlilip), -uw (w- pw~wu wOwGgo (llU/Wfit/liL, q.wliq.wmt/li[, hwq.lit.fbJ), npnGp pnt.nrO tl
t/li1.17JJW, wnhwtfwu;vw), -m.li/1 (olipmli/1, u;lipmlift, wpemlift), -mliJ qnpOmG bG:
(wOu;bpmliJ, wOI1,7mti,!) I.. wnG: npnz wOw!igGbp hwG11bu bG qwtnu llb4~g w~bLP tunupp llwuhrr
1w2nP'l 11wuw~wpqmllo Ol&wpw0w4w0 hwtn~wG~zG t. WJ- ~wqllmpjwG llb2: 'lpwG.e hpllGw~wGmll t.!lGmll bG llpwdwllwGw~ qn-
upG_eG, pb tntl!WL wOwGgn~ pG! tunup~ llwubp bG ~wqll~mll: Cutn JW~wGw~bptn, wOw~wGw~bptn m llw~pwjw~bptn: qnJw4wG nL w0w-
WJ'lll' GpwG.e pwdwG~mll bG ~nJw~wOw~brun, w0w4w0w4bfltn, 4w0 bG ~wqllmll hbtnuJWL wOwGgGbpo· -UJ6n ·JWt/1won, I.JIWhwon, hw-
llw4pwJw4brun, llwuwllp patw4wGw4bpUl 1.& pwJw4wqllw4wO w- liwon u ppwon, Ullirzwon, lftliwon, -wit· qlil}wq, linliwl; u qftmwq, lili{I-
IJWlliwq, -wli · ftlfuwli, t/1wl;wli, jupwli u IJnL{IIi/;wli, lfrzffrzwli, -wgft' ew-
6wGg0bp~:
qnJw4w0w4bf1Ul bG WJG wOwGgGbp[!, npnG_e, 'lfl~bLn~ tnwppbp rzwewgft, Q}nLf]Wgft, /ipuwfig/7 u flfiWtfwgft, l.llWOWgft, pwnwgft, -/1' O/J-
{IWfi/1, hwj/i[fl, ntfi/i[fl U /ipp/itJfi/7, pnfi/1, -ftJ' /;Ulfi/1J, Ufi/1J, UWt/1{1/11 U
hpllpbpp ~flW, 4wqllmll bG qn)w~wGGbp:
htlw;/71, pm dftJ, qntfwgmgftJ, -n{IIJ · tfwpnfiiJ, UWJL npiJ u liwfunpiJ, hw-
qnJw~wGw~bptn wOwGgGbpo hpliGw~wGmll ~bf12WOwGgGbpG
pnpiJ, -nLJ'[Jfi/;W[ nLJ, 1.11/iUnLJ u Ufll.llWOnLJ, t/WJ/i[nLJ, -nLfi. t/1WJ[ ntfi, hw-
bG, pG!~bu' -UJL/1/J, -bL/1/J (juwrzwLftJJ, [JtlU/IiLftJJ), -wliwq (dwtlwliwq,
UnLfi u unrzmli, gnrzmli u WJLG, -mum· WI.JiflnLUUI, hwqnwm (qnJ.) L. Wfl-
gmgwliwq), -wlip (ftlmwtlpwlie, hwpqwlie}, -Wfi/J (qnpowpe, JnL-
l.llWJlnLUI./1, lilipenw1.11 (tlwqpw;). UOw~wGGbp u llwljpwJGbp bG ~wq
owp2), -/11! (ftlirzofte, JWfi/1R}, -mh/1 (l.llflflnLh/1, nwwlinrzmh/1), -I.Jiwli
llmll' -wlt/1 · liqwqft, npnJW/;/1, qnrztlliwqft (wO.) L. plipiAw/;/1. hwffwfuw-
(nLfll.llWU/Wfi, dftwi.Jiwli) u wnG: 1;/1, hwliqwpow/;/1 (tlwqpw;), -ftli · 1Jdtfwpftli, IJJnLflftli, tlpftli (wOw~wO) L.
U6w4w0w4bf1Ul bG wJG wOwGgGbp[!, npnG_e, 'lfl~bLn~ tnwppbp
mw/;wt/ftli, ftlieliftli, wtlliliuftli (llw~pwJ), -ftt/' Lflftt/, lf21.11/1t/, tllirztlftt/ (w-
hpllpbpp ~flW, ~wqllmll bG wOw~wGGbp: 'lpwG.e L.' GwtuwOwGgGbp
Ow~wG, llw~pwJ), wnpftt/.llinphftt/(4w~) u WJLO:
bG, li ~bf12WOwGgGbp, pG!~bu· !Jd (IJdqnh, 1Jdpwju1.11}, UJU/ (wi.JI/iflpUJ- UOwGgObp[! tullpw~np~mll bO Owu [!Utn 'lPflP~. WJupGpO' pw-
Iiftl;, WI.JIWPUJ/UI.Il}, 117 (1.11qlim, l.llUUJflfJ/1), -UJL/1, -liL/1 (hftwliUJL/1, qtlw;[/i- nwpllwtnp ~wll hpllp~ G~wtnllwllp qpw~wO tnblln~. WJG pwGn4.. pb
J/1), -/111 (hwtfwmwpfttl, tlmlipfttl), -nm (dwliqnm, fuwlil}nm), -t/bll7 (u/1- OpwG.e pwnwhpllpp np llwupG bG ~g~mll: Cutn WJ'lll LP£imll b(j' Gw-
qwtflim, owrzqwt/lil.ll}, -L/1/t (PfuL/1/t, qwp~/1/t), -1/m.fi (hfttlwpwt/mli, tuwOwGgGbp, albfl2W0wGgGbp, ll~2wbwGgGbp (GbpwOwGgGbp):
/;Jnpwt/mli) u wnG: 1Jwtuw6wGgGbf'l[! LPGmll bG 'lflW~wG, hwutnwtnwtnw~wG (pu~
la~w4w0 wGmGGbp~g 'lWUW~WG p~w~wGGbp bG 4wqli~mll -{ln{IIJ, ~bu' UJiiiJfl, wpm, pwq, pwg, q.bp, IJbfl, bOp, [JfliJ, pbfl, hwq, hwtl,
-bpnpfJ wOwGgGbpn~ (lipqpnfiiJ, lippnf11J, hftliqbpnf11J, hwqwplipnpfJ), tlwq, liwfu, libp, Ul.llnfl, t/bp, UlfiUJtl u WJLG) u dfutnw~wG (wO, UII.JI,
~u~ pwztuw4wG u 4ntnnpw~wJpG p~w~wGGbp' -wqwli wOwGgn~. !Jd, 1.11, J}, npnOp "l dtutnw~wG, 'lPW~wG wOwGgGbppg tnwppbflttnul
pG!~bu' bpqmwqwli, l.llUJuwqwli, bpqm bppnfiiJWqwli u WJLG: bG n1 llpwJG ppbGg GzwGw~mpjwllp, wnu Owqmllnt! u ~wtnllw~wu
Uw4J!WJW4bf1Ul bG WJG wOwGgGbp[!, npnG_e, 'lfl~bt.n~ tnwppbfl tnwppbp hwGqwllwG_eGbpn~. upwG.e w~bL~ zmtn bG utnbi'\OtlbL L. qw-
h~tl_ebpp ~flW, 4wqllmll bO llw~pwJGbp: 'lpwGp bG' -pwp, -I.JibU, -n- LPU bG GwfuwqpwpwpjwG 2f12WGpg: '-lbf12W0wGgGbp[! 'lrtlmll bu wp-
pbli, -q.ftli, -nl/ftli, -ftt/, -I.JIWII7/1/t (tlftwuliwpwp, WI.JIOflftliwpwp, tlnmw- llwtnp ~bf12nLil u Gnp pwnbp bG ~wqllmll: Untnw~nr hwzttmllubpml
t/n{IWI.JIOU, pbptlnplili, qwpn1.11wqj11i, hfttllint/ftli, l;wtlnt/ftli, juumftt/, hwjng t.bq~mll ~bf12W0wGgGbp[! hwuGmll b(j znLf12 900-p, npn(jg h~tl-
186 1~7
mO~ II'IGI'J.jl, qn116~9f1 Cizwliw4mp;mu (!JLUflpfJng, tltu1110ng, wftOng,
0w4w0 llWU[! QllWPW!lJWO dwnwGqmpjnLU t, ~u4 n11nz w6w0g0b!l hJnWOng) u hnq0w4r ubnw4wCip OzwOw4mpJwlip (hw}ng, o.l.wJng,
PWilPWilWJ~u 4wll dn'l.nt.lllllWtunuw~gw4wG 6wqnul nLGb!i: QJfll/liQfl{lUng), -wliw"' qn!lOnll.nLPJWU W!li'}JnLOP.~. hl:iLn!.tWOS:?~ uzw-
1wJb!lbG~ ~b(12W6wGgGbp~g bu' -pwli, PUJfl, q.ftli, q.np6, UJ", w- Gw4mpjwllp (hwrzpwOwft, tJngwOwq) t, -wfhuq · ljhflUI OtlwOmjOljwG
"wli, w"ft, UIJ/Ili, wli, wlip, wling, wlip, utUJii, wt/np, 1/bm, wt/11111, UJ- GzwOw4mpJwtlp (?brzpwliwlj, RflfJUJUtJ.J/t) 1.t UIJLI.i:
1/mli, wm, wpwli, UJflp, brz, l:ifJI:ili, bli/1, wg/7, l:igft, wgm, gm, blip, =tmlwt:i~z wowugObnn h£i!Jnt.Owl1w0 4uJqtlml ~11WI1~9 lllwnpb 11 ,
wlip, /lli, /1, bum "' wnu: ~llWUIIln4 Onlj(i 4wll tlnlll wowugOhflO bu: UJUl!4tiU• -pwp, ·utliu, -npl:iu
1wJb!lbO~ ll~2w6wugub11[! h~llGw4wumll pwJw4wu w6wugubpG w6wugub110 m(ibfi 1.lj1L.fimJO ~l!r OzwGw4mf'l'}mGo {hWf1UtQtut.nwpw,? _
bfi, nnnug ll(ltlnul b(j PWJWh~llg~ "' Llb!12WLtn;mLpjwG 11~21.&: t').pwOg hW{lWQWtnWUjliU - hW{llUQWI.nfl(7bfi), -ftq, -Wq,
-mft w6wug0bp[!.
IJ(j' li, [, wli, /iii, UJgli, l:igli, gli, 1/, 111, lUUl, "nl/1 !.t WJLU: tflnpnwgmgfl!, Lt~W'l.LUP2W4wfi Ozw0w4mpjm0 (U/lflnLli/lft, wrzpOwft,
U6wugGbp[! tullpwLtnpLtnul bu OwL. [!UIIl ~pbCig ~llwulllWJ~O. Wflpmq}, -wpwO, -umwo, -wOng, -ng, -mm w6wugubnn· lllb'l.~ uzw-
~!.tw~llWUIIlWJ~(j hwlllljwO~zOb!l~: Ow4mpJmO (J.uw{lwli, =iwjwumwO, h/11/wliqwling, !Jutflng, 2wtlpmw)
J'lllwulllwJ~G wonu1n~ !.t uzwGw4nLPJWil!1 w6wugQbp[! pwqllw-
-/1!, -nfJ, -np!J., ·UfUJO, -wpwp, -t/n{J w6t.IJ0g0b!l[! • d~ pwu wOnq~. ~w
pnLtwOf1.W4 bu: upwu9 WlllllwhwJIIlmll bu lllbr]., ~Ci!tqbu' -wling, - lllwpnq~ OzwOw~nLpJmQ (!:iflq/11, nwwtinrz, npunfl!J, WJQiiUfwO, qn{l-
ng, ·UJ(IUJii, ·UU!UIIi (hjnL(IWling, tl/:irzljwling, /UW{lWli, lilipWflWli, WjQ/:iU- UWflUJfl, pwliljnfl}, -WJ/tli, -wllwO' tf.bflt.!.!pb!lw~wO, hw~n~wgw~wo
tnUJ{i, tl/:iliwutnwli, ~WJWUtnWli), qn116n'l.nLf}jWU 4WIIlW!11lWO ~!.t, ~0! uzwliw~mpJmG (tnOwJ/10, tnlitnlwwqwli, mOwqwO) !.t wnu: =tw~wO~z
~bu' ptufl, utl:iu, npl:ili, nl//lli, ftli (pwfll:ipwjuwwpwfl, 1/lwnwt/nflWIJII:iu, w6wugubll[! hw4wll~ll ~llwutn b£i wpt.nwhwJillnul, ~ligqbu' -wqnp-v.
hnql:ipwlin{llili, hWIJirfliutn{lbli, t/lnt//lli. "wtlnt//lli. mdqftli), Ciqwqw- ll~ pwu mObgnq~· qm0wljnf1, utnfWt/ilJI, flU~ -wuuwtuw6wugn !.t -wm
~wu, lftWr],WJl2W~WCi ~11WUIIl, ~U!U~bu' Ul", nL", "" (Unljw", triwft, Llbn2w6wugv.' hw4wllflll' !nLObgn'l.Jl ~llwuU1· qmliwljnp - w0q.m1o,
1/lnjliwft, wrzpliwft, tlwlift/1", pwpftft, "wpwlj/lft, qwnlimft. dwqm", 6/:i- qmtiwtn, Ufnjwtfnp- Wli£11nj- t!jnjwm uwnu:
flnLft, rflirirzm") !.t WJLO, npw4w~wG, (dwllwOw4wJ~O lllW!1W6w4wCi
qwGwqwO hW!lWPb!lnLf}JnL00b!l' -b, -)UJ, -wftwli, ·JUJli (I/1WJ111/:i, tlw{l-
tlWflJW, dtll:inwJftli, hJmuftuwJftli, QJnLIJW"wli, nwwlinrzwftwli, li{lb.wli-
JWli !.t WJLCi), ll~ pwO wGnr].~. qpwr].l{nr].~ ~llwu111· -UJfiUJfl, -(IUJfl (QJnL-
117Wf1Wfl, lil:i{lftWflWfl, lin{lW{lW(l, hWjtnW{lWfl), hwl{WJlW~W(i Q.nJW~Wfi PwllllnLPJnLfi[! pwruu~wqtlmpJWO LUJO bqwliwi.JG t, bnp b!14nt
(jb!l' -blip, -wlip, -nlip (8/IQflWlililip, o./.WflfJWliwlip, tlli{lnlip, /ZJOw- 4wll wLtbL~ h~tluw4wu olr.mJpCibllfl (u.JntlwmGbn~) 4wll wnwoo~o.
tlnlip), ltbpwgw~w(i q.nJw~wOOb!l' nLfJJnLli, nul (tll:ilimpJmli, tWt/mp- ~O_e(impnLJO ptunbllt'l !lpwgm!lntf I.Jgnulml 4wil hwnu.ll'}llnLf)JWilp, Onn
JmO, pwpmpjmli, nnnqmtl, wnb.wliqmtl !.t WJLCi), ~q.w~w(i ub11 QnLJQ pwnbn bO I.Jwqtl4nut
111lln'l wOllbp' -mh/1 {tn/lpmh/1, nwwOnrzmh/1, pd2ftmh/l) !.t wnu: Cu111 PWf11lnLPJWu PW'l.WilPJl!Ob!lfl ll~llJwlig 04w1111lwllp m0bgw6
l"p11!.t ~!.t~ !.t ~llwu111~ ll~wuGnLpJmO 4wqlln11. Lbq4w4w0 ll~wLtn110b11 hwpwpbpwljgmpJwli u G11wOg zwpwhjmuwi.JwO 4wutw~gmpJwo·
(~!.tnLJpOb!l)' w6wug0b!l[! n11nzw4~ ~!.tWJ~Ci !.t ~llwulllWJ~Ci 4wU~bll bu PWilf1.ntPJnt00b!liJ pwdw(it!mll l:iG b(li.Jm fullp~ · tf.bf1Lml7w~w(j lt IHu--
llw'l(lW~wO:
f1.11U!.tn!lmll ll~llJWOg Ci4w1111lwllp, mu111~ !.t pwnWJ~Ci ll~wLtn!lOb!l~
fJtlwCi G11wug !.tu pwctwuttmll bu [!UIIl ~!.tw~llwulllwJ~O hwlll4wO~zCib
o.!bPLntOU~Ull PUP'lmlaSOH.iLbr, LPULB St;UU~llbPC
~~ !.t t~Omll bu hwllwCimu, hnllwu~z !.t hw4wCi~z w6wGgub11:
=iwtlUJOnt.O w6wCig0b!l[! h01JmOw4wCi 4wqllntl fimJO, ~llwulllntl ~IJ(ltntlJW~W(j b(i hLU!lU.J!14_ntll I.UJ(i Pl.!.!llr}nt~jntCilili!l[!, nnnug pw-
lllW!lPbll w6wugub11G bu: UJuU~bu' -wlift w6wCig[! W!llllWhwJIIlmll t ll~ 'l.WilllP!fibll[J hwu11bu IJ(! 1.1'-ULil'-! wOljUJI'jU.lU.Pllr, !{!1ptnuhu4wO bll.UJ0LU-
pwu mCibgn11.~ CizwOw4mpJmCi' tliQljwOft, q/:irzwli/1 !.t mCi~ Owl& hnquw- ljntl. mCibr tlbW ,-!~~-''W~nn 'Jwrn•Jthfi zbzt.i• b q.l-;!r!·_,_,~!gtln~o l:iG ~pflL. plu-
4~~. hwLtwew4wO~ ~llwu111' Owtlwftwlift, tnl:iuw"wli/1, -ng w6wCigCi
1K9
188
llWJ~O llb~ ll~wLtnn. ~Ot~bu' tnbuwft-tnbuwft, tnjum(l-tn(ltnnul, qbu-
fJbO, qfr;bp-gb(lbft, PnLJf tnUJ[, hwOlJhU QUJ[, juwq nL UfUJfl, UJD u tnnt(l
lL WJtO: 4.tr.Lm6w~w(i f!WJl'lnLPJmOubnn L~Omll bO bnbg ~buw~·
~n~Owttnrr. hwnw'lnw4wO i.t PWI'l.hJmuw~wo PWJl'lnLPJm0ubn:
60
60
61
Sb'u u. UmpflwuJwli, uztt. w2tu. tp 232: 6
~ St'u U. UWflQWflJWU, uztt.w2tu .. tp 84:
Ut. Uwpqwf1Jwli, fizq.wztu .. tp 65: ·
190 191
q.) I"Lhuutnn4 <UilG!wlJ~g pumb11tJ h1!.1(1U.JflflnL~JtUtlp. mndi m tnbtj,
Gb[1 tl~ olillhwGm[1 (i2w0w4mpjwtlp La 4n!LI.mtl b(i qmqW'lllW~w(i pw-
qwpq. m L;wuo{i, WI] m hwg, wqq m pwfililiwd. qb!ip m qpwh, Olitn m w-
JI::ir. pO~~tm' pnObt-Pbf!/if, !i[O!it-ltwliqObf, mtnliL-fuilllt La wnfi: _rzlif/ L. wn0:
63
q) PWflllnLPJm0Gb[1, n11n(ip 4wqtl4w6 bO wGn11n2 llbllPWJ~g La UnLI.npwpwfi nf1Ufbu PWflhjmuw4w(i PWflflnLPJW!i pwrtWI'Jf'l~!Gbp
UIU/f PWJ~Q La ll~wu(iwpw[1 W[1UiWhWJIIlnLu bG L4WIIllSwnw4w0mpJm0: hWUilbU b(i qwt~U W4,bt~ 4wplS' ll~wLj_wG4 i.1 l:i[11.!Lj_UifJ!~ pu.mb(l(1, I.JUJ 02w·
UJUL4bu l:i(i 4wqtl4mtl lJ.IWU1lSwnw4w0 llub11~ WJO pwJb[1[!, n[1n0R un- Ow4mll t. n11 pwrthJmuw4wO PWI11lnLPJm0Gbpj1 lll.t.wLj_npllwG qn[16mll
4ni1WPWI1 lJ.IWI1llSwnw4wO w6w(ig0b[1 !b(i UUlwOmtl, ~O!Ufbu' wqw- 4w(llan[1 11b11 t tuwrtmll I'!! ll~wJG ~llwul1lWJ~G ll!:ipampJmOo 4wll ub[1lll
tnbt tnWf, pli{lliL U1Wf, qnf]WUWf tnWf, t/ln{lliL tnWL La wnO: UJU tutlp~ wnOjmpJmO(!, WJtla 0[1w0g i~O!Jm0w4w0. liL.wpwGw~wG 4wnmg4w6go:
pwpqmpJmCiOb[1IJ 4n!LI.nul bt:i L4WU1lSwnw4w0 hW[1Wil~l1 pwjb[1: P.wrthJmuw4wG PWilllnLPJWO PWrtWI'J.P~!Obp~g JnLpwgwO!JnLJl[! ulllwOnul
1W[1Wfli1W4nl1 pwJbll~ qqwL~ llwu(i m(i~ hwllwlljWUJwutuwO hw- t ~G}:10nL[1nLJ0, w04wtu 2b2U1, UlLI.JWL PWilllnLPJnLO[! 4wpnrt t tlb[1w64,bt
hwllW'lJ1W4WO, 4gw4wG PWili'J.flLPJWO, ~G!l4bu' wn L LnnL/1 [, wnlttnnt{1.
:lwrti1W4w0 ~L.bp, t.G!Uibu' 0'1tnp wOiit - llmwolif, [fwOq. wnOiit -
Uubt liO w'n & tnm/1, [liO wubt wn & qmj:
qw0q0bf, /tO/ll/ WUiiL - qotfbf, f!lf] tnWf - f!lf]Wf, U/Wfl QWf·U/Wflli[, UtJull'mpO wtfwpmtflig pwpbhwpnrz:
U/WtnWO-utWtnWn WUiif - U/WLnWnnLnlif, flilwg tnWf - fl!lwg01it la umJG u4qpmfign4, ltb/1 m fum l1, lin m qlin, pw)11J m pm)1q La OllwG
wnO: 1wtSwtu hW[1Wili1W4nl1 pwJbllO WJLWPbl1w4wO, tflntuwpb[1w4w0 pwrthJmuw4wO pWf11'J.nLPJnL00b[1 (4wpnrt bG qnp6w6tlbt Owla npL4IhJ
~llWUUl b(i W[1U1WhWJI1lnLil la hw(il'j.bU b(i qWL~U n[1UfbU llW!lli4W6WJ~(j 4gw4w0 PWI11'J.nLPJnL00b[1' qbpmjunuJ, bnmqlin, pwpqmpntf71J La wnO):
tl~w4n!10b[1, ~O!L4bu' wqwOp fJUiif, fubte/lg hwuli[, lipliu wnOiif, uflptn PwrthJnLUW4w0 PWI11lnLPJnL0Ub[1[J 4wrtn'l b(i qllfl6w6Lj_hL GwL. llW[1li-
U1Wf, wqwOp/1 liU7L[J qgb[, Qi/U/1 oO/tObt, W[,Nnt/ U1Wf, LU[J][J dtnUiif, Lj_w6wpwGw4w0 ~llwuUJnLj_: UJUUfbu' wrz m hwg fi2wGwljnul t bf7Wl/U/1JJ,
dline woOiiL La wnO: p~?lipwpmpJmO, plt m pflqmOe · hnt/wOwtfnp, Wl.i/Wt/bO, U/WltnutwO,
qpnrz m gwt/ (wulioe). fulirzff m ftpwq (fubrzff, Pll/wn, wuljwpnrz) La wnG:
PwqhjmuwqwO pWflfJnJ.fJjnJ.OObp b(i 4n!LI.mll WJO hw[1Wili1W- ~ntn4,tlw(i llblJ.IgnLil PWrthJnLUW4w0 PW(lllnLPJnLGCib[1[] ll~Ln4,mll b(i
4w0 pW[11lnLPJnL00b[1[!, n[1n0g PWI1W'll1~!(ib[1(} ~11WI1 04wl1lllwllp hw- ~p[1la llb4 pwn, La hntnLI.LI.mll b(i lltJwJO 0[1wGg Lj_bp2~G PWrtW'll1~!0b[1[) (li-
nmqlin, lin m qbn/1, lin m qlinflg, lin m qlinnt/L. WJtO):
llwqn[1 bo La ll~wOmll b(i m 4wll I, 2Wrt4WUf0b[1n4, ~O!Ufbu' wh m
qnrz, g/1{1 m gwO, wOg m qwpd, Oflutn m qwg, wn L tnnLfl, pwp!J m =tUUU'lf'U4Uu PUP'lfltrasntut.bP
pnLfi!J lA WJLO: 1wtlW'lf1W4W0 b(i 4n!LI.mll WJO PWf11lnLPJnL0Cibp[!, npn(ig PWI1W'll1~!-
PwrthJmuw4wO PWilllnLPJWO PWrtW'li1P!Ob[1(1 un4ni1WPWI1 ~11Wf1 0b[1[] hwG11bu bG qwt~u ll~wuGwpwf\, ub[111l, wi.lpn'12W4wG, ll~wllmn pw·
hbl1l wll0!W4~g 4wll hw[1wpbpw4~g pwllb[1 M, n[1n0g 4w11n11 b(i W[1- llWJj'J(i ll~wLj_npGbp b(i u mGbG tlblj [!CillhwGmp pwnwJ~(i 2b2U1: l"pfllt wtl-
U1WhWJI1lbt qw(iwqwO 4wl4b11 m hw[1wpb[1mpJm00b[1: 'l[1w0g 4w11n11 pnrt2w4wG, ll~wllmn pwnuJJ~O ll~w4,n[1Gbp' G[1wGg pUJ'l,Willl~!Gbp~ 4w-
b(i 4wqll4bt hnllw0~2. hw4w0~2. bppbll(i tt ~llwul1ln4 WllU!W4~g 4wll lJ.IW4gbt~mpJnLCi[!, 2WI1WhJmuw4wG 4WUID tl~wOtlwG 1.L 4w0 hwllW'lf1W-
13* !91
192
(ibp!l 2'J.ii1L.Uh)illUi.\.lc••J/l :.jl...:•""'lf~ liUli..lutlWUL.UpUI(I pnLJi t L. gw0Ljwgw6 w) b(ipw4w-ulllnl1nQ.JWL~ hWI1WPbl1nLPJnLO gnaJg ITH.f.nq· tptl/1tuti/1fi
flbuu~nu.l C!pwu~!I•·J ·.:r,•.ueuJlj~JilLill.! ~wrmrt t wnwfJllpO qnnowom~JmfJ pwn{] Ljwqu4_w6 t tp (=ftpwl/) UUlnl1nQ.JWL~9 La d/1w~hU hOpwljwJ~Q. mf1b/, .
m[ib(iu..:t v.mWOg t•f• /.'~:-dljj\U julWUU1(! ~n(lgUbLm. ~U!Ujbu. WJUOf1, qbUOf1, ftli!M pwnb11[!. ntf. /10! b0pw4w0bl1~9 l& t uumrmq.JWL~g: ullwuw1J4bU
hn(lbqpu.;_,. 1l, 6mJ!il' .,:, ,'iJilif, IJppilt WOU/Jifllji L. WJL(r OwL.' ntff4Jgb, /1li!f47gb L& wnO:
LigWtlJJU ~W\1! ·1 "i'ifiLUUI:ip[! 4ulpni"J. l:iu WOW2W(JWL pUi_UfbU 4114fJW- p) 011n2~!-n11n2JWL~ hwi1WPbl1nLpJnL0 gmJg uutnrt PWI1r)l1LpJmOuhl1,
t[n(l i.J. hWf'lWilill'l, !lli. •! !iJl.i u pWi\hjnLUWLjWIJ hW('IWilflnLJ#JnLUUb(l~g: n11111brt ~p11L& "11"2~! hl40l)bu b(i qwt~u li w6w4wuub11. u· qnJw4wOObl1, u·
4n40wi{n!1ull1,t.;_1 wnwpwguJc'J LjguJLjwu pwflflOL~Jm00bi1Q 4w11n'l bu llbl1w(im(i(ibl1' qliUOfl, qbuq/1;11{1, lilf1WUW{1!J, LUJU0{1, WJU!Wt/1, /10/UjUU,
tflfihL L: pWJW4w[:, l! wul{wuwljwfi qnfiOWOriLpjWlip, ~(j!u~bu' pbqpbq - n{1UjOU, fl{1!Wt/1 l& WJLO:
pbf;p/Jl;mlJ, qbqq/JI] . qbf!Qbr]W{, pwf1pwn · pwppwnbt, !JflfJ!JflfJWL, znfJzn· q) ,WIIIljwgmg~t-hwlllljWgJWL 4gw4w0 pLU111')11LpJm00bl1[! hwllb-
f/Ul[ L. WJLU: llwiiiWPWI1 ~~! b(i, lli1W0gM b(i' hn{1bfJ.pWJf1, VJWlitn/Jlt/1fi, tln{1bfJ.pWJf1,
C:u01 nrnul, G~i~i!iO tlhi!!QbfliiU~ hul!lL\lfH l.jtJJinlJ.illtinnl bO ~WJUWtl.np h U1Wfitnb{1, _pbiJWjf1, _p/:Jnn{1f/./1 l& WJL0:
PW'1.W0WJU hutjntUf.'!b 11tl ~lnLtHltlifli pjmUUtp, ~U!Ufl:iu' I/IWJi ¢Lbi (t/1WJ[· 011n2 ~bnw4w00bl1 4gwljw0 PWI1rJ.nLpJm0 bu hwllw11mll Owl& hn{1w-
LI7Wj{-bL), owlJOltbt. j:)Wl/if;.'l./1b[, itfllJ/Io) (/j/JO·l;/1&), Pf1P/1f1 L WJLU .UnLJf1, tlnf1W.Unlffl, hnf1WU/WU/ La OllwO hnllw4w1J4 mObgnrt pwl1r)JllpJnL0-
Pwg~ u11wOg~g· huJU14UIItll:iu UJlhJJ4w!Hibp~ tlllWUUlQ mdtiqwg(Jblm (ibl1[!: PwJg ~0!1.4bu 04wlrtbL t Q.. Ulaw4[!. bpb 0mJO~u4 [!OilmObO~. n11
GL4WU1W4n4. Wl11lwmtJ 4i14UrtL~JWUp ~gwljwu pWflflnlPJilLUGtip 4wqllbtm u11wOg llb2 hnJlw4WL4[! ulllbt t hbiiiWQ.WJmll' ~u4w4w0 pWf1JlllLpJm00b-
d'wCiwfiw4 hwt!iwtu ilJntLl2~0 j:!UIIl.l.:.li~!·IH} d[lwdwuw0w4 l£' hu!JmGwlflntu· 11~ OllwOwljmpJWilp, WJOmwllb0wJ0~4. unwO~ LjgwLjw(i PWI1JlnLpJm00bl1
~nul, !.t' hUiJnLU£ibpli q(lliliJ• Ljr•fllii Utn t muti(aiUl, npn~ !.t l'lWI1finLil t w[i- !bO, Owtu 011w hwllwf1, n11 wn4w t hnllw4WI.4[!. n110 lUJLl&u 011wOg~g wO-
i:iWUW!blt'- WJUUtbU. /.iWf1Ufrfl fti.Uflrlf;f1' iJwuqw(ill/1{1, l bgnlli[ bgmO' l b!/1{ b· pwdwObt~ t, La bl14f10f11l. pw(i~ n11 ubnw4w0 hnLn4n4 llfl4w6 pwow~L&~g
gm D, qwl1wl Ltwtiu ·. · [Jwl(ilJWUWj, i]WI.thilf1{J !JWI.fiW/1/; · !JWI/1!JWU7Wf1lt L. t.u 4wqll4_mll bu ~u4w4w0 Pllil11l"LPJm00bl1 L& Unt.JO~u4 w6w0gmll0b(l:
s• ,b111L.wpw11 ll~wJO ubnw~O hnLn4~ wn4wJmpJnLLl[! pw4WI1WI1 1t WJfl·
WJLU: '
U~ zwfl.Q 4g1ul i'-"fr ~1U(•IIm ~~~ ,dJut(l (hwtn4,ut!llill ~wJbJI} WIH1J2WQbl Lli~U~ pwf11')11LpJmOn 4gw4w0 hwllwl1btnL:
bG pliLuawJUW4w£i ~ltHllAI1~g. ~G11-4bu' pqpQW[, tnqU7qW{, t12lllW{, t/;tf;wf,
tlmlowf, PZPZW{, ljqi/QtU{, rfljtfllwt L& wJLG: t>UI.4Ut..Ul.l PIJfl'lfltta90tl.ILbr
:llLJlolib(inu'l j1UJLj_tu4wCif1U IIiWf"IUJOLj_wo tG ht.U11WI)flW4UJU pUlfHlnL~
JmCiul:iprg Ljwqllqwo 4guJ4wC.utpn. jlO!L4I:iu · qnruJwrJbL. wquwdtlt, hn- Pw(lrJ,nLpJnL00bl1[! llwuw4wi1Q.bt~u Q.. Ultw4n. u4w111~ m0b0wLn4
fllif/PWJf!, puwtih/JOQ, !Jflp/4 l& wnO: ygwl.jwuCibjl bG LjwqllLtnul uwll pwqh- 011wug pWfl.Wilf'~!libl1~ 2WI1WhJmuwLjw(i hwi1WPbi111LPJmli[!, Jli1WO,p pw-
jnwwi~"'JG PWI1flllli'I'Ji 1LtiGlii•Ptl. \lwuwLj_wiJt), lift!! wm pwrtwllrtll!Cibpp 11- dwOmll t bl14nL fullp~· wO~u4wljw(i lt ~u4w4w0: !:!u111 n11mll' wO~u4w
uwu!n%1111 Lj_bpumi)LIIUP up Ullfl uul}hwunql 4wlllflntuwpl:ii1W4w0 ~llWUUl Ljw(i bO hwllw11Llmll WJO PWI1flOLpJmu0bl1(!. n11nOg PWI'\Will1~!0bfl~ 2W-
t wpu1~.uhWJlrt4mu: UJuUjl:iu' wrJ m hwg pwrthJmuw4wu PWI11lnLPJmO~g 11WhJmuw4wO hWI1WPbl1nLPJnL0[! 4WJnLU t, lt 011wO,p hl::i2111nLPJWilp 4w-
mGbO£ wrrmhwg Ljgw4wOn. np Owtuw1J4bu 02w0w4bl t hb(ig wq m hwg 11"'l b(i wnwO~OwOwt La wowOg pwnwJ~O ~llWUIII[! 4nl1g0bLm qn116w6L!bt
~Opuml1nLJ0wpwf1· n111.4bu wnwO~~O pwnwJ~O ll~wLtn110b11: PW111lnLJr
wnwf1ljwul:ii1Q. uwljwJU Ltw11mg Wl11lb0 wrrmhwgo uzwOw4nLil t pw(lb-
ftwtlmp_JntU, hwtfwmwf11lnLf1JnLfi, bf1wzfu/1.u La Q.l14mll t ~p11L& llblj pwn: JnL00bf1~ WJU tumllpn llb11 ~u4 4nrtll~g Obf14WJwgLj_wO 4bl1tm6w4w0 PWI1-
unLJO lll&m.(mtib(i~ Owl& 0/Jutnmqwg, wnutnmf1, ltbf1mfunul, wumtftu, WJ- IlnLpJnL00bl10 b(i:
pmpbU, Wjf1t7idft, bnmqbn, bf1pubq, fuWflnliJIWf1, pwnmpwfi l& WJLO: Uju t"u4w4w(i b(i hwllw11Llmll WJG PWI1JllltpJm00bl1[1, n11nO,p Ljwqllijmll
p.nlpp pWf;rtJltj:l-JOLUUI:i11(i WllW2WQbL b(i ZWI1WhJmUwljw(i ll1Wf1Pbl1 hWI1W- b£i llb4~9 w4bt~ h~lluwLjw(i ~lamJp0bl1~9 (w11llwiiiObp~g} Ljwll ~PI1l& Wl1-
pbflnLfa··.iOLUUbl1 QnLJQ mLj_nrt hWI1Wili1W4wfl 4Wl4W4gntpjnL00bl1~9. ~U! llwlll q~111w4g4w6 pw11b11~g. n(lnOg ll~2la b'l.w0 zWI1WhJnLuw4wO hwi1W-
pbl1nlpJm0[! llpwq.Ow6 t 4wll ~ltwpwun(lbO hwllwu~w111wutuwO 4bi12W-
Ulbu'
llnl1nlpJm00bl1n4 l'}fiuun114w6 tt. 011~0w4· pf1lt/1f1, fJf1lt/1g, hwg11mfu L
wnu:
''Sb'u' Q. UL.wlj, (j24- w2tu, t\?165: ru4wljwu PWI11lnLPJnL00bl1mll ll~WJU 4bl12~(j Lj_w(iLj(i t ~whto~w(imll
!91 195
!;11 flUJIHU!f\! lt12N!, jwl..' !ijrt•.JJilg WflU12 tillUJ•:t PWrtU.Hlfl~tGb[l[) q[l~t!n: I'
jfJ zbzm!•g
55 :u,~m:~i;o 1;1Lit]WP,
. JJ''frJW.f!Wf.!fiwlj. qhi'r. amt.mlfn,
.. . qpwpl~, !1 tl~wOwtntl (jwfunfli'J- PWI\LUf'l.fl~!fl 4.bfl2UWh0iJmli fr llwjliwl{n[lflli, nwnfinul
!JI(i : t /i. ~O!~bu' WJQ/l+w+q.n{IO- w;q.tl~I7f16, pwf1ft+w+l{wtl- pwf1/i{jwt1, li7W-
hlljwlpJJG pt11\1:l: :1 ~;u1G pwn.wr,.p[lj_fil;ni! htulfiuJ~uAimt.J l!npgCim•i <·li pft+w+pfil/ -- U1UJ[7/Jp/11l
;•phGg rdu.wu~·u1!1[• ·.::Ulr.ul~·nlf,}Jr!I.UQ: r2mP r;pnur f.!VJili.UI'J-flni!3JWli [1Uf! ,, t J"lu4w4wfi PWflllnLPJWU tlb2 lAu qnJw4uJ0 pwrtWilfl~m 4wf1ni'J. t hw[j-
;·'nlfl r:JtJJUU 1 r' 1.'.:~11·!;, Ji'•il t, }.'I.Ul! Gpw pUJI!Wf1P!t~f!bpl1 Will!Jli,oj1u t1•ll!''ll11· qbu qWL llllUppbfl hnpll{libflp, ~UIUJbllfl W[llllWhWjlllWO' ~llWUIIlUb[lnl{,
'•':iru. orltU.w~· /lw~~·d1 ;, ~h Gzwutu~mt1 !UJ.J{i l.l pjubf, LUll.· hwg F!W~<J flOt~bu' Uf7tnUJtlli1J, Llifi.UJI.i/Wu1wn (nLI]fJ.), Pf1UJU1UJf1, QWJfUJ/j/ifl (u/in.),
)£nf1f) · I.!tL!tJ6wqfi!..[.'_. :~'/'1 bu.~q f /~h.J.;;u~~ qnJJJFblf! 11li · tlf lilh q/'l' I! ubq-/J{·;, ,.~.'n d;mfiUJI.i/UJfl, d/inwq.n[70 (Qnfld.), /tltUt/Wf1UJpfilll/j, tln/u{IUJfJU.Jt/UJf (li/iflq.) t...
uhflwli, '1(1/1 t/111..!.1 e;/J1. Ui u.dinuJ: wnG:
Ujtmd1ut~~. pu.!p\'!!l!lil_llllflli wupnfl2rJ!~jWUp W(1lflWhWJtnmil t Lil! l.iljU·
u.t~rutJ unr filiwuUl, rwu 1.n p!unu~ nwrtwrw!JtlitLp!' wnwOcpG, uJOLw;llo j1- ~U~U~U4UL PUr~tB3ntLubr
'JUJUu1ubppg:
ru~IJJ4WG PWflllJ1lj}JUl!l rwrtl!JflPPt[!bp.lJ upzll'l ujtwgwo, tljlullifiLJI. li[J ~w~wl{nul[! pwnw~wqllmpJWU WJU~~u~ b11wDw4 t, li[lp n11nz
IJUJur~bl.! q.wLtJU, u hU!!lwtu G4wlflliifl t WJ!'). PLUfli.UI'J.fltltGbfl~ hQ~_p:tGH.II.j,n pWI'J.WI'J.fiJWL PWilbflfl ~wll wul{wOnlllUbflfl m llll:i[lllfluubflfl lllW[lpb[l
!um~JmG, nfl[! ~WIJ4t!_U!() t zbzlllp UlbflWlfln~nLj;lj..;.:Q htUl, ~GtlL!bu' ff!li/111, 4f16wllll{w6 llwul:iflfl 4wtl wnwli6~(i f!WI'J.Wilflfl!fibflfl llflwl[n[lmlln~ (jn[l
QJ7Wqbll1, Ufli..'?Wpm/11, [{1ll7bl.l, U2111i.JJ/Unh l1 WJ[.U: pwllbfl l:iO ~wqlll{mtl, ~(j!~bu pmh-pwf16[1wqmJU munLtl(jw~wfi hwumw-
ru4wl~w(j pU.lf11ll1l~JnLUlih[l!J 4Wflnll b[i L~libt. hnqw4Wl4nll. t... !JJflhn- lllnLpJmli, dnrt4f1ppwdl[w[l-dni'J.n~flf'I.W~wli 4f1PnLPJWfi pwdufl l{wflflt,
flWh.WU-4. llu!u~tiU' hwgpmju., J.f71.l7GU, u.· lin{1whwf1u, Wfii.AW·
h{Jdftq. pwjg UUL!-l1~wl{n[ll{w6 wqqb[l~ ~wqllw~bfl~nLpJnl(j lA WJLli: ~w~wl[mtlOb[l[!,
OWQ., twlpll..!l!f.L!t.[U, hJW.'tJ/10 l•. WJLU: lnr~w~w~fl Wll~WJnLPJOLG[! ~WJ1Ul hwlll~W~I:iu lllWilWJflU[!, LWJ(j lllW[lWOmll b(i UlllWQbL 20-[111 llWflfl
[luJ4np~uJ(r t n! ~!:i npLt op.tupm[ 4wll wO.hflwdbzmm~JUHlo WJl wl[wG- u~qplibfl~U lA hflliliw4w0mll qn[lO'wol{bL bG llll:ii'J.~ L. dwllwuw4fl tufiwJn-
l'}.Ptf!JUJlJ.p. um!nrmf.!>JWG man~: llJUIJ.lbu' pmf1 pumflg m(i~G.Q ppljftfi, rtnLPJWG fi~WlllW~nl{: ·
pp£lnur rwJg h ppw;:dip. fi11JJtl1Wf7, pf1W1.11lif!: t"G!~bu (j~wlllbL t tn. UI'J.WJUJU[!, hw~wl{nullibp[! u~qp(iw~bu wnw-
rGtU!bU Gl~u.nnbt. t q_ Uliw4[!. llfluumjfi WflllWU'lUbflflg ~wqtll{wo hn 2WQbL bu hwliwnnmwq[lmpJmuubfl~ hfltl9~ tlflw. uwtuw~bu q[lliL bli,
llW~wntml. L Lulihnnw4wu.l f.!WflllnLPJmGGbflQ b[lpMG uUlwfmul bu fltlwu- Oflflliw4 pqll {«Pwqtlwl{bUJ»}, L. ~'l (uLnfl '1w[l»}, ~- U. («=tw(inbu wlluo-
U1WpwGw4wu 111Wflp.bf1Lu4m'l lA WillllWhwJIIlnul mw[lpbfl ~llwumubfl. [lbwp~ }: UJil GmJ(j hwllwnmnwq[lmpJm(j(jl:ifl[! hl:illlwqwJmll u~ubL t;(j q[lbL
~G~~bu' 11{lwdflq (qft1Jifnf1} L. hru'flq (hf1fJ/Jhnf]), P.Wphww (tlnLflrf} h pw- wnwug ~bU1bfl~, npn09 ~[ltiwmllwO ~wtl hwllwnnUJWQ.flnLpJwli Ozwlilib-
(lWhWl/1 {£Wf1111W2) L 1.unu: flfl '1-bfl tflli 4wmw[lmtl: 4blllbfl~ pwgpni'J.mtlu h hbmwqwJmll hwliqbg-
t"lui~bu CQnui t lf. Upl:iruwu[!, w hnnw~wL4r 6•uqnul[! 4uJu!q_n, tl t OnLtl t hwllwnnUJWq[lmpJmiJfibpfl lin[l . brtw(jw~fl hwllwrmlllwqpl[wo
pwnuJh~l\j;!fl L[bf12fl0 w OUJJ£iw4nnfl htt.n: ~WJbflbU llfl zWfl£ pwnb[lnliA Ul PWilb[l~ u4qp(jWU1Wilb[1flli~wuflli q[lbLnLO, 1'}[1W0nl{ flu4 WllW2flli 9WJL(j t
~tuJOw4nn[! ultqpfiwUjbu brtbl t wpuwtnw~w(i, hUJOr).bu t b4bL p•JJr;u~rl ljWIIlW[ll{mll hw~w~mtlGbflfl, flpflL. JnLJ'IWUlbuw~ hwllwnnmwq[lnLpJw(j,
66
flnLp.Jntufib[lnul, flC!!LlJbu" tlluJwumlli pwn~ llb2: UJu PWfli'J-nLPJWG wmuyj1(i qw[lqwgllw(j qn[16[!(jpwgmll :
PW'l.Wilfl~H! utufuwu~tw nt ~b iJM W[1tlWIJl£i t, WJ( ubtfw: =nnmliQlU)nlti ,wuwrw4w~w(j, 9WrtW9W~wfi, llzw~mpwJfl(j, q~mwmbtulifl~w~wo
W[li]WUJW~WG UIJI'J- W (lU.IjfiW40fl~ wG4liwli hb111L.wupn4 tJf:illw p.WJWifll:llV · nLn[llll0b(1~ l{flp~Wfl~ WllW2[!1ipwgfl, nL pmll(j QW[lqwgllwli hbllll!Wfi9nl{
u1~ mqflrt 6u[! r,wnunul t tll;o, L.. 1}/:iau.nnmD pwpr,m~_!wC1 ut2 wf;· lt:~r·L lUilW2 b4w6 Onn l:i[lWlLJp(jb[l~ wul{wGmtl(jb[l[! PWrtWilflJWL wOmuub[l b(i
hrHlW4WI.I..j, WJLLU ;._~ Qhl.!l!l.!l~gt[mu, Ofl[! L. hwuwpwGntpiUHip 'JlUJpWUdnu1 lA libr4wJwgl{nLll bO hw~wl{mllubflfl tl~2ngnl{ lA' q[lwl{nfl, li pwuw~nfl
t hwJb[lbD PWI1Wfl.Pl'JJL pwnb[l~ ~wqllm,a-JWG ~Hi2: tunuj;!mli:
U~ 2WI1R pwr!lijVlUJ GWnUJLfuJqOm(2-_lwG du.11.hJJGw~, w hoqu.•U,wu.Jr Puw~wliwpwp, I'J-flWOJ;! wnw4bL lAu (ibfl~WJwgtlbL l:i(j lizl{wo wli~w
umllObfl~ U~Q.pOWUIWilbflfl, WJU~fill(j UlWllWJfl[j hw~wl[mlllib[l~ li~2ngnl{,
al.lrnZ 4P .rntnrn '1 '«t/fiblj iltio oml 6/md 'ifo!Juqp t/l OTuiltimp ot/ot/b» '1JmtimJlJ.p7u.p 'ummq Dfl/Tulb 'lqom 'lfiQd 1u tiom.p 'lfll'unf l}m117t{l 'lqll7n!J
'«t/oumlj l}mll7 t{iflm 001uftim ilnq/lltm ltuOII7fl lm"?» '«1/ot/TIJ ptimlj OJUb Du1u.p ,nqtn1!)~ '!Jq l.lqumd Z~!Jrnltm14 iW!t!JNt.ltJml.Jmd ~oaQm~QtJmtl
-ql t/1Jt/117nfb » _nqtn1!J~ ·IJq~Qrn~QI.lrntJ al.lrnZ ~t'l lq~~l ~q l.Jul.lrn~ p1upbrn~ l.l1u 'tJlUI.lq!J!JWh:hu6~mtnrn~rnumd !Jlufrn~ !J(rn t.I!Jrn~rn!Jrnp plU!JurntJ
~l.lqanunj l.lu~rn'lEI.'l ·~IJq~dQrn~Brnnrn .'l.'~Llq!JQrnurn .'lllu ''lrn!J lrn~rnuutJ ~ Ulrrnq!J~rn lflqJlm !Jplul.lu~rnb!Jrnl.lq !Jrn~rn~Ulnrnn ~Llq!Ja~mu
l iJUlqtnc :!]Urn '1 Tqftoumfl/ ifom/lmtimil ftullltmiJ 'Tqoum /7uomp1ud timb {nJJ ;~t""mlj l!J.I/
-mq il1Jf719 omiJp 'lqoifl 07Utn mti/1 t{bmftm _nqtn1~~ '(ilLlq~aqrn~QI.lrntJ lq~ 1/fiupml-ifdupm 'pwltmfl/ iloql ifpmonf-ifpmonf -'l.Pti¢ omlpntn!flb.»
-pbrn~ !JQ l.Jul.lrn~ B~l.lqiJ!JlurEilullul.l~ ~~Eirnpbrnd !Jrn~rnpbql ~rnl.lrnnrn4urn (£!11:) :.pmtllnlj ilbmp (m '~711!1f1 timdtJit ti7_U-
nqtn1!)~) ifQrn~QI.lrntJ ~tnqtJ 6~Qrnurn lq~l.lrnUlrn~ tJlU6!Jrn lllul.lrn~ plul.lqa (I:n) :~t.pmnf
-tnqtJ al.lrnZ ~t'l .~~lq~rn uqtJ ·~q!JlU l.lql.lbq !Jrn[I~Z Lltrn1rn!Jrn~rnprnd if!Jrnl.ltJ -mt/1 qljud '.pmlq ql}mll7 t{tnmln ···OIJqp iftn!mqom-1}1111170m 'tit/fJonfml/7
l.lu 'iliJ!]rnprnb!Jrn4 ~rrn lqnqUl!Jrn l.Jul.lrn~ ~q1 ·ual.lq~ ~ 'nqtn!)rrn '1 orrnd -fl/md fl7U/jm/oq 7U til fl1Utimpmlj Oif!utim"? iJnm/j7tJU~ ,nqtnnrn :dprntJ
·o~l.lq~aqrnflQI.lrntJ iliJlurEilul.lqdl.lrnUl ~l.lqanunj l.lu~rn'JEI '1 ~l.lq!Jaqrn~Brnn -Ulrn~!J ~Q!Jrn .nqtnm~Ulrnq '1 tJrrn~l.lrnurn qifnunj ila!Jlupl.lqdml.lqfl !Jrn~
-rn ·~l.lQ!JQrnurn !JQ plUZ!J ill.lq!Jt.ll.lu'JU1Q4 !JrnrE11unqU1 nrrn 11 !Jrnal.lu -rn!Jmplft.J!Jrn4 '!Jrn~mbl.lrn!Jrn '!Jm~m4t.lmpm41.lm lfllununJ 'lftiiJ lQWmymm
: «lqU1rrn4rnU11.lrn 11 Llu~rnl.lm~4 ~uumd
-l.lrn !JQ l.Jut.lmtt :!)1rrn "1 Tmltmfl/ tiqo/ftl p1uomlntitJ '1Q01~ . . . r/hlf1}1111
11
~Qtl '!JU!Jm~ nqtnl.lu .il!J1urE11u~mtJ!)rn~ud ~l.lq!]iJQrn~Bmnm 1u ~l.lQ!JQrnu
-mq 'Tqoum pu~utl timbmq Dljm.p omiJp 'lQIIRU UPQI{ if!Jmq il~ .'lrn!J
·rn» 'B~tnul.lbrnEilU!Jd qm~l.lqd ~ ~lqUlrn~!J nqtn1!)~ .Qrnnrn tnl.lq~ Un tJlU!Jm~Ulrntn !JQ !J~~EI ~l.lq!)iJQm~QI.lrntJ qm~Zrt :(l1upmp) !JQ Tqljq iltiq.p
: 0 /d)~Ulq~rnnqlll !Jm~rnmurqrnl.lrnZ '1 !J~rmUlnmtJ
-l 'pm!JII01Ul aiflqnm/nn !Jifomti'l.» ~ '£!11:) :cro1ubql pmiJoillnmlj '1Jqti117/j
tiTUtl ot/ltQ]J# (C 'tJnJ :cro1Un{f1n til TQUimln /1U01Ufp ljm117iflnn~ :crniflml/7
-~ 11 ~lqqlulml.ll.lrnUl '1 l !JlurEilui51Jud[!rn ~t'l !J~rmumd ilaQrn~QI.lrntJ ~n~
nq t/fimil ilifll7n/md 1uil 'p1uom pq 01ufd1u/lml bqa nq 'timtnmtii (n» ,nqtn
'!J~Ulnmp~ ~l.lq!J1~1.lilrn1Jrnd l tJlU!JrnnjnrnUlrntnrn[lrn4 illllnmp~ 6!Jul.lu '!JQ
-1!)~ '!JlurEiluUlrrnqmUll.lrn l.l1un !Jrnftm~md '1 ~~ml.Jll1u l plU!JQ!JlU !JCf!JlUp
!JlurEilunmtJrnnjrn!J !Jql.lu~~mZuLlu ilt.lq!Jifqrn~5mnm '1 ill.lq!JQmurn .mtnm '1
-l.lqdml.lq~ t..rrn 1fM.Iu t.IQiJ :dprnt~Ulrn~!J ~Eihu']l.lq pml') Lf9!Jrn l.JuBrnn~ti!Jrn4
· ··!J1urE11un,Jrn~!Jrn !J~rrnumd !JQ!JlU1 ill.l[I!JNI.l1Jml.Jmd ~l.lq!JifQrn~QI.lmtJ !JlUd
rn~t.lmum ~an~ iiCf!JlUpl.lqdml.lq~ !Jrn~rn!Jbq~ L{lJunun:f ~ fllU~UlrmqmUl
uqt.I1!J~[I '!Jq l.lq!JI.lu~m~tJ !J~Q!Jrnum !J~rmumd Cf!JrnlJt., :!)q !JhUI.llu!Ja!J~ B~Ul
-l.lrn ~ul.lq!JiJQmJ'tvUmtl ~Eirlu!Jd !Jm~rnq~bl.lq prn~ !Jrn~miJbQl: :il!JmtJI.lu~mb
-q~mnqUl !J~rrnurnif ill.lq!JNI.l1Jrnl.Jrnd 5!Jrnl.l1J '1 '!JQ l.lq!JiJ.Q01~5luum~ ~lqQ
·!Jrnl.lq !Jmnjnrmnmlnmpm~ ~anunj ~ulqlllnrnln!J .!JlU(Eilu!JmptJti!Jm4 'iJ!Jm4
-1ull.lq~ !]ql.lumur4ml.lrnZ t.lu ·~uurn9Ulrntn !Jrrn !J~EII.lqq !J~i5rnurn lql.lrntJrn4
-l.lrnprnql.lm 'a!Jm!J'bqq !JQ pluUlrmqmllll.lm !JI.lq!JiJQrn~QI.lmtl ~n~tntJrn :lm!J
iJQrn~QI.lrntJ ~lql.lm~ ~1» Cf!Jrnl.ln l.lu '!JQ [llUQt.lrn~ 6~tJllu~ n1urp '1 Brmct
-Q!JlU !JlurEiluUlr~rnUll.lrn !Jmbrnpbmd lllul.lrn~ ~uiJq!]iJQrn~QI.lmtl ila!JlUtl
:Ulnmp~ !Jrn~mLlqdrn~u~ 'IJu~mLlq~Ulrntn !JQ p1uU1rm4rnU1
-l.lqdml.lqfl !Jr.,....6md ~llunun.J 'il!JrnroualqJl ·n l lqUlrn~IJ nqtn1!J4
-l.lrn !JI.lQ!JNtJ1Jrnl.Jmd D!Jrnl.ltJ 'll~!Jrm~q[lrnlu!Jrrn ''1 'l.lqanunj l.lu~m']EI '!JQ
:1 QlqUlrrnq!DUII.&I if!Jlupl.lqdrnl.lq~ !Jrn~rnq~bl.lq '!Jrn~rn!Jbq~ ll !J~QD 6~11
iJq!J!JlUrEiluUlrmqmUll.lm l.luflmllq~Ulmtn a!JrnlH.I .rntnrn '1 ill.lQJJ!JlUrEiluB~mtn
LO'l 90l
l.JqUlnCm [11ULim[lm4 if!)q1 tJLiulqfm :!)lrm '1 1/JQI) t/thupn 'ounfm l)mf'b/tm !JmfEilUI.IlfmLjml.llLim ~ lql>mllUEI !J~!Jm~mflmd [llU~mLiqdLimlll QmflZ!J Llu ·~
'lqd t/fm{/flmt/tin 'bmfl/uo omfthufrmll 'lqi]IJ[Jm fJIJuiJt/d7Uf1 'IJmomdlJmq !Jm~m!Jd :fl/Jq/1111 fi{7UfJ mt/Jpmp frml IJqp (JI)t/ UU 'pml)p 1JmiJmU7timln 'lq/J
{/mfnurnuffn 'U7Un {/mfliJupmiJ 't/p l)mi'JmfutJI/1 'JJt/qmp [JmfnQU7n7UtiiJutJ/n -mpqp llmll1Ulf 'pq lqtlqiJ llmll1UJ:JI ,nqtnl!)~ '!JmfEilulllfm4ml.llLim Klqlimp
'ff[JmJ}fl/mtJfl/ [Jmfnull7UIJ1Ul 'tim/nmltJmb l)mfnqllt/ifm 'l)mU7nmll1mfJ -qp lJmU7uq 'lqtiqiJ llmll1UlfJ# ~ lq.QmLiqfl iJlluLI'b il!JlUfEilulllfmllmlllLim Llufl
t/I!Jt/7 oq 5~Liq!J8QmflQLimtl ~n~tnurn :81uZm4qf1 1u LluflmLiq~Ulmtn [llU!J -mLiq~Lilmtn ((/qlimpqp ll 'l lqtiqiJ l/J~ .Qmfl.QmLimlll !J4!Jm~mf1md [11Uflbql
-QLimtl !)Cm ')lCmtll !)mfEilU!)Lj '!)lUCEilU[Iqnfl !)Q n~lmlll !)~ifnu~ '64Liq!)LI1UC !Jm~m6~mnu~mlnJf1ulJup ,nqtnnrn :i1om.04lllnm omfEiluLiuflmLiq~Utmtn
-dum !1~4 om~m[ll.llmtn !JQ [llU~d tJm~ !JQ!JlU [llubmQ om~m!Jmdmlqtnnmn 1u !J!JlUfEilU!Jbplu !JmfEI1Ulllfm4ml.llLim [lm~ 4(f.QmflQLimtJ lmr}llll !JQ [llU!Jml
-m '!Jmr?oZmQmflumm UlmZ 4lqflm '1 [llULIQ!JlUbql Llulud mCLim[1m4 !JQ !)m~ -1uEI 'nhu~mllmlll!Jm ·~n4 flu!Jmtfu ·~ [llunfutll 'flu~mUtmtn!) 1Ulqtllmmu~
-m.Qm.QLiu'b aouLiu 'Otiq[Jllpm]lptlmfl !JI/ImtJbmll/p 'Qmfllu~ nqtnnrm '')m!J 64Liq!)!)lUCEilU!)mdm~Ljqllb '1 q61ub [lm~ lUlqt.IL1ullm4 ElflU!)d [IUQ[I ~lqfl
!JQ!)lU [llU.QmLiml.ll !)Cml 3q[l !JmC~hU!Jm~mLJ'b !Jm~mUlnqflLimlJqb -m !J48nu~ [llULiqatnqtJ ZuLiu Llmdm!Jmflmll) flU[11Ulll4tJ 4~mZuLiiJ il~q[l 64LI
:olrm '1 ifQmfl -q!Jl4l11Jmllmd (4Liq!)if.Qmfl~mnm '.QmDm [lm~) 4Liq!)if.QmflQLim1J !J4Q!JmDm
-QLimtl 08~ .flunmd «nqllq» '09l .flunmd «!)mLiqd» 'OS£ .flu-«aJm» 'OS9 !)m~m.Qm.QLiu'b tJlUflbql !)m~ml1Lif1ullup 'EIU!JmQ ~n4 !)qtJLim illJuLI'b !)[lqdLiq
!Jq lqflpbm~ flunmd «~lul'b» [llUQqLiqfm4 .ormQm[lm4 ~Llq!J[IluflZml: :[llU~mQLim 4!Jmffludn 'llf ~ ..Qm]lQmLimlll !)~!Jm~mflmd iJEihU'lLIQ nfn
:oq LI1U!Jm4ti!Jil[lm4 [llULIQ!JlUbql 8LimZ ~[I ~4Lim~Zm f1uLiq!]Lilnm[l4 Qml.ll :flu[!luum !JmfEilun
-rm4mL11Lim BoqLI~ QLIQQif.QmflQLimll 3q[l 4i:ll1~ nrm •tnqtl 4 :!Jq QLIQ!J!JlU!J -mtlmLimZ 4Liq!Jl4Litlm\lmd '1 nqtnorm '4Utnm[l4 Qmlllfm4mUtLim B!)mLio
-m 4Liqnm[l 4!J[1Lim[l amnm 64!Jq[lm !)Liqnmd 4n4tntlfm ~n4 'Liqumd !Jm~ '4[1bm~ !J4Cmumd nqtnl!J4 ,LIQ!J!JlUCEilu~u~ulfl ~hu!Jd ombmomb !JQ
-mqLioDm '~lqll.llm[l lqflmum lqQm.QLiub ~ tJlUUlm~Zm ifu LllUr?!)mifmLilU( [llULimlllm~ ilLiqiJlluLib [llULiq!)ifQm]lQLimtJ ZuLiu !)m~m.Qm.QLiub '1 .QmflLILil!)il
Llm[lm4 !)mfEilU!)m~mllllfm4mlllLim '1 !)mfEilULIUflmLiq~Lilmtn ~ifnu~ ·iJif[1~4 ~n4 !)qt.ILim d[lmfEiluLI4nm~m!) !)fm [lm~ nfm !J4fm~m1J41J!:I4 nqtnmbLimtn
!)m~mLI4 1.14 4!J1U '1 ~ !)lUfEilulluLI~ !)m~m!)mdmflbql LI1U!Jm4ti!Jil mn [lm~ d[lmptfum~mlllmtn!) orm [lm~ nrm !Jm~mgu Llu ·~1 LllZ4p !JCm~mn :iJ!)
:tlqo6pm]lptlmtJ -1UCEilu41q~u~utll!Jm ·~ !J!JlUfEilU!JlUfm~ 4Liq!J14Litlmllmd Bl]mLI!) iJ~Q[I B~LI
IJI/mmpun ')m!J !JQ p1u}llu~ '1 fluLiq!)!)lU!Jm 4Liqnm[l 4!ll1Lim[l 1u1JL1m[1 !Jq -q!J!JlufEilu~mmLjmLiluC !)m~mgu-o4fmif.Qmf1BluDm~ 4Liq!J8QmflQLirnt.,
[1lU}l61uum~ plu!)m~m!J[1~4 ilLiq!)if.QmflQLimtJ Llu ''lm!J 8!Jq!J6mlqfln :Liq!J[I1U6mLI!)mlf1J!Jil 4Eihli'}Liq !)fm pm~ nfm 4if!JmC~ '!)q Llq!)!)lUf
...p7U!Jmpmd [JQI t!mtlt/ /lmlDI/1 i7llqll14Qfl -dlUU1fm4mU1Lim ~1utnL11J 'Liuflm!Jq~mmtn 4EiflU!Jd Qm~rnlllmLI~ lu ilLiq!)
'p7U1Jm IJQ frt/oiJ tiu dtiq IJt/fltimp lltJ -if.Qmfl6mnm ~n4 '!Jm~ml.llmLI~ iJLiq!J.Qmum .!Jmp!Jm[l4mn !J4Cm~!Jm.p LllhiJ
,[lml-) :!)q Llq!)!JlufdlULilfmqmlllLim !J~CmiJQm]1QLim1J 4Bmlllnmlfl· 64lllq~mnqlll
· •·oqtim-Dtl7ul 1u t11un lqptlmtJ Dtiqn !Jm~mflbql 'flU8.Qmf161UDm~ 6!)qLI4 'i1!)1UCEI1Ulllnmt~4 LluflmLimtJ Lf1.1Liflullup
'n/ml/1 1u om tiqlnn/m '!Jifl/tlmnflm !lqptlmtJ flulqmCmqmmLim fluLiq!J!JlUfEilu~mmLjm!JQ!JmDm !J4fmLI!Jmp '1 d[1mfE11u~mtJ
,nqtnl!)y :[llufuQmtllml 4!Jmf!Jm[11UeJ '4flU1: ')m!J [11Utn4li!Jm4 ·!Jmflud I>!JqLI~ 'if!Jm\Jt, :[11U~m9~fl 4mnmLII.Ilmtn !)q [11Ufl6!Jm~ulfl 'iJLiq!)
!JQ Llq!)if.QmflQLimtJ fl~Eim[lbmd fluLiqo141fumllmd Qmfl~utllu~ '!Jmt~rt -iJ.QmflQLimtJ muf[l '1 nqtni!J4 'lrm '[llUiJBmEIQil IJmt~l>~mtJLiullmq nqtnm34[1
:dltJtJmfJ nqnm p~ U 1/ 'nt/lmb l)mp I)Q t/l]lm[J 7Ut/p pmi'Jil1fflfl -IJm qEI1u !JQ plUfl.Qllqum .!Jif!J~nrm 'Liq!)Liuflm~tJ ~UlnmLimmtn 1J4CmUtnm[l
:11 qd :miJ dtiurf dmtimf ot/IJmU7 qd 'l]q1JnQU7 tiu 'p1ulmi! !Jll tiq/t iJfruiJ IJqp -~ tfllbql ')Lid~ n~lm'b !JQ nqti!JmLI nqtn!)hU!J 3q[l 48nu~ 'LiqLI!)m.p !]mfE11un
-ilJ:» ,nqtnlQ~ 'il!JluCEilU!J'bplu 1u !J!JlUfEiluLiuflmLiq~Lilmtn omfEilUI.IlfmLjml.ll -lUfqm!)md !Jm~mt.ILiflullup nqtnLiu .i1Liq!)if.Qmfl6mnm lU !)UQ!)Qmun
-Lim 3llu lqL16ml1uEI ~n4 flU!JmLitl _!1LIU'1Lim~ [llUatnqtJ lmr}ll.ll '1 il~qp 6~1.1 :!)Urn '1 IJt/tiudul/1 p7uti4 IJmpmd tiP 'lqot/11.lid 'IQ!Jt/1 'I/U7mlnmgmf fuamd
-q!)i~Litlmllmd ~ifQmflQLimtJ ~ lq~u~ ilomfflui:ln [11Uif.QmflQLim1J-a.Qmf16mn -t/md l)fmp 'nu[Jm(p fltlufl/mt: 'timbm'2 4miJ'UUn/m l)mfb]lm 'bt/q t/lnmtimiJ
-m fl/l.qd :miJ dtiuq ot/IJmU11JQI]flQU7 'pTulmi! !Jll tiqfr iJb.qjl UUflQmQLIU'b _nqtnlo4 '4Liq!)QmflQLimtJ lqfl.Qm !)q Llqfl .flulm!Jml.lln Ulnm[l4 om~mLiqdm~
JluLimlllmtno lulqQ'bt.IQil !J!JlufEI1u1JtfLim!J4!Jm ~!Jmd ~P Llu-l!J~ 'il!J1ufE11ullq4 -ulfl 6!JQ4 '1 !)Q!)lU dflU!)d Llu]lmLiq~Ulmtn if!)ULIU 'ilLiq!)if.Qq!)m lU !)UQ!)if!)m!)
-mLifm.Q I>!Jm~tJLim[l p1ualnqtJ lrm ~!:Ill :ilif.QmflQLimtJ ((p7Ulii1Jq ot/p tJomtlt/ -41.10 'ilLiq!]if!)mEil.lm[l !Jm~ml>~mnunf '!Jm~mtJLiflullup :Liq!)Eihunm ombm!J
llfJIJllPm» [llU.Qm ~ .QLiu'b [11Utnqf1 !)qLim~u~ !)mfEilULilfmllmlllLim ~!)Lilfm4 -mb 'ilLiq!J!J1UCEI1Umfm4mU1Lim q1utnL11J !J4fm~m!J4llq4 'ilLiqifnu~ Llufl""ld
!Jm~mt.ILiflullup trp7ula IJQ oll !Joqtit/ 1J6'1]Qpm» ,[lml-) :il!JlUfEilU!J'bplu llu6q!J1U [llU'bmQ !)m~mLI'b lqnnru ~ ~lqLim~ !J~ifLimZ ~LIQ!J!JlUfdlul>~mtnm~
Obll~WJWQObt qbrtWill{bulllw~wO <li'IW~wOmpJwO tlb2 hwtSwtuw~ft qnll- ranOg pwi'}Wilf1ft!Obp(! OntjO pwoft Rbllw4w0w4w(i 111WilW0labll0 bO ~w'll -
6wow~w0 llb~-bp4m flWil~ijw6~0bllft 6wqr1ttl[!: UJu~bu' «flmpftqnOO pWilPWDWJftO La 4w'tl tL lflntuwnJWL hwtlwqnJ1(ibll0 nL hwtlw(izw0w40bll[!:
w0g01It~ flWil~l{wbj?[! bwqbL t ZnLil51 2000 111Wilft WllW2 I"'111WlftWJnLtl, UJ&JUibU' qbi'}Will{bUI11W4WO cww4w0mpjWO tlb2 hwtSwtu qmqwhbnw-
bllP 1nLLftnu 'llbUWil[!. hw~wnw4 UbOwlllft 4wtlJ?ft, flll qnll.Qmt wOgOnLtl t pWil Qllllb bO wbl{mtl KQlnL/UD Jnlf/.b[ll, •QJ.nL/UiJ JnLIJ ,euli[ll, KQ[nL/Uf!
flmpft~nO qbl11[!, nllntl La u4ftqp t r)0nLtl .QWflW.Qwgftw4wO ~wlllblluiqllft' KJ}UJfiD UIUJ[», KQI.nL/UD .ewflnl/t! UIUJ[», •wf1JnL0p wwo woOIJ[11I.a «WfiJnL-
UbOw111f1 La 1nLtftnu 4buwllft tlf12la, nllft hb111law~J?nl{ 'llbuWil[! qllwtlmtl t On tU/RUf10 woOIJ[» La OllwO pwqtlwpftl{ t11WilPbllw40bll, OllO(iR nllnzw4ft
1nntln: flntpf14n0 qbU'IO wOgObtnL WJr) J?WJU! llft111l{bt t OllUjbu hwOr)mqO ntSw4w0, bllw(iqwJft0 UlWilPbllw~nLil0bll 4Wilnrt b(i Wf1111WhWjUlbt: dw-
WllWii.Q La Ozw(iw4bt t «hwtlwll~w4. ~!Snw~wo. wOI'j.WnOwt~ J?WJL 4wl11w- tlwOw~W~ftg CWW4W0 hwjbllb0mtl «tnbt» pwnft fttlwulll(i Wllt11WhWJ111b-
llbt' pnLJLWI111lliLftnLPJWO uwhtlwfiO wOgObtm!»: Kl/J!/Iubu;wO QWfllW- LOL hwtlWil 4Wil01'\ bO ql110l{bt pwqtlwpftl{ I'JWil~l{WbR0bll, Olln(ij? POLOil0
U/Ulflll llWilOl{wOJ?(! OzwOw~mtl t PnLJL. tungbLft 111bq: UJu llWil~l{wb.Qft w- tL UjWUl~bllwtlnll WllUlWhWJLilnLPJnt00bll b(i, ftO!Ujbu' p/Jf1UJ0ft0 qUJUj
nw2wgtlwO hfttlJ?mtl [!04w6 t hbllllaJWL wnwu~bl[!. Ue/lubun hftO hmOw- qOII[, pbf1UJ0p /tWlJIGL. OuUIIJ[, [IIqmO U/WllltD qOIJ[, [bqnLO bwqp qnfubf
i{wO q.ftgwpwOmp;wO wlliJOwewP b wlliJOwnu:/IJfJ. hiJ{InuOIJflftg 1{1: vf1UJ jQnbh4.). [bqmO t/lnfiD RUJlb[, [/:iqmO t/7nf10 pOqOb[, [/JqnLO ltutiiJL.[/:iqmO
ilWJfiD • tfm/bfl/1 wuUiqwtfmh/1 /iJ/JUiftun, /1!1 nf1fJ17L0 wlijungiJL/1 fJ.UJ{1c1fiiJ[m qm{lt/IJL. [bqmO pmOn qOIJ[, dw;On t/7nfln qgb[, dw.tfin tftnf10 nOqOiiL La
OlJIWUIUJqnt/ [nf/.wgOmll l UUI/Ieu umflp QIIUinul, b U.eftu/Juft wllpnfJ.p WJL0, OJ1n(igftg JnLilW9W0lJnLil[! tlft Oll02W4ft, JnLilWhWUlOL4 l{bJ1Wpbf1-
ilw{lil/IOn fJ.UJOOmlll wOjungiJ[/1. pwgft QUJfllWU/Wflftg, n{lftg poOIJ[ /f11lw;- tlnL0g t Wlli11WhWJUlnLtl tunuj?fl WI1WJ14WJft 04WI111lwtlp;
f1D· b w;O umf1p pf1nt/ Jlfl pf1pt/IJJ.' UJulJiftunt/, QUJf12WlJIWf1/J qwoOmllt U- 'lwll~l{wb,QWJftO 111WilPbf1w40bll ~WilOI'\ bO rW111tlbt Owla cww4w0,
e/lubuftllftwq jungb[/1111Uf/.D. n{1UIIi!Jftg b Ow llwhwgm t//1{1Wt/n{1t/nul t tunuw4gw4w(i, WlllabtwhwJbllbO La WlllatlmwhwJbllb(i, bf1pbtl0 (iwla' W2-
'TJUJflftuft 0/iUint/ m llwhwOnul: tuwllhWPWil-qr1WpWil U1WilPbllW40bll[!, ft0!Ujbu'wf1p juwqwgOnql.a Wflp
K'1/flnltf1nLUtnlmJWO llwh/Uf» 111'11l4tlwb.Q[! limJO~bc.~bwqtiL t hft(i hm- UjUJ{I wonq, WJe/i{l/10 t/ln;ft t/71/J[I.a W/RUfl/10 pnq t/7ili[, QJ./U/1 qg/J[, QJ./U/1
0~ rVlgWJ!~JnL.Iijlg, UUUl Ol'l,. W~~Ul4 'llnt~ 1Ww4w- dq/J[, w111wilOIJfln q111f1bL La wqowOiifiD ftmfiiJL, fu/JLJ!ftg !J11lf1U, lluwftg
tft0 til Ujwn4bg0mtl fll1 tlmn blfni'\ObllftO. llrt tlwhtSw4WJ119 ~pfibllft J1lllf1U, fuiJLRD U/WDqli[ La fuiiLJJnul lJIWoqb[, UJU111t/w6 pOq p/Jq La wuU1-
nmJ?bnn 41111lnttl til. ftu4 ~wlltSbllft OI11J?bll[! ~qmtl tlwhtSw~WLft !Wlfl t/wtf ,p/Jq h/JU71.a WJLO:
flWil00btm hwtlwll: "lntft~btlnOft llw4w0m00 til "llln~llmumbu, Oil hm- 4w0 Owla pnLO hntlwOftz r)WJ16l{w6J?Obll, nllnOg OnLJO 4wtlllnm ft-
Owf1b0 OzwOw~mtl t «UlW(i2WI'IWil»: UJu flWil~l{wb.Q[! qnra6w6almft t Wll- tlwull10bf1 mObO, PWJQ 4Wil01'\ bO 111WilPbf1l{bt n1Sw4w0 111WilPbll. 4ft-
111WhwJUlbtm hwtlWfl WJ0\.4ftuft twlftwOftz, npftO pnOft ~1.4n1t. ~wfl llWDnLpjm0(ibf1nl{ la Wll111WhWJI11!W4W0 01lpbf1. .q0bllOtl nL UWU111-
~nlpjwtlp, ft0tl4bu' OWLD lJIWqwu- bmtfn pw""Uift: omen Ujwqwu, qw-
f1Wpwll bOPWil~nLtl bO tlbljft(i t4wtl clf1 pwfift: UJUUjftuft.Q bO Owla•
PwpiJ[nO;wO UJlii1UJf1WqUJ2/10mp;m0- tuttu111 tuwn0w4 tlfttSult U//IU tftwjuw6- pnqftg tftwjuwtf- qWU/D qU7f1t/UJtf, QLnL/U bob[ - p/Jf1w0
OOII[ - t/ftq tfo/J[ - qnqn{lf} paOli[ La wnO: Uft tumtlp r)WilOl{wbj?WJftO
Snfl/libuwO fJWUIUJf1ltnLPJm0 - wOor) 111WilwbnLpJnL0, lflnjw.upbllw-
tlftwtlnllObll ftllbOg hOumOWJftO, pwnWJftO ~wqtlnl{, pwnwJftO pwqw-
pwll' 111bq, nLil nt tlft tw4w0 pwO, ntft(i!t4w:
l!J/QJUJO JJJ,jzJtm - w 0Uj bU'I.Q pw0bJlll'l Lbgmli 111bq, tuw 11 OwljlOpn ll n1
'll'lft!Obllntl pwgwllOW~WUjbu OmjOO bO, pWJQ Wf1111WhWJLI1Wb ftllwum-
(ibf1nl{ UlWilPbll bO La r)fttlll{mll bO ftpf1la L11WilPbf1 r)Wil0l{w6RWJft0 tlftw-
PWilO}lpnlltt tlj1tiw4: l{nll(ibll: UJUUjbu' lfdliD.R UIUJ[» r)WilOl{wbJ?[! 4wf10I'\ t m(ib(iwL.
=mdti{1wftarliDfii!M- zwUl PWJl~ll. OllrMWLft9 6ft6wrt. Ollt1jfnrf1{j 04w-
w) tlb~ft(i r)ftuubL, ObqwgObt. tlOwubt, futbL, JnLilWQObt,
nut<lllnt.tl t 1nllbllOU[! «f"Lftw4w0nLil»: . p) oqObt. uw111wf1b( ft OzwO pwllb4wllmpJw0, hwzmmpJwO Obn-
Sf1n}wqw0 dft- pw.Qgtlwb tl111wiiq [!(ibwJft 111buRntl:
121:! ubqtlbt, PWillabt,
'TJ[wumOwqwO uli{l- tlf\.bWLW4w(i, n! .11ftqll4w4w0 ubll:
q) ~bn0111nL, zwhwtlblll Lft0bt.lflnfuwrpuf10 hwtlwOwjOnLPJWO qwt:
Sbuw~wO mumtlOwuf11lnLpJm0fJbll[! untlnllWPWil wnwO&iwgOmtl
4wtl' KQJ./Unt/ UJ0g0/i[11 r)Wil0l{w0j?[! 4Wil01'\ t Wf11J1WhWJUlb(llU7UJ·
bO Owla hntlwOftz, hwtlwOmO ~· hw4w(iftz 'lWil~tlw6J?Obf1[!: UntlnllWPWil 6/J[, Of1UJQIIIJ[, pwfJ.dUJ[, U7UfJ.W[, gwOqwOw[, lJIWU7whiJ[, hwOq.ftlJibL La
llWilOtlwbJ?WJftO UlWilPbllw~Obll bO hwtlWilnttl OnLJO fttlwUI11[! La PWI'\Wil- WJLO: h.JnuJ?ftO nllnzw4.ft bllwOqwl{nllntll bO hwqnllr)nLtl Owla hw4w0ft2
rif1!.Ubf1ft tlftla0mj0, hwUUlWI110L0 l{wqll ntlibgnl'} WJ(i flWil~lfwb,QObll[!, n- r)Wil~tlwbJ?Obll[! La hftll0w4w0mtl pwJw4wO, tlwuwllp Owla' w6w4w(iw-
209
208
-
pwnqllw(inLpJw(i llb2 ~w(i ll~ 2WI1R utuwLQbn. (inLJ(i~u~· qwllb2Lnw-
~w(i wntnwhwJLnnLPJmOObn. ~(i!~~u· Kl.Jw_ hwJhnJmd tp wqnpq.bnOo
(pyraA), - wuwg qm[ll7m{lli/1ltD» l1 wn~:
'lw11~Ltw6,g0bl1~ pwnqllw(impJwll d"wllw(iw~ tu~uLn ~wnllnn t
onw(ig pwf1.WI'J.I1~1(ibn~ ~llwutnwJ~(i l1 2wnwhJnLuw~.w(i hwnwpbnnLp-
JnL(i{ibf'~ bll.w(iw~[!, WJU~(j_g(i' [!ULn ~llWULnWJ~(j ll~W~nLLnLPJW(i, [!ULn
wJ(i hwtn~w(i~20bn~. nnn(ig h~llw(i Ltnw unLtnnwpwn ~wLnwf'l{nLil t
llW11~Ltw6,gQbn~ qwuw~wnqnLil[! (ubntnwtSntll, ll~wu(inLpJnt(i, ~w
tqw~gmpJm(i), _gw(i~ n11 (j2l{w6 tullpb!l~ llb2 lltn(infl JnL!1W,RW(i!jnLI1
llW11~Ltw6,RWJ~(i ll~wl{nn m(i~ ~11 pwnqllw(ibL~nLpJw(i wow(i~{iw-
hwtn~mpJmOObno: ·
Unl{nnwpwn qwn~Ltw6,gQbn~ pwnqllw(impJw(i ctwllw(iw~ tnwnpb-
nw~nLil bQ b!lb.R
h~ll(iw~w(j bll.wQw~. hwdwpdbp (UJq.bql/UJll1) pU1{1Q-
dw0mpjnlli, q.wpdqwapWJ/lli hwdWIJ/Uilf7UJU/UUJiimpJmO l1 liqUJ{lUJQflUJ-
qwli pwpqdwOmpjmO: P(iw~w(i t. nn llbn ~u~ llwtn(iw(i2w6 WDW2~(j
fullp~· qwn~l{w6,gwJ~(i ubntnwtSilw(i llb2 lltnOnll. qwn~Ltw6,g(ibl1[! hw-
llwn<tb,g ~wll pwowg~ pwnqllw(impJm(i !b(i ~wnn11. nL(ib(iwt, ~(i!~bu'
UJI,PfJ. [nljU, UJJ,P/lg otiqOb[, bpbu li7UI[, UIJJ?/1 t/lnll, IJ.flL{lU li7UI[, fJ.nl{lU
oliliPbf, hmUI li7UJf, fubJ.P/10 t/ltbL l1 wnQ. unw(i,g unl{nnwpwn omubnb-
CtnLil~wll nnllt llb~ WJL Lbql{mll pwnqllw(il{mll b(i (j~wnwqnw~w(i bflW-
(iw~nl{, hwtSwtu {imJ(i~u~ n! pb pwow~w~w~gmpjwllp, WJL fl.llW(j hw-
llwn<tb,g llb~ pwonl{ (~(i!~bu' no3gpClJWUilb, pa36aAoBCllllb l1 wnQ):
umJO ~wtntSwowpw(impJwllp omubnb(i~ (illwQon~(iw~ ~womgl{w6,g~
pwnw~w~w~gmpJm(i(ib!l[! hwJb!lb(inLil !m(ib(i hwllwn<tb,g pwnqllw-
(impJm(i(ibn. ~O!~bu' IllapaUlKUHa xownopa, co6aKy C'beA l1 wn(i:
'-lw qwn~Ltw6,gQbn~ ll~ tumllp, nnn(ig pwf1.WI'J.I1~!(ibn~ ubflLnW-
tSmllo tnllJWL qb~,gmll wJ(i_gw(i tL w~(ihwJLn !t. muLn~ l1 I'J.Ilw(i,g hb2-
LnnLpJwllp ~wn.nll. b(i pwnwg~ ~wll hwllwn<tb,g pwnqllw(impJm(iQbn
m(ib(iWL, ~(j!~bu' dmq m qUJll7nl /UUJfJU/[ - urplllii.h B KOWKU-
MblWKU, UIJI? awqb[ - KOAU111b rAa3a, dUJll7fih{10 [/lqb[- naAb'lU~U
o6AU3al11b, dwqpg qwful/UJO [/10b[ - BUCel11b HU BOAOCKe, Q[nl/UO
qnpglib[- mepRmb roAoBy, [mli mqll7 lfrOb[- cgeACllllb u3 Myxu
CAOHa h wn(i: ~WI1~l{w6_g(ibl1~ qqWL~ llWU[! LnW!1Pbl1 Lbqm(ibnmll
pwnqllw(il{mll t ll~WJ(j Qnw(ig W!1LnWhWJLnW6 ~llwutn(ib!lnl{, pWJQ
tnwnpbn pwnwJ~(i pwll.WI'J.I1~1(ibnnLt. nnn(i,g tS~2Ln l1 tS~2Ln {imJ(i ~
llwutn(i b(i wntnwhWJLnmll: Uju~bu' ll~ wnwn~wj~. tnwnw6,g~ llnLn~~
L~(ibLm hw(iqwllw(i,g[! hwJbnb(imll hwtSwtu Qbn~wJwgl{mll t KJ?P/1
ll7wq» fl.W11~Ltw6,gnl{, ~u~ wub(i_g nmubnb(imll WJ(i Qbn~wJwgl{mll t
211
W{ljnlU[J WUJD{I[J qnfub[ • qwqwqb[, QW}{IWUW[
pnLnnmt~a wn pwnw~wlqw~gm~Jwllp' qJyKou nogCl!IIb» 1£ wnO: [01]/IU tJIWU70t/b[- UWUU7/IIj t/w/UDUW[
l"o(j!L4bU W(ll}b(j [jztlbL t, llW(ll~h{wogQb(l~ tt\Utlntt\r! ~Wlq~WO t U/1{1!.11[J lWfldD[ - hmqD[, /Uf]ffWhW{Inl/}jnlU WOWp pbflb[
lll~WL dnqn~nlltl 4bQgwqp, um!nnmJ~Qbn~. 4wngmpwng~, unwag JlWfi!J t/lblftU pwt/lb[ - hwtinqt/D[, hwtiwdw;ut/D[
lllllwObLw~b!ll4~ hblll, mulll~ 1£ ~wa llW(l6~wogQb(l, nnnQg qmlll wq- q) p0nL~jW0 b(lilnLj~Ob(l~ (j~W(lWQ(lnL~JnLO~g WI2W2WQWO I}W(lll-
qwJ~(j pQmJ~ bQ ~nmll 1£ lllbqwJQwg~mll bQ: UJUlqbu' hwJb(lbQmll ~wo0b(l
2Wlll lllW(lWO~w~ tKWUU1WO quw[, t/7WJU1!J (gw/UtJ) hDU7!J U1WUb[.» ~wOw!-~W(lll~(l ~Wl4bL- O~wowObL, OzwfibL, wllnLUOwgObL
WplllWhWjlllnt~Jfttfi-I}Wjl6l{wOg[J, n(l [jzw[jw~mll t' tift U7Df] QUW[nlg Pflft b{IDU!J pwfldfiUJUW[ - pwgwhw;U7t/b[, bflb.wO qw[
i/II!WfiDLft IIDU7D U1WUb[ w;u, ftuJftg U7l/}W[ 1J.DUf.P"U1lWU1 qw: PWJQ JlWti/1 wub[- umU1 /llnUD[, IJIWfiUDUW[, t/libL
WhW 12nLUb(lbQnul WJU Qmj(j ~llWUUl[J WjllllWhWjlll~nLll t ((eXamb B JlWti/1 ljm[ tnW[ - wuqn{IU [/IUD[, tJIW{IWU/ dwtiwuwq wugqwgub[
TyAy CO CBOUM CUMOBQpOM» lqWUl~b(lW~n(l WUWQl{WOgnl{: Wflb.[J tiWjfl tiU7UD[ - tiwhwUW[
Uazmzlll, QllwQ llbl49b!lmll tu~ulll ~wnilnn t Ulb11.Jw~ L~QbL WJ'l ll) Q~lllnL~jWO lllW(lpb(l pQwqw~wnQb(lnlll WI2W2WQWO I}W(lli-
dnqn~(lll~ Wlq(lbLW~b!ll4~(j, .~bQgwq~(j m un~n(lnLJ~Qb(l~Q, wnw1.4bu ~wog0b(l.
hwuf1wqj1ll1wflwuo» (13 hwll1nf1nt/), ~u4 llwuOwLtnn hwOnwq~Ulw pwnbp[!, mrtrtwqpw4w0-mrtrtwtunuw4w0 pwnwnwOObn[! unLtnnw-
nwOObno Ll.bnwpbnmll bO 4JW09~ 4wll q~UlnLpJwO nnl.tt pOwqwLtwn~O pwn ~wnm0w4mll b[j UllUWL LbqLl.~ nnl.tt 2112W0~ pWilW~W2Wil[!' JnL·
l.t ~WUl4bnmll b(i ll~WJO WJ'l OLOilUl~ ~llnrtnLPJnL00bll[!: 'lnwOg~g b[j' llW9W0!JnLil pwn~ [!0!lm0Ll.w0 nLrtll.WqllnLPJWilp, ~[j!~bu Owl.t qnw-
«Pdzqwqwu ilbq hWUfiWQflt17WfiWUO», «(/)/1[/1Unt/1WJWqWU pWOWfiW- ~w[j LbqLl.~O hWUlm4 WllUlWUW0w4w0 Ol.tbnnLl. l.t 4n!Ll.W0 bQ O~wuUlb
UOll, «!Jwqilwqwu 117bflilfruubf1/1 pwnwflwuo», «Sull1buwq/1ll1wqwu LnL pwOwLtnp tunu9~ ll2w4mJp~ qwpqwgllwO[!:
UIOflilfruubfl/1 PWI1Wf1WUO», =tn. UISwlljWO~ «=iwjng wuduwumuullfl/1 UnwLl.bL qnnOOw4wO D2w0w4mpJmO mObO pwnqllw0w4w0 pw-
pwnwf1wuo», liJ. =iwqnpJwufr, =i. Pwflub!]Jwufr, Ut11. IJbL/112-PwfuzJwufr nwnwOObnD OUlWil LbqmObn~ JmnwgllwO qnnOmll. L~Omll bO bn4-
pwqilwhwtnnfl «=iWJWUt11wufr!J hwflwqfrg 1fiPWUUbflfr t17Df]Wumuubflfr LbqL!JwO l.t pwqllwLbqL!JwO:
hWUflwqfrtnwqwu pWOWfiWUO» lt WJL0: ~WJ pwnwpwOwqpmpjnLO[! pwqllwflWPJWO ~WUlllnLpjmO mO~ l.t
u4qpOwLtnnLl.mll t ll~2~0 llWilbpmll:
PUuUU~rU~Uu(~UULb~~UPUuU~Uu)PUnUrUuubr 1621 p. U~Lw0mll LnLJU t UlbuOmll !b!lWO!bu4n rl~Ll.nLWJ~ «=iWJO-
fiDU-[Iilt11/1UbflbU pwnWfiWUO», nnO ~11 llb2 ~wnm0w4mll t 2nLI12
UJu 4wnq~ pwnwnwOObnmll UlllLl.mll bO pwnbn~ 4wll flWI10Ll.w09- 18 500 pwn l.t pwnw4w~w4gmpjmu, ~u4 WJOmhbUllt 1714 p. ~nn
0bn~ pwgwUlllnLPJnLO[!, ~llwuUlwJ~O hwllw~wUlwutuwOmpJmDo.
llmll hpwUlwnw4Ll.mll t ~w4np '-!~unll~ «Pwnqfrf112 hwjqwqwu
UUlmqwpwOmpJmO[!, mrtrtwqpmpjnLO[! l.t 4wll OpwOg pwpqllwOmpJm-
[bqm/1» pwnwnwO[!' 26000 pwnwhnflLl.wOnLt:
Oo: C!uUl WJflll tL DnwD9 L~Dmll bO ll~wLbqL!JwO l.t pwnqllwOw~wO:
214
215
=iwJ pwnwnwOwqnntpJntO[! Onn ll.bnbLR t WU41"1nt~ hwUl~wt14bu ti"l1 hwjng Lbqll.~ wllp~nG~ 2W0Rbpnll. ~wqllll.bL L. hpwLnwpw-
18-f11lllWf1~ 2-l"'ll ~bubnbO~. 1749 p. LnLJU t 111buOm~ Utu~PWI"' Ubpwu- ~nLJJJWO t ObpllwJwgll.bL «=lwJnQ Lbqll.~ pwgwmpw~wO Onp pwowpw-
lllwgm ~Pwnqftf1D hwjqwQJwli [bqif/1.. pwnwnwO[!, "I"'C! q~111w~wO 0[!», np[! pwgwn~~ t OwL. OpwGnll., np ~1'1 ~b2 ~wpmGw~mll t wpL.b·
u~qpmORObnnll. ~wq~ll.w6 h~O hwJbntn~· qnwpwn~ wnw2~0 pw- LWhWJ L. wpL.IlLnwhwJ qpw~wO LbqntObp~ ZnLP2 250 000 pwn L.llWPb-
gwmpw~wo pwnwpwOO t. WJO pwq~wgw6 t tn~m hwUlnp~g L. ~P ll.w6wpwOw~wO ll~wll.np:
~b2 U4WPntGw~m~ t 2nLI"'2 40000 pwn L. pwnw~WU4W~QntpJm0: Pw- =twJ pwnwpwOwqpmpjntO[! Onp pwlJ'I t UlnWQbL hwLn~Wt14bu
gwn~~ wpdbR mO~ «unp hwJ~WqJwO pwnwpwO[!», nn[! LnLJU t UlbUbL ll.b112~0 mwp~Obp~C: LntJU bO 111bubL pwq~wp~ll. pwgwlllpw~wO, tbq-
1836-37 pll.w4w0Gbp~G ;.tb£ibm~4nur qwpn~bL Uijbtn~RJWO~. tuw!w- ll.wpw(iw~w£i, pwpq~wOw~wO L. ~wu0wq~Lnw~w£i pwowpwOObp:
Ulntl"' Ujntpllbuw£i~. U~pln~! Uijqbi"'JWG~ hbq~Gw~nlpjwtlp L. ~11 ~bp 'l{lw£ig~g b(i U. UntR~WUJWO~ «=tn~wO~zObp~ pwnwpwO[!», np[!
[!fi'lqp~nUJ t znLp~ 55000 pwnwiln'lli.WO: unp hWj~WqJW£i pWDWpW£i[! L"LJU t 111bubL 1966 p4_w~wG~O. WJO U4WPnt£iw~ntll t 83000 hnllw£i~z
Cizll.w6 hbq~£iw~Obp~ 50 mwpll.w 111w£ipwl~Q m mwdw£iw~~l"' wztuw- pwn L. llWP0ll.w6wl-!wOw~w£i ~~wll.np L. wt14w· 2003 pll.w~wo~o· 120
UlW£iR~ Wl11lJnLGR£i t: qpwpwp~ pwnwpw[j(ibp~g t OwL. n. 'lwqwpjw- 000, U. UntR~WUJWO~ L. U. qWLULnJWO~ «=IWJng Lbqll.~ llWpllijw6wpw-
(j~ «qnwpwp~ pwnwnw£i[!» • bp~m hwumpnll., np£i [!Gilqp~m~ t zmpp Ow~wO pwnwpwG[!» (1975 p. 20 000 llWPOll.w6RWJ~O ll~wll.np), =t.
50 000 pwnwhnllll.w6: Pwpub11Jw0~ «=!wJbpbuO mqqwqpw~wO-ntllllWtunuw~wO, lnbpll~
OwpwOw~wG pwnwpwO» (1973 p.) 152 000 pwn, =t. ~bLnpnUJWO L. nt-
U~5!~£i hwjbpb£i~ pwnwllpbllRC! w~tftntflll.w6 t fl. 'lwqwpJw£i~ L.
P~2· c:lbqll.wpwOw~wO pwnwpwO[! (1975p.), t11. SppwzJwO~ L. =t.
=t Ull.bm~UJW£i~ «11~2~£i hwjbpbD~ pwnwpw£inL~» zntp2 30 000 pwn
Uwtu!WOJWG~ qnw~wOwq~111w~wO pwnwpwO[! (1972, 1980 p.p.
m llW110ll.w6wpw£iw~w£i ~~wijnp:
ZnLPS! 500 Lnbpll~O L. hwu~wgmpjntG), rl.UWRW~bLnnjwO~ «UpL.~Lnw
Uzfuwphwpwp~ wnw2~£i pwnwpw£i£ibn~g t U~llnti qwpw~wlSJw
hwjbpbO - wnL.bLWhWjbpbO nL'lllWfunuw~wO pwgw111pw~w0 pwnw-
(i~ «\mp pwnq~pp hwjbpb(i tbqnt.~» pwnwpw1i[!, 11f1Ii u.mw2~fi w£iqwll
pw0» (2000p. 16000 pwn L. llWP0ll.w6wj~0 ~~wll.np) L. ~~ zwpp llwu-
hpwUlwpw~\{bL t 1892 p. • 30 000 pwnwhnll\IWOnll., WJCi nt2WQ.pwq t (iwq~LnW~WO (LnOlllbuwq~lllw~wG, tfl~L~untflwJW~wO, llwpqw~wO L.
GpwOnll., np ~1'1 llb2 Obpwnlimll t GwL. qpw~w(i wpL.IlLnwhwjtipbli~ wnO), lllbp~~OwpwOw~wo pwnwpwGubn:
pwnw~pbpR[!, ~(i!~bu OwL. pwqllwp~l{ £inpwpw0ntpjnt£i£ibp nt mbp- =twUl~WU4bU LWJO Owll.wL bO u111wgbL ntl'l.llWqpw~wG, Onpwpw·
ll~£i£ibp· hwuwpw[fw~w£i ~wUi!~ utwppbp "L"11Ul£ibp~ llb!1wplqtJW(: 0nLpjnt00bp~ L. pwnqllw0w~w0 pwnwnwOwqpntpjWO wzfuWLnWOR-
Uztuwphwpwp~ wnwp~fi L. w~pn112w~w£i pwnwpw£i[! Um. UwL- (ibl"'[!: 1~zWU1W~nlpJWG wpdwO~ bO U. UntQ~WUJWO~ L. P.. UntR~Wu
tuwuJwCi~ RWnwhwLnnp K~WJbpbli pwgUJIIIpwqwli pwnwpwUli» t, np JW£i~ «Upll~ hwjbpbO~ nL11.11.Wqpw~wO- llL.w~wqllw~wO pwnwpl.uO[!»
LnLJU t LnbubL 1944-45 pll.w~w£iDbp~£i L. tl4W11nt£iw~mll t hwjng tbqll.~ (2002p. 76 000 pwnwJ~(i ll~wijnp), U. tLnJwO~ «unpwpwGntpJntOObp~
P"L"Il ll11UL.npmll£ibp[!' qpwpwp~. ll~2~Ci hwJbpbu~. pwppwoflbp~. pwnwpwli» (2000p., 150 000 pwn), Cl>. Ubjp~fuwQjwO~ linpwpwGmp-
Ql1Wl,w£i wpL.bLwhwjbpbO~ t. wpL.IllllwhwJbpbQ~ llrMII 120 000 pwn L. JntliObp~ L. Onp mqqwqpw~wli pwnwpwOQbp[!, ~li!t14bu OwL.~~ zwpQ
llWPllll.w6RWI~U llflwll.np: WJL• llt14Pngw~wlj ntqqwqpw~w0, p~QWUlpW~wO pwowpw(i(ibp:
~WJWULnWO~ QUU Lbqll.~ ~OuLn~LnnLLn~ 2W£iRbpnll. [fwq~llbt tRW- =twJ pwnwpwOwqpnLJJJnLli[! hwpu111wgbL t GwL. nntubpbli~g.
w0qLbpb0~g, ~pwOubpbO~g, qbpllwObpbQ~g, ~UUjWObnbQ~g, U4WPU·
nwhwU1np «dwllw£iw~w~~g hwjng Lbqll.~ pwnwpw£i[!», np hpwLnw-
~bpbO~g. wpwpbpbli~g. pmpQbpbO~g. ~pwgbpbli~g hwJbpbO L. hw-
pw~ll.bL t 1969-1981 pijw~wGObp~O L. U4Wpnt0w~m~ t Wf'lll~ hwjbpbO
~wow~[!' hwjlipbO~g 024w0 Lbqnt0bpn4 ~wlllwpll.w6 pwqllwp~ll.
qpw~wO Lbql{~ wll.bL~ RWO 120 000 pwn L. llWJ10ll.w6RWJ~0 ll~wl{nn:
pwpq~wOw~wli pwnwpwliObpnij:
ntzwqpw&t L. wpctbRW\{np t til. U11.WJW0~ «UP'l~ hWjbpbfltJ pw-
uzbliQ llPW0g~g ~~ QW0~U[!.
QWU1f1W~w0 pwnwnwO[!», np[! LnLJU t LnbubL 1976 p. L. ~WJ1nt0w~ntll
flntu-hwjbpbO L. hwj-nmubpbli.
t llnUl 136 000 pwn L. 11 000 llWf1&{w6wpwuw~w[j ll~wll.np:
216
217
1. =t 'lwiJ.PWZJWii~ «l~w4wmwn nnLu-hwJbpbfi pwnwpwOo» JWfi ll mn~zObp' «qbpllwfilipbu-hwJbnbG pwnwpwfi» (2003 p, 40 000
(IO~~LI1U 1908 p.), nn L4Wf1f1Lfiw4nul t llnt.n 125000 pwn, fimJO~ «l~w- pwn). fl. Oq.wfif'lllwJ~ «ql;inllwlilinbfi-hwJbntru f'Jtlw-twpwtiw~wu pw-
4W111Wf1 hWJ-IlnLUbpbO I!WilW(1Wfi[!» (IO~~l~U, 1911 p.) [!UI').qp4nul t owpwO» (2002 p.)' 5000 pwu, '-1. UW(HlUJWll~ ~:t"u1.4wUI:ipbD-hwtb.flbO»
llmn 70 000 pwn: (2004 p.• 40 000 pwnwhfll1.4.wonq) u«Pwu4bpbu -hWJbpblht (2004 fi.,
2. fa. U~b4Jwfi~. "'l. Unt.n0~4Jw0~. b. Sbp-U~fiWUJWD~. ~. 20 000 pwowhnqqwo), U. qwUL4WPJW£i~ «=iwJbpb6-~pwOubpb£i pw-
(J)nplljwO~ 4Cflmu-hwjbpb£i Cinp PWI1Wf1WU[J», (1935 p., UfWI'lnLUW4nui nwpwO[!» (2003 p. 30 000 pum). 4. \muLnw£iJI!Ifitt «fantpgtlflb&-hwJb-
t dnt.n 80000 pwn m Wf1lnWhWJlnnLPJnL0): f1b0 J!WOW(1W0[!» (2003 p.), npU [!U~nLil t 20(.')()()...pg wttttp paiD ll
3. b. Sbp-Uflfiwujw0f1, '-1.. <Dnpbjwlifl pwnwhwlllnr. «flntu-hwJb- pwnw4WL4W4gmpJnLii, R. '\.t:uqWfi:JWfitl c9mNJbnbri-hw.rbpbO pwnw-
pbli pamwpwOo (bnL.wD, 1954-1958 p.p., ~wnmOw4nul t llnlll 100 nwDQ» (2003 p., ZnLflf 27 000 pwo ~ J!WilW~Wl4W4QMLJijOt[i):
000 J!Utft):
4. b. U. 'Uuf'tlpJWifl «flmu-hwJitf*i J!WUUJflruCi[J» (1968 p. L4W- =if". U6U0.3Uu~ PUO.UI"UuUQI'!f"'
pnLiiwl.fMil t ._ 100 000 pwn):
5. "flnu•-••tr.pbO !lWP~4.wowpwOw4wCi pwnwpwO[!» ( 1978 p., =in. UliwoJwfin nt ll~w,U U1UJll.W01').W4.nn hWJWqbiil t, pwqllwqwu-
L4WrtDlDw4nLil t 11mubpbO~ znL(l2 5600 !lW11~4_WOR u 1600 UlWppb- mw4 LbqqwpwO, WJl Ow~· tf.unnnw~WZWIIl pwnwpwOwqflp: ,wm4w-
pw4 m tflm.~nfuw4): L4bU nLzwqpwll_ t Onw «~(i pwowpwOo». l'tflf! J!WownllwLnOb-
6. 11. UpbruwG~ «flmu-hwJbpbO nwqllw4w0 pwnwpwOo» ra~ [!firl.q.p41lw(i ow4_wtn4_, pb~w0w4w0 flllWUU1Wpwfiw4w0, pwnw-
(tj1lltu6, 1'925 p.): 4Wqllw4w0, ummqwpwriw4w£i, uumLq.wpw£impJw0 l4WUlUnLPJWfi,
1. B. ~-~JWO~ «SDI1lbuwq~mw4w0 t.nbplll'tfiGbf'tr mtLI:I·I'tw- pwppwnwq~Lnw~wfi ll2w4numq L. hw6pwqjlmw4wu-llwufiwq.~mw4w0
jbpbi p~» (1964 p. tJmn 35 000 lnbpllflfi): WJLUWJL lnttlWL0bf1~ hwput.nnLpjwllp £i2w[iwlfwt~9 bpl&nLJP t n1 ll~WJO
~Ufliu Dwll' hWJ, WJLU hwllW2fuWphWj~Q pwowpw0wqf1nLPJW(i L4WUlllnLpjwQ llb2:
=t Uullwliqnt.uwD~ ll U. ~nqh~JIUlilt ell.f"qb~f'bfj «~WJbf1b(i~ wpllwLnw4wD pwowpw(i[!» Owfu LnLJU t mbubt 1935-
pwa.wpwD(!» (1924 p. ZnLf12 30 ), qp. UUI').f1DWUJW0~ «qbpdwObpbQ- 1936 p4_w4w00bp~0, WL4W4bl1l~L4. WIJ.IW bp4pnpq hf1WlnWf1W4mpjwdp'
hwjb'jfbO pwnwpwO[!» (1976 p. 40 000 pwn), ~. UpapmOnL «flmub- 1971-1980 pl{wl.lwODbp~o· 4 hwLnnpnq: UJU l4Wf1RL£iw4mll t 11 000 pw·
pbD-Lwtn~Dbpbfi-hwJbnbfi pdz4wq~mw4w0 111bpd~Oubp~ pwnwpwfio owpllwlll, nnnrig~g u111mqwptllfalwc) liu 5095 (4015-D LflnfuwnJwL),
(1956 p.), fl. t:tppwhwlljwO~ «"'lWhLW4.bnbD-L4WPU4bpbii-hWJbpbQ- !UtnnLqwpwDl{wo bO llOmd 368Q..!], L. 2221-0 tL hwllwn4.mll bfi wfiqwqbn:
nnu:abyrbft.w0qLI:ifMI0 pwnwpwfil!» (1965 p.), q_ 'LwLpWOI').JWfi~
~WJ pwowpwQwqpnLpJwfi llb2 Dnn bpL.mJp t ,p. U1lwDJWO~ h~Qq
«tt'hu~IIO-hlUJbpbO pwawpwfio- (1987 p., L4I.Uf1Ttl.fiwlfMI1 t 2nLf12
hw111npwOng «=iwJng wO~OwfimOObpp pwnwpwOn» (tnlawti, 1942-
30 000 .-). ra. 0~MctnL4JW0~ «POLJUbf1~ wCinLiiCibfl~ LWIIl~ObnbU-hw
1962 p.p.), nnO ~(l pGnLJpm{ h~wlfwti-tbq4_wpwDw4w0 t u ~(l
Jbllfi8-BAL...... J!UIIHilpUdi[]» (1962p.), fl. '\wqW(lJWfi~ «Pmuwfiru.{j-
Otlflfl hwJbnbG-LWIIlf\Obftbu-nntub{lbO-wCKu..bfbEi-~pwfiutil'bli-~ llb2 wllLfln~mll t 5-15-p!l l').wpbymul tnU;Jng q.pwqnn Wf'\J!JnLf10bf1mD
fibpbli pwawpwfi{J» (1981 p.) L. wxO: qnnowo4wo pnLnf1 wOMw0nL06bpff LRnnu::t;wpwCimpJwdp lfwll ow-
'ilp~D IIlwp~Qbp~u Gnp 4.bnbLP t WL4flnLd hwm4w1.4bu pwpqllw- q.nulnl{, 4bOuwqpw4wD t.n4JwtUbfln4. u hl:ilnwqw qnpow6nLpJWO
£iwl:fw£i pwnwpwOObf'it' umbl'f:Onttln: =tflzwlllw4nLpJwO Wfldw(jfl t llwmQwOzmllnq: PwnwpwDo L4Wf1q L4Wtnl!tlflwgrnll t tnWLPU WJU ~wll
hwm~bu. «=-iwJbntw-wficN.bpbO pw~» (L. ~Jwfi, b. Wjfi wD~fl "! U~WJO wOqwQ owq.dwfi, WJLla Uf1W m:( L~UbLnL !lwu~O.
bf1~ ~ mn~~bl'). npi [!(iltq.ralfm.\1 t SOOOU pu.nr L. J!WftWf4wutw4- pwgwhwJIIlnlll hwJng wO<!OwQmCil.ibp~ pOmjp[!, QnLJQ UlWL~u I').PWOg
gm.PfBI.r. (.bpL.LI;I(i, 2.002 p.), ~. Uud~ "U:. 'lift ,.t lfl'Lfitt qnpowompJwli hwnwtuw4w0mpjmun L. ppw4wD L4Wt.nllbf1[!: UJul4bu
·~bpliti·hwJbp&a p~...up ........,,... ,,.,..... t 1'.991 JM~tu op~liw~· UplUJQ wOMwDmO[] UIIlmqwpwDbL~U U'6WiljW£i[! Ozmll t. nn
~wfi~li (30 000 pLWl).. Sru.. Clwprtflbuwlift u nqapz. •Q.bpllwUlipbrrtwr WJO m(i~ L4Wf1U4W4~0 owqnu] L. Ozw0w4md t' ~I.Jppmq• L. WJU p-
jb(lbfi quumgw~udj PWilW~WUo·» (2000 p., 15 000 pwn). r. "'lbt.rlflnU- tlwuumq hwllWL4Wil1WUfuwfimll t tWIIl~Obpb(ijl IR'fJUC8 crt/lnJ111ftli
218 219
W(1p» wliOiiwli~Wii[!, np~g ll hblliWQ.WJnU] WllW2WQliL t Upzw~mli~
umMwlimli[!, ~wll Pwf1ubq pwno 6wq.mll t hmuwpbli~g u OzwOw~bL
t «pwq.wt/nf1» u WJOmhblllu lllWt~u t WJfl wlimlimt ~n~~wo wOOlipp
98 ~bQuwq.pmpJnLO[! u wnO: $It r-u Lt UL n~ra an tL
UztuwphwpwpJwO pwnwpwQubp~ llb2 wnwliOOwhwlllm~ Ulbll.
mli~ =tp. U6wnJwO~ «,WJbpbQ qwl{wrHlJ~wli pwnwpwOn. npn LnLJU t l.
4ilbpw~w0nLpJnLO[! tbqll~ WJO pwd~OQbp~g t, npQ nLUmllOwu~
Ulbubt 1912 p~w~wli~Q L. [!QI')qp~mll t 30 000-~g w~bL~ pwn m n6: JlnLll t tbqll~ ,pbpw~wQw~wQ ~wnmg~woeo· ~11 n112 l')fluunpmlllibpn~.
UJu pwnwfiwlinul Qbp~WJWgijwO bQ qmlll q.wl{wnw~wli WJO pwnbp[!, wplllwhwJillnLpJm(jubpnll m hwllw~wpq.n~ u, ~OI114bu Q~wLnlit t
npnO,p h~O llwi.Jlbliwq.pmpjwllp w~wlifl~WO IbQ ~wll, ~lii114bu hbq~ U. Upbll.JWO[!, ,pbflw~wOmpjwO UU4WIIIW~O t mumllQwu~pbt tbqll~
Qw~O t Ozmll, «4.lilitn.n~l;nul hnwtnwpw~L{wo «UnObnu pwnwpw- ~wqllmpJmU[!, WJO ll~2ngObp[!, npnlignll. tbqmn wpLnWhWJlllnL&l t
limll» I~WO»: llUl.P~ wnwp~wObp~ hwpwpbpnLJ:IJnLOiibp[!: ~bpw~wOmpjmOo' ~ppu
PwnwpwQ~ ~wpunp wpdwO~,pO LUJO t, np =tp. U6wnJwlin ~pbOg tbqijwpwQw~wO q.~111w~wpq., pwpl') hwllw~wpq. t. WJO tbqll~ ,pbpw-
h~llQwOun~ Obp~WJWQPbL t hwllWU4WlllwufuwO pwnwgwli~[!. llwlll- ~wuw~w(j ~wnmgll.wo,pQ mumllOwu~pmll t tnwppbfl wnnulQbpn~ m
OwOzbL Qpwug u' ~wnmg~wo,pn. u' q.npowOnLJ:IJWU lllbll.[!. u' ~llWUIII• Qtqwlllw~Obpn~· ~OI114bu 111buw~wu, WJUU4bu t.. qnpoOw~wO, t~Onui t
QbpiJ, tl~wdwllwOw~ ll~ zwp,p l')b~,pbpnLtl OzbL I')PWO,p QnLQWI'lll"I'L o- 04wpwq.pw~wQ, fll1411"Qw~w0-0npilwlll~ll. q~lllw~wO, hwllbllwLnw-
p~(jw~Obj1[!, pwg~ l')pwO~g· pwnwpwlinul Obp~WJWQ~bL bQ WJ0114~U~ ~wD, U.jwlllllw~w(j u At..w~wO-hwll[!OI')hwOmp: ~bpw~wOnLpjmOQ
pwnb(l, npnQ,p h~tl(jw~wQnul wztuwphwpwp~ pwnwtqwzwp~ pwq- mD~ bp~m pwd~a· AuwpwDnLpJnLD t.. zwpwhJnLunLpJnLD, npnQg~g
~wgmg~I llwu bQ ~wqllnul u ~wqmg ~ L{bp q.npowompJWO llb2 bQ Jmpw,pwDumpQ mO~ ~fl hbLnwqntnnLJ:IJWU ~O,pOmpmJO wnwp~wQ, ~11
llPllbL q.pw~wQ hwJbpbOnLll: u~qpmO,pQbpQ m llnlllbgnulObp[!, pwJg t.. WJOU.jbu, Opw09 ~pwp~g
~lllp4w6' tbO. lflntuwi')WflOwpwp LI1WQ0mll bO lltlllJwOg u hwlil')bu q.w-
L~U nptqbu ll~wuOw~wO m ~tlpnq2w~w(j mullnLO.P tbqll~ ,pbpw~w
Ow~wQ ~wnmgttwo,p~ llwu~Q:
220
221
Ouwpw(impJw(i munulfiwu~l1nLPJW(i WllWI1~w(i pwn(i t. WJUIIlbr].
pwll[f n11~bu ft.mUE~ llwu, E(i0mpjw0 t wn(il[nul ~11 LWJ(j lli1Uun11mll- gnl[, WJl Owu hOwpwl[nJ1, u~wubt~ llwuu~~~ J!Wgw~wjntpjwllp:
ub11nl[ U ~l10r].nLpjm(i(ibl1nl[: ullwO l)b~Rbl1mll [!U'lnt0l[wa t (j2bt. "119bi1W~w(iw~w(j ~llWUIIlU Wll·
~w11~ munulfiwu~l1nLPJWilp qpwr].~tnul b(i Qwu tbql[wpwQmpJw(i lllWhWJIIll[mll t pwgwuw~w(i ~wll q11n llunl[: Uju~bu' 6wnbp, m.uw-
lljmu pwd~(i(ib!l(!: UJu~bu' pwnwq~lllnLpJm(i(i mumll[iwu~11mll t OnqObp, llWfi!Jftlt pw11b11mll hnqOw~~ p~l[(j WI1UlWhWJIIll[bt t hwLnm~
llli!JwL tbql[~ pwnw~W2WI1[!. (i11w ~wlllllw~w(i qw11qwgmll[i m lfln- llub11nL1.' -bp, -Obp, -/lit llwuO~~(ibl1~ ll~2ngnl[, ~u~ bqw~~ pl.[~ ~llwUUl[!
ttJnfumpJmQ(ibi1!J, (i11w lluw~llwulllwJ~(j fullpbl1[!, pw11b11~ W!llllWhWJ· 6wo, nwwtinq, llwpq pw11b11~ llb2 WI1UlWhWJIIll[wa t w11wOg hwUlm~
UlWO ~n(i~pblll ~llwuUl(ibl1[!. W!lllJOE ~·(j! Wr].PJnLI1(ibl1~9 b(i 6wqbL llwuO~~(ib!l~. ~wll' h[iw11wl[n11 llwu(i~~Ob11~ pwgw~WJnLpJwllp, qpbgft,
'111WUE, p[ifl"~ bQ, pb" ttJntuwnJWL, Lbql[~ n"11 nlib11mll bQ qnp6w6l[nul qpbgftp, qpbg pwJbl1~ llb2 wOgJWL ~WU1Wf1JWL~ llbll9~ u pl.[~ Rbl1w~w
L. wnQ: Cwi1WhJmumpJnL(i[! pw11(i munumwu~11mll t ~PI114 tbql[~ zw- (iw~w(i ~llWUUl(ibl1(i WI1UlWhWJUll[nLil b(i -/1, ·/lpl[bi12Wl[nl1nLpjnL(i(ibp~
11WhJmuwlfw(i ll~wl[n11. 2WI1nLJp, (iwfuwllwUnLpJW(i w(ii'J.wll, ~wpqw ll~2ngnl[. ~u~ bl111"fl'l !lb~~mll' hOw11wl[np llwu0~4~ pwgw~WJmp
pwOmll t pwnb11~ ~w~w~gllw(i u Owfuwllwumpjm0(ibl1~ ~wnmgllw(i o
JWilp: 'LnLJO llunl[ Owu· "11"2JWL womllO WI1U1WhWJIIll[mll t u 0 llwu-
Ol1b(jE(jbl1(i nL OJ1~UWtwttJn'Lpjnt(i0bl1[!: ntSwq~UlnLpJWU hwllw11 0~4Qbl1nl[. ~(jt~bu' 6W11f!, bpbjuwti, wqpftftlJ, ~u~ wOn11n2 wnmllu WI1·
~W11un11[! u WllW2(jWJti(j[! pwo~ ~WUl~lipwl[nl11lW0, WI1111WhWJIIl!W·
U1WhWJIIll[nul t wnw(ig llwu(i~~(ibl1~· 6wn, bpbjuw, wqpftl;:
~w(i b11wGqwl[n11mllO t. WJUUlbr]. pwn(i mumll(iwu~I1LI.mll t OI1Ufbu qb- l"(it~bu O~wUlbL t U. UuwUlJ1JW0[!, «pwgwuw~w(i ~wll q11n llun
r].WI1l[buUlw~w(i UfWU14~ UUlbr],OOr], tbql[w~w(j ll~wl[n11: t;pb pWilW· 9bpw4wQw~wO ~llwuUl~ Wl111lWhWJUl~l t 'lWnOmll ll~wJ(i hwl1wpb-
q~lllnLpJWU munul0wU~11nLPJW(j hwtlw11 ~WJ1Un11[!, WllW20Wj~0[! f1W~~g llub11~ hwllw~w11qnul: UJu~~u~ llb~9b11nLil llwuO~~~ pwgw-
~WJOLPJnLQ[! Jnli1WhWUlnL~ ll~ llu t u hw~WI'J.I1l[nul t llwu(i~~(ibl1 mOb-
ll~wJO pw11~ JnLI1WhWUlnL~ Obr]. pwnwJ~(j ~wll pwnw11wOwJ~(j ~ 74
QOI'\ lljnLU llubp~(i »:
llwulllG t. w~w lluwpwOmpjmOO mumll[iwu~11mll t pw11~ [!Qilhw-
J2b11w~w[iw~w(j ~llWUU1[! h~ll(iw~w(imll Wl111lWhWJIIll[mll t llb~
(iml1. EbJlw~w(iw~w(i hwUl~w(i~z[ibl1[!. J!Wn~ tunuE~IlwuWJ~(j L!J·
llw0Mwhwlll~nLpJm(i(ibl1(!: llwu(i~~~ ll~2ngnl[, pwJg ~w(i '1b~9b11, b11p Ebl1w~w(iw~w(j llb~ llwu-
UJu~~nl[' 6t..wpw0RLPJnLO[! mullnL(iE t pwn~. 011w llub11~ u WJilllub- (j~~[! ~wpnr]. t 'li1UUn11bL Rbf'lw~w(iw~w(i ll~ RWO~ ~llwulll(ibl1; Uju-
~bu' .RWf/W.Rftg, nwwtinqtibpftgu, w;wl;bpwtibpftgu pw11bpmll -ftg
11~ Wl111lWhWJIIlWO Ebl1w~w(iw~w(i ~llwu1110b11~ llwu~u. tunuE~ llwub11~
u G11w(ig hwlllnL~ pw11w~wqllw~w(i Ol1~0wtwlflnLpJnL00bp~ llwu~0:
73 llwu(i~~(j Wl111lWhWJUlnLll t pwgw11w~wo~. -Db~[!· hnqOw~~~ u u
t"(it~bu Wl11lb(i Ozl[bg, pwn~ gbnwlfw(iw~wO ~llwum[! WJ'l pwn~
llwu(i~~[!· UUlwgw~w(intpjwQ ~llwuUl, WJU~09G' JnLJ'IWRW0!Jntl1 Rb-
[!G'lhWGnLI1 ~llWUUlO t, (j11w funu~~llWUWJ~[j hWU1~Wfi~z[jbl1[!, n11n(j9 u 11W~w(iw~w(i ~llwu111 WI1UlWhWJU1l[nul t wnw(i{l~(j llwuO~~~ ll~2ngnl[:
WI1UlWhWJUlltmll b(i 9brtw~w(ilU4wO llwuO~~Ob11~ llft2ngnl[: U;u~bu' UJu ~11nr].mpJmQn pQn11n2 t ~gw~w(i Ul~~~ tbqm(ibl1~(i. ~litl4rliJ~Ci t
6wn, ubqwti, nwwtinq, tfw(IIJ pwnb11I! UUlwOwtnLI. -bp, -Obp, -/lit llwu- dwllw(iw~w~~g q11w~wli hwJb!lbO[!:
(j~~Obl1[!. WI1U1WhWJU1nLll b(i hnq(iw~~ pl.[~ RbJlW~w(iw~w(i ~llWUUl. u~ 2WI19 'lb~Rb!lntll RbJ'IW~w(jw~w(j llb~ llwu(i~~[! ~WJ10r], t Wl1·
ubqwtift, UD!J.Wli/lli, ubqwtiftg, ubfJ.wlim/, ubqwOm.tJ pw11b11mll qnJw· UlwhwJUlbL 9b11w~w!iw~w!i ll~ 2WI1R ~llwuUl(ibl1: UJu~bu' qpft(l, 6/1-
~wo~ hntn~tw~wu ~llwuUl[! ttJntul[mll t ·/1, -/10, -ftg, -ml -nul Ll.bi12W- UWfJ/1{1, uftp/1{1 pwnb11~ llb2 -/lpllwu(i~~(j WI1UlWhWJIIlnLll t ll~ 2WJ1R
LI.nl1nLPJnL00bl1~ ll~2ngnl[, ,RUJfJ.UJ.R, WJqft qnJw~wOGb!l[! lli1LI.w6 b(i w- 9b11w~wOw~w(i ~llwuU10b11. ~lit~bu' pwJw~w(i tunu9~1lwuwJ~O ~
On11n2 wnmllnl[, pWJQ, b11p wl[btwglimll b09 f!, 0 hn!lbl1[!, l[b!lwal[nul llwuUl, hi1WilWJW~Wii br],WiiW~, bqw~~ p~l[. b11~1101111 'lbll9, ~wll'
b(j n11n2JWL wollw(i u WJLO: 1wiS'wfu Ebi1W~w(jw~w[j ~llWUUlUb11[! ~w- qpl:ul, uftpbtl, 6j16wfJbtlpwjbp~ llb2 bllllwu(i~~(j WJllllWhWJIIlnLll t pw-
JW~wli funUR~llWUWJ~(j ~llWUUl, [!qdw~w[j br],WiiW~, WUfWilO~ Owllw-
11101'\ b(i W11UlWhWJU1l[bL nt ll~wJO EbJlw~wOw~wO llwuO~~[jb11~ ll~2n-
(jw~. bqw~~ p~l[. WllW2~(j 'lbllR:
73
Sb'u U. Uuwll'lpJwli, ctwllwliw4wlitlg hwJng tl:iqm, t., 2002, t2 7: 74
222 U. Uuwll'lpJwG, Gzl!. wzfu., t2 13:
223
~bpw~wOw~wO ~llwutllCibp~ 'lf'IUW1rnlw0 WJUUj~u~ bqwOw~n pOnpn2
t pb,ew~w(i tll~Uj~ tbqnLCibp~[i, ~(i~Uj~U~(j tp h~(j
hwjbpb(i[!' QllWpWp[!: p~ wllpnrt.51nLPJnLCi(j t {UUJ{7fJ-I1LU{7!J/1q, .PLUf7-.PLUf7Gf7). 6l.abp~ hw~WilpnLp
etpw~wOw~w(j WJO ~pnqmpjmQ[ibp[!, bpp UmjQ .ebpw~w(jw~w(j JWI'lP wputwhwJLnL!nul t dwllwOw~w~~g hwJbpbCilt qnJw~wO~ PL!It
~l.lwutn[! ~wpnq t lllwppbp 61.abp~ ll~2ngnl{ wplllwhWJliiL!bt. ~n~L!mll ~wpq[!. RLUf7 - .PLUf7f7g, RLU{7nt/ La WJL Ol.abp~ hw~WilpnLpjwllp' hnLnqp
b(j unugnLgltt PW2tullw(j hwpwpbpmpjwO llb51 qtllOL[nq Ol.abp: UJUUjbu' ~wpq[!, q.liwg/1 - qliwgf7f7 - q.liwg, q.Owgftli.P - q.Owgf7R - q.Owgf70 La WJL
6l.abp~ hw~wllpnttijwllp' pwJit llbll.e~ m PI!~ ~wpqbp[! La WJL0» :
75
dwllwQw~w~~g hwjbpbCimll ubnw~wQ hntnl!~ pllwutllU wpliiWhWJtll-
L[mll t /1. m, UJO, 1/UJ, np La WJL llwuu~~ObpnL[' _ewqwpf7, WJQ.nL, awq.- ~bpw~w£iw~w0 ~wpqbplt pOnpnz wnwOMwhwm~mpJm£iO WJU
ilwfi, 111Wf71/UJ, pf7np, qnpo~w~wQ~ ~llwUtll[! • -nl/ La -p llwuQ~~QbpnL!, t, np QpwO.e ll!t2111 wplo1Whwjmnul bO n!i~hwOn~p ~llwumObp, npnO.e
op~Ow~· RUJ{7nt/, Wf7JWilp, pwgwnw~w(j~ ~llwulll[!. ·/lg La -m.g llwu- 111 wpwol!mll bCi pwnbpp n1m2w~~ fullpbp~ L[pw wQ~wtu OpwCig pw-
(j~~QbpnL[' .PW{7flg, nuqmg U WJLU: nwJ~O-CiJmpw~wCi CizwCiw~nLPJnLO~g:
Ubi' tbq!J.~ lltl2 O~wlllbt~ t Owl.. WJfi bpumJp[!, bpp OmJO Ol.aQ mub- ~bpw~wQw~w(i ~wpqbpn llltzm npnzl!mll b(i Ol.abp~ hw~wl'].pnL!}
gnq llwuOit~O wptllwhWJlllnLil t liiWppbp ,ebpw~wuw~w[i ~llwutnObp La JWilp. bpb t~w Ol.a.t;.pll hw~WilPnLPJnLO, mpbllQ La t~w .ebpw~w[iw~wQ
hw011bu t qwt~u ltppl.a liiWppbp .ebpw~w[iw~w(i ~wpqbp~ wplllwhwJ- ~wpq: UJUUjbu' tunu!J.mll t bqw~~ pL[~ llwultO nf1Ujbu ,ebpw~wOw~w(i
lll~t: UJUUjbu' -milllwu£ilt~D ~wqllmll t ObpqnJw~w(i hntnLI.' _ewqwpnuJ, ~wpq, _ew(j~ "" lJw tmq[iw~~ pL[~ i!bpw~w[iw~w(j ~wpq[!, ~wll' ~w
fJUJlU7nlll, wO~wlllwp llbppwf Q.f7nLIJ, I{Wf7!JnL/l, bppbllQ hwCi11bu t qw- qn 1 w~wQ~ wCinpn2 wnmll (Q./1f7P, Q.f7.Pbf7), npnl!hb111l.a ~w llPW hw-
LitU liwl.a ~ppl.a qnjw~wuw~bpm wow[ig' QWf7Q.WgnLil. hbnwgnuJ: ""
~WilPnLJJJfft.O[f APftlJIUI.. wnmlln (q.f7f7JJD, Q.f7Pbf7D) La wnO:
llwu(i~~Q wpmwhWJtllnLll t ubnw~w[i hntnl! {pwflUJ.R/7) ~wpnq t ~wqllbL
UlltflmttbtnLI. ~ hwpg~ .eOOmpJmOn' Ozbu.e t11. UqwJwO~
qnJw~w(iQbp (wd'bf/1, hwJbt/1), wbw~w[iQbp (uf7f7bff7, UJI/lDf/7) La hw£i11bu
hbtnl.aJWL umhllwr..ull!. np WJCi pnLnp ,ebpw~wCiwlfwO ~llwut11Cibf1[!,
qwL npUjbU OwtuW'lPnLPJiiLO (/1 t/1WDU, /7 hbtfmqu) La waO:
u2L[wo lll.abpQ, ~CitUjbu wp11bO OzbL bO.e, ~ntLI.mll bO .ebpw~wOw
RJinfiB Ltiqiftl tltl2 Rllii:W tJpbflg .ebpw~wQw~w[i WfMil&UhwfUJmpJnLCif!,
lpttqnul bi ..,_•.,.,.y.~ 4wf!qllrl (~wll ~wmbqnptJwObp):
~wO hwllw0m0£ibp:
at;pw\,..r"•elt~•aQ ~wpql;pii n'illhwUpwgGmll La wt1p!11l2WQ£inui 1:i1i
PbpUJ/jUJOUJ/fUJO /fUJpqbp: ~bpw~w[iw~w[i ~llwumObp[! ubp- pwnbp~ wjU n£il'].hwiirup, ,ebpw~w[iw~w(j hwLn~w(jf1z£ibyl[!, npn(ig h~
umpbQ wnOtL!mll b(i .ebpw~w[iw~w[i lll.abp~O, npnOgnL[ La OpwO.e wp- llw(j IJ.Jlw p£inLpwqp~lll.a tullpwl!npl!mll bQ hwJbpbCilt tunu~~ llwub(l[!:
lllwhwjtmlmll bQ. ill ~WPnll Llt0bt npl.at .ebpw~w(iw~w[i }lllwu111' tiJ-
nwUg ,Rbpw~wOw~wO npnzw~lt lila~: 3mpw.ewOiJmp .ebpw~wOw~wO
~llwutll Ujbm.e t m[ib(iw ~p hwllwUjWlllwufuwO .ebpw~wOw~w[i 61.&[!,
ltu~ wllb[i ll~ .ebpw~wOw~w[i lila Ujbm,e t wpmwhWJllllt npn2w~~ ,eb-
tunWlr uuutr, uruue 'lUUU~UrQU'Uu
=truntu~utrc
pw~w[iw~w[i ~llwum, mpbll[i' ,ebpw~wOw~wQ ~wpqbp[! lila~ La ~llwu
tll~ ltlntuhwpwpbpmpjwO wp111WhWJlllnLPJnL£i bu La pOmpwqpLJ,nul b£i
3nLpwgw01JRlP Lbql!~ pwnwUjwzwp~ llb51 llmOnq pumbp[! }lpbCig p-
ltllwuliiWJ~O La lll.awJ~O mbuw~blllltg: llUIUU1lllJtt0, 6ld.upa1Utuip.uli L. ~IJF •••pw ~urilnLpjmOOb
«f"'llwumwJ!tO lllbuw~btll~g ,ebpw~w[iw~w(i ~wpq[! hwllwqnp La rnt~llW&~~.IIflllip~dliliPMuitlllwubp:
hw~WilPnLJ}JWCi llb2 qlll04nrt. ,ebpw~wuw~w[i ~llwuliiOb~~ wllpnq-
l!nLPJnLOO t, ~OtUjbu' bqw~~ plt!J.- hnqOw~lt p~L!. npn2JWL wnmll - w-
tunu.elt •••*PII .,,..,.......,..• ......., ~ m llnLnb-
gmllObp bCI bftD(; flrlnz lbqtlwPwGUbp rt••••tl~Wf1q~ ~wpl.anf1 La w-
[in~n2 wnmll, mqqw~w(j hntnLI.. ubnw~w[i hntnl!, pwgwnw~w(j hntnL[,
nwS!CiWJtN 1wl)au(al12 bra llll......,..t pwllbp~ Z~Jinuw~wQ ~~pw
qnpo~w~w(j hntnl!. ObpqnJw~wQ hnLnL!. Obp~w dwllwQw~. wCigJWt
nnLpJnLCi.Ubfl[! tum. . lltif, ~PD· ~WJ!Wilw~wO, ill.awpwuw-
dwllwQw~. WUjWOCi~ dwllw(iw~ La WJtO:
~wCt 1.& WJt£i. uw~ o~ Ll ~u.mltmu 1t UfMu(.g,ilg llltwJO llb~~[i
~l.awJ~O tllbuw~b111~g .ebpw~w£iw~w[i ~wpqQ hwllwqnp La hw~w
llPnLpJWO l'lbl! qlll04nrt. .etpw~wQw~w[i ~llwumQbp wptllwhwJlllnrt. dl.ab-
224 15 ll. ~ [qll. wzt-_. ttR 8-411:
225
1s·
nl
LU -m~lllm4 ·~mg~p ~rm~lJmum 'lm!J n~lmUl l 6f1u6 iJnmtJ ~tl ~l.lq!JfmdllqtJ
~oql.lqfmq l.lu ~!Jmcr :!Jlrm '1 4ma 'tluomg 'tloqnf 'llmfrmnj '1/omtJoqiJ
'(Jllmnmtnl/dq 'tnmullmq 'll1m01Jm .!JQ 5~5!Jmlli.J :fluUlnmp~ ~!Jm~m.Qm
.'1 ·~!Jm~mrub .'11mb nqt.l!)mq llJUI.Im~ dtJlUnj 3lJudtJm ~[I ~Llqumd
:!Jlfm '16ifllqllaut/l'(il)IJl/6qlJqtJ '(il)aulqnj '(il).pqp ,nqlnl!J~ '(llqbl.lm~
!Jm~m!Jm~ml.lqc ~pEl ·~puluq 't.luq NZullu !JQ [llU!JmUln) l.lmdm!JmJl!Jmnj
-utfl !JQ tJlUJl.Qm.Ql.lub iJllq!J!Jm~m.Qm dllq 'ill.IQ!J!JlUfEiluuml.l~~ l.lmdmo
-m~mfub ~l.IQ!J!Jm~mQm !JQ .QmJl.Qml.lmUl nqtnm~Ulmq [llU!Jql.lqfml:
:1 [llUp~lJqtfl~l.lq ilUlnmp~ !J~fmnmp~iinunj ~umd
:ih.lq!Jfmdl.lqt.l !Jm~mr •pun~tnnfm ''1 'Ulnmp~ l.llU!Jmqt.I!Jil Llu!J ~tl ttlul.lqd l cuqQ l.lmdmom9
-m~mEI!JQ 1u LlmUlm~mllmq 'il!Jm~mfld 'il!Jm~m.Qm n~lmb !JQ nqtJ!)mq -~Ulnm !JUmd dl.lq 'ml.lp !JmtJ~4 !JmfE11uuml.l~~ !Jm~mmufqmllmZ 5!Jml.I!J
!JlU!Jmnjutfl nqtnl.lu Llmdml.luJlun :!]lrm '1 ilam!Jmi! 'illfifbm.p 'iliJtlmp ttlU!JQ!JlU !JQ ~lJQUl ill.lQ!JtJlUB!Jmnjutfl !J~fmnmtJ~ffnunj ~l.lqumd
lfl/6q!Jqb l tJlu~m!JmZ!J il1Jl/6q!Jqb .~m!J~l.lo 'ill.lmtflmlJmb ~rm~l.lmum .'1 :p1uU1fm4mUll.lm !JQ !J1RmtJ4 !JWmnmp~cnunj l.luo '1 5~Ull.lulu ~EiflUumd
·~z~!Jm~Ulmq .'1 ~m!JmtJmpm~p J1Uumd ~Qtl lqJlUlfmqmUll.lm l lJullm~ !JhU!J n4lmb !JQ n!.11ut.l .ullul.l~l.lq '1 UlnmtJ~ !J~fmnmtJ~cnunj lfm ~Qtl
il!JlUfEilu5~mtnm~ lmfZul.lu-1'~Zul.lu dl.lq 'l !J!JlUfEilulJuLl~ !Jfm !Jm~m!J 'lm!J tJlul.lqd !JQ cuqQ 'B~UlnmtJ~ !J~fmnmt~~cnunj !JlUd 6!JQI.I~ ~6md
-m~ml.lqc il!J1ufEilU!JlU!Jmnju(J) :fluumgUlmtn !)mfEilU!JlU!Jmnjutfl !JQ tJlUJl 'Llqumd Zul.lu .!J~Omum ·IJqpl.lmZmlJqUl 4bl.lm~ 1u~Llq !Jq 4lqUlm~!J {llU!J
-l.lmUlm~ tJlU!Jm~m!JtJ~ll ilLlq!J{llUI3!Jmnjulfl'llQ]'lZ!J !JQt.lllm nqln?!J~ -m~m!Jt1~4 lJqUlnfn :il!)mfEilulq!Jm~Ulmtn !J4fmnmp~cnunj ~llqumd 'lm!J
(:!)lfm '1 UUIQI/ 61u/mb '1 !Jfflb/J UUIQI/ 'nt/1UiJ 61/am!Jma !JQ tJlUllqdmllqp illiQ!)!)lUfEilunjutf!utfl 4bl.lmt} nfn :l.lqpl.lmZmlJqUl 'l.lq!)
6mob '1 6m!]b ntl7uiJ mo _nqln?!J~) tnm~ nqtnl.lu .'1 'fmd~mtJ nqtnl.lu .'1 ·!JlUfEilunjutflutfl ll~Eimpbmd tJlUIJQ!JlU I]Q 4lJQU1 tJ1Uc5md!Jil !Jmt~6mb
tJlUJl.Qm !JQ .Qllub nqtnmllmnmflmq Llqumd cllmZ ~tl !)m{l!J '1 4mom '4qp -1.1mb t.lfm !Jm~mtJUlmtn 4pbql mqm ll!:! :5mEI1]il.Ql.IUb 'l l]lUfdlUlJull~
'utnqq 'mhutJ .nqln?!J~ 'tJlUliQ!JUll.lulu Hm '1 tnm~ - fmd~mtJ 'fmd~mtl lJuBmbllmb ·~IJmt.loq~ !JlUbQl :p7uDomfl/ut/7 1/clqnmp 1/ilnuf'l/
- !Jm~m.Qm 'lm!J tJlUJlUlm~!J !JQ liQ!JtJlUB!Jmnjutf! !J~fmnmtJ~cnu~ :l.lqumd lJullunm~momlJ
:(!]Urn '1/JQUQ 'nll1uiJ '']allqo -q '1 l.lq!JI]lUfEilu~l.lm!JfmQ ,l.lqnmt~ ~cnunj !J~fmcl)lUtJI.Iqdmllq)"\ (b
'']UQ/7 '4mom) ~Llq!)fmd~mtl ,illlq!]mufp '(!JUm '1 fruomptnmln '!Jl/6u4 :llqotnm~lJmZ 1u l.lqlnm~ ,llqnmtJ 4iinunj
•l/p '61/nqllq 'IJmtn 't/lml 'IJmompmp) ]'luLlqm:JlufEilUuml.l~~ !Jm~mtnm~ 1 IJm~mtJI.Iul.l~l.lq t~m~ lJuUlfmljmUlLlm Ulnmt~~ l)m~m!Jm~ml.lqcr (d
lQJl.Qm.Ql.IUb !JQ lJul.lm~ [lm~ ~llqtnm~ !JQ lqJl.QmllqJlliQ!J!Jm~mfub cl.lml :l.lqnmt~ ~cnunj {lm~m{JtJ~ll 'lm!J l]q tJlU'tl?u~ Cl]ml.ln
~Il :!Jlfm 'llmfomtnnmdpm 'lmf/Jllmtnomd 'lm!fttn 'lmfmu 'lmf61uomn :fmd~m{l 'fmd 'l]lUI]ml.lqtJ '!JlU!Jm l]m~mlld 'IJlU!Jm !)m~m.Qm 'l]lUI]m
'(LIQ!J!Jm~mfub)· 11/IJm!Jd '1l/67umu '11/ompbi/md '11/ilmfrmom/f 'll/1/fJ l]m~mfub ·lJqnm{l ~cnunj lJuUlfmqmUlllm UlnmtJ~ IJm~mE11ufrt (m
'll/bdq '1 (llq!J!Jm~mQm) 1tfp7ud '11/bupmq '11/aqlJ!f/f '11/bl//f ,nqlnl!J~ :~IJQdtJnj !Jm~rn{JtJ~lj cqllq I]Q tJlUJll]mp
·~Llq!]!)m~mfub t~m~ ~l.IQ!J!Jm~m.Qm !JQ lqp.QmllqJl illiQ'lQ !)m~mfmdl.lqt.l -md ill.lqnmp ~cnunj tJlU!Jql.lqfmll ,ql.lqi]Z~I)m~Ulmq .Qml!ZIJ UlniJ
lmf5!Jm Jlu-Jml- 11 !)m~mrm~md!J!:J QmJlt~bm~ Jm-11/- !Jmfllmdmllo :ill.IQI]I]lufEhuumLl4~ !)m~mnlufqml.lmZ ~umd '1 illlql]
:!)lfm '1l/IQ!J1U '1/lqfml/ '1/lq.p -l)lufEilU~Ulmqm!JQI)mum l)m~m!Jmdm'lQ 1u !JtJlUI.Iupm'lQ ml19 'iJUlnmtJ
-m 'l/lmomd .'lm!J nqtn1!)~ 'l/lqf/7mlul 'l/lq!Jmmu 'l/lq!Jmnql/1 'l/lqfrub -4 IJ4fmnmtJ~cnunj 'lllUI]mqt.ll]il ~umd ,l.lqi]Z~I]m~Ulmlj om~m9t1~4 cqll
'l/lqllifn ,nqtn1!)~ ·~l.lq!J!Jm~mfub tJm~ ~llq!]!)m~m.Qm !Jq lqp.Qmllqfll.lon -q lq!Jum ~pZmq n4lqbllm~mnmtJ ill.lqnmt~ ~cnunj l .QmJl!JlUU!Jil p1ull
-rm LlQ'lQ p~Eimt~bmd ~fmdl.lqtJ ~!Jnmtnm 1JufimolJqf1 pu-t/- !JmfLlmdml.lb -q{l!)lUfEI1Ull4nm!)t11UnlU om~mm4bm!]m~mt.lqc B~l']m~mi]mpmp
,nqtnnrn :~LlQ!J!Jm~mfub t~m~ ~l.lq!J!Jm~m.Qm lqJl.QmlJqp tJlufmbmU1Q4 :illql.lmUlm~ tJlUI.IupmdtJnj
~n~ 'l.lmdm!)m~mfub '1 l.lmdm!)m~m.Qm 'lm!J lqJl.Qm.Ql.lub l lJul.lm~ ~Ul 4Llqnm[l ~anunj mllp l)mt1~4 ~Z4!Jm~Ulmq t.lfm '1 illmUl l]lUfEilU!)omum
-mu '!JlUfEilU~m!JmZ!J !Jm~mfm~Llmum 'lm!J l tJlU!Jllml.lq!J OQtJ 1.1~ '1 N!J
u~wllll:iL~ t OwL. hw~wnw~ l:ipL.mjpQ, bpp hwlllm~ wOmOOI:ill£!
bppbllO ltl:i!lWOI!nul l:i(i hwuw11w~ w(im(j(jl:ip~, op~Ow~· /tWJU,'I, oqnu-
qnsu4Uu uuntu umu, dwmqlif1, wilUflif1, t/nftn, ohd, pnuumli L. wnO:
np~l:iu tunu9~ llwu· qnJw~wO wOnLOQ gmJg t lllWL~U wnwp~w ~wll BwlidfiUJUUJifwli £ t/bflwgwlfwli QOJW/twlilibfl: 4w0 qnJw~wO
wnwp~wJw~wO hwu~wgnLpJmO. Q/lf1JJ, JJWf1, ll1m0, own, ilWf1fJ., ft/Jli, OI:ip, npnO,R wOttwOnul t;(j wO~wtu ~wll ~ppL. wO~wtu lllllwottwo ~pw
ll1flW, UlfJP/1/t. qwn, WOjnLO u wnO: 'LilwO hwpJnLilWltnp, hwqwpwttnp ~wO wnwp~wOI:ip u ~n!ltmll t;(j pwOdpwgw~wO qnJw~wOOI:ip: 'lpw09
pwnl:ip qnJw~wOOI:ip bO, 9wO~ np QnLJQ bO lllwLnu ~nfiqpblll wnwp~w. llWilll~wOg, ~l:iCiqwO~Obp~. qwOwqwO ~nO~r.l:illl wnwp~w(ibptJ,
wOll, ~bOJlWOfl L. WJLO, ll~O!I)bll olipUJ(JR, t/WQJJ, [Wt/nl.pjmli, JJWpmpjmliL. pOmpjwO lllW!lPI:ill l:ipumJpOI:ip~ wOttwOmllOI:ip l:iO, ~fi!~l:iu' ll1nLli,
GllwO pu.mbp~g umw2~0 bn~nLunul mGbu9 q.np6nrtmpjwG wnwp~WJW pnLf1, JJWf1, tlwpt;., UlfJP/11/, UJ!1jfll0, dmq, WtiL'1UJO, nuft/J, q/Jli/1, t/Wf1!J.,
gmll (OlipWliW[ - OlipW(JR, t/WQli[-t/WQJJ), l!bp2~0 bp~muml]' hWUl~W(j~- molili/J, pnlmli, ulif]wli L. wnO:
2~ WllW!l~WJWgmll (Lwt/- [Wt/mpjmli, JJWp-JJWpmpjmli): =tw~wnw~ upwOg' l:ip~pnpi'J. tullp~ qnJw~wOOI:ip[! gmJg l:iO lllWL~U
llttufbu wnwp~w ~wll wnwp~WJW~wO hwu&4wgmpjm0 gmJg nt pl:i wO~wtu ~wll ~OJ;!OmpmJO qnJnLpJmO mOI:ign11.. WJL • ~ppL. WJil~~
ntml pwabpf1 tumllp' qnJw~wO wOmOo duwpwOnpl:iO pOmpwqpltmll u~O lllllwottwo wnwp~wOI:ip, ~11"'1.nLPJnL001:ip L. ~n!ltmll l:iO ltl:ipwgw-
t np~bu pO»ltnll tunu9~ llwu L. mu~ Pit~. hnLntt~. npn2JWL~ m wunpn- ~wO qnJw~wOOI:ip, ~O!~I:iu' JJWPnLPJnLli, wqwhmpJmli, qwilJJ, qqw-
2~. wOd~ 1.. ~llfl (n! WU0~) j;!bpw~wOw~w(j ~wpqbp, ~U~ 2WI1WhjnLUW- gnuJ, t/IWOJJ, dtnwompjmli, 2Wf1dnuJ, uw{luwt/1, t/wfu, ulif1, dwh,
~w(j wnmllntt WJ!i tunu9~ llb2 h~llQw~wQmll qnpo t wottmll t;Qpw~w Juwliq, qmp L. wnO: ~l:ipwgw~wO qnJw~wOOI:ipQ tll:i6 tlwuwllp
J~, tuQrw~. hwlll~wgmg!~ U!W2llln0Qbpntt: ~wqllltmlll:iO hwlllm~ w6w0g01:ip~ ll~2ngnt!· -m.pjni.O, -nulL. -2:
QnJw~wOQb{lo hwQI'].bu bO qwl~u ~llwumwJ~O-.Qbpw~wQw~w(j rawOdpwgw~wO qnJw~wOOI:ip[! unttnpwpwp hw2l!l:iL~ wnwp~w
lllwppbp fullpl:ipnq L. L~Omll t;(j hwuwpw~ m hwlllm~: Obp l:iO gmjg lllWL~u. ~w11n11. l:iO UlllWOWL J;!WOw~w~wO pltw~wOOI:ipntt
iUJUUJ{IW/t £ hWlllnl/t QOJW/tJJJfi/ibfl: =twuWJ1W~ qnjW~wOOI:ipQ LllWgmllOI:ip L. qnp6w6ltl:iL hnqOw~~ pttntt. ~u~ ltl:ipwgw~wOOI:ipQ un-
gnLJg bO lllWL~U wplllWJ;!~O w2tuwnh~ pwqllwj;!wQw~ m pwqllwllll:i- ltnpwpwp tl:iO ~wpn11. UUlWOWL, ~O!~I:iu' li{1/tnL Wf]p/Jft, li{1liJJ tnf]W,
uw~ wnwp)4wQI:ip Q01'].hwllpwgltw6, ltl:ipwgwp~ttw6 dL.nlt. wnwOg
dlift Wlill1wn, lipqm p/Jplin, pwJg n'! dlift W!JJJWll1nLPJnLli, h/Jliq
~n(j~pblllwgllwO, ~O!~bu' ilWf1fJ., muwlinf], nwmg/Jl, pwlit/nf1, pd/Jzft, li1/Uf7ntpJmli, lif1li.R owqnuJ, lif1ftm ftwf1ntn L. wnO:
JJWIJWJJ, Om/. [lin, qlitn, lif1ft/lf1 u WJLO: =twlllm~ wOmOOI:ipQ QnLJQ bO ~wO~ np Ll:iqmO wO[!OJlhWlll qwpqwgn11. m lflmflntultnll. ~l:iOilwO~
lllWL~U ll~Wu.bll JlWUbp~ UjWUl~WOn11. WllWOd~O. w(ihWUlW~WO ~wll qnpooOpwg t, mulll~ ltl:ipwgw~wO 2Wlll qnJw~wOOI:ip ~l:iOilwO~ Ll:iq-
llwuOwttnp WllW(l~w(jbp, qbll.W!lltbuUlW~W(j L. WJL l:ip~l:ip~, q~lllW~wO ttwqnpow6mpjw0 oOpwgj;!mll lll:in9 l:iO pbpmll OwL. pwOdpwgw~wO~
W2fuWlllnLpJmOOI:ipfl, hwOI'].I:iuQbpfl, pbppl:ip~ L. WJL wOttwQmllObp, 02w0w~mpjm0: Uju~bu' d/Jmpjmli, oliftlif1ntpjmli, 2Wf1dnuJ, dqll1mil
~O!~bu' c./Wf1fJ.Wli, Uliwh/Jtn, Uf1lW/t, Qlili[, Pwqmlig, U{1W./JU, Ub ont/, pwnl:ipo ltl:ipwgw~wO qnJw~wOOI:ip b(i, pWJQ wulll~lSwOwpwplll:in,R l:iO
Ubwliw 1/lff. 4lif]wilw [linlilif1, «Uwdt/lif», «YzwftJI, ttUqfJ.Wf1Wf1», «f1li- pbpl:iL pwO~nwgw~wO~ ~llwulll L. hwlSwtu qnp6 l:iO wottmll OwL. hnq-
lili{1nf1fJ. Wf/IJJ», «4{1wqwli plif1p» L. WJLO: Ow~~ pttntt. ~O!~I:iu' d/Jmpjmlilili{i/1 tnmli, ilW{1QW/tWli oliftlif1nLpjmli-
=twlllm~ wQmQQbpo unttnpwpwp hnqOw~~ pqntt !bO qnpow6- lilif1, dliOJJ/J2Wf1dmdlilif1, li{1W dqll1millili{10 L. WJLO:
ttmll: Lbqltfl qwpqwgllwO oOpwgj;!mll pwqllwp~tt hwuwpw~ wQmO-
Ulid £ nJ wlid lfwllzliJwt/nfl £ wlizmliJ QnJwlfwlilibp. =twJI:ipl:i-
Obp ltbpwottl:iL l:iO hWUlnL~ wOmOObnfl. ~O!Ujbu' I/Wf1ll1/l/t, c./f1lid,
Omll qnJw~wOOI:ipQ pwctwOttmll l:iO OwL. wOd L. n1 wOd gmjg lllltnll.
bl/lif7, 1/wlimft, S{1wnwll1, tannli/Jft, /1zfuwli, Owrzqwdnf1, 4lill1wzlili,
4nhw{1 L. WJLO: tullpl:ipfl, w~w Owu· 20!wttnp~ L. W02nL0!~: uoo~ L. "! wOll~ lllW!lPI:i-
nw~mllO WplllwhWJlllltnLil t n1 ll~WJ0 ~llwulllwpw0npb0, qnJW~WO~
228 229
O£l
lH
:!JHrn '1 tlqo-1/bfm 'tlqo-uuommu 'tlqo-ilmlimil .Pu~~onmp tl.qg- :tlJ.pm/7b7Uq il!J7Ufd7Ulluommu ,nqtn?n~ '}1Up6 4~mbq QQ plupofmQmp
~ p1uppbm~ (llU!Jm~m!Jt~44 ilp46 4~mobu4 4Liqumd ~Qmpmpbm;:~ -m4 UlQlj 4lmfbuLiuUln '1 tlqoi/1Jmb7Ulb 'tlqotlm/JmiJqli 'tlqoliuommu .QQ
:olfm 'lliqtlnfmiJ- tlnfmiJ 'tlqtl111q111- tl111Q111 'tlqtlflbm - tlflbm tJlU~mtJmlo Llmdm!Jmn.Jnmlllmlnmt~mlj 6fmd 'Qq ~~mbq pu'lQ i1Liqomd
.PU~4onmp liq- .omtt!) 4Liqumd ~!Jmpm~(l lUlqtlbm~ O~~rnQbUlj !JQ !J1ufthuq1Jmli7ufb '!J7Ufd7utlm/1m1Jqli '!J1Ufthuliuommu _nqtn?o~ '111nmp
qmp~m4 iliJqumd llu6qQ1U ~!Jmprn!Jillllmb lmt.JLiuiSm4 ~n4 'tlq!Jf)mli/1 -4 ~pEl ~~m!JbUlj oq (llUUlfmljmUlLim 6fmd ·oq ~~mbq PU'lQ i1Liq!J!)m~
- omtlp 'liqo/11/liiJ - pqoiJ 'liqoll/dtln - 11/dlin 'tlq!J1111/Inp - 1111/lnp ,nqtn -mfub 4dpn.J nrn :QlUfEiluauudt~m ~Liq!Jm~Limum ~mnqlllm4tJ n~lmUl
-?o~ •pu~4nnmpliqo- .omt~o 4Liqomd ~ompmpbmd lllupbm~ !JQ 4~mo oq 6hu6 if!JuLiu 'i1Liq!J!Jm~mfub nm~mifmpm4 'lmo !JQ 6~LiqbLim~ Qm~
-bUlj iJLiqumd UU6Q!J1U ~!Jmpm!JLnUmb lJutJLiun.Jm!J ,nqfnnfn :puLiq!)~m!) -m!)m~mLiqif 'Q~fmUlnmtJ~ ~Qm~mfUtJ .'UI/OOm/JmfufJ gm/Jml/m/lme
-mllq LlqdLim111 tJlU[Ibm~ oq p4E1 4~mobu4 '1 64~ompm!JUll.lmb (lluJ1Lib?)
U ~Q[I lU 64~!Jmp ifqpLim41 ~qp !)Q qillpllbm~ if!)UiJU 'Liqumd !)mt, :(llU6hu6mLimlj nm~mpulu4 !JQ tnup6mfm~Liqo Llmd
:nHm 'lliQ!JIJP -(o)IJTup 'liqouqT-(o)uql 'liqoumb-(o)omb .nqtn -mnmn.JnmUlmlnmt~m4 '1 Llmt~m4 ~Liqiftnqt.J D4Q!Jmum iJLiq6Lim4 lo.l/ '1
-?!J4 'dpmfEhuLiupmiSLiq p UQ!}- ~ [llUp[lbm~ o4~m!JbUlj '1 ·~ tJlUp!Jb!Jm~mLiqp /7_U !JQ (llUp~mLiqdLimUl QqLiu~mUlnlj (llUQqLiqfmlj mfnm 'p7UiJtfmiJ J /J.u
!)fm tflUiffnqtJ QmftilU[Ibm~ 44~m!JbUlj ·~ lq~Qi:J [llULimdmtjLimn.Jlm QLIU -1 p1uflt1m1J il111tlq1Jmlm 'p1ulmq 1 /l.u -1 p1ulmq il!J7Ul ,nqtn?o~ ·o~B
'i1QlUf?!JljmQiSLiqp !J !JQ lq6q!JlU p1uLimdmLib ifouLiu 'pluLiqumd ~!Jmpm~(l -Lim4 ((.DUJX) /l.u !JQ (llUt)mn.jnm111mtn i1Liq!Jom~mfub Llupm?oZ ~~mn
dp1unJ ~fl :olfm '1 tlq!JII1- !J1UII1 'tlq111lin- 111lil/n 'tlqbliq - bliq 'tlqum9- -q111 Llulud tJlU!JQLiqmuo qeq 'iJLiq!J!Jm~mrub llu~m!JmZo Q!Jm ?u '1 QDm
um9 _pu~4!Jnrl11' llq- lllU[Ibm~ oq p~e ~~mobu4 ilLiqumd ~!Jmprn4fl lfm '?!JlUZ!Jm '1 Llupm?!JZ qe ?u OQ lllUp~mLiqdLimUl tflU!JqLiqfmlj 1~ pup
:nq !JLiqQ~~onmp liQO· 'liq- ilom~mnJmSlm4m!Jqpm -1uum nfn :{tlU!JQLiqnluu nqtn?o~ 't]qLiunm~mLiqif nqtnmLI!Jm41.I!Jil llm~
64BouLiu •puLir:m~~onmp 'IJI/- '6- 'liQ!J- 'liq- ~ p1uppbm~ ilp4EI 4~m!JbU4 !JQLIUQmdm'19 Qmif!)fm ?u '1 QQLIU!Jmdmlllnm(l~ !JQ tflUpLiqdLimUl 111ml
lllUQqLiqfmlj 6~~m~m!Jmllm+J :LIQQ!J1UfEI1U6rn~nmlj !Jm~mfm~Limam 4lqpm 64LimL14 !JLiq!Jom~m(ub ?!JlUZ!Jm '1 Llupm?nZ [llU!JqLiqfmJ;
1u Llqom~Limom uqnm~p ~lqpm 6~~QCI n41m111 ~ 6f1U6 ilp~EI ~~m!JbUJ; :nHm '1 liqliqq 'lnpm 'iftll/b 'IJI/limp '111lmfl
:olfm '16mlimil'liuomn7U 'IJI/4/Jm 'om9 '!J7UII1 'fllimp _nqtn?o4 ·o~pEI ~~ 'uqT 'tlmn 'oudm '!Jmliqn ,nqtn?o4 'i:hlq!Jm~iJmum ?!JlUZ!Jm llu6q!J
-mobu4 pulqpLit.Jm~m4 .ll~qp 6~Liq!Jm~Limum ~mnq111m4p pm~ m~Limo -1u !Jluftilufub iSqp nmfEilU!Jd !JQ [llU!Jmp!Jm !JLIQ!J!Jm~mrub Llupm?ol ?u
-m Llupmonmll ~ lllUUlfmljml.llt.lm !JP46 4~mbq :~~mobu~ 1u ~~mbq oq pm~ ?!JlUZtJn :nUm '1 !JTUl 'ftmamiJ ~1ufom '7UII1miJ 'Tfmb '/71//luq 'mb111
lllU!J~l ilLiqom~Limum .tttJfm LnniJ :illq!J~llqpm 6~~qp qg ~qp 'i1J1~EI 'il~ 'IJI/4lim 'IJlt/Pd 'fltlmp ,nqtn?n~ ·o~Liq!J~!Jmt.I!Jq~ 1u 6om~tJLimp .!J~Liq!J
-moma 411qom~Limum n4lmlll ~ 6f1U6 ilbLim~ om~mnm~mLiqa ~Pel -qmLimLim ~!)mt.Joq~ ~~mnq111 Llulud !Jq rnuLiqdmLiq}l '1 i1t~Limn.jlm iSuu
!Jm~mnmtJoq~ oq lllUQ6mfm~Liq!J iJLiqo!Jm~mrub Llupm?t~~ :i:JLiqonmh
ubJnfl 'l.n'1n'l.nflnJ!Id' ~e
-mfub ?QlUli]m '1 Llufim?ol T}m!J rJQ [llUp~mLiqdLimlll (1lU!Jql.lqfmt
\JJQo\inta il.n~-tnil.n.,nJqlf 4'1n.,neub :ililmlimil til/ 1p1Utll/n omli111
'1 !JI/IJI/tffmp / f11Utfl/n !}mlfl/1 .hm!J~Lio ''1QmQm~m1JlnU JllUd"h'JqtJ 4Q
-om ?u ''lQm!Jm~mLIIll ~ (11U~Illfmljm111Lim !Jpulutj nm~m6fm4 pluiftnqtJ
:Liq!J!JlUfEilu~momZ!J lfm 'lmo !JQ p1upLiu'lnLiu '6~!JlUfEhU!Jm~mifmpmq 46 ~Liq!Jom~mfub llu}1111 6f1u6 Q!Jm '}luLiq!JZ4om~lllm4 !Jm~mom~mLiqif
-md '3qp 6omLin nfm~mn 'olfm '1 ilfmliulJqtJ 'I/!Jm9mom '1/om!Jmpm!J '1/!J 'lm!J OQ plupLiqdLimw iJLiq!]!)m~mfub 1Jup111 6f1U6 Q!Jm ?u '1 QOn
·mbmpm '!Jqllqlim4omd 'oqlJqdm!Jtlq 'oquqiJnu ,nqtn?o4 •puiJqo6omQm :o4BL1m4/o.t/ JILiq!J!Jlu!Jm ~1Jqo4nmuoq~ !Jm!J p1u~Ef ufm 'lJLiqnnm~mruo
afm- •agm- '!Jq!Jq- 'lm!J [llUppbm~ !JQ Llq!J!Jm~m(ub !Jm~mlfmJ1ml::: uup111 6hu15 Q!Jm ?u ~n~ ·a~6Lim4 /1. u !Jq [llU!Jmn.Jnmlllmtn i1Liq~mm~
:{!JQ p1ulimilfmln Uliqol/6 -mfub uup111 6f1u6 Q!Jm ·omfEhu6~mLiqdmiJm4 Qm6qg1u 1nq4 ~LIQ!J!JlU!J
~mli1ufb 7 !JQ 9mJ1b1uq Utlqouuommu) pullQ'lv ~~~mobu4 lqJ1o~Limnl -mLiqtJ nm~m6Limlj tnnil .'llfm ''Jlulllnmp~ !J4fmumd Qmu1fmljmU1Lim
-u41 oq llua.Jm~ nJmS)mlj DLiq'lQ nfn :; p1Ulimilfmln il!J1Ufd1Urj6m'/J1Ufb
Pwqdwqw(i~ pwnbn~ hnqllw~~~ ~wqllnL~JWU dwllwOw~ nrm-
IJ. UpbruwO(! wzfuwphwpwf'l~ hwllwp [!UI').mOnul t h~Oq hntntl' nut-
zw4~ Ofl~UW!WI.flnL~jnLO b(i l').f'IUunrmul WJU pwnbp[!, npn6g qbf12~(j
11w4w0, Ulf'IW4wll, pwgwnwqwll, qnpotJwqwll u ObpqnJw4wli:
pwqwl').fl~!l! ll~wqwO~ t. ~O!~bu' pwfiwubp, qwpfiwubp, uwpwtwfip,
PwJQ gwO~ np hnLntllibpj1 npnzllwD hwpgnul t.~.~blllg t hwztln wo-
wudpbwpntp, 11wmbuw4/Jfl, mul.j{JJJ/1(1, lllnfiwltwo u WJLU. 'lf'IWUQ hn~ Obt. n!lltJwjtllipRDOg ~U[!, WJLU o,..w(igntt W(1U1WhWjU1qwb Ozw[iwqmp-
Dw4~u ~wpnq t 4wqllqbL L: -bp, u' -filip llwuOtJ4Dbpnq: -tp llwu0~4nq
JALli[! 4wll Gpwlig 4~pwompJnLO[! funuRtJ llb2. U. UpbruwOo llP ccUz-
hn~Dw4~ bO 4wqllnul WJG pwnbp[!, npnOg llb2 bf'l~f'l"fl'l ll~wqw04 fuwphwpwpfl 2Wf'WhjnLUnl~JWiht llb2 l)~wctwllw(iwq Oznul t. nr
PW'l.Wfl.fltlH! tqwhtqwOntll t ~fl htJilOw4wli, w0qw0w4w0 OzwOw4m~ wrubuwO wzfuwphwpW('!I cluw4w0nf1b0 htJOq hntnq t qw(iwqw(imll,
JnL0[!, op~fiwq· uwpwjwup-bp, wfidpllwp,i-bp, lflnfiwown-bp, qwpOw- pwJQ [!UUl OzllliwllnL~JWU wa•uDcl~D hnLntl t.~.~hlllg t hwllwpbL Owu 4n-
ubp-bp, UJd'/Uwhnp-b(l u WJLU, ~uq bpp qbp2tJO J!WrtW'lf'l~!l! ~fl pntO, tw4wD, hwJgwqw(i t. ubnw4w0 hnLntlfibp[!: ,bUlw~wJnul hwJ tbqtlw-
hMOw4wu !'lllwui111J !~ tqwht.~.~wOnul, t. ~fl OnplizwOwqmpJwllp llll Dnp pwlifibptJ 4nqll~g (Um. Vwt/UWUJWU, U. rzwpftpJwti, Q, tlb.wq 1..! mp~z
pwn t 4wqllqnul, pWfl'lnL~JnLO(! 'llnnqmll t ~ppt. pwqllwqwli4, u hn~ libp) wnw2 t .QWlijrull u q~Lilw~w0npb6 htJdOwqnrulmll hnLntiOI:irtfl n-
Ow4jl0 qwqllqnul t -Oiip llwu0~4nq, ~O!t.~.~bu' pwuwubp-Obp, nn21lw0 nL qwuwlp:unqllwfi 1111 Onp mbuw4blll, [!UUl npn· dwllw0w4w-
ntfiq/]Oqftp-Obp, llwmb0UJQ/1p-Obp, wqQUJUbp-fibp, zwmw/Unu-Obp u 4~g hWJb!lbfitr twtrmldwO hwllw4Wf'l4(! npnzbLflU wuhrwctb2U1 t hw-
WJLO: -// tlwu0~4nq hnq0w4~ ~~ bO qwqtlntll -g/1, -wfl/1, -bg/J qbf'I2W- ttwuwpwtqbu hW'lllfT wnObL u· (ipw(ig qwqllnLpjmO(i nL ~1..![!, u' OpwOg
ow0g0bpnq ~wqdqwo qnJW~wOObp(!' bpilw/igft-p, Qbptlwfiwgft-Jl, JJW- Wl'llllWhwJUll.llllt Jlllilllulillw4mpJmOG m OzwOw4nL~puOo. ~O!t.~.~bu Owu
f]WJJWiJ/1-JJ, tnnbgft-J!, 11bf]pbgft-JJ u wnO: -"q llwu0tJ4nq hnqOwqtJ ~tJq fipwCig tlflll2lllnit. ,fUIIfiWhJnLUwqwO ~~J1Wil,-tL~JnLUiib(l[] funugtJilb2:
bO ~wqtlmll llwpq pwn[! u OpwOnq 4wqllttwo pwf'II').ALpJmDDbl'l[! • uz.- hu-tU)m(ig(ibp[! 04WU1~ mfibfiwtnaf WJU UlbUnL~JWO
I1UJfiQ·ftq, Ulf]UJI1UJ(If1·ftq, fiUJ/UUJI1UJfiQ·/1/j UWJL (i; hbqtJIMI~I! ~6 au JOP hnLnq~ hwllwijl.uru:~n:
P.ntl pwrtW'lf'IJWL -UIJ.P llwu0~4ntl hn~uw~~ ptltl bO ~wqllnLil qft/i ~ f.n.~ hwlfltwb bOR WJO UlbuwqbUlpu, n11 ctwtlwfiw4w-
- qwfiUJJil, m/1/t/10 - U7ftqliUJ)J}, U{UJpnfi - UfUJflnUUJ)J}, mbp - U1fl1Uf1J1, lalttJ bu&Jbpb(inut Ltfbu!R t [!Oqm.libt JRP hntntl u whw pb tl01m:
wpm- wpmnpWJJJ u OtlwD pwnbp[!: 1. ,ntmlfibptJ bwllw4wpq[! nrtnzbL~U wllbO!lg WDW2 w0hpwdbzU1
t hw2t1~ wnDbL ~litiJ.IbU hnLnqwljw(i ~lat:!. WJUUII:iU uhntntltJ ~llwumO m
Lj~pwnnL~JmOiib('l[! (hnLntlw4wO ella, tJilwuiJl u ~wzUlnO):
2. UtmwqwO u Ul('IW4w0 hnLnqObno qbrwOqwOw[fwli hwllwljwp-
qnLil m(ib(i iltlllf0cp.ollwj0 UIW('IJ!bll ~ub11 (l:iU-/111-fttid, IJI1L-pn-pl:iq, UUJ·
,nLnl{tl gbrw[fwCiwljwO 4wpqp RDOmpJnLllll m llbljDwpwDnLpJnLI:i(! Opw-fiplllli, tlbftl-i!IJp-11/:iq, !Jnt.J1-dl:ip-dbq 1..! wnO): q"JwliwliGbp~ llbtq-
bqbL t u wJuop tL llOmll t hwJ Rbpw4wfiwqpU1mpJWii tl~tiwhwrtnLJQ gnuJ Ul(1Upu6J! uUMUOmll t 0 llwu0114D. llli!ll.lbu' euJIUJl- JJWf]UJJJ/1-
fu01').tJp0bppg llb[f[!: Ullpnq2 hWJ1Q0 WJU t, n11 WJU hwpgpO w0tlf1W'lWD- J!Wf]WJJ/I{i, I1UJ1111 - JJwpqnL -- 11WpQntfi: Culll n('lmll· Ozqwb 6-l.!.bflnLil li
(jwLtJU hwJ LbqtlwpwflObn~g JmpwgwOumpfi nLDI:igbL t ~P uljqpmOR- 6luulitDm R! Jib hnll t. Pli!Ufbu __,.. bli nrmz tliqtfwpwOCibp, wn·
I:ibp(j nt dm.nlignulubrt[!' w£iznLZUl, nrmzw4J'I qfMwqurii u 1Jlbuw4w0 lmtaQiu........ Uwuitt14: tc(, tMiM&u liipuln&L t Q. UUwliJ. [!t!Ul ~lt.f:l·
hi.Lidwt.~.~wmwufuwli htulOwttnpnLil(ibpntl m [!fipnunulfib!'lntt: lllpwlJwlni DL utfan<~•wt! pPwppg ~nul bQ CiylwLHuJ., np lllrtW·
UJUI.I.Ibu' U. Upbruwli[! hwljWfl.l'ltlmll t hnLntlllw(i hwllw[fwpqnLil 4wO(!, bpp JJf'I'WWL t. l}(iqnLljnul t npnz~1 hnll (lhupbCi/l(i, U{UJUI/10),
~11 Owfun('l'lfibp~ W(1UlWhWJUIWO U1buw41:iU1ubr~D u, hnLnq(ibptJ nrnz- lltifit'lbD ubuwlfwuo bpp'bJil 1ll ol:i'lnLI:intil: Obnwt,wu u UIJ1W4w0 hntnti-
llw(j hwllwp htJilg oQI').mDbtntl hnLnqfibrtll 4wqllmpJm01J, wpU1WRtJfi Obr~ rnwppbrwlp2wu lfwf'Unfl hwf.illwllwliR t Owla WJii, np ubow4w0
hl'.i!JnL(jw[fwO 4nrtll[f 6u[!. qLillinLil t, np ctwllwOw[ftJ IJUJlWQ!JnLil ub· hn[nllnl[ Ll'lwgmttl! utfiqwliarl#wli (Qntllltfw£rw~w0) tpwgmll t. Ulpw-
llW4W0[! U1pw4w0tJ(i t 6nlLqbL, hWJQW4W0[!' nLrtrtw4wfitJ0, nLUUitJ ~wQ hrrrntt mrntWifqpatpdl&llrqf purtwlfwfi, ulmUflrwO t. lllrtw4w0 hn-
'lflWUR l').nLpu bti llfiwgbL qnrOwompJmupg: tiLObtntl WJU u4qpnLfiJJ~g' tntlflbpn, hum~·-Jp..,lllndla lUDIIHfilufmu~ bti Owt. [fw~b111l
.............JUdi tbu611iatdr.
232 233
3. ~wJgw~wO hntn4D ~rm11. tuOrJflt:J, qnnonqnLpJwO wOil~~w~wO w-
nwp~w gnLJQ Lnijnr,. nLI'\~11. fuOrw~ hntn40 t, nn[! QnLJQ t LnWL~u qnnon- p. uLnnpnq.blflw~wn ijbpwnflp[! (utnnpnqbttJO). LmftqwO d/1 qli-
1'\nLilJ"Lil ~wLnwnnq~ La ~UJI.."ltufllln'l~ hwpwpbpmpjmO, ntuLnfl La WJU hntn- f/lig/jwhwuw/j, uftpm~ fJiid.um/, dliO m ut.npwq WfPOpnt/ wqpft/j t:
4£! !~ ~wnn11. OmJOwg4bt n'! Lnl'lw~wuflO, n'! tt. llwOwLj,w011, mqqw~wO~ Up/1/jw l ~w. np hWJfllft L/l~md:
hbLn' [!ULn fln mObgwo ~llwul!lfl: t'u~ flO! 4bnwpbpmll t lll.atlO. w~w O~w . q. ~ntw~wO[!. "''U7U1t//1/1, fi/U1U1t/ft{1, qwpmuli[, liu pn lipqg t/w-
LnbO.R. nn hwJgw~wO hntn40 ntO~ lila~ JmnwhwLnnL~ lll'lul.annnul, npnij La f}ntg lid JUiiJ: UI.J-uil UJdllllifl, hliowgli:U...
Lnwnpbnqmll t tlJnLu hntni!Obp~g. WJO ~wnn11. t bp~m Lnwnpbp 6LawLtn: 'l· qnJw~wO npnzpm. Dw!J./1/j hwuwljo qlipmd lp pnJnp/1~: S~nfl.u
pmll utnwOwt Wl'lUlWhWjlllbL ~llWUUlWJflO qqwlfl bpwQqwqnpmllObn hm;lipnt/ wdn.u/1{1 hnqftu:
hwJgw~w'o hntnLtO w06p wnnLilnq L. hwjgw~wO hntnLtO fln~ wnnulnq (llfl b. wOijwOw~wO wOI'}bll Ciwtuwl'}wumpJWU Qttuw4_np WUrJWtl[!.
flb~.RnLil Ulpi.U~wOfl, llJmu rJbuwnttl mqqw4w0p OtlwO): 1u/Jm/j IJWJIIIbfl, dlip/j UJiiUIUJo... llwhwgnqft U1/Untf1 /jJW~J!: Uhw dlip
bq, ~O!~bu Q~wLnbL t q, Ul.aw~o. hWJQW~wO hntnLt~ lila[! ~bLn.R t qblllf!, tJiip qnt[UI[ q.btllf!.'
nnnObt Opw 6Lawqnnllw0 ~0.R0wtnfl~mf!JW0 llb2: l)w WJO t, np hWJ-
UbDUJ/fUJO hnLnl/i! gnLJQ t tnwtJlu ubpntll, ~wtn~wObtnLpJmO, hwUl-
gw~wO hntnlt[!. !nLObOwtnLt ~p ub~w~wO llL.w~wO L!bnQwqnpmpJm-
~wgnLil, wllpn1121l La llwup hwpwpbpmpJmO, m(ip 111'1 hntn4w~w0 hw-
0[!, oqLnqmtl t mqqw~w(j La tnpw~w(j hntni!Obpp lll.abppg' pp pllwu-
llw~wtnwutuwO ~l.abp[! hwtn~w~bu llbnwOijwOw~wO hntnLttlw(j llb~
LnWJPii bnwOqwqnnmllObnflg llb~[! (llnll wnnul[!) lli'1UI.annbtn4 mqqw-
J;!nLil, flu~ qnJw~wOObpflflb~.Rmll hwiSwtu OllwOqnul t ~nnw~wO hntn-
~wo~ lll.anq, flu~ llJnLU[! (wOllp wnmll[!)' ~nnw~wOp lll.anq:
Ltll ~l.abflpO, pbl.a nLOp ~1'1 wnw(j~QwhwLn~mpJmOObp[!, Owtu. np wp-
Uju~~unq, hwJgw~wO[! wnwOll~Q hntnLt t, .RWO~ nn WJO mOp ~1'1
LnWhWJLnnLil t qmLn w_nwp~wQbppllfl~l.a flPUI.anpqn'l. hwpwpbpmpjmO
WllWOl!QwhwLnm~ pllwUtn[! La llfiUI.annqnLil t p0,R0WU1fl~ ~l.awqnpllwllp:
La w~w· wntutnpp q.npo t woqmll wnwOg hnllfl: Ubnw~w(i hntni!O wp-
4. t:;q qbp2w~bu, hntnijw~w(j hwllw~wpq[! flWUW~WI'lQbtnL [!0-
tnwhwJLnqmll t -/1, -m, -UJO, ·JUJ~(w), -np, -t/w, -g hntnLtfl!Obpnq ~wll
pwgj;!mll, bnp wJCi Obn~wJwgqntll t hpOq. hntnltll hwllw~wnqnq La' w- hn 1nq w gmg~! Obp nij:
zw~bnLnObflp, li muwOnqmpJwO 21'12W0mll qqw1~ tuwnOwztflnp t w-
Ubnw~WO[! 11li'1W~w(ipg UlWI'lJ!bl'lqnul t Owl.a unw[lnq, np utinw-
llW2W0mll ~w~bnll tuOflnwnnLf!JWO hwngmll (ub11w~wO, ~nnw~wO) La
~WU[! w(i~wtuwpwp !~ q.np6w64_mlll.a pwnw~w~w~gmpjmOflg llnLPU
hwLn~w~bu' nLI'\P'l fuOilnfl ~flnwnmpJwO flb~J;!md, bnp tunuqmll t ub-
!P hwu~wgqmll, flu~ Ull'lW~wn[!, [!OI'}hw~wnw~[!. wO~wtuwpwp q.np-
11w~wO-Lnnw~wO La Lnl'lw~wO-hwJgw~wO hntni!Obnll hwnwpb-
6w6qmll La flp. OzwOw~mpJwllp zwtn ~wnq qflLnw~gqntll t,o flO!~bu'
nw~gnLJ}JWU llwuflO WJO wutnlliSwOfl, nn bnpbll(i m11fl11 tuOillll'lD ~wnn11
tanuzp Uq. Pw/jm~g/1~. ~wll hwtn~w~bu 4bf10wq.pbnnul La nL'l.bpllOb-
t Obn~wJwgLtbt OmjOpu~ ubnw~wO hntnLtnLt (ztflnpqmll bQ ubnw~wO
pmll, flO!~bu' ((l/UJffl/1/jftu», «=fWJ qpnq~lipft~.~~. «Opi.Jwti/1~» La wnli:
Lnl'lW~wO hntnLtwlll.abpo wOll~ wnllwO l'}b~.Rmll):
Ubnw~wO hntn4n4 b(i 'll'14mll.
l::itObtnLt qbnnh~zJwtflg' wnllll hwJbnbOp hntnLtllwO hwllw~wnqo
w. ~wLnqwgntg~U!· t;u ftd wtim; =fUJ}UJUIIIWiift wpl..whwtf pwn~
Obn~wJwgOmll bOQ Jnp hntn4n4' nLI'\1'\W~wO, ubnw~wO, Ull'lW~wO,
lid uftpnuJ: UJqnt ownlipo pmpmd~wt/liU1 ·ao:
hwJgw~wu, pwgwnw~wO, qnnoflw~wo La ObnqnJw~wO:
uzqw6 ~ppwnmpjntOGbpflllb~.RnLil ubnw~w(j hntnijnij ~wpnq t
fli.QQUJ/fUJD hnLmlo qnnon11 wO~~. bOpw~wJfl hntni!O t [!ULn ~ WpUlWhWJLnltbt n! llflWJU ~WUl~W0btnLPJnL0, WJLI.a ubpnul La 6wqmll:
llwuLn~. ll~wdwllwOw~ pwn~ nL'l~l'\. btw~bLnWJflO lll.a(i
t' hntnijw~w(j UJu~bu' bpb Upwtlft ~/jWfiD ~w~w~gmpJwO tlb2 ll~ rJb~.Rmll Gzw0w-
qnn Ltbn2wLtnpmi}JWilp: 4ntll t, nn (i~wp[! ~wtn~wOmll t UpwllflO (~wtn~wObtnLPJmO), w~w
nLI'\1'\W~W(j hntnqnq Wl'llllWhWJUlqmll b(i'
lljmu rJillq.RbpnLil ~wpn'l t wntnwhWjUlbt Owla ubpmlll.a 6wq.mll' Upw-
w. bOpw~wO. 1./wf}nflfJJW~ dwaw/Um!J.o tinupw~nuJ tp: llpO Obp~wjwg0n'l.l.a Unwllp ~n11llllg n~wpqw6 n~wp[!:
Uptlw~o qliqligft/j t lipqnuf: p. Qnjwqw(i nnnz~!l!· UUI uftpmtf !{1 UWfl/1 owqft/j, IJWJUI/1 ;m-
lUJO; tJ/jwO QIJipOwO wOm; oplipo:
234
235
q. 4nqdCiw~~ bCipw~wu. Utl111ft qnoww wud~/1 li;wli t: Uzw- ~WJQW~w(j hnLnLto. pwqllwp~Ll ~w1.4b11~ hb111 qn116'w6'LlllLnLt. ~w-
/;IIliUI/1 htmwliW[f! nWnL{}i/10 fJnLf1 ibljwtf: 11"'1. t WfllliWhWjUlbL (jwl.& ZW11WhjnLUW~w(j WJL L4W2111n(j(jb11:
'l· Uwuuw~~ pwgwhwJIII~!O· bf1£wli/l' dbf1 dWJflWJ!llifJWP/1 1/mrzng-
PwgwDwqwii hntnt/1! QnLJQ t IIIWLjlU pwgwr.llw(j, w(j2Will-
libp[J LwJii bli m qbrzbgftlj: Updwli/1 •pnnli/1/j/lu li/jwf1libf1[] QflWt//lt bli:
11w(j, hbowgllw(j ~l1wu111, WJ(j wow11~w(j, n11~9 u~uLtmll ~wl1 ub11ml1 t
Spwqwli hntnt/o gmJg t IIIWL~u wJ(j wnwJU4w(j, n11~(j hw(j- qn116'n11.nLPJnL(j[!, ~(j!1.4bu' 1/Uiwljo dwJo/lg libf1pu t pn[md: f11id UIW-
qnul, 11111L!nul, 11mnb(jnul t n111.&t w(j0 ~wl1 WllWI1~W l& QUill WJ'lll Wl1- f1liP UIJU fuwt/UJ{I wzjuwphftg:
Pwgwow~w(j hnLnLlo lll.&wl{n11Ltmll t -ftg 1.& mg t!.!:ir.2wLtn11nLPJnLG-
;..nwhWJUlnul t w~wi1~WJ~ 4w11 qn116'n11.mpJWO 11~21.& nt mrJ.Il.W~~npbu
(jbl1n4 1.& (jwfuw'lwumpJw(j l1b2 ~w11n11. t hw(j'lbu qwl fu[j'li1WJ~(j 1.&
'li1UI.&n11Ltn11 hWI1Wl!DI1nLPJm(j: S11w~wu hnLnLl~ Llbi12WLln11nLPJm(j(jbl1[!
u,w11wqwJw~w(j ~~11wnmpJm(j(jbl1n4 1.& l~(jnul t.
hpl1(jw~w(jnul GmJiill b(j, r.(j! Gzqbg ubr.w4w(j hnLnLl~ r.bu.u~ml1:
w) U(j2w1111lw(j w(jmll.ll.W~~ fu[j'l~l1· f11id wqwU11i'p wJu U1Wf1W-
S11w~w(j hnLnLlnLt h~l1(jw~w(jml1 qn116'w6'Llmll b(j hw(jql1w(j, llw-
dlif1d UUIRIIfl/lg: =ibowglimd l/lli n{1fJnLii olinrzftg, brzpwJf1[J bqpnpftg,
lllmgl1w(j w(jmll.ll.W~~ fu(j'l~l1(jbl1[!. 0{1/lliw/j • uwt/w/j[J dmnbgwt/ q.II-
lj/llil! wtlmulimg:
UIUJt/1/lli: 'lJUJf1QutJ hwlidli/Jg/lli hwqpnqftli:
p) ub11qn116'1lW(j w(jnLil.ll.W~~ fu[j'l~l1. n11[! un4ni1WPWI1 qn116' t w6'-
SpJ.U4wU hntnLtnLl b(j hW(jllbU qWL~U (jwl.& (jlJ!WIIIW~~ 1.4WI1Wqw(j' 4mll ~11wttn11w~w(j ubn~ pwJbl1~ hb111 1.& gmJg t IIIWL~u wJ(j wnw11~w(j,
UUI qfiwg Ul'lf!JnLf1 pp/1: 4jnLfJ l/lli /lpb[ wrzp/1/j UIIIuliii[fll, 11/Ulfl/1 nL /jn- Rl1~ qn116'n11.nLPJnL(j[! 9b11w~w(jw~w(j b(jpw~WJ~(j t 4bi1Wql14mll, ~(j!
/u/1. 111b11.~ 1.4WI1Wqw(j' lPbf1ftlibf1[J UWf1/l Q.L/u/lli hwtfwptJbgftli Q/llli{1nt/,
L4bu' tJwobp[J zwf1dt/md l/lli RUJdmg: Pwrzwp!J Qf1Wt/t/Jig pzliwdmg
dwl1w(jw~~ 1.4W11wqw(j' lmuwpwgftli liw pwf1d{1wgwt/ ljwfuwrzwli:
(ljwu· ljnrzd/lgt.
q) '-lbi1WPbl1mpJw(j fu(j'l~l1· lunumd l/lli lnotfw Rwpbp/lg: 'lJwUI-
=iwHJwqwli hntnt/o 1.&' Ol.&nLt, 1.&' ~l1wu111nLl ~(j9Um11mJ(j, wnw(j-
dmd t/lli /1{1/ilig gwt/ m IJWfiiJ/Ig, ftf1blig /jJUJiiR/Ig:
O~(j hnLnLl t. gmJg t IIIWL~u wow11~w1~ 1.& qn116'n11.nLPJW(j llfl21.& nLil.ll.W-
'l) Uwu(jw~~ nLil.~ll fu(j'l~l1[!. 3UJf1U lt judbg lfJ ppftg: U/1 11/WUJWO
~nttb(j qpuWl{lLtnrt hwi1WPbl1nLPJm(j 1.& !(jWJW6' Ol.&nLl (jllw(j t nLil.ll.W-
/jbf1UJI/ ub. hwgftg:
~w{ip(j 1.& Uli1W~W(ijl(j, PWJQ ~11 WI1111WhWJIIIW6' ~11wuumLtl.& ZWI1Whjm-
b) Sbll.~. dwl1w(jw~~. L4WU1tiwn~. h~llm(j9~ L4W11wqw(jb11, ~(j!
uw~w(j ~~11wnmpJwl1p pnLn11nLl~(j IIIWI1Pbi1Llml1 t (j11w(jg~g: ~WJQW
L4bu' uw fJnLf1U b/jwt/ fuwt/UJ{1 qliqwliftg: UJfJ 11/WU1UnLPJnLii[J
~w(j hntnLtnLl hjumw~w(jml1 WI1111WhWJIIILlml1 t nL'1.~'1. fu[j'l~l1[!. WJ(j QW[/IU !{1 h/lli dwdwliwljlibf1frg: Ujli optfwliftg liw WJfJ pwli[J t/1
~11n11. fu(j'll1~ hntnLl(j t. 0{1/lliw/j. U/lf1ntd lid dbf1/Jf1/j/lliR!J dmq, ppbfi!J
dnowgb[: tit/ hwnw[bgftli tlinlibf1[J gwt/ftg:
pftlip, t/llfl! tnLJJii: uw t/b{1g{1bg pwdw/jf!: q) Q.nJw~w(iw~w(j w(j11wl1~ LI1Wgml1, ~(j!1.4bu' Pf1fJftg t/bf1Wf1/jnL, fubt-
~WJQW~w{i hntnLtnLl bl1~11"11'lW~w(j [jzw(jw~mpJwl1p ~w11n11. b(j
pftg 11/WUinLhWU, U11iUflfJnLPJnL/iftg fJnLJL, pO/IUJ q/iwgpftgl.& WJL(j:
WI1UlWhWJU1LlbL (jwl.&.
w) Sb11.~ 1.4WI1Wqw(j' Uwf1nli WU11ig /1{1 UUJf1fJnLii, 1/JwfuwtJ b/jwt/ Qnpo/Jwqwli hntnt/li m(j~ nt/ 1.& p 4bl12w4nl1nLPJm(j(jbl1[! 1.&
/1!1 hnf1 mmli: tit/ ftlipo pbpb. utwgwt/ bp/Jf1: QnLJQ t IIIWL~u WJ(j wnw11~w(j, n11ntl ~wll n11~ ll~2ngn4 ~wlllwl14mll t
p} dwl1w(jw~~ 1.4WI1Wqw(j' U/1 wnwt/nU1 tfbf1 ljwgwlj qliwg pw- qn116'n11.nLPJnL(j[!: Q.n116'~w~w(j hnLn4~ h~ll(jw~w(j ~~11WilnLPJnL(j[! (jw-
lfUJR: Udbli Of1 /jwliqlimd l{111/UJU1lQWdpmd b. liwjmd hbom- tuw'lwumpJw(j l1b2 11~2ng~ w(jnLil.ll.W~~ fu(j'l~l1(j t. ~(j!1.4bu' SwliUib-
liJif1tJ: {1lif1f! wq m hwgnt/ fJftdwt/n{1bgftli hJnLf1bf1ftli: lmuwpwgftli li{1wlip
q) ul1.jWIIIW~~ 1.4WI1wqw(j' 4ftf1w/j/l Of1!J mjuUI bli qlimd: fit/uWf1fJ db/jlibgftli /lliRiiwp/lnntJ:
pb{1 ljftp: Q.nl16'~w~w(j hnLn4n4 ~w11n11. b(j WI1111WhWJIII4bL.
'l) ~wlfl m 9w(jw~~ L4W11wqw' Udbli hlilJnLii[J fJ.LU11lif1 t Wll/f1nLU: w) ub11qn116'1lw(j w(jm11.11.W~~ fu(j'l~l1· Udll/bf1[] 6w6/jt/bgftli dw-
Qfrf1pli wf1dli hWf1Jnlf1 f/11Wd: owjumqntJ: tif1/jftlip[J Lgt/bg dowJL UJUII/Df1nt/:
236 237
p) Sbq~ ~wpwq.wu. 4wpwifwp/if1fJ/1.RWf1Wt/lm/ pwf1d{1w/Jnul t/1/J
/if1/ip dfrwl/n{1: Pw;[nul l/1/J qw/JUJfWQWf1fJ 11/nl.fiW/tm/: dwllwuw~ wnwul:l~u tullpl:in ~nl:iug hnLn4w~wu l:IL.w4nnmll[! uLnw-
q.) dwllwuw~~ ~wpwq.w. (/)/if1ft/Jbf1f! UWf1/1 QLfu/1/J hwifwpifbgfr/J unLil t;(j LnW!1Pl:i(\ ~l:il1l.lfn4, nnnuJ? llwuuwttnnw~bu hWUI)bu b(j Q.WL~U
qft;hflnl/: Ul:ift/Jugft Wf1dwftmf1fJ tlbq wtlumt: ubow~w(j hnLn4~ Ul:i2: Ubnw~w(j hnLnLl~ WJI) LnWI1Pbnw~~! uzwuubnn
ll) ~L.~ ~wnwq.w. ltw hftwgtlm/J,Rnl/ l{l junumtl f!/Jftbf1np tlwufr/J: ~nt4nLil t;(j hnLn4~tubn ~wll hnLn4mllul:in: CuLn ul:inw~wu hnLn4~
ltw ifwqiiJnl/ w/Jgwif nqp U1Wf1W6RtF l:IL.w4nnllwu' dwllwuw~w~~g hwJI:inl:iumll Lnwnpbn4mll bu' /7, m., w,
b) =!~llmut?~. ~wLntSwn~. !Wlfl m J?WUW~~ ~wnwq.wul:in[!. S/Jof1/i- UJii, qw, np, n, g hnLn4~!Ul:il1[!:
/Jft hpwtJwlinl/ /J;wliwl;l/bg w;fuwtmulipfr: ltw pwgwqw;lig uuu/Jfrg 11/JI{ =lwJI:inl:iu~ hnLn~llwCI l:IL.l:in[! h~llCiw~wumll ~wqll~mll bCI bnl:ie
zwpwpm/: fituw/Jnqf! Q/1f1RIJ q/Jbg hwqw{1 fJf1UJtlm/: bqwCiw~n4.
q) Q.njw~wu npnz~W· :b!iU1f1.l:i q[Juwp/fm/ tlUJf1fJD U1liuwl/ q/Jnp w) Pwn~ ttnw w~l:iLwumll bu hnLn4w~wu 4bn2w4nnmpJmuul:in[!.
Ull//JU1Wq lfW/tWU1fJ.' fitumg/JiiJ U/Jf1nLtlff1 ju/Jdnpm/ U1flftlW.' ~U!l.lfl:iu' 6wn - 6wn+/1, /tWf1fJWL - _ltWf1fJWf+nL, Of1 - Of7+1/w, RnLJ/1-
pf1+np.
ubpQnjUJ/iUJfi hn[nt/[J ~wqll4nul t -nuf4l:ii12W4nl1nLPJWilp L. QnLJQ t p) Pwn~ 4l:in2uwhuvmu t'.twJCiw4nn~ ~wll pwqwt'.twJU~ lflnlfln-
LnWLPU WJU Lnl:i'l.[!, npLnl:iq L. nn~ uwhllwuul:inmll ~wLnwn4nLil t q.npon- tumpJwllp, on~uw~· WJQ/1- w;qm, U{1wtlb/Jp- U{1wtlb/Jg:
qnLpJnLU[!: vl:inq.njw~w(j hnLn4n4 hWUI)bU l:i(j Q.WL~U Lnl:i'l.~ L. dwllw- q.) Pwnwll~2~ c!IWJUW4nn~ ~wll bn~h!ivmu~ LflmtmtumpJwllp.
uw~~ ~wnwq.wul:in[!. ~U!L.tfl:iu' v{1w/Jp qnl/mtll/1/J tlWf1U7/11JUI}U7nl.tl:
011~(jw~· U7nL/J- U1W/J, hWj{1- hn{1, hn{1/ifJpWj{1- hn{11iqpn{1:
lf/1 UIW(InLtl WI/Wf1U7if/Jg w;juWU7WURfJ.' 11UJDWUnl.li UIW(Inl.tl /Jw w]u CuLn wmll tL hnLn4mllul:in[! pwdwuttmll bu l:in~m tullp~.
ll/1 RW21iL /1!1 Of1nLtl: ' UnLnwJ?~U pl:iJ?Ilwu· fr, m, w/J, qw, np, g L. ul:inJ?~U pl:iJ?Ilwu· m, n:
=!wJI:i!1l:iUmll nt pnLnl'l q.nJw~wuubnu l:iu, nn ul:inq.nJW~w(j t;(j ~wq
llmll -m.t14l:in2w4nnmpJwllp: qnJw~wuul:in~ qq.wL~ llwu[! WJU hnLn4[! ft hnLntJnuJo dwllwuw~w~~g hwJI:inl:iu~ wlll:iuw~buumuw~ hn-
~wqllmll t ul:inw~wu hnLn4~ L. tlbp ~w~~ ~Wl.lfW~gmpJwllp: UJu q.nJW- Ln4nLilu t. w1u hnLn41lwu bu l.lfWLn~wumll q.nJw~wuul:in~ tSuznq lll:iow-
~wuul:in~ tullp~u l:iu l)wuttnLil. llwuCimpJnLU[!: r LnW!1J!l:il1nLPJnLU lljnLU hnLn4mllul:in~' WJU hnLn41lw(i
w) '-!l:inwgw~wu q.nJw~wuul:in[!. pwpmp;m/J, wq/Jifmp;m/J, dn- blipwn~4n'l pwnl:inn n't aL.wpwunpbu, n't tL ~llwuLnwpwunnl:iu LnWI'l-
qniff1fJWI/Wf1nLPJnLIJ, qqwgnul, pnf1pnpmtl, qw{1tlw/Jp, pwfu/16, li{1/t- pbnw~ttwo tbCI: UJu wnnLiln4 tL WJCI ~nt4mll t [!UI)hwunw~wu ~wll
JnL!l, 1/Wfu, U/if1, UW{1UWt/1 L. WJLU:
hwuwnw~ hnLn4nLil:
p) =lwLnnL~ L. hwuwnw~ wuc!Juwumuul:in[!. U;nU7, U/Jwh/1U7, =iwu-
=lnq.uw~~ 94~ ubnw~wumll /1 hnLn4~! b(j ULnWUmll uwL. WJU q.n-
tl/1/t, <./whw/J;w/J, pwqwifnf1, q;mqwg/1, p;/Jwtl/J, muw/Jnq, U1UOf1/i/J,
JW~WCIUI:i!1[!, nnnUJ? bqw~~mll ~WLn~wumll b!i WJL hnLn4mllubn~. ~li!
pd/J;q, /JqpWj{1, hWj{1, tlWj{1 L. WJLU:
~bu' fJ/Jft/if1 - fJ/Jft/if1np, J!WJQ' fJ/Jft/if1/J/if1/J, 0{1 - 0{11/W - Of1/if7/J, dmq-
q.) =!w4WJ?W~wu ~llwuLn wnLnwhwJLnn'l. L. dwllwuw~ gnLJQ Ln4n'l
ll~ ZWI1J? pwnl:in. U{1wtlb/Jp, <./Wf1fJW/Jw/Jp, lt/1f7wft/1, wnwl/nU1, lnf1/ip-
wnu:
dftw/J- dft/Jiif7/1, q/1/J/1- qfr/Jm - qfr/Jfr/Jiifl/1 L.
;wpp/J, wtlwn, qw{1m/J, dtlbtJ L. 'wnu: fl1. hnLntJnuJii mCI~ l:in~m Lnwnpbnw~· p-m. hbnpwq.wJnLPJWilp'
nuqfr - nuqm, w;q/1 - w;qm, qpnlm. · Qf1liL - Qf1liL m, /UW!lWL - fuwqw-
LnL, PDlliL- pnfliLnL L. WJLU:
UJU hnLn41lwu bCI ~WLn~wumll P"L"I'l J!WJI:il'l~ wunnnz l)bl'lJ!WjCib-
qnJw~wuubp~ hnLn4nLil[! hnLnttubn~ wllpnq2nLPJnLUU t ~wll q.n- 11[!' Q{1lif - Q{1lifnL, qW{1fJWL- qW{1fJWfnL, U/1{1/if- U/Jf1bfnL.'
JW~wuubn~ ~pwo LflnLflntumpJmuul:in[! hnLnttubn~ ll~2ngn4: =!nLn44nq r t'.twjliw4nnn4 4bi12WQn'l. pwnl:il'l[! Lnn/1- Lnnm, Q;mt1{1/1- Q;mt1{1m,
pwnl:in~ hnLn44l:iLm n11.2 hwllw~wnq.[! hnLn4mllu t: Pwnbn~ hnLn41lwu w;q/1 _ w;qm, p;/Jwtl/1 - p;/Jwtlm, muw/Jnqmh/1 - muw/Jnqmhm, d/1 -
dfrm, ~(j!~l:iu uwL. tlWf1fJ, wtlmu/1/J, w/Jqnq/1/J, UuU71/wO'q.nJwltwuubnn:
238 239
UO hn[m/tlwO U(WI11~wGo11. qoJw~wGGb(l[! ubllw~wOnul \.Unw-
=!wjbpbCi~ hOLO~IlwG hwllw~w(lqpg llnLI"U bG llCimll uwhliwuw-
Onul b[i wO ~b(12W~o(lmpJnlG[!: '1pwCi9 bG qpwpw,oul 0 ~b(120W
lflw~ p~o~ qoJw~wGGbp, O(lOG!! hw111~w~bu ubnw~w[i t.. 111pw4wG ho-
h0iJOLU mCibgn11. pwnb(ll! · pbn - pbnwli, qwn - qwnwli, flnl.n - flllLUO,
Lo~wllt..bpmll 111wppbp~oul bCi lljmu hoLo~GI:ip~g: UJU ~wpq~ hnlo~m
dmq - dqwO, nul wOwCigo~ ~wqlll[wO pwJwGmGCibpn· nwnuJ- nw-
ll[! ~Oi~mll t wnwliL. ~wll qwrunm11.~ hOLO~mll: UnwliL. hoLo~mllGb(l[!
tlwO, owqmtl- tJwqtlwO, QWflnLU, wtlwn, WlnLU, dtlbn pwnb(l[!, tlw-
~wro11. bCi L~GbL ~Gi~bu Wf1111WRtJG, WJG~bu t.. Gbpe~G l)bellwu, tJGl-
Omlj hwuwpw~ qoJw4wCi[!, ~u~ ~b112~Ciu op~bu hw111m~ wCimO, wOll-
. ~bu' ubp-uftpn, hm;u-hmun, wqpftlj- wqpl;w, QWfflLUU1- QUJfUU1JWD,
liwOmu bGpwp~qoul t /7 hoLo~llwG' llwOml;ft:
tJOmO!J - 60D!JJWU, /;npmuU1 /;n{IUU1JWU, !JflLUU1f1 - !JUU7bf1. /;W}Ufl -
t;w;ubp: vz~wo liL.bp~g 2WI11b(l[! op~bu hGwpwCimpjmGCib!'l WJlhU -
r./w hn[nl/mtl: Ubnw~wGmll f/w ~b(12W~O(lnLPJmCi bCi u111wCimll
qopOwOw~wCi tbG, ll!'lWCig p~~[j t ~w111~wGnul Gwl.t tlwtlJn Olt[l liw-
hpllGw4wGmll ctwllwGw~ QnLJQ 111~011. pwnb!'l[f op, U7W{I/1. wtlftu, zw-
. tlntL/1 LflotuwpbCi:
pwp, qftzbp, w;uop, gbpbl;, w;dtl. znnn l.t wnG: dwllw0w4 QnLJQ 111~011.
pwnbpp lljmu llwun ~w1114wGmll t /7 hoLn~llwG, ~GtUjbu' pnUfb·/1,
f/WJ{I/;)WU-/1, f1Wf1 - f1Wf1/1 lt WJLO: ~bo.I.US)'IlJ, t'tUUUSUSt'tlJ to.l. ~b4.UttUUUSU3N,
~nLn<.~.mlllttl"
flp hnJnl/tlwO ~w1114wGmll bCi wqqw4gw~wCi ~w~b(l W!'1111W-
hwJUl011. m wGll GzwGw4ol1. q.nJW4wCifib(l[! • wObp-np, [JOf/b{l·np, ljO-ffp, UnwfillpCi qnJw4wGCib!'ltJ n11L.t hnLn~llwCi lJ.IWI114wCibLrtPJnLCi(l b!'l-
U7bf1-U7/1f1np, Jlni.Jf1·Jlf1np, tlGi~hu Gwl.t WJrl pwnbpn~ f\ppl.t ~b!'12Gwpw- pbllfi npoz~oul t G11wGg W!'1111WhWJI11W0 pllwu111n~ ~wl1llho~. b11pbllG'
11.WI'\fl~l ~wqlll[wO pw(lll pwnbp[!' juwqoOI;bp-np, Jl/iowljftO - Jlbnw- L.' ~llwu111o~, L: lll.tn~: Cu111 wjqll UJW(lpbpw4~mli bG ~llwuutwj~G.
I;Onp, ub¢wl;wOwU7bf1- ubl/1wl;wOwU7ftf1np t.. wnfi: liL.wJ~D L. liL.w~llwuutWJ~O hnLn~mllGbp:
Unu~ llltwJ~Ci pllwu111 mOh /7-m hbfiPWQWJnLPJWilp 4wqll~o11. 1n-
8 hnJnl/llwO ~w1114wGmll bG bOp, wOp, mOJl, nOJl wOwGg(ib- Ln~mll[!, ewCi~ n11 WJU llhUIRnLtl wnwOllpG pwnbp~ hnLn~tlwG UIWLil-
!'10~ ~wqll~WO hw~W,9W~W(i ~llWUI11 W(1111WhWjlllnl1. QOJWlfwfiQb(l[l' 4wGbLntpJnLG[! "1'1"2~mll t CipwOg at..n~. WJUtJOeG' -/7 ~b(12W~opmp
UpwtlbOJl - UpwtltiOg, t./.Wf1f/WULU0Jl- t./.wpqwOwOg, tJf;pnDJJ- dtT{InDg, jnL0 mGI::igo11. Q"lJW~w(jQbp[! UIWLn~wGoLil bO nL W!'lLnWBtJ(j hnLn~llwfl,
t./.wliqmOJJ- t./.wOq.mOg l.t wnG: tJCitUibu' w;q/7- w;qm, qft0/1- qftOm, wqwl/0/1- wqwf/Om: nLpbllO WJU
hnto~mtln ~ni~nul t ~ltwJ~O hnLn~mll:
U Obp,e/10 hnJnl/tlwO bG ~w1114wGnul -mp;mO Uf(JwCign~ l"llWULIIWJPCi htJtl!!bJl mfibCi 1/W L. np hnLn~mllObp[!, QwOh np
4wqll~w6 qnJw4wGObp[!· JlWpmp;mO - pwpmp;wO, utbU111J.fJ)nL0 - (jl~WO hnLn~mllObp~Ci d~ llbUIQnLll L4Wili~WGmll b(i WJii qnjw~wOOb
IJI/unrup;wO, llpmp;mO -11/lntp;wO, .fiJI.Ihll:if'I2UWhiiHJtdi mCtbgnll. I!W- fl[!, n11nfie dwtlwGw~ b[i gmJg 111WL~u. ~Oi1.4bu' Of1 - opf/w, U1Wf1/J -
nbrt[!' 4;m0- d;wO, wOq;mO -wliJt;wO, wp}IJW- Ulfl}WU b. w1~: UJwpljw, wtlftu - wtluf/w lt bp4pn(lqJlbl4QnLtl. np hotn~tlwO 1.4 wm~w
UJu hnLn~llwtlp t hoLo~~nul liwL. wOmliJ!WD[! (wOmwO): Omll bG wqqw~gw~wO hwpwpbpmpJmfi gmJQ 111~n11. pwnbl'l[!, tJOi-
~bu' pm;p- Jlpnp, /;/10- I;Onp, ul;bump- ul;bupnp:
n Ob(IJ}/10 pb,enuJo Lnbflh t mObGnul w;-n hbppwqWJnLPJWG UJu hnLn~mtlOb(l[! ~n!~mtl bO ~llwui11WJ~O hnLn~mllCibp:
hbUlL.WCiRn~: UJu hnLn~llwO bO lllWLll~wOmll wqqw~gw~wli hwpwpb- l"llwulliWJ~G t hwllwp~mll Owl.t w; - n hnLn~mll[!, QWO~ op WJU
(lnLPJnLCilibp WflLnWhWJLnnll. pwnbfl[! l.t OpwCign~ ~wqtl~wo PWJlJlnLp- hoLn~llwCi UIWI11~w0mtl bCi hw;p, tlw;p, bqpw;p qoJw~wGObp[!, 0!'10GQ
JnLOObp[!, ~O!Uibu' hw;p - hnp, tlw;p - tJnp, lfwOwhWJfl - lfwOwhnp, ~llWUIIIWJ~G [!GilhWGJlnLI)JnLOObp mObG, pwJg upwG9 ll~wdwllwGw4
ljOpwtlw;p- ljfiJJwtlnpl.t wnG: mCibG Gwl.t llhwJ~G [!flllhwGpmpJmGGbp: ~w[i ll~ zwpQ p.wnbp, npoOg
hnLn~llw(i UIWI11~wGbLnLPJnLG[! npnz~mll t llpwdwtlw[iw~ ~.t• ahmL l.t'
240 16•
2-ll
~tlwulllnij: UJUUjbu' g wpll1W9~0 pb91lwO UjWlll~wOnLil bO WJO qn)w-
UOI/1 - 6wqnuJ - 6wqt1w0116wqnu1/1. qwwwpmtl - qwwwp-
4wOObpQ, npn09 mObO nOp, wlip, blip ijbp2wl{npmpJnL00bpQ, pwJg u tJwO//qwwwpmtl/1, IJWUnlU - IJWUUWO//IJWUnlU/1, pbo - pbowullpbnfl,
W!llllWhWJlllnLil tO hW4W9W~W0 ~I.'IWUlll, ~O!Ujbu' Qf1ftqnpb0p - Qp/1- 6m0/;- 60qw01160qftl.& WJLO:
qnpbOg, l/wf11JWliwOp - "Wf11JWliw0g, tlbf1nlip - tlbpnlig u wnO: UJu fl/m.//1- WJ{1/1- Wj{1nli/WJ{1/1/1. lfbf]{1/1- lfbf}{1nt.lllfbf}{1/1/1l.& WJLO:
fullp~ hnLnLlnLilObpQ ~ntllmll bO ~llw~llwUlllWJ~O hnLnijmtlObp: nvwl/1- UjnlO- UjWOI/ujm0/1. djmO- djwOI/djmOftl.& waO:
UJUUjbu bO Owu -nul w6w0gnij ~wqllijwo pwJw0nLfi0bf11:!' qwmw- "wl/1- op-opljw/lop/1, dwtJ- dwtlljwlldwtlftl.& wnO:
f1nuJ, 6wqnuJ, nf1nlnll1, hbnwgmtl u WJLO, npn09 mObO llb~ oOqhwOmp Swlil/1 - l/Jwfumuw - l/lwfuuwjwO//l/Jwfunww/1. hwOqftuw -
~llwulll, np UIWJilwOwijnpijw6 t -nulwbwOg~ ~llwulllnij:_nLpbllfi Ozijwo hw0QUU7jW01/hw0quU7/1, QWJnlUU7- QW[UU7jW01/qWJnlUU7fl.'
qnJw~wOObpQ ~l.£w~llwulllwJ~0 hnLnLtllwO bO UjWlll~wOmtl, 9wO~ npll~ flpl/1- U7W[ - U7W[npi/U7WJ/1, uqbump. uqbupnpl/uqbump/1. (JOI;bf7 -
qbUj9nLil m(ib(i ~UWJ~O Q0qhw0pnLpJnL0' -nul wowOg, llb4 WJL qbUj- fJO/;bpnp/1 {}0/;bpftl.& wnO:
9nLll Owl!' ~llwulllWJ~O· pwJwOmO bO, ijbpwgw~wO qnJw~wOObp bO: ~ Pwgwow~wOnull& qnpb~w~wOnul.
uw~llwulllWJ~O bO Owu -mp]mOLlbp2wowOg mObgnrt qnJw~wOObpQ, n- flLg//lg- WJU qmqw~llmpJmOO wnw2wOnul t m hnLnLttlwO pwnb-
pn09 tl~wdwtlwOw~ ijbpwgw~wO qnJw~wOObp bO, 0/m hntnLtnul[! w- . 11~ pwgwnw~wo~ qbuumul. 9wO~ np ftlm hbppwqwJmp!wtlp ~wqll
Onpnz qbppWJ~ qbUj9nLtll& wnO: Ltnrt pwnbpiJ ulllwOmtl bO -mg ijbp2wLtnpmpJmO, ~OtUibu nuq/1- nu-
bppbtlO lllWPPbflw~Ltmtl t Owu UjWllltlw~wO hnLnLlmllQ, np[! pOn- qmg, qft0/1 - qftOmg, PWJQ U0/1 - UOmg, UOftftg, lfbf]f7/1 - lfbf]{1nlg,
pnz~mtl t UjWllltlw~wO qwpqwgtlwtlp, UIWllltlw~wO qnpbnOObpnij, lfbf}f7/1ftg, PbObl]/1- Pb0bl}mg- Pb0b1J/1/1g ll WJLO:
flpwOg~g bO' wtlmu/10- wtlnwOm, t1Wf71J - t1Wf11Jnl, Uuwljw6- Uuw- Pwgwnw~wOmll qmqw~llmpJmOObp bO wnw2wOmll QUlll lllW-
6m, 1IJWf7 - IJWf7m, ~O!Uibu Owu· tlmq - tlqwO, dmq - dqwO, IJnLO - pwh~ll9 ~wqllnLpJmOObp~. WJU~090' pwgwnw~wO hnLnLl!! ll~ llbUI-
IJOWO, ~wtl' umq - uqn, hmju - hnwn, U/WLn/11/ - U/WLnt/n, 1JnlULnf1 - 9nLil ~wpnrt t ~wqllijbL lllllW~wO~g, llb~ WJL llbUI9nLil' nLrtllW~wO~g.
1JULnbf1l.& OtlwO ~ubp[!: ~O!Uibu' op - opfrg, opljwOftg, wnwljnw - wnwljnwftg - wnwljnwljw-
Oftg, {}0/;bp- {}0/;bpnpftg//tJO/;bpftg, 2mO- 20ftglllw0ftg ll wnO:
Q.npo~w~wO hnLnLtnLt qmqw~llmpJmOObp bO wow2wOmll hwlll-
~WUibu -mtll.& mpjmO wowOgObpnij ~wqllmpJWO qbUI9nLll, npn09
/ Q.n)w~wOObp~ hnLnLltlwO dwtlwOw~ hwlSwfu tl~l!OmJO pWD[! ~w ~wpnrt bO ~wqllllbt -p ll-nt/Llbp2wLtnpmpJmOObpnij, ~O!Uibu' 6wqmt1
pflll t WfllllWhWJlllijbL lllWppbp hnLnLlwOl!bpnijl! UjWlll~WUbL WJU ~wtl - 6wqt1wt1p - 6wqmt1nt/, 2Wf1dmt1- 2Wf1dtlwt1p - 2Wf1dmt1nt/, [!Ulll
~ /wJO hnLnLltlwO[!, np[! I£ hwtlwpijmtl t hnLnLlw~wO qmq.w~llmpjmO: npmll' WJUlllbrt WllW2~0 qbUj9nLil qnpO~W~WO[l ~wqllijmll t ll1!1W~W-
U. UuWlllflJWO[! O~wlllmtl t, np Lbqijmtl hnLnLlw~wO qmqwOllmp-
0~g, ~u~ bp~pnpq qbU19mll' mrtrtW~wO~g. OnLJO ~llnll Owl!' pwpmp-
JnLOObp~ wo~wJnLpJnLO[! h~tlOw~wOmll pwgwlllpijmtl t dwllwOw~w
JnlO - pwpmp]wtlp - pwpmpjmOnlj, t1b6mpJmO - t1b6mpJWUf! - t1b-
~~g hwjbflbO~ /1 hnLnijtlwO q.bp~zfunrt ll~l19nll, ~l!Wj~O, ~llWUlllWJ~O.
6mpjm0nt/, hbpnumpjmO- hbpnumpjwtlp- hbf1numpjm0nlj:
~l.£w~tlwulllwJ~O hnLnLtmllObp~ ~mfuObpqnponLpJwtlp, ~O!Uibu Owu
/1 ijbp2wLtnpmpJwllp m hntnLttlwO UjWlll~wOnrt 1.'1~ 2WI19 qnJw-
dwtlwOw~w~~g hwjbpbO~ hnLnLltlwO ~llbp~O qmqwhbo qpwpwpJWU
hnLnLtw~wO ~l.£bp~ wn4WJnLPJWtlp :
76 ~wOObp qnpo~w~wOmll /1 ijbp20whOi)mOo bppbtlO UjWhUiwOmll bO,
1nLnLlw~wO qmqw~l&mpjnLOObp[! h~tlOw~wOmtl 04wlllbL~ bO ub- ~U~ bppbllO' nt, ~OtUibu' WU/W/;/1 - WU/W/;ftnlj/IWU/W/;nt/. WJQ/1 - Wj-
nw4w0, lllpw~wO, pwgwnw~wO, q.npo~w~wO hnLnLlObpmtl, ~O!Uibu' qnlj//wjqftnif, nu/;/1- nuqnljllnuqftnt/ ll waO:
ubnw4w0, lllpw~wOmtl.
76
ll. UUWIIlllJWli, li2tf.W2tu-. t2 92: 243
242
qnsUlfUul" UflUUL ~tf\U4UuU4UL liUf\q(! np~ llwupO hwrtn!1fl4.nLtl t WllW2PU wuqwll, OflpCiwlt' POplWPnLJ(I OW![-
f;wOg h(lb![bO fuwf[ni/ cfu;U7ml1 l;{j Onpftg wOutUJD m dnp1111f: uw uftpml1
4njw4wup wmlwu pbpw~wuw~wu ~wpqo lllwppbpw~Lj_nul t bp- tp bflQ m tJwqftq, 4w•r npnztl! tflwgmtl t u111wOmll npU.t ftOJ-nfl, npu/1-
4m 1.11Wf1Wlllbuw4Gbpnf npnzJWt~. wunnnzp L. wOO~ m Pl1/1 ~wll wO- gb, WJf, npn2. mf//12. ftl1fiL. (nlwO wOnnnz 'lbflwumOOI:inntt. tJO!Ull:iu· UpJ
o~ L. n! wOfl~: Culll npmll' bp~m !JI:ipw4wliw~w0 ~wpql:ipu tL npnzLj_nul 11wuo np!Jl q/101/n(l JU1/1U7/1 f111w0wp: CMp/10 11nU7bgwl/ ftOJ-nfl hwlfw-
l:i(j hw~WI'}(lnl!}JWUp: funfl!J.' uw tunphml1 tp WJ!J JJwuftO JniflWPUJ01JnLfl Of/, wl1b0 dwl1:
nlln2JWL~• wunnnzp (~Wtl W11~WJWQI1wu) ~W(lQ[! hl:i(iLj_mu t qnjW· UOnpnz wnllwO wpll1whwJI1lntpJwO OlawpwOw~wO 4wnL.np ll~2n-
~wOObpp [!OI'}hwOmpla uwuuwLj_np pllwuliiOI:ip~. Opwug ljlnfuhwpwpb- 90 11/1 wOnpnz hn!'l0 t, nno Owqmll t 11/1 pttw~wupg: lf/1 wOnr.nz hn'lQ L.
flnL~JmOOI:ip~ Lj_pw, ~wOp np wplllwi?pO wzfuwphp wnwp~wObpO m 11/1 p4.w4w0o ctwllw0w4w4flg hwJbflbOmll fllan4 L. 'lPPEnLl 111wppb·
bplantjpUI:ipQ llbq bO Obp4WJW0nul pppla hWjlllOp, Owunp, tlwuOw~p. pw~ttw6 thO, OpWUE hw!Swtu U1WflpbflW~Llm.ll b(j zl:iz111mt. um.J.npw-
i.jwtl pppu nt hwJ111Up, n1 owOnp L.IJUI'}hwump ~pnqmpJmGubp: pwp 11ft-O nplijbu pttw4w0 zb2111 t ~nmu, pu4 "fll4bu wOnnnz hnl) zbzll1
qnJw4wO~ npnzJWL wnmtl[! gnljg t ll1Wtflu fununqpO hWJU1Up, !P 4pmll 4wll W(lU1WUW04mll t pmn zbzU1n4. flutU,JI:iu' uw 11/l'oO/;b(l
6w0np ~wll llwuGw~p wnwp~wObp, hwu~wgmpJmOubp, WJU wpll1w- m0/1 L. uw 11/1 oOI;bfl mli/1. lf/1'11w(I!J mbuw:
hwJU1Lj_nul t ~bpw~w0w4w0 111wppbp tlf12ngubpnLj_ L. wLlbOpg wnw2 11 toO!l4bu G4w111mtl t U. Uuwll1pJW0Q, 11/1 hn'lP hpll0w4w0 OzwOw-
L. 0 hnl)bpnLj_: 4ntpJntOO WJO t. nfl qnjw~wup oO'lhWOntfl pllWUU1[! ~n04pbU1wgumtl,
Cu111 npmll· £iz4.w6 hnl)bp(! ctwllwuw4w~pg hWJbpl:iflnul 'lflLlnttl llwuOwLj_npnLll t bqw~p. wuhw111 wnwp~wJ~ 2nlfl20. PU!l4bu· mmO-
bO llpwJO nlfl'lW~wO L. 111pw4wu hntn4.0bpp ttpw, 11 hn'lo 'lPLlnul t pw- d/1 V7m0, tlwp!J- 11/1 l1wflfJ, own- 11/1 own, 1;/10- ·11ft /;/10 L. wno. wl4w·
qwOwJOntt 4.hP2WQn'l pwnbpp ttnw (Lflw4 ttw04). pu~ 0 hn'l[!, 0WJUW- nnnz~! hnl)n4. qnfl6W04.w0 qnJW~WO[! QnLJQ t U1WL~U U1LlJWl 111huw4p
4.npntt ttbppwgnrt qnJW4wCiOI:ipp ttnw (pwg ttwu~). PU!Ulbu' own(o}. tl~ npnzw~~ wnwp~w. L. WJL wnwp~WJP [!OillpntpJnLO[! pwgwnttw6 t,
PWfl(O). UJ2W/;b(IU7(0}, WJQ/1(0}, wnm(O}, /;WU7nL(0}, W(:,Btu(O} L. WJLU: ~U!l4hu· KQ/lf/PO mm {1, Upnno ifbpgpm · U. OwJ/1/1. pu~ 11/1 wOnpnz hn-
qnJw4wOOI:ip[! hplluw~wumll nnnzJWL wnmtlntt bG qnp6w6ttnu1, bflp l)nLI. qnp6w64.w6 qnJw~wO[! QntJQ t lllWLPU ~wlllwhw6 wnwn4w0'
w) Ubnw4w0 hntn4.~ hb111 b(i ~wl4ttnul L. ~ppla hwll1~WQJWL bu np1.41:iu lllLUWL Ulbuw4fl tlb2 ll111Cinq wnwp4w0bp~4 tlb~[!. fl£i!L4bu· «lf/1
qnn6w64.mtl funu~?mll, oppCiw4' UI.JiftU7w/; t/lwpftfOiif/11 ftpOnul f/10 q/1{1R mm {1», «lf/1 wpnn ljbpgpm ·u liwJ/1 {1»:
mw0ftp0bfl/11/f1w, I1WflfJf/wOg Ql/U/10. m.ubp/10. tJftlifl/1 11bPR/10. ownb- rutl4bu wp111:i0 uzbt bOp, wunnn2 wnmllO wpll1whWJlll4mll t hw-
f//1 /Jjm.qbp/10 nL hbDUJQf1UipiJJbpftQ; llwUlwlllwufuwO hnQ.bp~ pwgw~WJnLPJWtlp (dWflfJ, fuOdnp, WJQ/1) L. 11/1
p) UJU, WJfJ, WJO, UnLJO, Om]O, pn[nfl, wl1pnf[p, n![p L. WJL gmgw· wOnnnz hnl)ntt. npnup L. WJU wnmllntt hwttwuwpwpctbJ;! tbO, J!WO~ nfl
4wCi l'}bflwOmOubpntt wpll1whWJ111Llw6 nprztl! l:i(i u111w0nLtl, flCitUlbu' 4w~w~gmpJnLO~g l'}nLpu wOhn'l OL.bpn Ozwuw4nlll bO U1LUWL hwu-
171/ hwl1pntfl/1P 11wl1nnm WJU dwJno: UJfJ 1/Wf/PO mObfl whwq/10 ~wgmp1mu[!, ~O!Ull:iu· I1Wf/IJ, fuOtJnp, ~u4 11/1 hnQ.nt! OL.bpl}· 111LUWL
hw(IUU1nLPJf'L0: PnJn(lfOwi;Obf/O wOU7wnwUjwh/1 dbnp/10 t/10: hwu4wgmpjw0 llh2 1l1110nrt_ l:iqw4~ .wnwn4w0, npO w06w0np t. PU!-
q) UnwOg pwgwnnLpJWU npnzJWL wnllwtlp bu Wfl111WhWJU14.mll ~bu' 11/1, 11W(IfJ, 11/1 fuOdnp: UJnLU 4nqllpg' wuhn'l qnJW4WU[!, bflp bqw-
gmgw4w0, UIIlwgw~wO, llflllnnnz hnl)bpntt qnp6w6ttnq qnJw~wuOI:i 411 t. zwll1 'lhlllgl:ipmll wu111wppbp t p4.fl J!l:ipw~wOw~w(i 4wpq~
fl[!, ~Otl4hu' qftppu (/111 Q/lf/PO}. oOI;bpu (/111 oOI;b(IO}, 11b0p nwwOn![- 04w111llwllp La hnq0w4~ pllwu111ntt lau 4wflnll t otlpn04hL, oppuw4
Obp(/])u, fJnLP W2W/;b(IU70b(l1], O(IG(IU (WJU O(IG(IO}. Wl/UW(Ihpu (WJU 'Jmpu t;qw t/1nf[ng, 11W(IfJ U1/;uw: uw fuOdnp qObg L. wnO: lf/1 wunnnz
Wl/UW(Ihpo} L. WJLO: hnl)[! unttnpwpwp hnq0w4~ p4.n4. q,nJW~wuubflfl hl:i111 4ppwn41:iL !P
'+nJw4wOOI:ifl~ wOnpnz wnnulo hw~W'lflttnul t nnnZJWL wnllwun 4wnnq, pwgwnmpJnLCiObp 4w0 ctnqn4.P'lWfunuw4gw~wu }~qLj_mll.
L. WflliiWhWJll14.nul t OL.wpwuw~wu bp~m ll~2ngn4.' wnwOg hwllw- ~Ot1.4bu' lf/1 tunupbfl wuwg, n(l 11/1 t/1mp 11b![(lnl/ Jt/10 mml//1».
l4W111WUfuw0 hnl'}bflp la d/7 wunnnz hn'lmt: qnjwljwuO wunrmz wnm-
lln4. t qnn6w64.mll. bpp wowr4w0 6wGnp. hwJUlU~ ~~ ;-.,,._,.,fli:1 iA ljwll 7
, u. UuwlilflJWfi, uz4.- wztu. t2 107-108:
245
244
Pwg~ wOn11nz hnq~ 4~11WilnLpJm0~g· 11/1 pwnO mO~ Owu 11~ wnmllnl{ h~ZJWL gbl1w4wuwljwu 4wl1q[! hwtSwtu 4n!mll bu Owu wuCI~
zw11e WJL 4~11wnmpJm00bl1, n11nOg "11"ZJWL~ m wOn11nz~ 4w 11 q~ hb 111 u n1 wOCI~ ebl1w4w(iwljwu 4w11q:
lju1t.q ,tmObO: UJUUfbu' dwllwuwljwlj~g hwJbl1bumll llpWJU wuCI~ wOnLuOb11u bO, n11 wuCI~
1. ///7 pwnm{ 4wqlll{mll bO ll~ gwO~ 4wJm0 pwnwljwt.qwljgmp- wnmll bO nLObumll u t.qwlllwutuwumll nil hw11g~o· ~ lllWI1Pbl1nLpJmu
Jm0ubl1' tl/1 e/11. tl/1 t/7nef1. tl/1 ewli/7, tl/1 QLm/u u wnO: 11 nLUbl1b0~. n11lllb'l nil hw11g~O t.qwlllwutuwumll bO Owu 4buf1.wu~ubl1~
2. 'll14btnl{ pl{wljwOOb11~ 411w' QnLJQ t lllWL~U llltUWL pl{nl{ Wl1- u
(zO!w4nl1) w0nL00bi1D (n·q· tlWfliJIJ, U7f/Wii, d/10. 2nLiitJ, ljwewt/tJ WJLOJ:
li1WhWJllll{W6 llmnwl{nl1ewOw4mpJm0, op~uwlj' ///7 tnWutJ hnq/7 iiL/1- S11wljwu hl'lfrll{nl{ qn11owol{btntl' ljb0fl.WU~Obl1~ w0m00bl1[! wuCI~
Iilifrli: lf/7 IJUWU tfW{IIJ f{l hwf/wpf//if.' wnmll !bO ulllwumll, WJL Wl1li1WhWJU1mu bu zCi!W4!111~ wnnul L. hwli'wtu
3. dn'ln4111lWtunuwljgw4wu tbql{mll lll14mll t uwu pwJbl1~ lli1W- llllw[ig llUlw6l{mll bu n1 pb n11t.qbu wOCI, WJL llUlWOl{mll b(j n11t.qbu 2U!W-
4wG hl1wllwJw4wO~ u [!'1Ciw4w0 b11wuw4~ Club 11 ~ t111w: UJu fl.bt.qgmll l{nl1' wJut.q~unl{ 1l11uL.n11bLntl wuzmO! wnwf1ljwubl1~ zu1wt1nr wnmll.
tl/71lwu0~4o n1 pb Wl1qbtw4w0 hl1wllwJw4wO~. WJL llb'lllwljwO~ ~ ~O!t.qbu' 1/lifl wetnp/lli lid t/71itn{1mt14wll' ufrflmtllitl /1tlzli/1/j/lli:
llw~lll mu~. ~U!t.qbu' ///7 wuw' /1tlwliwtl: 1//7 qliw U7/iu' /11i! liqwli: 1//7 «UjmU 4n'lll~g.- OljwUlmll t u. UUWUli1JWU[!,- u' w0Cibl1~. u' 4bu-
tnli u, nlig t /jWiijmtl: UJU CIL.b11[! hwl{w0wpwl1 WllW2WQbL b(j wuqwll llWO~Obl1~. u· ~11b11~ w0mu0bl1[! qnl16w6l{btm{ nL'l'lW4wunl{' ll~w
4wll hw111 pwnbp~ U'lmllnl{: 78 l{nl1l{ntll bO ll~ tullp~ llb2 u hwl{wuw11WL4bu t.qwUlwutuwObtn4 /1"1i!
hw11g~o· Wl1li1WhWJUlnLil bO ~11~. wOzmO!~ wnmll: UJut.qbu' J1 "Iii U7/i-
uwp hw11g~ t.qwUlwufuwuo hwl{wuwpwUjbu ljw11n11. t L~UbL L.' ~11~. u·
UL:)t> t;~ t>Pt> (nO UL:)t>) ~ti"U4ULU4UL 4UPQC ljbOqwOm, u· wuCI~ wOmO, ~U!Ujbu' tnliuw pwqwp, 6ntf, liwtf,
liwqwutn/1, qfrlitfnfl, Wf/P/1/j u WJLU:
dwllwuwljwlj~g hwJb11bumll li1WI1Pb11w4l{mll t wuCI~ u ~11~ gb- U1111~ hwJbl1b0mll llb4 hw4Will14mll bO wuC!b110 u n1 wOCib110. llb4
11W4wuw4w0 4wl1qo, n11o !~ b'lbL ~O!Ujbu qi1WPW11ntll, WJOUjbu u ll~- tt' zO!w4nl10bi1D (wOC!b110 m ljbuqwu~Ob11o u n1 zO!wlln110bi1D (~11bi1D)):
2~U hwJbl1bumll: UJO CluwpwOn111:iu Wl1li1WhWJllll{mll t hwJgwljwO hn- nLI1bll[i' dwllwOwljwlj~g hwJbl1b0mll 1li1Uun11l{mll bu wuCI~,
tnl{nl{, WJU~ug(j' wOCI QnLJQ llll{n'l qnJw4w00b11D hwjgwljwO hntnl{mll zu1wl{n11~ u wOzmu!~ wnmllOI:i11:
UlllwOmll bO Uli1W4wuwCiu l{l:ii12W4nl1ntPJmu, m11~'1 tuo 1111 ~ qbUjgmll w) UOCI~ wOmOOb11~ Uli1W4w0 hntnl{nl{ Wl1li1WhWJllll{wo nL'l~'l.
~U!t.qbu' 1/WJfliJ ufrflmtl t wqp"wli, ~u4 ~11 gmJg Ull{n'l qnJw4wOOI:il1o· tu01l~I1D lli1UUnl1mll t wuCI~ WllnLil u UjWlllwutuwOmll t n"'u1hWI1Q~0:
nL'l.ll.W4wOwCiu· Sqwli ufrflmtl t /1f1 hWJfllili/letJ: p) lfbOqwO~ub11~ u ~11b11~ wOmOOb11~ Uli1W4w0nl{ WI1UlWhWJui-
~wO~ n11 qnJw4wuubl1[! pwqllwp~l{ m pwqllwgw0w4 wnwl14w- l{wo nL'l.~'l tu01l~I1D WI1UlWhWJlllnLil t z01wl{n11~ wnmll' U!Wlllwutuw-
ubl1 b(j QnLJQ lllWL~U, nLULn~ u pwdwOl{mll b(j wtizmtittib11~ u ztitw- Obtnl{ /11ii/l·u hw11g~u:
qnptibp~, ~u4 tlb112~00b11u tt' wtic1bp~ u nt wti<1b11~: q) 1"111:i11~. ljbOqwO~Ob11~ u wuC!b11~ wOmuOb11~ nL'l'lW4wOnl{ WI1-
UJu wnnLilnl{ hwJbl1b0mll 4mOI:iuwug qnJw4wOObl1~ b11be tumllp • UlWhWJllll{w6 nL'l~'l tuOil~I1D Wl1li1WhWJlllnLil t w0zm0!~ (~11~) wnmll'
ll~wJO wOCI QnLJQ Ln4n'l qnJw4w0ubl1, n11nOg U!Wlllwufuwumll bO n "'1/ _ U!WlllwutuwObtnl{ /l"'lil hw11g~0» :
79
78
L21t. W2fu., tp 110:
246 247
· UowGgwLtnn bG WJG qnJW~wGGbp[!, npnli9 ~wqllttnul bu llb~ wp~
llwU1ntl La l'lb~ ~wll wttbL~ wowugubpntt: Cu111 wowugubn~ 1\~!19~· UOU'-4Uu Uuntu
w6wflgwtfnp qnJw~wfilil:ip[! t~Omll hu Owtuw6wugwtlnf1 (libf1qUHJP,
hwqwpmJli, tlwJtbf1bu), t.{bf12W6wugwttnr (liltwf1ft1. IJ.U/{1ng, wnt/wJt, UOw~wn tunu9~ llwu~ llb2 llU1Cimll bli WJU pwnbp[!, npnGp gnl)g
tizM/1), Obpwowugwtlnfl (pnjliUJpntjO, 0JtWf1/Wlf1nLU, Qf1WJtwuwqbw) bu 111 wt~u wnwp~WJ~ npw~w~wli hwll1~wu~zlibp[!, nnlil~umpJnLu[!. bn~
La uwtuwowugwtlb!12WOW0gwttn1'J (Olif12U/nlll, pbJWIJ.f1WUJl, t/bf1illpfiw- pbllG (iwla li!Wll1~WlibtnLpjnLu (qbqbgftJt WJQ/1. JtwOW/ U1lif1b, bf1itWPJW
Jtbgmtfl.a wnu): qmn, nuJtb, tiwmw0/1, muwunqwJtwO qw{1m0, UWJf1Witwli ubf1, wtfw-
Pwnll qnJw~wuubno ~wqottnul bu wnll~ hwJbpbu~ pwpflnLPJWG pn- OWJ/10 t/bf1Wf11tm): t"Gtli!bu bJll&nul t pbpttwo op~uw~ubp~g. qn)w~w~~
L"Il bqwGw~ubrmtlla nLObu ~wqumpJwu U1W!'lpbfl ~WflWiilwnubfl, ~fi~li!bu' ubfl~ Ltnw l'llltlnq La unwlig hb111 qnnowOLtnfl pwnbp[!, npn09 wow~wu
w) =iwl'lWI\flW~wCi pWflflnLPJmfL qn)wijwu+qn)w~wG Pf1Whw{1u, Obp bli, hw111~wr.~ 2 bCi 1.Upll1whwJU1nLil bn~m 6Lantl' ~wllwull~2w~wun
qbt.ntut/1, UW{1WJWUp, tbnUWJWUp, tingwU7liU1{1, UWI.a J!Wflh)nLUW~wO nbu wnwp~WJ~li Llbnwqnnul bli nplat hw111~wu~z (qbqbgftit wJq/1. Jtw-
J!WilllnLPJnLUUbfl~g· wqqnunwlt, WJf1nLdft, wqmhwg, liftuU1m!;wg, JW- ow1 U7/if1/.4) ~wl'l' nt wull~2w~wunpbli, wJu~ueu· wnwn~wJ~ hwll1~wu~-
gmqno, btb.tP La WJtu: 20 tlbpwqnnLil b(j nplat llb~ WJL wnwp~Wj~ mubgw6 hWU1~WU~2~ ll~pn
Qn)w~wu+pw)wpllwU1 pwuwubf1, qn{1wt/wf1, pbnliwltftf1, Qf1W· gntl, ll~ 2 (inp!lw4.nJ1tlw6 (t/twJt.nb qmn, nultb tfwUlw0/1. UWJf1WitwO ubf1,
qnq, bf1wfumwtfnn. hWJWUbf1, qwuwfunu La wnli: wtfwnwjftli t/bf1Wf1itnL. qftlit/n{1wqw0 ltwf1QWIJIWhnLPJnL0): .
UOw~w(i (~wllllw~pWJ) + PWJWJlllWIII - owuf1wltzftn, IJ.JnLf1Whw- Cu111 hwll1~Wu~zubp~ Ltbpwqpllwu OzttwO bqwliw~ubp~ wow-
tjwlf1, Wf1WQ[J0pwg, zwwwfunu, mqqwpfln La wnu: ~wulibp[! pwdwliLtmll bu bn~m tullp~· npw~w~w(i La hwJlwpbpw~wli:
UOw~wD+qnJw~w(i - t/b{10wqqbum, Jwlif1wliltwf1, tfbtiwUtwn, Opw~w~wD w6w~wG£ibp[! gm)g bu 111WL~u wnwp~wJ~ tmp)nL-
Uf1{1U1JnLU/1li, hwf1pWt/WJf1, u/.4whnf], f'lwnOwdnqnt/ La wnu: G~g ptunqla Opwug l'lb2 qnJnLPJnLU nlGbgnq wul'l~2w~w(i hwll1ij.wG~z
PwJWh~lle+qnJW~wli - qpnuwJfl/1, btwltbm, puwJtwt/wJf1, uwhw- Obp, [!Ull1 nnml'l' ubpQ~{j la WJ1ll1WJ2~G hwll1~WU~zubn. ~Utli!bU PnLJL
qwzm. tJlipbf1gwu{1wh. tlf1gwhf1wt/bf1l.a wnu: mdbq, pwf1wit, tfwpntf1, tfw0{1. Omf1p, qt/wf1p, Wf1fJUJf1, pwf1ft, pOpmz,
Uun(1n2 FJb(1pWJ+qnJw~wu - t/wnbtwtftwJU7, utwmdbtwnf!, t/UJ{1- Jtwliwj, ftWIJinLJU7, UOWJf, WUQnLJU, zt/WJU71.a WJt (j:
t/bfwltbf1U/. Q{1lifWdb, tft.nwObfwitbf1U/ La WJLu: n 11 w~w~wG wow~wuubpu ~pbGg h~llGw~wGmll ll~ zwpJ2 hw111~w~
p) '-ltiJ1tnL0w~w(j pWJlf}nL~JnLli. hWf1WilllnLP)nLUlibp - pb nL pft- u~zubnnLt ll1WflJ!bntlnLil bu hwnwpbpw~wu wOw~wGubp~g: 'lpw(ig~g bG
Jtmup, 0{1 nL Q/12lif1, qftzbf1 -gli{1bq, ouJtbf1-pwf1bJtwti, ~p~uwttnJlUbp' w) npw~w~wu wOw~wGGbp[! unttnpwpwp la h~llGw~wumll m-
tlwf11J.·UnLf11J., pwli-tfwu, pmqp-Jm qp: Gb£i hwllbllwll1nlpJWU wu111~1SwGubp, ~G!Ii!bu' pwf1df1· wt/bL/1 pwf1df1-
q} lwllfwtlnLillibpntt. UU4, UU&, ~~. Ud, Uf1U, ~~C. dnqJtf1ppwd- wtfbuwpwf1df1 - pwf1df1UJQnLJU, wqOftt/- wt/bL/1 t.iJqOftt/- wtibOwwqliftt/
t/Wf1, u;bmhwtfwJUWf1WO, clnqu;wmqwtfwt/nf1, u;bwou;b{1W, dnqf}w- - wqutjwqmjO, qbqbgftlt - wt/liL/1 qbqbgftq - wtibOwqbqbgftq - qbqbg-
U7Wf1WU, /UliW}f}f1WUW{1/;I] la W)lG: qwqm}O la wnu:
'-lwG nnw~w~wG w6w~wuubfl, npnGe hwllbilwll1mpJWU wum~-
ISwOGbp !b(j ~wqllnul, J2WG~ np llllWUJ2 WpU1WhWJll1nLil b(i ~WJnLO,
wutflmfmtu nnw~w~w(j hwll1~WU~z. ~U!Ii!bu' f/nLJ{1, U1f/Jnf1, tfb{1q, pn-
pftJt, UJUnL{1/1. hl]/1. gwtfwp, pwqmtf, UU7bf1p La wnO:
=twpwpbpw~wG wOw~wuubpo un4_npwpwp hwllbllwll1nLpJWli wu-
111~tSwGubn !bO ~wqllmll, ewu~ np llflwOgntl Wflll1WhWJ111Llnq hwm~wu~
ZD ~ 11 ~l'lwu111~ 1i!WU11Swon4 pwuw~w~wu lt'lmfmtumpJnLuubp ~llbL !~
249
248
~wrmq, ~(j!~bu' qwlt//i, t/ILU}IJijW, OUflfJLUqUJ{i, IJUIIIUJ{IWUUJjft{i, wtJU!fJWI/10,
~UIJ7UipbpUJ/p,uD UJ4UJ/jUJ00bpg gmjg bfl lnWL~U llf12linl11lW-
tlUJ}{IUJqwti, nuqjw L. wnO: UJuanbq ~wfi pwgwnmpJm0fibl1. tlwf1f1ilt:t1J/t0,
ijni1QW6 hWlll~w1i~z, WJU~(j~(j' n11L.t WllWI1~WJ~ hWU1~wfi~20 WI1UlW-
t/mqngwJftli L. OllwO pwnb11[!. npnO~ wuan~ISwOwpwp npwlfw~wO w6w-
~wu0bp~ ~llwUin bO wp~nwhwJlllnLil, bppbllu ~wpnrt bu uanwOwt hwllb-
hWJUlnLil bO llb~ WJL wnwnlfwJ~O pOn11n2 hw~n~wO~zObl1~ ll~2ngnij:
UJu~bu' t/1UJJU1JUJ qmn L. b{lqwpjw qmn Wl1anwhwJanmpJm00bl1~ llb2
llwlllnLPJWO wutn~ISwQObl1, ~O!~bu' wt/bi/t tlwf11JilwJftli- wtlbtiwtlw{IIJ-
ilwJft{i, wt/bi/t t/lnqngwJftli- wt1btiwt/1nqngwJ/tli L. WJL 0: qnwO hwan~wO~zD ll~ llb~~mll n11nzLtmll t t/IUJJIJI (hwllbllwanwpw11
(UJ.U.U.Ibu' lJw /ttl OqwU1tlwtlp gmgwpb{lbg wt1btiwtlwf1f1ilwJ/tli t/b- pmJL) L. b{lqwp (wLlbL~ mdbq) wnw11~wOb11f1 hw~n~wO~zObrr~ ll~2n
flwpbr.Jlmup: 1'17 ouqbpnplJ t//tf7wt/n{1bg UJJ!bliwt/lnqngwJ/10 UJf1U7UJ- gnij, dtlbnw}/tli t/b{lw{lqm wpanwhwJanmpjwO llb2 t/li{lw{lqm wnwp-
hwJU1ntpJm Olib{lnt/): ~WJ~ hwlll~w(j~2[! nrmzl{mll t dtlbn pwn~ ll~2ngn4, hw{IUJt/UJJ/tU pwtlft
uzijwo hwan~w(j~z[! WjOgwO pOnpnz t. np hwiSwfu ni1W~w~w(j L. W11UlWhWJlllnLpjW0 llb2 hw{lwt/ pwll~ (lllw~) ~llwuann4 L. WJLO:
hw11wPb11w~w(j w6w~wOOb11~ lnWI1Pbl1w~llwQ ll~w~ L. wllbOw- ~WI1WPbi1W~W0 w6w~w00bl1(j Wl1ll1WhWJinnLil bO lnWI1pbp
~w11L.n11 !WI.flwO~iO t hwllw11LtbL: pOnLJP~ hWI1WPbl1nLPJnL00bl1, ~O!~bu'
p) nl1w~w~w(j w6w~w00bi1~Q hwllw~wlllwufuw(j w6wQg(jbl1~ w) SbqwJ~O - anw11w6w~wO, pwfJwpwJftli, QJOlfJwqwti, hjnwft-
ll~2ngnij ~wqllijmll bQ J.fln~11wgmg~! J.flwqw~zw~wQ L. uwuan~w~wQ UUJJ/1/i, hw{lwt/wJftO, qwtJwnwqwli, wOU1wnwJ/tli L. WJL 0:
~llwulll WI1UlWhWJUJnll w6w~wOOb11, ~(j!~bu' pwqg{l - pwqg{lftq, p) dwllwOwlfwJ~O. 4J.UfllituliwJftli. wztiwliwJ/10. g/1{111/jwJ/tU, hOw- •
pmfu - PfuL/111. 1/Jnpfl - t/lneflftil, hwuU1 - hwUU1J/tl!. lliil -llil!Lftil, funfl f1Uif1JUIU, tlwJ/tUJUJU, 0n{10f1JUJ, UJf1f1ftwqwti L. WJ L0:
- funf1/1fi, lif1l!J.Uf1 - b{lqw{lmq L. WJLO, ~O!~bu OwL.' ~11~fiwl!.n11 PWI1- q) 'llw~n~wObtnLPJWO. t1WJ{1wqwli, nwwtinqwqwti, qwqwliwJftli,
IlnLpJnLfilibf1 UWUlll~W4w0 ~llWUlllnij, tJ/Jq-tJ/Jq, pmJL-pfllJL, JUIJ/·JUII/, qbf1pliwqw0, UJf1f1ftwqwti L. wnO:
pwf1df1·pwf1df1 L. wnO: ll) lawqllmpJwO. QnLJQ bO lllWL~U ~0!~9 lfwqll4w6, 6wqw6 L~Ob
q) npw~wqwO w6w~w00bl1[! unLtn11WPWI1 ntfibOnul bfi hw4w- LD· nuqb, UJfiOUIPJUI, 11{1/jwpjw, wqwtlwtiqb, djmlibqbti, t/1UJJU7b, PfiiJJUI
O~z0bl1' pbpb - owlifl, tdwu- pwtiq, uwno- U1wp, tlbo- t/1npf1 L. wno. L. wnO:
OpwOgnij hwiSwfu ~wpnq bO ~wqlll!.bL OwL. -ncpJncli w6w0gnij ijbpw- b) U~ pwO ntObOwtm ~wll !nLObOwLm. wqtingwt/nfl, tln{1mpw-
gw~w(j qnJw~w00bl1' wqliftt/- wqtitJmpJmli, pwp- pwpmp}mli, tlbo t/n{1, h{lwgwliwt/nfl, wliqJ mfu, w0U1m li, wtihnqft L. wJL 0:
- tlbompJmli, Jwt/- Jwt/mpjmli L. wnO: uzbOg OwL., n11 hwi1WPbf1w~w(j w6w~w00bl1~ llb2 hwiSwfu
ll) nnw~w~wO w6w~w00bl1fi hwiSwfu ~w11n11. b(j hWOilbU qWL flllUL.n11ijnLil t b11~nL ~llwuan' WllWfl~WJW~W(j hWI1WPbl1nLpJW0 ~llWUin L.
OwL. ~w11wqwJwqwO ~~11WilnLPJnL00b11nLt, ~O!~bu' LwJ/o Jwt/ftg hw- hwanlfwOzwJ~O-nl1w~w~wO ~llwulll, ~O!~bu' tlwJ{Iwqwti ubf1=tln{1 ,
rfbJ/1 t: U/1fmtulib{1/lli t1ftlU1 qbflft /, UJf1f1UJf1Ubf1ftO' hw{lqnq: lawll' Jwt/. ubf1, JbnliwJ/tU Jrfwq= JbnwO Jrfwq, PfiiJJUI t/b{1w{1qm=pf11J/t t/b{lw{lqm:
qbf}bgftq utUJflliJ, li{1QbJ, Ot/wqbJ L. WJLO: uzijw6 ~~pwnmpjwO llb~
~nLil npw~w~wO w6w~w0Qbpo ~wpnq bQ fiwL. hnq.(iwq~ pl!.rul Qnfl- UOUlaUuutPI" ~UUtUUSntlaSUu UUSNiUuutP(!
6w6l!.bL (tlbobfllJ, pwpbfllJ, Wflf1UJf1Ubf1JJ L. wnO):
b) n11w~W~WO w6w~w00bl1(j Wl1ll1WhWJlllijmll b(j pWilW~Wqllw ~wllbllw~nmpjwO wuan~ISwOo w6wlfw0~ ~b11w~wOw~wO ~w11q
~w(j ll1WI1pbp ll~2ngOb11nLt L. L~Omll bO ~w11q (qbf}bgftq, Jwt/. qw-
t, n11nl!. n11nzijmll bQ 011wOg Wl1ll1WhWJlllWO n11w~wJ~O hwan~wO~z~
U/fllJU1, wqliftt/), w6wOgwL!.n11 (Jmuwt/n{l, qft{lmq, qn{lbrz), PWI11l (LwJ- ll1WI1Winbuw~Obll(J, npnO~. pOw~wOwpw11. hwlllm~ bO ll~wJO WJO w-
Iiw{ldwq, uftf1m0wU7bu, JflliiUJUfuwq), ll~O!flbll nwnwptlflw~wO w6w-
llWI1~w0bl1~li. n11nO~ n11w~wJ~O hwllbllwlllbL~ hw~n~wO~z bO gmJg
~w00bf10 ~wqllmpJwllp L~Omll bO ll~WJli PW'l.WI'lflJWL·L. lfwqBQmll bQ
lllWL~u. ~O!~bu' wqliftt/ - wt/bi/t wqliftt/- wtlbtiwwqliftt/, qbf}bgftq -
lllWJ'lPbl1 hWI1WPbl1nLpjmfi0bl1 Wl1ll1WhWjtnnf1. w6w(igfrbtmij, f10!~bu'
wtJbJ/t qbf}bgftq- wtlbtiwqbf}bgftq, JUit/- wt/bi/t JWI/, wtlbliwJwt/:
t/1wJtniJ, nuq}w, UJfiOUJfJb, dtlbnwJ/10, t1UJ}f1UJ/jwli, hw{IJ.Ut/UJJ/10, 1Uf1Jfll-
l:!OilnLOLtwa t w6w~w00bp~ hwllbllwLnnLpJwO bpbg wu~njr6w0
OnU11& WJL1i:
~nwppbpw~bL • lli1W4w0, hwllbdwmw~wO lfwll PWJlllWutwqwO L. qb-
250 251
nwqpw~w(j (nllwO,E hwiSwtu flflW~w(j wum~tiwOQt;p !bCt wnwCil&Owg- . UJq0/11/ u wnu: U6w0gw4.nrt b(j WjO w6w~w00bfll}, nrmO.a ~wqll4_w6
tinur WJ'l ~l&b!l[! hwtlwflbtn4_ WOW~w(j~ nLil.~ll.. bLW~bi.nWJ~(i ~ubrt): b(j pwnw~wqllw~w(j ~unLJpObrm4. ~wll w6w0g0brtn4.: U6w0gw4_nn w-
?pwqwO UJUV1/1tfwOo wowqwor. m11.~11. ~~~o t u gmJg t lllWt~u ow~wOObp[! t~Omll bO OwtuwowOgwt.lnp u t.lbp2w6w0gw4.nrt:
wnwp~WJP [!OijhwOmpnflw~w~w(i hwlll~w0~2. WJO lljmu wultlptiwO- uUJ/UUJ4UJ0gwl[np w6w~w00brto ~wqll4_mll b(j llb~ h~ll0w4wli
(ibp~g LnWflpbp4_mll t OpwOnlj_, nrt 'li'IW~w(j~ r}b~Rmll wplllwhwJLn· ~UnLJp~g u llb4 ~wll wlJ.bt~ OwtuwowOgObp~g. oum npmll· WJ'l Owfuw-
lj_mll t pwgwp~w~ hwlll4w0~z. hwt.1l~w0~2 wnwOg hwllbllwmmpjwO, 6w0g0bpo t~Omll bQ ~O!Ufbu dfumw4w0, WJO~bu u 'l(lW~wO, hwu-
~OIIJ.fbu' qbrzbgftq UJJQ/1, dbo JJUIIJUIJJ, pUJf7/l tlUJf7fJ u wnti: mwmw~wO, ~(j!~bu' wOmmO, mhwu, ftnbu, fplif7, fJdpw/utn, tnQbtn,
PUJfJfJ.UJUIUJ/jUJO wum~ISwOo gnl]g t lllWt~u wnwp~wJ~ npw~w mhwlf, U7Wf7Uip0wq, UJf7tnUJhbf7,, /JO,UJf}UJU, hwqUJf}UJf7d, hUJf7UJi!/lg u
~wO hwll1~w0~2~ wlJ.bt ~wll UfW4wu t~Obuf OmJO ~wll WJL wnwp~w WJLO: '-lbfl2WOw0gw4,np w6w4w00bfll} ~wqll~mll bO lJ.bf12W6w0gOb-
J~ hwuwOilwO ~wll LnWflPb!l hwlll~wG~z~ hwllbllwll'lmpJwllp: l'l"lJ., npnO.R u' ~llwumw~bu, u' pb RW0w~n4. nL q.npowompjwllp q.b-
UOw~wu~ PWI'\rJWLnw~wO wull'I~ISwOn ~wqlllj_mll t mi.uppbp brtw- pwqwtignul b(i tiwtuwowtigwlj_np w6w~wtitibpp0: 'lpwtig~g b(i' uftf7/J-
tiw~Obnn4.: U4.bt~ U'IWflw6lj_w6 u q.nn6m0 t lj_bptm6w~w0 b11.wOw~mt Lfl, pOwqwO, [bqt/w0/1, f1brz0wt/m0, qftuwm, UjnfUJtn, qm0wt/nf7, nuq-
~wqllmpJnLO[!' 'li'IW~w(j wum~tiwO~ lj_pw w4.btwg0btn4 wt/liL/1 pwoo
fUJ, qOlfnntn, junhmO, pftqOwt/btn, JJUIIJUf1UJt/m0, wqOt/wqmJO, ;ebrz u
(llw~pWJ), ~(j!~bu' UJt/b[/1 qbqbgftq, UJt/b[/1 Qf7UJt//ll, Wt/b[/1 PUJf7df7 u WJLO:
wnti: Uow~w(j(jbp~ ~wqllmpjWti llb2 qq.WL~ r}bp m(i~ PWI'l'lnLPJnLUti
PWI'\flWU'Iw4wO wum~ISwQ t ~wqll4_mll Qwl& q.nJw~w(i~ pwgw-
~fl mwppbfl mbuw~Obpn4_, mp llb6 lllwpw6mll mO~ hwllwflflW~w(i
ow~wO hnLn4.~ u wow~w(j~ wor}pmtlnlj_, ~O!Ufbu' u/1{7mg hqn{7, pwju-
PW!l'lnLPJnLti[J: ~WilW'lflW~w(i PWI'lflOLpjwllp 4wqlllj_w6 wow~w(jfibrt[!
tn/lg J]UJ'lg{7, JJf7npftg qbqbg/lq, Uwuftu/lg pUJf7df7, Ui.JwOftg l.l/'ltnn{7,
~Wflni'J. b(i mObtiwt hbLnuJWL h~ll(iw~w(i ~WI'\WUfWPOb!l[J:
~OtlJ.fbU Owu· JlWG+nLI'J.I'J.W~wQ ~WUfW4gmpjwtlp, ~Ut~bu' UnjnLOQ nl.-
w) Clnjw~wG+q.nJW~wO. t/UJf1fJUJQnLJO, UJ[flJJUJdb, UJf70t/UJJJ/IJJ,
d/Jq t, ewO t/UJQf10, UOwh/ltnO qbqbgftq t, ewO UOm;o:
UJOjnUiUJUflf7tn, djnLOUJqUJqUJp u WJLO:
QbpUJIJ.fiUJ/jUJO wum~tiwun QnLJQ t mwt~u wowp~WJ~ mll.Jwt
p) UOwf4wG+qnJw~wQ. UJUf7UJqwqtl, tnUJJ]Uif7JnL0, l/1UJI/1qwu/lf7tn,
hwm~wO~z~ q.bpwqwugmpJmti[!, wllbOwpwp~fl wum~ISwOo timJfi
pwf7wilftf7w0. qwf7tlf7wpm; u wnti:
~wll wn wnwn~wJ~ PW'l.rJWLnw~w(i hwm~wu~z~ hwllbllwlllmpJwllp u
q.) fal.{w~wQ+q.njw~wQ. hOqwpi.J, bnwdwjO, li{7qujm0, jnpOwutn/1-
~wqlllj_mll t bp4nL bll.w0w4n4..
lfwu, J]UJOUJQUJQUJp u WJLO:
w) U6w~w0~ 'lPW4wO WUlli~ISwQ~ lJ.rtw w4_btwtimll t wtlbO(w)
llwu(i~~n hwllwijpw~wu bll.wtiw4n4.' qbqbgftq - wtlbOwqbqbgftq,
'l) 'lbnwOmO+q.nJw4wfi. WJlUJtnliuwq, /IOeOwq[m/u, JnLf70f7/l·
pwf1/l - wtlb0wpwf7/l, qqwJmO - wtlbOwqqwJmO, wqO/It/ • wtlbOwwq- Owq, OmJOwdi.J u wnti: .
0/lt/ I.& QnLJO 4.bn2wllwutip4n4., flti!Ufbu' wqO/It/- wqOt/UJQnLJO, pwf7df7 b) llnJw~wO+pwJwh~llQ. qnf70fttlwg, pbf7J]UJtnm, tlUJf7fJUJU7JUJg,
• wdb0wpwf7df7 - pwf7df7UJQmJ0, qbqbgftq - wtlbOwqbqbgftq - qbqbg- J]0wpbf7, UJQQnL{7UJg, ¢wowqm{1q, wqw0UJQUJf7f} u wnO:
qwqmJO, 1wt/- wtlbOUJfUJt/- [UJt/UJQnLJO u WJLti: q) Uow~wQ+wow~wQ. tlbrztlwOm;. Lftwowtn, ewpwhdmtn, LUJJ-
0UJf7dwq, t/wmwonrzp, ewpwf7/l u wnu:
t) Uow~wQ (llw~pwJ)+pwJwh~dg. qw{1lfwmb, Uf7Q0pwg, t/wrzw-
UOUl4lfullbrJ'I ~UflUntraSntliC
hwu, mrzrzwdftq, juutnUJUjUJhwOp, pwf7df1UJ/unu, UJf7UJQQ0pwg, fJUJ0-
fJUJfJUJlUJf7d, /un{7/lt1UJUU7 u WJLti:
Culll ~wqllmp]wti w6w~wtifibrtn L~umll bu UfW(lq, w6wugw4.nrt u
ctwllwtiw~w4~g hwJbpbOmll wow~wOObrt bO ~wqlllj_nul uwu
pwn'l: lflwnq bti WJU w6w4wutibrtn. nrtntiR ~wqll4_wo bti llb~ hfllltiw-
4_bptm6w~w0 pwn'lnLpJmutibnn4., hwm~wLqbu ~rt~Ow4_nrt· ub-ub, uft-
~wu ~unLJpflg ~wll wpllwmflg ~w·ll W(lflfl tbq4_w~w(i qq.wgnll.nLPJwllp
{7m0-u/lf7nLU, UJ[t/UJO-UJ[t/UJO, qwUjmJtn·i!UJUinLJtn, qm0f}-Qm0f},
flppla WJ'\Ufflufl(i [!tlpn(ilJ.nll. WflllWLnpQ, fl(i!UfbU' UJQUJVI, pbpi.J, !Jflljj,
l/lmOp-1/lmOp, QnLjO-qmjO La WJLO, ~(j!~bu uwu· hWf1W'lflW~w(j u
UJOUJU7, pwqnttl, hUJf7p, hn{7f1, fJJUUIIJ, OUJ0f7, qw{7d/lf7. qbqbgpq, PUJf1fJ,
253
PWrthJmuw~w(i 11~ 2WI19 PWP'lnLPJnL(j(ibpml., ~Q!Lijbu' JWf1 m pwf1/J,
1tn;111 m ltnUf/1117, gwp m Uf1/1l/. pWf1!1 m /unlf1fJ (awnlif1}, hbnm-t1n111/7q,
ra~uLtut. ut.n~u
wqbJ-UfW/;wu, wlip/11/-wOhwtlw.n L. wnu:
255
254
Ob(lr.Ll nL 13l{bnm( (100 hwqw(l QUWUh~£iq, 500 hwqW(l 600hW(1JnL(l nr[! hwllwn~lfi t La gmJg t UlWL~u. ~b wllpnrt~ll pwfip llwuG t 4.brg-
80
~uwlillb~ La WJLfi): Ltw0 La llwuw~w(j p4,w~wfi~g (hwJlllW(lW(l~g), n(l[! gnljg t tnWLI1u, Jjb
?uJuwltwO ptfwljwOiillfll! gnljg bCi t.nWL~U wnwp~w£ib(l~ hw- wllpnrt20 QW!i~ llwujl t pwdwlit.l.w6:
2"!11lW~w£i !lWU(! La ~W(lQ.[!, ~wqlll{mll bfi ~w£iw4w~w£i pl{w~w£ilib
(l~g 1.& ·flnfi!J, ·bflnf71J llwu(i~~libpmt, ~litl.llbu' bpl1f7nf71J, lif7l7nf71J, hwp-
JnLf7lif7nf71J, IJ1WU01Jpnf71J, ftOOumObpnp!J 1.& WJL!i, pwg~ 11/ilt pl{w~w(i~g.
npt~£imll t wowpftO:
104,w~wlilib(1U [!Ulll 4wqtlm~jWU Lt'10nu! bO lljW(Iq. wcrwug..uljn(l t..
'lwuw~w(i 13Llw~w£i£ib(l[! qpwl{n(l W(ll11WhWJt.nl{mll b(i .
w) Pwubpnl{. bpqpnf71J, bppnf71J, tnwu0bpnf71J, hWf7JnLf7lif7nf71J, pLU(lll:
htuf7Jnlf7 hftum0h/10qbpnf71J, hwqwp /100 hWf7JnLf7 mpumO/Jpnp!J, Jnpw- t'f'Jwpq pl[w~w(i!ibpiJ ~wqll4_nul tifi tl~WJU WflilWlfl04_, ftU!UJUU'
OwumOf/bgbpnp!J 1.& wnu: 11/iq, bpi;m. bflbR, fnpu, IJ1WU(f!), puwti. hwp;mp. hwqwp, df1tftnu, tlft-
p) Upwpw~wfi pl{w£izw£iubpnl{, npn£ig~g hb111n qO~~nl{ -p!J t J/1Wf71J.'
qpl{mll. 2-p!J, 1-p!J, 10-pfJ, 65-p!J, 101-pfJ 1.& wn£i: • U6wfigwqnp pllw4wfifibp[! liwtu lllwuliJW~Gbpr wfi4.wGnu10b(lG
q. 1nnllbw~w£i pl{w£izw£i£ibpnl{. 2-pfJ=/1, 3- pfJ=/11, 4- f71J=/V, b£i' bpbumO, pwawumO, hftuntO, f/wpumu, ;npwfiwumti, nLfour;di,
6-pfJ= VI, tnwuObpnp!J=X. puw0bpnf71J=XX, 50-piJ=L, 100=C, 500=0, ftOOumO. nrnnbrt umO llwufijl~IJ Gwtt.Jwlllbu GzwGw4bL t IJ1WLJ. pu.:Jg
1000-p!J=M: hblllwqwJnul ~npgnl:iL t ~(1 jlllwuU'l[! L. 4_bpw6t.l.btltlwu!iwtJ.n(10bf1 4wq-
'l) 1wJbpb£i~ wJpmpbu~ ~.nwnbrnl{' U=t. P=2, Q=3, !'=20. 5=100, llnl'\. llwu£i~~jl:
fl.=10001.& WJL£i. ~£i11.1.1bu' Upzwq P, L/.wfJ.Wf1lWil U. t;pqnLfip /0 fJWf7nL 1.& wn£i: U6wligwqnp bli liwla llWUw~wfi La pwztuw4wG PLlw4wGiil:i(l[!, n-
1nnlltw~w£i 13Llwlizw£inl{ wpmwhWJt.nl{nq llWUw~w£i pl{w~w£i~g pnugrg wn.w2rlilibp[! ~wqlll!nLil bO -rmf71J 4wll -lipnpq. w6wGgGbr.mt
hb~.nn -p!J !~ qpl{mll, ~u~ 1(11/iq) pl{w~wli~g hl:it.nn qpl{mll t -po· 1-ftO: IJUI.n npm~ -pnp!J wOwfig bfi ulllwfimll bpqm. bpbp, !.'1f7U pl{wl!.Jiiub-
Pw;/Uwltwli pl{w~wliubp[!gnLJQ bfi mwt~u wnwr1~w£ibp~ hw- !11!' bpqpnf7!J, bf7f7Df7fJ, lnf7pnp!J, ~u4 ~fiwgw60b(l[!. -lipnpf') wowGgo
l{wuwpwtwlfl pwzf\Jmll npnz pl{wJ~£i ~wpqnl{ 1.& ~wqllqnLil bfi bp~m b- (hftOqbpnpq.), f/bgbpnf71J, /100/ipnpiJ, mwuObpnpiJ, puw0apnf1f'J L. WJL G,
rtwfiw~nl{' ~u~ pwzf\Jw4wli£ibp[!' -wqwO w6wGgu · tlbqwl;wu, bfi{fmwi;wu. h/Jft-
w) .Qwfiw~w~wli pqw~wfi£ibp~fi wl{bLw£inLil t -wqwO wOwfig(!. qwqwO, tnwuwqwu L. wnli:
11bqwqw0, bpqmwqwO, mwuwqwO, f/wpumOwqwO: Pwpq bfi WJG 13Llw~wfilib(l(!, n(lnlin ~wqtlllmll bG b(14m 4wu w··
p. 'LnLJU ~wfiw~w~wli pl{w~wfi~ ~(l~umpjwllp. 11/;q-11/iq, bpqm- llbL~ ~Llw~w·fi wpliwlllfibpjlg La hjllluw4w0mll t~Gmll bfi 4gwljwG L.
bpqm, U1WUO·U1WU0, JIWI2wundi-pWI2WUnl0 h WJLU: hW(lWil(lW~WU pW(l'lnLI3JnLii£ibfl, ~U!I.llbu' ~gwljw{j' IJ1L/.JUUtlbl;, IJ1Wl!-
0bpbp, puw0Jnf7U. ftOOum0/10[}, hftunt0bpqm. f/wpuntfilnf7U L. iW(1W·
linumfiUJitUJJ/10 b(i wllpnrt2~ 1.& llwu~ hwpwpbpmpjwllp ewliw~
gmJg ml{nq pqw~wfifibp[!, ~fi!ll.lbu' Luwpw0ml1 qw 50 muwOn!J., npftg
ll(1W~w£i. ~Gg4bu' bpl;m hwp;mp, bpljm hWf7JnLf1 puwO, /llJ[J hwp;mr1
11/iq bppnf7!JD VI!J.wObp bO, bpqm bppnprw · WfJ.pftqObp: hftumOhjiOq, tf/Jg hwqwp hftOq hwp;mp, tfbg tlftLjlnO mp /Jwql.i.lfl
4n~.nnpw~wJ~fi pl{w~wCifitp[! llwlll£iwuznul !:iii wllpn112~ llwubpo. VIWU0tlbq, tlbq tl/1L/1Wf7!J bpbp hW{7jnL{I J!UWO!ri./W L. Ljpl.jlii.J.Jltn(l' tlbf;-
WJil lljWlllliwr.mll tL ll(lWU~ ~(lbfig ~n£i~(lbUl pqwj~£i pnl{WUilW~nLp· 11/iq, bpqm-bpqm, tfbg-tfbg, hftOq-h/luq ~ wJLG:
JnLiili u~.nwfinul bli ll~wJfi tunu~~ llb2: Unl{npwpw(l ~nlllnpw~wJ~£i lclqw~w£iGbpjl hrtl£iw~wli ~rrwrmLpJmlio f!lupnul n(lnur~ UJWZ-
pLtw~w£ilili(l[! ~wqlll{mll bfi bp~m llwu~g· ewliw~w~w(j pLtw~w(i~g. mnlili t. pWJQ ~wpnrt bfi hWiillbU QW~ P,wla zwp.UlhjnLUW4UJU tlll zwrp
WJL U,rpwnm~Jmfifibpnll, jlfi!l.llbu' bpqm U1Wf7/1. ;np ow![/Jl{ wnwp/'Jll
80 !JWUW{7W0, /ipf;pnflfJ h/ipp, IJ1UJU IJ1Wf7/1 {nf1nz/J!). jl7{) JWI/1/7{7. rJ!J!;
16-[11') I')W{lpg hWjb{lQ [llil')mlinul bli Wf1WPW4WU JH.I,Wii2WUiib(l(!:
256
17*
itV1f7/tf7 (U/Wf1WQw), Opw qOwhwV1wftwOo h/70q t (uV1. tfbf1WfJ/7f7),
fuOil~rt' U/tOilt hwllfliu bflbf}, ilbftuwpfto /tV1f7l//7. UlWilwqw' bpbumo
111UJf71/UJ ilbp Ow WJfJ pwfio ftwV7wpbg: 'ltruunn.
lal{w~wQC.bp[! OmJC.~bu, hwlll~Wl!lbu 'lWUW~wQ ~l{w~wQQbp[!
o
~wpnh bCi qnpowotttil qnJw~wOwpwp ( npnzJWL hn'l"tl) La Qwtuw'lw- =lwJ Rbpw~wQwq~lllnL~JwQ tlb2 'lbllwQmOO ~ppla tunu9~ tlwu
umpJwO llb2 hwQ'lbu qwt qnJw~wQ~Q pC.npnz zwpwhJmuw~wQ UlWZ- UIWI'IPbll. hwlSwtu IJwla ~pwpwllbpd uwhllwCmul[ibp m pQnpnznulQbp
UlnQubpn~. ~Q!tqbu· Unwp/JOo u(, d/7wl/nf10 fp, bpl;pnpfJI!' "WU/nLJV10 t mObgbt: u. UpbruwQn, wnw2CiwJ~Q hwtlwpbtntl pumbp~ zwpwhJm-
(bupwqw): uwQL/Uwljnpbg bpftf1nf1fJ/7fi, Of1f1!1f1!J/7fi, l11f1f1!1f7fJ/tO uw~wQ ~~pwnnLpJmQQbp[!, QpwQg UlW21J1nQ(! tunu9nul, 'lbllwQmOn
(/UU!J/1{1) La WJL 0: ttppla wnwQ~~Q tunu9~ tlwu !~ (]Q'l"LQbL, wn QpwQg wnwQ~~(j Ulb-
uw~Qt;pQ m tullpbp[! 'lWUI'}WUbt t lllwppbp tunu9~ llwubp~ lll::i2: U;u-
Ufbu' wCi~Qw~wQ 'lbllwQnLQQbp[! La npnz wnwp~wjwQ~z gmgw~wQ
'lbllwQmQQbp[! hwllwpbt t qnJW~wQQbp, wnwp~WJ~ [!O'lhwOmfl
hwlll~wO~z gnLJQ mt1n11. IJbpwQmCiQbp&f wow~wQQbpla wnQ:
=lblllwqwJnlll. bpp wnw2 bQ RW2tlmd tunu9~ llwubp~ llWUW-
~wpqllwQ Gnp tlnlllbgmllQbp, pntnpnl{hQ ~JL lllbuwCi~jmQ~g bQ Qbp~w
JWgl{mll l}bpwOmO[!, Opw tunu9~tlWUWJ~O wnwCi~Qwhwlll~nLf}JnLQQb-
11[!. La 'lbpwOntQn ntumllQwu~pl{mll t ~ppla piJ90mpnLJ0, wnwO~~Q tunu-
9~ dwu· ~11 bOJ}WLnbuw~Obpnl{: l:!ulll WJU llnlllbgdwQ" qbpwOmQ bQ
~ntl{mll WJO pwnbp[!, npn09 gmJg bQ liiWL~U [!Cil}hwOmp, l{bpwgw-
~wQ' · ~lanl{ !lllWilPbllw~l{wO wnwp~w. wnwp~WJ~ La qnpOnll.nLf}JWO
tmwppbpw~l{wO hOJlfl~wO~z ~wll hwU1~w0~2~ hwUl~wO~z: UJu wnm-
llnl{ 'lbflwOmOn hwpwpbpw~gl{nul t wJO pntnll tunu9~ dwubp~C.. npnC.9
QnLJQ bQ LllWl~U lllWilPbllW~qwO wnwp~w. wnwp~WJ~ La qnpOnll.nLJ}JWU
hwlll~wO~zC.bp (qnJW~wC.. wOw~wO, f}qw~wQ, llw~pwJ}:
l:!ulll Cizl{wO hwOqwllwOsC.bp~· 'lb11wOmOC.bp[! Owtu La wnw2 ~w
llbt~ t pwdwObt !"flU tullp~· qnJw~wO~Q hwnwpbpw~~g (bu. fJnL, Ow,
/701Jp, 1111 La wnC.), wOw~wCr~Cr hwpwpbpw~~g (WJUU//tU/7, w;Ou;/7u/1,
urwo. il;nLU, Wj[, Unl}U La WJLO), pqw~wC.Obp~Q hwpwpbpw~~g (11/1
J}wO/t, WJIJIJWO, UnLJUIJUJU, OntJUlWt/1, npbf1!1f1fJ) La dw~pwJQbp~O hw-
pwpbplU~~g llbllw0m00bp (WJUU/bU, Wjf}U/OU, UJ}UU/bU, W}UV10fl, WjU-
VIOfJ, nnVIbrz, bpp, ntf11 /101m La wnOJ:
l:it0btn4 'lbllwC.UwC. tunu9~dwuwJ~C. nOilhwC.mp pdwulilpg, Opw
6lawpw0w~&U0 La zwpwhJmuw~wli wnlUO~Owhwlll~mpJmOObppg· l}b-
llWOmQOb,[! ~wpbt~ t pwdwObt ~wll owuw~wpqbt hbUllaJWL Ulbuw~
Obpp' w060w~w0, gmgw~wli, lflntuwrtWil~. hwpgwhwpwpbnw~wQ,
nnnzJwt, wOnpnz La dtulllw~wO:
258 259
u2bOp uwh, np lw, f]nt, 11/iOp, f)nLP J1bpwumGfib!'l[! pwgwnw4w0,
U!iotiwl~wG to WJfJ 'll:irwundHib(l[J, npn0!2 wuo bO gnLJg u1wt~u 1.. qnp6J'Iw4wG, Ob(lQnJw4wO hntnLI.Ob(lmll Ll.bf12wlf.nllntPJnLu~g wnw2
WfliilwhwJmmu bCJ rlhllWJ~l! hwnwptllm~JntOfitp: uiilw[inLil bu 0, wO llwu0~40b(l[! l.t WJU wnnulnLI. qnJwunul bO qm-
Uucuwljwu 'lbr.wfimG£:tpu nLGbG l'}l:i!l,p~. !3•.J~ L. hntml.~ Qb!'lw~w qwlllLnLpJmOGbr' ftOdu/lgl!ftOdwOftg, frOo011t/ll/1fJJwOnt/, /iOdOmtlllftli-
Ow4wu ~w11qbp: duJllwOw4w4~g hwJbrtiup wfiauw~wo lfbrwGmO- tJwOmtlh WJLG:
Obpu b!i' bu, qm, Ow, ftOpo tqw4h ~Ll.nul L.t hnqOwi.j~· tJ/JOp, f)mg, U[i6[iw4wfi lfb(lwCimfiCibnn liw~JLUfi.UJum~J•uu llb2 hwUI').bu bO
fi(IW0R, ftfJliOp: t;u j7fipu wuauwijw(j r}bnwundiUbfl[! gnqg bG UlW[flu qwtJ'Iu 4"Jw~wono hwlilm4 zwrlluhJmuwlllUO 'J.IUl2UlnOObpml ~0~1.4bu'
tununq~G (1-~0 11lnl~), f)m ftOpq · tunuw4g~O (2-P'll)lHlQ). Ow ftO.uo llb- tditpw~w· t;u pliq uftf1nul lid, f1!1! f)llfJ t/Ju tllJ!JI:if, liu wdb!Jnt.php pliq
llWGntOOb(l[! gnljg b(j IJlWthu WJU WUO[), nrh llwurO tunutinul t (3-j'lfl btl nf1n0mil, /IOI!fJ qftmbu WJfJ pnfnf7o, hwm~wgmgpf Ow /1!1 qnf7aft
'lbili!): 1wllwUjwLOwuj'uUJ01.1.!pW(l hnqOw~~ p~Ll. bfi gnLJg IIlWL~U tlbOp, fWt/WQnLJU t/Wf1lJiliL'l0 f. fuGil..~f'!' liu OUJ;nuJ litlobq, hwf7ql1Lil m u,IJ-
ftiJROlif!u, f)nLp, ft0p0lif7f) l.t 0{7w0p ft0p0lif7f! w000w4w0 'll:irwOmGQb(l[!: f1nlil, liu ,Riiqliftg f)W00wgw6 hbowgw, bu ebqOftg hbowgw m fWgft u
UOOOw4wO 'lb(lw0m00br£!. ~ IIlWI"Pb(lmf!JnLO w04_w0w4wu hn- WJLU:
tnLI.nulOb(l~. n(ln0[l ~b~ hntnLI.w~l.tb(lmll uiilwOmll bO hwilwt.qwiilwu-
tuwO hntnLJ.jl~OI:i(l, hnlnLI.LI.nul l:iG 'lbrwli4_wriw4w0 hntm!llwllp u mObQ
hbLOuJ WL wnwO ~Owhwiil4mpJndiOb(l[l:
r
w. IIlW[1pbpm~JnLU wOLJ.wGw4wu hnlnL!.IlwO, n(lnri~ hntnLI.~~ bG
UlllWOmll, wOduw4w0 'lb(lw0m00b!lo ~b~ hntnt!wol£b(lmlll.flntunul bO Smgw~wli bO WJli Jlb(lwOmOOhrn. npnOp gm]g b(i lilUJL~u ~li1Wf1-
hrbOg W(lOWU1Q, hnlnLI.Ll.nLil lnW(lwhtulp Ol.tnLJ. (~G~~bu · liu-/111-ftOtJ- pbpw44.w6 wnwp4w. wnw(li.jWJ~ u qnp6nrtmf1JWO [!OI').hwUmf'l, ~li1W(l
f)nL-gn-pliq l.t WJLU): pbpw4ltw6 hwli14wO~z u 4wllnrt bu '111WUY llwLnOwgnljg wubt li1W-
'1b(lw0Lj_wuw4w0 hntnLI.IlwO l').bUjymll ubnw4wO L. lil(lwljwu hn- !1WOw~w(j ~wll dwllwOw4wJ~U hw(lwpb(lmpjr.uup:
tnt!ubro OlLwpwunrbO li1W(lpbi'IUJ4Lj_wo bu, Ull1WUnLll t;(j lilW(lpbll hn- Sm~w4wp 'lbllLUlimOObr[! hw(lwpbrw4gLJ.mil bO qnJuJ4wOCib(l~O.
l nLJ. wdhb(l, hu~ ~bu · bu-fttl-ftOo, !JnL-pn-gl:iq, Ow-0{7w-Of1w0, J!.OI(f!·ftf1- p4.w4wfifi~ptJD, wow4wriubr~u l.t llw4~wJlibrf1Ci:
ftf7!JOL. WJlO: . · llnJ~~wO~(j hw(lwpbpw4gt!mll bu uw, f)W, Ow L. urwOg hwiJw ..
q. '1b(lw0Lj_wuw~w0 hntnLI.IlwO 11b~~nLil pwgwnw4w0, qnp6pw- LQWUlWUtuwO hnq0w4~~ {Uf7WOJ}, f)f7w0p, 0{7wfJp) Oubp[J:
!~wu. Ob(lqnJwi.jwO hntnLI.Ob(l[J 4wqll4_mll bO li111W4w0 hnlnLI.wl!l~m{, 'Lzl{wo 'lb(lw£imuubp[! gmJg bO IIlwtjlu tununq~O {uw, IJ{JUJ0Jl),
[alwul{nul t li111W4wO~O: tunuw~g~u {f)w, 1Jf7w0p) l.t tununrt~9 m tunuw4g~g hbom ~lilOLI.nrt w-
Uhw w000w4wu lfbrwUnLOObr~ hnlnt!llwO hw(lwgm]g(}. nwp~w. n(1 4wrnrt t u.· wCiO, u· n~ wlil!lt~ubt. O!ltlliw4' IJUJ lliJf7 wmOO
t, qOUJOp tlbq h;m{7 L£ uw li fttlwgwt/ hwllpwt/f! l;nt//1:
fh 'l'l. bu ~nt liw plii?[! llbli£1 flnL2 Opwli£1 tJpblig Smgw4w0 'lb(lwOmOObp~ WJU 2WilJ?O hu hntmiLJ.mll t 'lbrw0Lj_w-
Utfl )111 Qn lipw rfl ubp 61:ip lipwlig tJpb[ig llw4wfl hnlnLI.Ilwllp W(ll').bO ~u4 uzLj_wo P"l"ll wowuaOwhwli14nLPJnLU-
SP. rli~ pbq lipwli rpbu ubq llbq [ipwug rpbug Gbpnl{ (uUJ ~ Uf7W - uf7w0 - u{7w0ftg- Uf7wfim/ - tJ{1UJfimil, f)W - f)f7W -
1U39. rli~ £1bQ G • rrbCi i.lbq Obq upwQg rpbQg f){1W0 - !J11W0ftg - f)f1UJ0ntj - f){7W0niiJ, Uf7W0J} - U{1W0g - Uf7W0gftg -
PU9 rlill(w)liMg 2bq(w)[ipg urH~j'lg tJf1blirg llbq(w)lirg ~bq(w)litJg G(lwligpg ttpt[igtJg
Uf7UJfigntJ- U{7WfJgmil, 1Jf7W0g - f){7UJ0g - f)[1W0g - f)f7W0gftg - f)f7W0gnt/
QflrO. pliO(w)linLI. pbq(w)lin4 Gpwliml, ppbGnll i.lliq(w)fin4 dliq(w)linr.l U(lwGgml, tJI'bUgnr.l.,
•1Jf7W{igmtfl..t WJLU}:
LtiM pUO(w}Gnu1 f!Gq(w)Gmlllip.J.JGnul fl(ltUruq llhq(w)[inti.l ()bq(w)[inul GpwfJgni.i.l ~i.l
.!60
261
Pwu~ n[l WJU llb[lwGmuGb(l(! W(llllWhWjUlnlll bu WOW(lljWjWljwu
p) ~w4'1 nL 9WUWI.j~ ~llWUlllnl[' Wjupwli, WjfJ.pWU, WJUJILuU, Cim;{}-
hwpwpbflnLJ}JnLfi, muulfl urwOg l!u OwtuwllWUnLpJWO llb2 hwCi11bu bO
qwLttu q.nJwljwOtJG hwlllm4 2WflWhJmuwljwO UJW2lllnuObrmt. pwli, WJUIWI/1, UnLJULUJI/I'lb(lWOntOObp[! uwtuWflUJUill~JWU llb~ Lt•Gntu
bCi !Wtfl m 9wOwlj~ UJW(lwq.w.
0{7/7fiwl( Llw illif7 Qlfuftu l/m{7&wup t plif7litm (bOpwljw):
0(l~Owlj' lJw bf7p/ip WJfiRWfi Lff7 funuii[, n ~l/ Uf7W ilbp 0/ifilULbg
I'Jpw qn,lrup;ntli[J Pntnf7/7U hwJUlU/7 !17 (hwlllljwgmg~!):
UJJfJIWl/1 wlitfbhli{7mpJmu: U}upwfi funub[mg uw nqLn{7l/litl{l:
'JwzmnuJ lllif71/?UtJJf7Wd'f! uw !17 (ullln[lnQ.bL~):
q) Sbrt~ ~llwulllmf WJUtJJ!i!], WJfJI170IJ, WJutnbl] .IJ.bpwGmu!Jbp£!
9flut/np0bf7[J unwfi 1!/7 1un/ fJWll Vlt/ftu:
OwtuwllwumpJwO llb2 L~Omll bu lllbrt~ UJwnwq.w. ..
'7f7wliftg ff1 uqutfnu.! wilbli /701 (tuOil~(l):
rutUJbu' UJUUIIiiJ nf/lULLiiW wlihwuqull}w[/1:
UJu, WJfl, WJU gmgwljwu llbnwOmOGb(l[! h~llOwljwOmll hwnwpb-
UJOUIIi!J [Wl/ !{7, qnl/ m funmwnw111:
rwlfgmll bG w6w4wuubpflu, pwJg b(lpbllO ljwnnrtl:iG w 11 wn4wJw~wO
I'O!UJbu bnl!mll t pbnl[wo or~uwljObrjlg. htl2JWL r~t.pwumuui:ipu
GzwGwljnt~JmG mGbOw( z4'tllwG bq(lb(l mOI:iuwLnl[ uw, fJW, fiw llb-
ljwqllm~jWilp PWflW'l[lJWL b(j l! upwug h~llJ;?mll [!0[two b(j WJU, WjfJ,
nwOmCHib[l~ hbLn:
w}fi gmgwljwOOb(l(!, nnnOg L[rw wl[bLwumll bu tnb!], LWI/1 q.nJw4wG-
'lbnwumOGb(l~ WJU zwni!n htlllOwljwOmllllnLI.mll t q.nJwljwOOb(l~ Obnu m UjOU, pwu ljWUjb(l(!:
t.l.flW la W(llllWhWjlllmll nnnU~ 2W(lWhjnLUWljw(j UJW2llln0.
Opftuw/t'lJw hwtfwV1mill WJfi Of70f7/7 U/WU7llnLPJWU[J.'
<I>ntuwlur~ rttruLn~uutr
IJ}U W?/uW{7hmil fl/flULI/;W qW{7llWfiW[fl.'
UowljwOu!:in~o hwnwpbflw~gmll bfi WJUU/ftuft, WJfJU/ftu/7, WJ{ilJI/7- <J>ntuW'lW(l~ llbflWUnLUUb[l[! QnLJQ bu lfiWL~U 4'tntuWI'J.W(lC'.!WpUJf1
u/1, fimJUU/flU/7, um}u, UnLJU gmgwljwO llbnwOmOOb(l[!, npnQ11 ll(ll[mll ~pwp hblll l!wUJL[wo wnwnljwObn: 'lnwu9 bu· ilftiljwug, /7f7Wf7, ilbqilli-
bO q.nJwl!wOObnr L[pw, gmJg bG lllWt~u wnwnl!wJ~ nnwljwljwO hwlll- /fm: <I>ntuwllW(l~llb(lwOmOObno hwnwpbrwljgmll bO qnJwljw(jOI:in~u.
~wO~z hWUilbU Q.Wl~U n[lnU~ UJW2Ulnunl[.
I..L qnnbwol[mll hnq.Owlj~ ~zwOwljmpJwllp, qmnl! bu mrtrtwl!wO hnLn-
On~uwlj' UJUU//7U/l of7bf7 ilbue lW1111iue l/1/iubt: l{wOla~g, ubnwljwO, lllfl.~ljwO, hwJgwljwO hntnl[Obno ljwqllmll bu
llJIJUI/JU/7 Of7QOf7 f}l!n lWU7b0 [Ul/D[m: · ll~wOilwu Rbnw4wQw4UlP Cll!bnnl[: ·
llm}u hwf7g!J liupwqw f puuwf7/;ilwfi La WJL 0: eJ)ntuwllwn~ llbnwun~OObn~ hnLnl[llwO hwpwgmJgo.
fal[w~w(iubn~G hwnwpbnwljgmll bO hbllll!JWL gmgwljwO lll:iFJW· n~'l '1.. --- I
umuubnn' WJUJ]UJU, WJfJPWU, UnLJUpwu, WJUIWI/1, 'UilfJIWI/1, UlJUIWl/1, Ubfl. ll~llJwOg ~[lW(l llbljllbljm (llbljllbljtl)
!Jm}ULWI/1, n(lnOp llllLI.ntll b(j l!' qnJwljwGObn~.,~l!· pwJbll~ L[(lw La hwO- sr. ll~tlJwlig ~nwn ~bljllbljm
Ill:iu QWL~U nnnu~. !W4't m 9WUWI.j~ UJWilWQWJ~ UJW2llln00bpnl[. =mas. ll~tlJwOg ~nwp llbljllbljm
On~Owlj' U;unwO qli{7ilwuwgftulif1Llf7 tJJ!iulit fif7plip: PUS. ll~llJwOg~g ~(lwp~g llbljllliljmg
IJmJD.ewfi nwwlinqulif7 l;wu ilbf7 ilwufiw;blipmil: qnro. ll~llJwOgnl[ ~nwnnl[ llhljllbljnl[
UJTJUWii /;Wf7fJW[ntg uw lnLl/1 !17 hnqfimil: utrq_ ll~lljwOgmll ~(lW[lmllllbljllbljm
<I>ntuwllWfl~ llb(lwOmOOb(l(! Owtuw11wum~JWO llb2 hwuflbu uu
l.•nLjlipw(i Wl/UWtnlig uw uwL hwpn{7fJ Of7[J l! WJLO:
QWl~U Qnjwljw(j~(j hWlllntlj 2W!1WhjnLUWljw(j UJW2lllnUUb!lmf pwg~
UwljpwJObn~O tJwnwpbnwl!gmll bu hbllll!JWL gmgwljw(i 11 t 11 w-
Omuubnn. · bupwljwJ~Q. i!WO~ n[l unwup nLflflWljwu hnLnl[wCil! !nLUbu:
l'lG!UJI:iu' Gf7qntu~ lt ffwliwfmil liu il/JilJwfig, uftf7mil /lfiiJ.Jfl;
w) Ql!~ ~lluJulllnl[ WJUU/bu, WJfJu/lw, WJiiUibu, fimJfilJiliu flbnw-
QIJ1ul/mil bu t1/7t1Jwfig/7g hbnm l! WJLfi:
GmOObnn OwtUl.llllWum~JwO llb2 t~Omll bO ~l!~ UJW(lwqw.
On~Owlj' UJUIL/bU funulig, WJIJU/bu U/WU7ilbg ilb17 hlif7nU[J:
vfiLJO'.!IbU junubg liwL hwpnf7fJ. hnbl17nf7!J.
262
263
IIIWL~U !lllW('lpbpwljttwO ewliwljWJ~(j la qWUWJ~(j hW("'WI.Illantpjntli, n-
pnOe hwliql:iu b(i qwL~U h~llliwljwlinul npnu~. bppbll(i liwla iWtl'l m
4wii1WflJWL~ WJU hM11o ~nii!nul t gnJw~wfi (g uwuu~~ UlllUJ(i _ PwJ~ ubo~ 11li11w~wuw~wu i.jw11qu WI1U1WhWJlllnLil t qn110n11nLPJWu
LnL ~wu1tSwrm4.): UJ
hwpwpbpnLpJmuu wm qnnonl1nLPJnL0[! ~wU1w11n11~. umpJb~U1~ ~wll
uu l wowQg mQbgnl1 PWJbl1~ ~WlllWI1JWL~ h~llllmll WU~WlllUJnl1 Rbl'lw~wuw~wu bupw~wJ~ u ~11"11 wnwp~wJ~. opJb~Ul~ ~wtl tuuflp~
h~llll~ fi u l wowugub11u [!O~umll bQ, u uz4w6 pwJiii10 tunOwl1h4m~ 04WU11lwtlp: UJ1U1Wil~(i wztuwl1h~ WllWJ1~WGbl1~. Qpwug qnl10nl1nLP-
b·uw~w:: ~wll. WI1~WlllW~~(i ~~llllnt!. ~U!~bu' Qll11ibt _ QUI _ Qtnw, jnL0Qbp~ ~wll bl1bLnLJ)jnLQ(ibp~ ll~2u
b11w0 ~w~b11Q nL hWI1Wpbpmp-
1/1 '/U! 1 t/1UJ{U - lflWfuW, lJUIUli[ - tlU1 - tlUIUJ, pnfbt -flO -pow: iJgU. jnL0QbpQ WI1U1WhWJU14mll bQ ubn~ ll~2ngn4, n11nGg pQmjJ)nt! tL npnz-
!Jgfi,'!(j WOWUQ mubgn11 ~WUltSWilW~W(i pWJbl1[] ~WlllWI1JWL~ h~ll~ t!nLil bQ pWJ~ ubn~ U'lbuw~Obp[! dwllwuw4w~~g hwJbl1bQmll: dwtlw-
11nul l1 hO!JnLU[) lflntuwl1f1Ci4nul t p-mt n11o u ~n!l!mll t nbw~wu hiH.ill Owljw~~g hwJbl1bQmll U1WJ1Pbl1w~4mll bQ pWJ~ bpbll ubn' Qbpqnp6w-
~Cit~bu' pwpJpU:gObt - pwptJpwgp - pwpdpwgpbJ, tlnU1bglibt _ iln~ 4w0, ~11wt!n11w~wQ u !bqn11:
Ulbgp - tlntnbgpf1 u wnu: Uju~~unt!. ~WlllWf!JWL~ h~llllbfl[! ~wqtlmp
JWU lllbuwu~jnLO~g pwdwGt!nul b(i bpb~(i tullp~· Wf11lWIIIW~w(i, gn- Lt;f"'qnf"'OU4UL UtO
JW~W(i u pbw~wfi:
t.bpqnrOw~wli ubn~ pwJbpo gnLJg bQ U"'WL~u WJG~~u~ qnl16n-
_u~ 2Wfl~ PWJbl1 ~WlllWI1JWL~ h~ll~mll mub(i qmqwhbn ~lib!'l, ~U!
11nLPJnLG, nn~ ~wU1w11tlwG hwllwn ~whwG2t!mll t wGtl~2w~wQ w-
Uj.bu wpft- Wf1/lf!. wpbgft - wpbgftp, V71//l - Vlt//lplt Ult/bg/1 - Vlt/bgftfl,
nwp~w. m·ll u ~-li! hwrgbi1~Q ~w111wutuwGn11 wnwp~w. ~Gt~bu' u/1-
Plif1/l - pbp/lp IJ pbpbg/1 - pbpbgftp, '1fl/l - '1/1/1{1 IJ qpbgft - qpbg/1{1: UJu
pb[ /l•U[[J- Q/1{1/l[J, JlW!JWJl[J, 6W!J/l/j[J, WfiUIWO[J, qbf}bgqnLpjnLfi[J IJ U/1-
~ubp[) dwtlwliw~w~~g hwJbpbumll tunuw11Mwu [!Uflhwum 11 ~ut ~ 11 9 {10[ nitl- Vlf/WJ/lfi, nwmg[mhmfi, 6finqfibp/lfi, Jlpnp!J, u wnQ:
2b11t!n11 ~ub11 b(i U ljwqllmll b(i hWJiil1bU~ WU~W(in(i pwibp~ 2WI1~f:):
t.bnq.nrOw~wfi ubo~ pwJbno ~wqllnLJ)JWtlp t~Gmll bQ ~wpq
(~Q!~bu' qwpf1WJ, qpbJ, uftpbf, qwomgbJ u wnG) u PW'l.W'li1JWL, n-
nnQil ~wqllt!mll b(i b(l~nL b11w(iw~nt!' Wgfi, bgfi, gfi ~WU1tSWDW~W(i
PU3t"' 42bf\U~UuU~Uu ~Uf\QbflC
wowQgQbpnt!. ~(i!~bu' qwqbgfib[, 6/16wqbgfib[, qwjubgfibt u wQnnnz
flbnpwJn4 u UIWJ pwJ~ hWI1Wfl(lnLJ)JWilp' qwomgbJ UIWJ, ilnowgfibt
Pwm hwJbnbQ~ tunu11~ llwubn~ hwllwljw11qmll ~bnw~wQw~wu UIUJ[, U/1{10[ UIWJ, tlW/}{10[ UIWJ, qnV1{10[ UIWJ u WJLQ: ubpqn(lOW~W(i
~wnqb11nt! m hwU1~wGtJzubnn4 wllbQwhwl1nLUU1 m wllbQwpwqllw- ubo~ pwJbp[! tl~2U1 ~whwG2mtl bQ nLrt~'l. tuli'l~fl hwjgw~wli hn(n-
qwQ tunu11~ llwuu t: ~nl{: Cu111 n11mll· hwjgw~wQ hntn4n4 m11~11 tuGfl~l1[) wQ~ gmjg 1114n11
PwJ~ tunull~llwuwJtJG hwU'l~wG~zGbno ~wtl Gnw lllil1w~wQwljwO qnJLU~wQQbl1~ flb~llmtl L~Gmll t U'l(lW~wQw~u. ~Gt~bu' uftpbJ {m ·tl)
~w11qona mumlluwu~l11iL~u wllbu~g wnw2 wQhl1wdbzlll t U1w 11 pb 11 w- tlWJp/lq/lfi, ~u~ ~11 (n! wQ~). gmJg 1114n11 qnJw~wQQbp~ flb~~mll' nLI1-
~bL ~bnw~wQw~wQ WJG ~wpqb(l[!, nnnQil pun11n2 bQ [!QqhwGI1WtLibu 11WlfwQw~u. ~(i!~bu' U/1{10[ {/l.fi[[J} JlW!JWJl[J, hWjpbfi/lJ}[J U WJLG:
PWJ tunu11~ llwu~Q, WJu~ullQ. pb wGflbll, J)b' fl~llwt!nn ~ub 11 ~a: ub11qnnow~wQ ubn~ ~whwG2nt! fl11t!n11 mrt~'l. tuGfl~l10 ~w11n11 t
Ubn~. ~wqllnLJ)JWCi ~b11~tJ u llwuwtlp Owu dwtlwuw~~ ~bnw~w mQbQwL ~llwuU'lwJ~O U1WI1Pbl1 fll1\lun11mllQb11: UJu~bu'
Ow~wQ ~WI1qbno hWU'lnL~ bQ PWJ~ u' WGijbll (ijbppWjUb11). u' fl~llw4nl1 w. nLI1~11 tuQ'l~l10 L~Qmll t unu~ ~11"11 tuGfl~l1. WJu~Q~Q· WJG w-
nwn~wQ t, n11~ 411W nLI1114mll t qnl16nrtnLJ)JmQQ ~11 wllpn112 6w4wtn4.
(bl1wGw~wJ~Q) ~ub11~G. tl~Qmbn llJmu ~bpwljwQw~wQ ~wpqbno ·
wnwQg ~11w~wQ ~mfmtumJ)jmQ£ibl1~. ~Gt~bu' uftpbJ hwjpbfi/lJl!J,
flbll~. P~~. b11wGw~. dwllwuw~. pGn11n2 bu ll~wJQ PWJ~ fl~tlwt!np ljwll
lii1WUW~Wj~Q ~libp~Q: hwpqb[ [Jfiqbpnp[J, QQWJ q.bf}bg/1/j[J, JUOJ junjunpjnLfi[J u wnQ:
p. nL'1.~11 tuGfl~l1· ~wnn11 t t~Gbt wJG wnw11~wG, npo Gb11qn1164mll,
wq'lt!mll t u ~11mll t nnnzw~~ ~n~ntumJ)JnLQ, ll~ 4~6w~~g wQglimtl t
274
!7'5
ilb~ WJL ~~liw~~. ~U1tijbu' PW{IfJiiL pwdwlf[J, li/Wli10bL q/J{IJ}[J, QW{If}W-
fllil utwmlip!J 1.& wnu: (fwlllwnmil t Rbnw~wliw~wO bOpw~wO, pwJg wuw2~0 fuilp~ pwJbf\11
q. nu1~11 fuO!l-~11 4wnnrt t L~UbL WJfi WllWf1~W0, nnu WDW2WQbL t flbl.I.IRnLil l.l.lwhw02~mil t nLI'\~11. tuOil~n. tn~nnn11 qbl.I.IRmil' n1: ~bqng
nnl.l.lbu wnllJnLOg, hb1111.&wug nnl.&t qnnon'lnLPJWO, ~o 1 l.l.lbu' qpliL Ow- ubn~ pwJbn~ qqwl~ ilwun L1.1Whw02mil t lllflw~wli hnLn~n~ fln~wo w-
tlwft, ftwnmgliL 2/iO_p, qnpoliL QnLLU/W 1.& wnO: =twn~ t OzbL Owl.&, nn Qmll,I'\W~~ fu0q~j1, ~O!l.l.lbu' ll/lt1Wf}f10l P20wt1m0, OwjliL JlWfJWJl/10, t1n-
l.I.IWlllliwnw~w(j wowugn~ LWqil~w6 Obnqnnow~wo ubn~ PWJbnn lllli0UJL ubqwOftO 1.& wnO: ~bqng ubn~ pwJbn~ hwilw~wnqmil mwnpb-
h~ilQw~wOmil ~wqilLjnLil bu 1bqng ubn~ pwJbn~g. ~O!l.l.lbu' tfwqliL - nw~~mil t pwJbf1~ il~ tumilp, nnnOg ~wqil~mil bO t/ ~nw~nnw~bnl.l.l
t/wqbgObf, pwpdpw011JL - pwpdpwgOiJL. hwuOiiL - 11wug0bf, ~ulf wOn- wowDgn~. pwJg ~nw~nnw~wo ubn~ !bO: UJu tuilp~ pwJbl'l[! ~"!~mil
nnz llbnpwJ qnulwnwo mw1 blllwrmmpJwilp ~wqilmpJmOObnn h~tl bO lfnw~nnw~bnl.l.l!bqng, ~U!l.l.lbu· WJflt/liL, pnppnJlt/liL, 1/lnt/liL, qdt/bf,
Ow~wGmil punnnz bu Obnqnnow~wo ubn~ pwJbp~O. ~U!l.l.lbu· uftpa1 ~ LI/UJgl/liL, hwqOt/liL, uwOpt/bL 1.& wnu:
u/lflliL mw,, qpliL - qpbf mw1 1.& wnO: uz~wo fuilp~ pwjbf1[! dwilwuw~w~~g hwjbflblimil h~il(lw~wOmil
~nbOg hwilwl.l.lwlllwutuwO Obnqnnow~wo ~L&bnn 1mObO, 1bqng ubn~
~£ittllbu' qpnul btl, q{Jnul t/1, {jWf1fJ.nu1 t/1: Ufil.fwrnwn fl.bflPWJD Gw~!~ ~nUl, w1u hwm4wOnznl{ L.u WJC! ~wtuJWL qbppwJ t: Ut.4wnup flbrpwm
r}.WUOLJ)JW£i llb2 WJL 4~!1WilnLf}JMLG 1mOjl, murn~ L. unw !lOll[! unu~ fiwtuwfl.wumpJwli lib2 llpzLn hwOI)bu t qwLflu odwur}.w~ pwJ~ £ibn~w
dL.wpwOw~wfi t: h wOQJWL ctwllw£iw40bp~ hblli L. ~wqilmu t uwhLh.uuw4wu bqwuwljp
w1..4wolitl u wUQJWLtl WL4wnun dwllwCiwl.fwdL.bn[l. flU1L4bu' q{11i{m btl.
i.I.U'lU4USUI' 'lti'PU9 · qpli[nL t, {jWfliJWfnL /ill, qw{1f/.WfnL t, liflU!r}.tm wOnpnz r}.b!'IPWJfl utmw-
. ~wO hnLnl[wOL[! OwtuwqwumpJw£i llb2 Lflumll t npn2~1. /10!l4bu' ljw{1-
'-lwqw~wU'lWf'l rt.bppwm gmJg t rnwl~u l.fwrnwnttwo, wl{wnun{wo IJW[nl q/JfJJJ, qplifnt Owllwl;, hWL"l~wgmgp{ qOw[nLIJ Ofi!J, ~u4 mpw-
qnp6nrtmpjm0 wnwtig hbLnL.wti.g~ 4wli llGwjntti 4,~tSw4/1 Fl!1ULnpllw!i ~wO hnLnLtmf GL4WUlw411 L4WJ1Wqw· qOwg hwOqumwOwtm. li[jwl/
(hbOg l{bp2~0 hwOqwllwti.gObnn4. tL WJU rnwppbpl{mll t hwnw4wLnw- unt/nf1litm L. WJlU: Uunpnz n.bppwJp u!:mwl.jwli, mrnJJI.jwu hnlml.w?!L.nr.n
n~g), ~U!Ujbu' Qf1li[, {jWf1fJ.Wgli[, b{Jqli[, fuwqwgb[ L wnti: b tunfiwnh- om1 0~qbu l.fwnnll. bO qnJ16wol{bL odw0qw4 pwJbnfl hbUl: tiJ'l r}.bl.4.enul
liw(i 1.4Wf'lq pwJbp~ (uwll 4nwl{npw4w£i m pwqdwUjwrn4w4wu P~Jb- OpwUR ~wqllmll bQ PW'l.W!li'IJWL utnnrmqJWL u W!1U1WhWJLnnLLl hwm-
11~) l{wrtwl.fWLnW!'l[! l.fwqlll{nLli t WU4WLnWfl~ h~ll.g~g. WJU l)bUjJ!ntll W· ~wOzwJ~li flllwurn:
Onrmz l.t l{wrtw4wmwp l)bflpWJUbfl(l dLwJ/1U GnlJUntpJntO m£ib0, pu1- «U;u pnLf1lJ fudlitm t-» CiwtuwJlwumpJwG llb2 «fulllitm t>> Ol.to
Uibu' W£innnz' Qf1li[, li{lq/i[, U/1f1b[, l{Wil.Wl.fWLnWfl' Qf1b[, /if1Qb[, U/1{1/:i[: . gnLJQ t UlWL~U hwLnl.fwU2WJflU /1llWULn, WJUflG_g(i' /Uillitnt pm{J t, pul.j
U tunuwnhllw£i L4Wflq m unul.fwowOgwl{nn. t tunOwnhllw£i li u. 1 ~bf1bfuwli w;u pntflf! futlb[m t» Owtuwr}.wumpjwO llb2 wnmwhWJLnmll
unul.fwowOgwl{nn. UjWLnliwnwl.fw£i PWJbfl~ l{Wil.W4WLnW!1[! l.fwqlll{nul t 4bf1L4WJ~O. dwllwCiw4wJpO tJliwuLn: unLJCi Ounl{ Owu hbUlLJWL Ow-
t lfwLnWPJWL~ htul.g~g. ~G!L4bu' qqw[ - qqwglif, 11/inwOwf hbowg- fuwnwumpjm0£ibrmul' llw w;u Wll/f1WUJJf! qwlfwab{m t (wt.4wulif1
hbnwgb[, qll101it - Ql/1 - qll1b[, i/lwfuJbt - i/lwtu - i/lwfulif, 11nll1bg01i[ - tlbflPWJ): U;u Wll/fJWUJJf! 1/wrfwabtm t(wunnn2t1 ubnwl.fwCi):
dnll1bg{1- dnli1Dgf1lif, llwqgObt -11wqg{1-llwqg{1bf L wnO: 1"tli1L41:iu wn'ltli Ozijbg, WL4WD0fl !ll:inpwJ qmliwnwo odw01lw4 pwJ
4.wrtwl.fwLnW!1 qbnpwm w£i4wtu, ~£i.gOmnmJti 4tJpwnmpJmli 1m- 4wnmJg[! Flfldwl[np, dwliwOwl.fwJpli Ou t (l.4Wilq urnnnnqJwL), flu4 w0nf'lrl2
ti~ L tiwfuwqwumpJwO llb2 litJzLn qnno t wol{nul btl, t/1 odwuqw4 pw- l)bppwJp ubowl.fw£i hnLnl{wdUr:J PW'l.W!lPJWL uLnnJ1nqJWL t. nJ1Lnbll. hfl2JWL
Jbp~ hbLn ll l.fwqllmll t uwhllw0w4wti bll.wtiw4~ l{wll.wl.fwLnwnll wlig- AU{! hwO!}.bu t qUJLPU nnL4bu umnnnqbLf1wl.jwO l[bpwl)flfl, umnnnqbtfl:
JWL~ l{WrtW4WLnWI'l dwllwOwl.fObp[!, ~U!L4bU' q{lli[ lid, q{11i[ t/1, /tWfl·
dtuSUUL (dtuSUI.tUL) 'lbPPU3
fJ.Wgbf lid, {jWf1fJ.Wgli[ t/1 L wnti:
dtuLndwO rt.bflpWJ[! QnLJ9 t rnwtflu odw£iqw4 pWJ~ dfumw4w0
U"'UOLI"t 'lbi'PUS 6ubrmij WpLnwhwJLnl[nrt !l.fWUlWflbLfl qnpOnll.nLPJWU l.fwll brtbLnLPJWU
UU,4wn£if1 qbppwm QnLJQ t LnWLtlu l.fwmwpbL~ qnponqmf)JnLO l.fwli Olillhwlimn qW'lWLflwp ll qnpo t wol[mll L4WjllwOwl.jwCi brtwGwl.fp
\ffuutWI.jW(i funuwnhllw(i autnnul, fl0!L4bU' Qfl/1, {jWf11JW!' j"l(j~L4bU
5
bll.bLnLPJntti L. 4wqlil{mli t m llwuu~l.fml.. nno 'll'lllnul t w0nJ1n2/1 l{nw.
~ti1L4bu' Qf1b[ - Qf1b[nl, {jWf1fJ.W{ - {jWf1fJ.WfnL, fuWIJWgfibt /ZJWI]Wg· ipltnul t pbnl{wo onf10wl.flibpf1g, b tunuwnhllwu pwJbnfl t6nfl'lP li dwJ-
lib[m, qt110b[ - qll11ili[m, pnqObt - pmzOii{m: Ut.4wnCI~ qtnpwJO al.tn4. Owl{nno lflntuL{mll t /1-11. pu4 U tunuwnhllwO pwJbp~ qbl.4.emllt-£i n04-
CiliwCi t wOnnnz qbnpwJ~ ubnw4w0, Lnflw4w0 hnLnl{wa~.tbn~u. uw4wJO 0nu:i t (l.fwpr}.w. tuw11w): dfuLnllw£i l)bppwm l.fwtuJWL r}.bppwJ t. !ntG~
OnwOgtJg twt.4bu rnwppbnl[mli t qmm pwJw4wG Gzwuwl.fmpJwllP u Ma(impnLJO 4~pwnmpJmCi L. hwuqbu t qwL~U ll~WJU L4WJliwOwl.fw£i
pwJwl.fwCi ctwliwuwl.fObp t l.fwqllnul, ll~011)bn wOnnnz~ utmwl.fwO. ~wll blipwqpw4w£i brtw0w4fl WL4Willi~ L. wOgJWL WL4WnU~~ dtumw-
~(i hnLnLI.wdLtno 4wnnq bu hwuqbu qwl LflntuwOl[w£iwl.fwO 4~ ~WO tunuwphuwO l.fwqllmpJWU dwllwuw4:
pwnmpJwlip' zwpwhjmuwl.fwG lllWilPDI'l L4W2Lnn00bnnl[ (nnnztJ1·
hwLnl.fwgmg~!. l4WPwqw): Ut.4wn£i~ qbppwm wOnpnzjl hntnl[waub-
287
286
1nqliwlj~ p~4.
ll1bllQ. -~liS. qpbgftup, ljW[1fJWU/7UJJ, Qp, Qr7b0p, ljWflfJWUJl
llflbllp. -flR' qpbg~Q. {jW[1fJLUU/7R, 9' qpbp, ljW[1fJWJ]
PwJ~ bll.wliw~wJflO ~wlll').~llwl[np llltbp[! gnLJQ bli LllWL~U qnf16n. llll)l:illsf Q(qpn) q.pbgnG. qW[1fJWU/7U, ~· q[lbfi, /jWflfJWU
flnL~JWU I, hflbLnLJtJWG [!l'iflhwGnLp qwqwlflwp, ~n!L(nLil bCI OwL. umn- PwJ~ pW'l.WilflJWL dwllwuw4wCiltbpnul qbtlQ~ !!bpwljwuw-
pnqbL~w~wCI OL.h[l, J;!WCI~ np OwtuwqwumpjwCIIlb2 hwCII').bu b(i qwt~u 4WO ~wpqu wpmwhwJul4_nul t odwu11w4 pwJ~ Gup4w u wugJWl Jw ..
umnrmqJWL~ LL!WzumOnl(: PwJ~ bqwCiw~wJ~O Oltb[l~li hwmm~ bu 'lbll- ~wOw~GI:ipnl(, ~Crill.fbu'
R~. ptl~. dwdwfiwta~. qnpbnl\nLpJWCi ~bflll.l~ lt b11w0w~~ pbpw~wOw I flbllp bd, t/7, blip, t/10~
~wu ~wjlqbpo: qpmll bll, qpmll t/7, qpmll bOG, qpnul t/70J2, qW{1f1nlll til, ftwp-
l)ntd t/7, /;Wf1fJl1lU bup, /;W[1f}nUJ lflup
'lbU.if' .ibi'U4UuU4Ut. 4Uf"QC II flhllP liu, tjyr, liR, l/1R
qpmll bu, qpnllf l/7[1. qpmll bJi, qprruJ l/lp, {JWfil/nlll bu, {jWf1iJ.f7il1
'lbt1R~· Rbpw~wOwtawfi ~wpqQ wpmwhWJIIlnLil t qnp6nqmpJWli t/1{1. /;UJflf}nlU bp, /jW[1fJnlll f/112
hwpwpbpnLpJnLuu WJO wOO~ ~wll wnwp~WJ~ O~wmllwllp, np Opw . Ill ijbtll! t, tp, /iii, t/70
~wmwpnqO t. L. np[! l~OnLil t fununfL[!, tunuw~~Q[! ~wll ll~ bppnprl[!, qpm 11 t, Qf1nLU tp, Qflntll bu, qpm.ll tj7{i, itWflfJnJ. li l, ljwprJm t1 Cf1,
npflllwu~O funul(nul t:
/jW{IfJnlU IJ{j /;Wfi!JnlU t/70
=lwJbpbOnul pwJO nLu~ bpbs 'lbllR' w11wy~fi. bp~f1"11'l L. bppnpl}:
Unw2~0 flbt1.QI! QnLJQ t liiWl~u. np qnpbnqmpJnLO[! ~wmwpnul t
tununq[!' /jWflf}UJg/1, qliwgft, lipq/igft, ~nbuli/id, qlinuJ btl, /jWflf}nuJ lid,
fununuJ lidlt wnu:
bptapnpl} l}bdRO gnl]g t IIlWL~U WJOLI.I~U~ qnpbnqnLpjntO, np 4w-
111W(lntll t tunuw~~gn. ~U!LL!bu' qtiwgftfl, /jUJf1f}UJgftp, UJ/iuwp, qtinlll PwJ~ l'}bllp~ L. fHt~ pbpw4wuw4wu 4wpqbro ubpmn[lbO 4wUJ-
liu, /jUJflf}ntd liu, funumd liu lt WJl0: L(w6' b[i lllilljWOg hbLn L. hwijWUWf1WL4bU WflLntUhWjUlLtnul b(i
bppnfl'l l}bd.QI! QnLJQ t IIlWL~U WJOLL!~U~ qnpbnqntpjnLii, np ~W ll~L.finl]U L(bj12WL(npnL!)JOL0ubpn4_: .
Ulwpl(nul t ll~ b('lpnpfl wOO~ ~n111l~g. nn~ llwu~O tunul(nul t. fiG!ll.lllu' PwJO mO~ l:in4m !l~Ll· bqw~~ k hnqliw4~: tqwljj1 ~tal[G WflUlUJ-.
qtiwg, ~nliuwq, funulig, qtimd t, /jWfi!Jntd t, funumd t lt wJLu: hWJLn4.ntll t hbLnl&JWl 4_bp2wt.J.nJ1nL!lJnLG0bpn4_. ft. ltWflfJWg/7. Q[1bg/7. !}
'lblls~ J;!bpw4wuw~wu ~wpqu wpmwhwJLnl(nu1 t pwJw~wu hw- ljwpq.wll, qpbll, w · qwpr;w, ftfl' qpft p, m · ifwqbgpn 1.• L odwGt)Wlj pw-
llwll.lwmwutuwO L(bp2wl(npmpJnL0ubp~ ll~2ngnl(, ~O!ll.lbu' /jWfl· J~ hbLnlAJWL OL.bpn4_' btl, liu, t (Obpqw) lt l/7, l/7(1, lf1 (wilg}Wf):
f}UJg+/1, qliwg+/1, /ipq/ig+/7, /jWflf}UJg+ftfl, qllwg+ftp, lipqlig+ftfl, ljwp- 1nq0w4~ !)l{~ UJWpq dwllw0w4wOI.LbnG wrnnwhWJliltlmli bG /lOp,
f}UJg+O, lipqlig+O, qUwg+O lt odwuqw~ pwJ~ hwllwl!lwmwutuwO Oltb- /IR, /IIi, wtip, wp. wO 4_bp2wLlnflnL!lJmGObpn4_, ~O~Li.fbu' /;W,nqwgj71Jp,
pnl(. ~U!LL!bu' qUmd lid, /jWfi!Jntd lid, lipqmlllid, qllmllliu, /jUJflf}ntll /jWflf}UJgftp, qw{lf}Wg/70 lt ftWflfJWUJi, /jUJ[1f)Wp, qW[IfJWU.' :=tpwllw]W-
liu, lipqmd /iu, qlimd t, /jUJflf}mll t, lipqmll t: ~w(j b11.wuw~~ pwJw?lubfll} 4wqlll{nul tO bp, bgbp t.J.bp2wLI.nf1nL!lJmG-
UJULL!~unl(' PWJ~ flbllp~ pbpw~w0w4w0 ~wpqO wpmwhWJLlll(nul Obpnt.J., ~GiUJbu' qpbp, qpbgbp, ljwp!Jwg!Jp, dtowgbp, ifwqbgpbp G.
t hbmltJWL tlbfl2WL(npnLpJmOubpmJ.. 'NJLU: P~nWil11JLijl ~~~~nw"Ob~r hnq~ijj~rQ 41-J.H\~~mA t odw~~w4
t;qw~~ P~Ll (LL!Wflq dwllwOw~Obp) J!WJ~ hbUli.LJWt ~ubpn4.' liliG. lip, ali, qpnul MJ2, qpmll bJ], q(lnul bO L.
I l}bll9. -~ • qp/igft, /jUJflf}UJgft, t1' qplirl, /jUJflf}WU f/IOp, t/lp, t/70, qpmll tj7up, qpmll t/lp, qpnul tfJO u wnO:
lll'}bllJf -~~~· qpbg~p. /jWfi!JWU/1{1, u· qpliu, /jWfi!JWU
19*
Ill qbll~ • O(qpn)' qpbg, /jWfi!JWU. -~. w· Qfl/1, /jUJflf}UJ
288
ctUlJULU41" ~bPU4ULU4Uu 4UPq(!
~wQ, hpwllwJw4wO bqw0w40b(l~ pntn(l dwllwliw40b(l[!: PwrtWil('IJWL
PwJ~ dwllw£iw4o gmJQ t U'IWL~u qn(l6nrtm~Jw£i ~WU'IW(lllw£i dw- dUJllwOw40b(l[! pwdwOl{mlll:iO b(l4m tullp~· QL)'uwl{npl.& b(l4Jln(11lw4wli:
llw£iw4o. qn(lOnrJm~Jw(j 4wll brtbtm~JW£i hw(lwpl:i(lnL~Jm(jo tunubtnt qL)'uwl{n(l dwllwliw4lib(lli W(llllWhWJUll{mll bO n(ll.&t flb~pwJnl{ l.&
Ujwh~ (j4w1111lw~p: Cu1.11 WJilll' pwJ(j mQ~ l:i(lb~ dwllw£iw4' (jl:i(l4w, ~btl (t/1) odw£iflw4 pwJnl{, ~u4 b(l4(ln(lllW4wO dwllw£iw40b(l[! flb(lpW-
w(jgJWL l.& uJUjWil(j~: JPtl L& Lf10b[ pwJ~ tun£iw(lhl{w6 pntn(l lll.&b(lnl{ (~O!lqbu' Qflbtflu btl t/1-
ubf14W dwdw0W4[! QnLJQ t lllWL~U, n(l qn(lOnflnLf)JnL(j[! 4WlllW(l- 0mtl, Qf1bf/1U /tif10btl, QflbfnL U//1fl1/1 tf10btl):
l{mll t tunul:itm lqWh~(j, ~£i!Ujbu' l;u Q{1nullitl, (fUJ{1f}nul btl: PWJ~ dwllwliw4~ ,Eb(lw4wliw4w£i 4w(lq~ fl(lUl.&n(lllWOQ hwl{w-
UOQJWl dwllw0w4o QnLJQ t lllWL~U WJiiU~~U~ qn(l6nrtm~JnL£i, np uw('IWUibu llwuOw4gmll bQ l!' flb(lpWJOb(l[!, l.&' odw£iflw4 pwJ[!, [!Ulll n-
4WlllW(ll{bL t tunul:itm lljwh~g wnw2' uw Qf1bg, /tUJf1f}UJg. l.Jw Q.f1bt t, pnLll, qb(lpWjOb(l[! QnLJQ bQ lllWL~U qn(l6nrtnL~jnL£i£ib(l~ hwpn(lflnLf)~
/tWflf}Wgb[ f: JnLli llll{JWL dwllw£iw4w4blll~ hw(lwpb(lnL~JWllp, ~u4 odwuflw4 PWJ[!
U~wnQ~ dwllw0w4o gnljg t lllWL~u tunubtm UlWh~g hl:illln 4w- fib(l4W l! WUQJWL dwllw0w4w4bllll:i(l:
111W(ll:iL~ qn(lOnqnL~Jmli 4wll brtbLnLPJnL(j: l.Jw QUW[nt l, /tUJ{1f}W[nt l:
l.Jw qqOw, /tltWflfJUJ: PU31" ti'\UuUL41" ~tPU4ULU4Uu 4Urqc
uzl{w6 WJU b(lb,E dwllw0w4£ib(l[! hwl1[!04(imll bO dwllwliw4~
lll(lwllwpw£iw4wli 4w(lqb(l~O. npnG~ tbql{mll m(ibO ,EI:i(lw4w(iw4w(j PwJ~ bqw£iw4~ ,EI:i(lw4w(iw4w0 4w(lq[! QnLJQ t lllWL~U qn(l6n-
fl('IUl.&n(lmllGb(l l.& hwiSwtu 4n!tlmll bO Owl.& ~b(lw4w(iw4w0 dwllw0w- flnLPJW£i l.& ~(lw4w£impJWU hw(lwpb(lnL~JmG[!, ~G!UII:iu Owl! qn(l6n-
4wlll.&b(l, ,Ew(j~ n(l QnLJQ bQ lllWL~U n(ll.&t dwllw0w4Lu4blll~ hwlll:illw- 11.nLPJWU 4wll l:irtl:iLnL~JWU G4wlllllwllp tununrt~ m0bgw6 l{b(lwpb(l-
lllnLf)JWllp l{b(lgl{w6 qn(lOnqmpJm(j 4wlll:iqbtm~Jm0: (inLO~o: tqw£iw4~ ,EI:i(lw4wuw4w0 4w(lq[! wGh(lwdbzlll t lllW(lpl:i(lbL
dwllw£iw4w4~9 hwjb(lb(j[! pwl{w4w(j~0 hW(lnLUlll t pwJw4wO ouflhWli('IWUlbu bll.wuw4wl{n(lnL~JwO 4w(lq~g. ~wu~ n(l l{b(l2~uub(lu
~b(lw4w£iw4w£i dwllw0w4Gbrnl{, n(lnO,E pwJ~ h~llliw4w(j dwllw£iw4~ wqwlll zw(lWhJmuw4wG 4wUiw4gm~JmG£ib(l bu l.& 4w(lnrt l:iG fl(lUl.&n(l~
ub(l~Q lllW(lpb(ll{mll bG (i(lwOnl{, n(l nt ~b [!UilhWO('IWUjbu, WJL n(ll.&t l{bL bqwliw4wl{n(l lllW(lpb(l pwnb(l~ 4wll 4wlllw4gmpJm0ub(l~ ll~2n
dwllw£iw4w41:illl~ hwllbl1wlllnt~Jwllp 4wlllwpl{w6, 4wlllW(ll{nq 4w11 gnl{: UJUUjl:iu' ll~l.&GmJO qn(l6nll.nLPJnLUO IJlW(lpb(l f\Jnunll.UI:i(l~ 4nrtll~g
4WlllW(ll:iL~ qn(l6nqm~Jm£i b(i QnLJQ lllWL~U, n(ln£i,E W(llllWhWjllll{mll 4W(lnl1. t £ib(l4WJWQl{bL lllW(lpl:i(l 4b(llq, lllW(lpb(l l{bpwpb(lllnLU.,9nl{ nL
bO flb(lpWJ~ l.& odw0flw4 pwJ~ pwfl.Wfl(lnL~Jwllp, ~O!Ujbu' 4f1nJ.tl btl, h0tl:inw£iqnl{, (lli!UII:iu' «l.JUJ qqw»: «Qmgb Ow qqw»; «U/1 pb Ow
/tW{1f}nitl btJ, QflnLtlf/1, /tW{11JnLtl f/1, Qf1bfnL btl, /tW{1f}W[nt btl l& qnLlll qq,w»: trUO;nt;l/1 Ow qqw» l.& wnO:
pwJw4wQ l{b(l2Wl{n(lnL~Jwllp, ~O!Ujbu' /tWfllJWg/1, Q{1bg/1. /tWf11JWtl, UJu lll.&nl{ lllW(lpb(l bqw0w4wl{nnnrt pwnb(l~ 11~2ngnl{ qn(l6nrtmp-
q{1!Jtll.& WJtO: ~ulll WJilll' PWJ~ ,Eb(lw4w0w4w0 dwllw0w40b('ID t~Omll JWU[! 4w(lbL~ t hwrtn(llll:iL lllW(lpb(l b(lwGqOb(l, pWJQ U(lWO~ PWJ~ b-
b(l pWflW'lllJWL 4wll l{b(ltm6w4w0 l.& UjW(lq 4wll hwllwqnw4w£i: Pw- qwuw4~ .EI:illw4w0w4w(j ~w(lq tbG 4w(lnl1. Ol.&wl{n(lbL:
flWil(lJWL dwllwGw40l:i(l[! 4wqlll{nul bQ n(ll.&t flb(lpwJnl{ l.& odw£illw4 dwllw£iw4w4~9 hwJbnbOmll lllW(lpbnw4l{mll t pwJ~ h~uq bll.w-
pwJ~ Ob(l4w l.& wOgJWL dwllw0w40b(lnl{, ~u4 lljW(lq dwllw0w401:i(l[!. £iw4' uwhllw£iw4w0, oq0w4w£i, UIWJilwOw4wG, hw(l4WilllW4w0 l.&
pwJw4wO l{b('IQwl{n(lnL~Jwllp: hpwllWJW4w0:
PwJ~ pWfl.WilJIJWL ctwllw0w40b(l[! uwhllwOw4wQ brtw0w4~ Ob(l-
4w. WliQJWL LU04WtniU(l. WUlWIJ(j~, w(jgJWL I,UUjWilU~, ll!UflW~ILilllW(l, UU':!lJUuU~Uu b'lUuU~
WliQJWL l{wqw4WlllW(l l.& b(l4(ln(lflW4wQ J!Wfl.Wil('IJWL ([/IUb[ pwjnl{
4wqlll{w6) pntn(l dwllw0w4lib(lli bQ, ~u4 lllW('IC[ bO uwhllwQw4w(j b- Uwhllw0w4w0 bqw£iw4o QnLJQ t lllWL~u ulllmJq 4wlllw(ll{nl1., 4w-
qw0w4~ wOQJWL 4WlllW(lJWL, [!q0w4wQ, lllWJilw0w4w0, hw(l4Wfl('IW· lllwnl{w6 l! 4WlllW(lbL~ qn(l6nrtnL~JnL0 4wll bll.bLnL~JmO: Uwhllw0w4w0
290 brtw£iw4£! Owl.& ~nw4w0m~JWU brtw0w4 t. ~w£i~ n(l WJU brtw0w4~ pw-
291
jwat.bpm[ wnwpliwJw!~w(i wztuwphjl l:i'ltiLnLPJnL£iCibp[! Ghp4WJWQ4.nul b£i
puw4w0 4.116w4m/, u.mwOg wfi~GwljwG wJu ljwtl WJG 4.bpwpbptlmQej1: ·• jtJnubtm l/1, f/1(1, /f1, /;lilfllJ.WfnL f/1, f/1{1, /f1, junubfnt lftOp, fftp, l/10,
Uwh!lwOwljwG bfJ.wliw4G mu~ JO~ dwtlwGw4' Qbp4w, wQI.jwmwn /tUif11JWlnl lftOp, l/lp, f/10:
WOQJU.It, UJI.i.jwnfi~, w£igJWt~ W~WllU~, tiWI'J.WlfWlllWJ1, w0gJWlP 4.wrtw-
~Wl1H..Ufl u wQgJWl l.jwL"lWPJWL: UJu chl.lllwuw40bpjlg wnwQ~(i 4.tgo pw- 1/UJf/UJf/UJUIWfl dwtlwliwf/f! gnLJg t lliWL~U Qbn4w d'wtlwOw-
'l.W!lllJWL, jlu4 l{IJP211Grf wOgJWl l.jwlllwnJwm, UIW!lq dwtlwuwlj t: ~w~bliljl hwllbllwlllmflJWllp l.jwmwp4.w0, w4.wpm~w6 qnpanqmpJm(i u
n11nz tbq4.u.JpwGObp uwhuwGt.J.JI.jwu bqwuwlj~ tunuwphllwO hwpw- ~wqll~mll t 4.WflWI.jWll1Wfl flbflpWJn4. U OdwUflWI.j pWJ~ Qbpljwj~ aubpn4.,
gm]gmll 02mll bu uwu htupwljtumwp u wGgJWLP hwpw4wmwp (hftw· ~fi!~bu' junubf btl, bu, /, itWfll}lilgbf btl, bu, /, /unUbf bOp, bp, bOL. WJL!i:
gwc'J btl, l;wiJqOwo till. hftwgwo tfl, LtwfiqOwrJ l/1) dwt1LuGw41ibp[!:
ul:ipl.jw dwuwGtulm gnLJg t lllWLPU tunubtm 1.1.!Whj10 ljwmwp4.nq UOg)UJf 1/UJf/UJf/UJUIUJflf! QnLJQ t lllWL~U ll~ wOgJWL dwtlwQw-
qnp6n'l,mpjmG i.t l.jwqlltJnul t w!iljwmwp !lbppw]nq L. odwliflW4 f!WJP ~w~blii~ hwllbtlWlilnLpjWllp l.jWlliWfi4.WO, W~Wfllli4.WO q.npOnqmp-
ubp4wJj1 OL.bpn4.. jlutLqbu' junumtl litl, fununttl bu, fununul /, /;Wfll}nLtl JnLfi, ~Ci!ll.fbu' funubf f/1, l/1{1. l{1, /;Wf1lJ.WUbf l/1, l/1{1, /f1, funubf l/10p,
btl, /;W{Il}nttl bu, /;w{lf)nlll f. junumtl blip, ltwfll}nttl bOR u wJLO: fft.R, f/1/i, /;lilf1f1lilgbf lftOp, f/12, f/10: '-lwqwljWliiWfl, wQg]WL~ 4.wqw-
'Lbpljw dwliwuw4jl pwJwllubnml bO wpmwht'.IJLn4.nul uwMw- ~Wl11Wfl ctwllwOwl.jQlipQ wnmwhwJmmll b(i liwl.a wJ(il4~U~ qnpanqmp-
Gmtlubp£!, punrm2nulGI::ip[!. jlpplt l.jwpq., ljwGnO, un4.npnLJp ljplj04.n'l. JRLli, np tununi'J.U W4WCiWL1lbU !11 bqbt, WJL ll.fWUltlmll t nLfl~2libp~g
qnp6n'l.nLf>Jntlilibf1[!. bppbt10 !iwu· wCrgJWtnul l.jwlllwfl4.w6' q.npOn- tubtn~ 4wll q.np0nqmpJw£i hbliluwue~g !lWL1lbLn4.:
fl.OLflJOLOQ. np[! 4nt4.mtl t lljWlllllw4wO Obpljw, jlOjl.~tu· Ubuf1t1UI!J ftp-
OnuJ f UI]I/Wfip t{lbliftwJ/1 lfnl/7, nLfl WlWitbf1li7Ubf1 biJ hWt/WRnLtl L UOgjUJ[ f/UJUIUJfi)Ull dwllwQwl.j[! QnLJQ t liiWL~U tl~ WUQJWL dw-
OflwO hwOdOnuJ: tlwliwl.jwl.jbmmll w(ill~2W4w0npbQ, wnwQg mL.wljwQmpJwli l.jwUlwp-
~wo, w4.wflm4.w6 q.np6ni'J.mpJmli u l.jwqll~nLll t 4wmwf1JWLI1 hlltlJ:!li-
UugjUJf wuljWUIUJfl dwtlwliw4o gnljg t lliWL~U WCiYJWL dwllw-
pn~ l.a hwllWll.fWlilwutuwQ 4.bfi2W4.nf1nLpJm(ifibpn~. ~(j!Lqbu' Qflbg/1,
Ow4wl.jbl1ljl hwtlbtlWUlOLfljWtlp ljwmwpttn'l. uljuwO' m zwpm(iw44.nrt
f/Wf1f1wgft, pnw, q.ll7w, PWfld{lwgw, ilnll7bgw, pwf1d{1wg{1/1,
q.np0n'lnLfljnL0 u ljwqtlqnu.l t w0ljwl11W(1 flbppwJn4. u OdWUflWlj pWJ~
hUJUQU117UJg{1/1u WJL [i:
wligJWLP ilubf1n4.. llCilLqbu· /lJnumtl f/1. fununul f/1{1, /ununttl l{l, /;w{1-
dwtlwOwl.jwl.j~g hwJbpbQmll 4WUlWfiJWLI1 h~ll.(!bf1[! t~Omtl b(i gn-
l'Jfllll l/1. /;lil{lf'Jnttl l/1{1. /;Wfll}mtl /f1:
JWI.jw(j (q{lbg, tfwqbg), pbw4w0 (pw{ld{1Wg{1, hliiUQUII7Wg{1) u ll.fWpq
Ull/WI11i/l dwL1wliw/j[! gnl]g t l11WLt1U lljl Qbf14W dwllwGw4w4t- ~Wil WflllWlliWI.jWli {Ql/7, pn, t/IW/u u WJLQ): .
l11~ hwllbllwlilntflJWllp ljwrnwrbt~ qnnon'lOLflJnL[I, ljurqll4.mll t w- I:!UUl Oz4.w6 h~llebn~· wligJWL 4WU1WJ1JWL(! l.jwqll~mtl t hbliluJWL
ll.fwn0jll'lbf1pWJml u odwQi)wl.j pwJjl utipl.jWJP OL.bf1n4., jlU!ll.fliu· /unub- h~ll.(!bfln4..
[nt btl, bu, l, /;W{lf/lilfnL btl, bu, l, /unUbfnL bfi,R, b,R, bOL. WJLU: w. U u b tunliwphllwCi ll.fWpq pwJbfiQ 4wqll~mtl b!i gnJwl.jwQ h~ll
UL4wn!ijl ctwllwQwljn4. Wfll11WhWJlll4.wO qnp6nqmpJnLU[! ljwmwp- gn~· Qflbg/1, q{1bgftf1, q{1bg, Ltwfll}Wgft, /;UJfll}UJg/1{1, /;lilf1l}lilg, Qf1b-
~btnt t tunubtm Ujwhpg wGlli12U.Jll.fbu hbmn l.jwll 2Wl11 bpljwp dwllw- gf10p, /;Wf1f1WU/1R: Snjwl.jw(i hllllJ:!n~ bG l.jwlilwp~mll Owu wO, b(i unu-
[Jwi.J hbliln, jlU!,ll.fbu· tu ftul{mJ{i QUUJfnt bu. wz/uwll7wfip/1 u UJu 21Iupp 4wO'w!ig mCibgnq pwJbfiQ' hbnwgw, ilnll7bgw, qwf1tlwgw l.a wnO:
l;wnmgl/lifnL LA wifwf1llll/btnt /117Wf1/10bfl hb117n: p. b tunfiwphllwfi unu4w6w(igw~nf1 pwJbfiQ l.jwqll~mtl b!i ll.fWpq
4wrl wpliwlllw4wQ h~llen4.' pnw, pnwf1, pnwt/, Qli7W, Qli7Wf1, qll7wt/,
Ulig}IJJl/1 WfJIIJJnli/1 ctwllwliw4n gnLJg t lliWLPU tl~ wligJWL dwllw- I/IUJ/uw, ¢wfuwf1, t/twfuwlf:
Owljwl.jbmjl hwllbllwlilmpJwllp ljwlilwpbtll q.npO'ni'J.nLflJOL(i u ljwqll~nul q.. "lwllllSwowl.jwli pwJbfl~ l.jwmWf1JWL(! ljwqll~mll t pbwt,wu
t wlljwnCijl !lOf1PWJn4. L. octwuflw4 PWJP urGQJWLP Ot...bpn4.. llO!ll.fbu· hMRn~· qwqbgflft, pwf1df1WUf1/1, htnwgf1ft:
293
C!'1:iU4UL b'1UuU4 ruw 11wumpJmG[! ~wJilwu~ 1.4Wpw~w t, fiU£UJi:n.i· Ub/Jp l.;q.w/Jp qpn-
uwOp/1, bpli w/JrJpulJ fJWfJWf7/1: l.Jw q2W{Im0wqbp /1!7 2f1PWQWJnLPJnL-
C11.iiw~w(i bflw0w4fl pwjwdl.!bp[! gnLJg bG L."lWtflu qnp6nflmpjwG 01J, /;pb h0wpwifr;pmpjm001i{1[J fJnLJL tnwjft/J: UGwgw6 pnlnl'l ~ppw
~WUlWflUWU tJfld, gwu~mpjmG, t,hwlflwq i.L ~wqllL!mll bli wG~WlllWJ1p omPJnLOGbpnul q(fJ) bflwGw~tJ!n4. ~wq1h{w6 pwjw3L.bp[! hju1uw4w-
htJilsmL! Lo. hwllwUjwLnwufuwG tlbf12WL!npmpJm00bpnl{: 'lpwG.P bG' IJ- (inLil hwull1wll1nrtw~wG pllwuU1 bG wpll1whWJU1nLil, tJG!U4bu' tu
qw~p 4. u, /1 (qp!u!, qpbu, qp/1) 1.! hnqGw4tJ' fJJJ, J?, {j (qpliOJ?, qpliJ?, f/QOUJtl, lflipmdwOft ntnJ?Of11J q[JfiqfibtJ, qw!J.Wfbd, np Ow hbtn qw/Jquft.
qpbO) L. WJLG: /1!1 tltnWIJ{1fllfJjflL Oftg:
uzL!w6 Ll.bflpwtlnpm~jntGGbpO I}UiJl i.i.WW2PG lt bpl.jflnfl'l [unOwp- IJ')wjllwOw~wG brtwGw~G mGtJ bpiJ,m rtwdwuw~· w..qumG~ !.,.
hmllGbpjl' b lr. w L6nprJ. owjOwLtnpObpjl hbU1, tJG!~bu bpL.mll t pbpL!w6 w0QJWLtJ WLqWilO~:
oppOw~Gbppg, hwllwLi.fwllluJUtuwOwpwf! 'lPLtnul bO wG4wll1wptJ hpu- Ut.qwoO~ dwllwOw~D gmjg t U1Wltlu tunubLnL ~whtJg hbll1n 4w-
J?Il Ltpw, llpwjO t [unOwphllwG flb~pmll bqw~jl bppnpfl flbllpp b OWJ- UlUJPbLP qnp6nflmpjmG L. ~wqul{nul t ortow~wG bflwGw~jl WU4Wil·
OwL!npiJ LjlntuLtmll t ft-jl: lippg' ~([!) bflwGw~ll!nLt. qqpbtl, qqwp!Jwtl:
UOgJWL~ w~.qwnO~O gmjg t UlWLilu lljl wOgJWL ctwllw0w~w~bU1jl
UligjW[/1 UJUfWDfi/lli gnLJg t ll1WLilu !PJ1W~w0wgw6 qnp6nrtmp- (j~w111llwllp ~wUlwpbLtl qnp6nflnLPJnLG L.l.jwqllL!mll t [!flllw~w(i bflw-
JW0 tlrtii. gwG~mpjntG lljl wOgJWL dwtlwOw~mll: 4wqllL!mll t wO~w liw~jl wOgJWLil w~wnOppg' q[J bflwGw~tJ!nL!' qqpbft, qqwpfJWJ/1:
UlWJ1p PWJWhpllpnLt lA hwllw~wll1wutuwli l{bf12WL!npmpJm00bpnL!:
'lpwOp b(i' bqwl.jp pL!mll' ft, ftf7, {1, qpbft, qpbftp, qpbp, qwpfJWJ/1, ~UPLtU~rU~Uu b'lULULt
qW{1fJWJflf7, qw{11JUI{1, 1.! hnq(iw~jlmll' /IUJ?, ftJ?,. /10 (qplift0J?, qpliftJ?,
qpbj10, qW{1fJUijflUJ?, qUJ{1fJWJftP, qW{11JUijflU): ~Wfl~Wfll'lW~w(i b'l.W0W~I] QnLJQ t U1WljlU UJ0hpwdbzU1WIJWJ1 ljwtl
~pb(ig WJ1U1WhWJU1W6 jlllwuLnGbpjl(i hwllw~WU1Wutuw0' IJrtOW- hwp~Wflf1WPWJ1 ~WU1WJ1bLtJ qnp6nflmf}jnLG L. l.jwqlll{nLil t l]fl<\W~w(i b-
~WUp w~wnG~ L. wOgJWLP w~wnOp dwllwOw~wl!L.bpiJ LWJ0npb0 ~tJ rtWOwljp pwjwl!L.bppg' IJI/Ill1/1 ~wll IJIOU1J? t brtwGw~tJ!nL!, tJO!~bu' qpbtl
pwnLtmll bO pwpfl uU1npwf1wuw~wO OwtuWflWUnLpJmOGbpp Lnwppbp - U//ltn/1 (IJIOU1J? f) qpbtl, qUJ{1fJWtl- U//ltn/1 (IJIOU1JJ f) qW{11JWtl:
~wnmJgfibpmll, llO!~bu Owl!' np~bu hnpflnp, ~wLnL!bp, hpwllwO, w-
iwp/jUJfJf1UJ/jUJfi bflwliw/j/1 WIJ/UJOfi/1 dwllwOw~o gmJg t
Gb6p. ophOwOg L. wnu. jlO!~bu' Nid tltnwhwO twfibu, huiJ .. Jonrz UlWLtJu Obp~WJP hwllbllWU1nLf}Jwllp tunubLm ~wh~g hbLnn hwp~wr}
2nLf7PIJ t/lm//1 wliw/Jg fnnLpJw{], pn!] ftOd [h/lllifi. pnrz ftlid dnnwfiwfi: pwpwp ~wll w0hpwdbzU1wpwp ~wU1wpbLtJ qnp6n'l.nLPJnLG, tJO!~bu·
Ufi/ld"t//1 WJO Of71J, bpp Ow PnLJL tnt/bg /1!1 Utlpwt11/10 qOwf Oli1Wf7 bpqftp: 11//ltn/1 qW{1fJWtl, U/flU1fl qpbtJ:
iwp/jUJfJf1UJ/jUJfi DflUIUUJ/j/1 UJUjUJllti/lfi gnLJg t LnWLPU lljl
"lU3LfUuU4Uu 4UU buraU~PULtUu b'lUuULt
wOgJWL dwllw0w~w~bU1p hwllbllwLnmpJWllp tunubtm ~whjlg wnw2
hwp~WflpWpwp ~WU1Wf1bLtJ qnp6nqmpjm0, tJG!~bu, U/flU1fl q0Uijfl, UI/1-
IJ')wjdwuw~wO 4wd bOpwqpw~wO brtwOw~o gmJg t LnWLPU
U1fl qW{1fJWJ/1 1.1 WJL0:
npiJ.t ~WJllwGnL! ~wll bupwflpwpwp ~WU1WJ1L!nrt qnp6nrtnLPJmG L.
~wqllL!mtl t [!fl~W~WU !:irtwuw~jl pWjWllL.bpp L. q([J) bflWOW~P!P lltJ2n- ~PUUU3U4Uu b'lULU~
gnL!. tJO!~bu' qpbtl - qqpbtl, qW{1fJUJtl - qqW{11JUitl, qpbft - qqpbft,
qW{1fJWjfl- qqW{1fJI.JJjfl.' ~I'ILU~..unu~!.YQ bruufiwilo QmJg t l.llWLtJu hmu~tU~. pbtw'lr~Op.
4([J) bflwGwl.jtJ!nLt ljwqllL!n11. pwjw6L.bfl[} ~WJllwGw~wGp pllwuLn ~n!, ~wll1L!bp L. mOll bp~pnpfl flbllp, bqw~p L. hnqGLUI.j~ pL!bp:
bO Wf1U1WhWJU1nLll hw1n~wL4bu pwpfl UU1npwflwuw~w0 Owtuwflw- tqw~p ptJL!t:! ~wqllL!mll t -/7{7, -w L. m. L!bf12WLtnpmpJm0GbpnL!'
umpjmGObptJ WJUL411ujl 4wnnLJgObpmtl, npU1bfl bp~flnl'l'lW~w(j Ow- Qf7/1 {1, qwpfJW; tlnt111igpm :·
295
294
~nquw4~ p~~l! 4wqll~nul t -be ~bf12W~npmpJm0n~. np pntnn Uu4Ul.Jn1J PU3tP
f'ullpbn~ pwJbp~ 11b~enill 11r-~mllt 4wtnwPJWL~ h~ll,p~ ~pw, ~Ol~bu'
Q{7bgb/J, li7wjubp, qt11bp, /jWf7f}Wgbp, f!U1{7df7WUf7bp, QWf711Uig{1bp, Uu4wfmu bO hwllwp~nul WJU pwJbp[!, npn09 tunOwnhllwO c:tw-
llnll7bgf7b2 L. wnu: &JUJ0w4 QU'lhwump 4wOnOw4wO Ol'l~UWlWlflmpJmOubp~g 21:i11.~nul b(J
b tunuwphllwfi ~wpq pwJbp~ hnquw4~ hpwllwJw4wO[I dn- t& wn ~ubp~ hwllbllwmmpJwllp !bO 4wqll~mll:
rtn~ntlwtunuw4gw4w0 t.bq~mll 4wqll~mll t Owu w04wtnwp~ h~ll,p~g· Cum 4wqllmpjw0' w04w0n0 pwjbp(l l~(jnul b(j UjWpq u wawu-
qf7biJ, ft;nube, uftf7b2 L. wnu: gw~np: t f'unOwphllwO ~~'lpq w04w0n0 pwjbpQ b[f UIUb[r pbflh[.
qUJflf/b[, nt Ulb[:
bP'-!PnP'lU'-IUl.: PU'lU'l!'SUL dUUUuU4l.:tr :Jubt PWJ~ w04wOnumi"'JnLUU WfllilWhWJlllr.l.mll t upwun~. np UW·
U1WflJWI..~ h~ll,P[! 4wqll~nlll t UIQ plUI'I.Will"~.[n~· UIUUig/1, UIUUigjl{l, UJ-
tp~J1npqw~wfi J!Wil.WflflJWL dwllw£iw~fibp[! 4wqll~mll bO hw- UUIQ, pbf7b[ pWJ~ 4Wiw.U£1JW[.[l' pbf7. pllf7/7, p!Jf7ftf7, ptJ{1bg, qU1{1{fli[ pw-
llw4Wll1Wfl (-/7u-n~ w04w1.11wp), hwpw4w1.11wp, w~wn[i~ l'].bppwJGb- ~~ 4Wll1WfiJWl~ hpliQ[! ~wpq wpllwrnw4wu t' QU1f7/j/7. QUif7/j/7f1. qut,?-
11"~ u t/70b[ OdWUilW4 pwjn~ u gnljg bu ll1WL~U WJfiUt~U~ qnnonrtnLP- flbg, ~u4 ntUibJ PLUJQ tunuwph~bt.~u lflntumll t wpllwrno. tlWnOnul
jnLO, np hwnwpbnw4wfinnbu t 4w~~nul Q.ttuw~nn dwllwuw4ubn~ flbf7' f/bf7W, /j!Jf7Uif7, {jbf7UIIj:
hbm: b tunuwphllwu u w6wug mubgni'J. w04wunu pwJbrG tO wlibf,
~wllw4wll1Wf' l'].bppwjn~ (-/lu ~bfi2W~npmpjwllp) u t/IObt odwQ- !JOb[, tnUIObf u litObt, wnO!Jf, tnbuO!Jf, pn!]Obf, [/10bt:
IlW4 pwJn~ 4wqll~wa dwllwuw40bp[! wplllwhwJmmll bu h~llfiw4wO UOb[, fJU/iJ, IJIUJiilit pwJbp~ WUQJWl 4wl11Wf1JWL~ h~ll.Pl! 4wqll-
dwllw0w40bp~fi hwpwpbpw4g~nrt 4wll1WI"~wo, 4w1.11wp~nq, 4Wll1W-
atmll t 0/p hbppwqwjmpjwllp' wli!JL - Wf7/1, fJliliL - f!fl/1, tnwli!JL - ww-
pbt.~ qnp6nr,mpjmfi0bfl, ~U!Lllbu' VUJ ll/1 Ofl obomlll nbd/1un{7/10, n{7 fiUI, ~u4 pnfJ.Obt, litObt, wnOb[, UlbuObL pwjbfl~ 4Wl11Wf1JWL~ hhll.Pif
~wpq wpllwl11w4w0' pn!]libt ·- pn!]/7, liLiilit - b[UI, Ulnlibt - UlflUI, 1./Jbu-
fJUJf/.flbt/IU t t/10nu1 Uf7UI l/lliUifJ lin{7 /jbfJ.OUiilD: lfb/j UIUQUiil. bf7p hU1{1U-
Iibf7[} (fm/bf7o f/Jibt/lu t/10 t/10nu1, liw UlligOnu1lf71lJmu /jn!]ll[J: U}fJ Of7[} li!Jt - tnliUUI, [flUb[ pwj~ 4Wli1WfiJWl~ h~ll,p[! 4wqllqnLll t lit] wpliw-
liUI OUJ/UUJqUJhbtftu t biJ.bt /1f7blig dnt]nt/mll: lllnf t/IObt - bt]UI, lif]Wf7, bf]UII/:
bp4pnptlw4wfi pwqwi}I"JWL dwllw0w4ubn~ 4wqtlmpJwO dwllw- U tunuw(lhllwu ~wpq w04wunu pwJbpu bu' tnwJ, QUIJ, fUlL.' UJu
PWJbp~ w04wOnumpJnLU[! l'].(lUunfl~nLll t Owf'u unwunq, nj'l w04uimwr
Ow4 wnw~bl ll1W!1W6~wo t hwpw4w1.11wp l'].bppwJO, npQ 1/llibt PWJ~
hbm qnn6 t w6~mll u' tlbppwJw4wO, 1..,: lflntuwu~w0w4w0 ~ubpn~. 'lbppwJ(l 4wqt1mll bu "! pb un~nl'lw4wu -milllwu0~4n4.. wJ!' -/li.h":i/
~Gll.llbu' U;fJ Wf]P/7110 UfUW(jtjwfJ lt/10mll umObOmll lllli/j bf7li/UUI: ~Gt~bu' tnUIJ/IU, QUIJ/IU. JUIJftu: b~ WIJ.Iw· QUIJ PWJP 4wl11WI1JWL~ hp:.l·
~[! 4wqtl~mtl t WJL Wj1llWll1~g· !J/j, ~U!Ujbu' b/jUI, fJ{jU1f1, b/jUII/, UIWL
LuwfJ t/10/itnt/ UJ}fJ t1wuj10' liUI UIJ[lt.u t/7lU1f7nlliU1/jntt1 /1!7 q{7m;go:
PWJ~ 4wll1WfiJWL~ h~llQ[! 4wqll~mll t qmqwOumpJwllp' 1.111/ u u:r;'fJg ·
U~wn(i~ l'].bi"PWJ[! hwllbllwtnwpwp e~! t llwu0w4gmll bp4pnn-
llW4wfi PWI'I.WilfiJWL dwllw0w4fibp~ 4wqllmpjwfi[!, ~Oll.lll:iU' lfbOJ!, nf7 1111//1. Ull//1{7. tnl//10, ll71/bg, tnljbgjl, tnljbgj10p, tnl/ligfttJ, [Ul[ PWJ~ 4Lll-
lliWpJWL~ h~llE[! 4wqll~mll t [Uig wpllwlllntf [Uig/1, [Wg/1{7, [Uigli;.
11/lbtm t/IDblip, J!n d/IUII/ UIJOD tbli.J! il!i/1: I:Jpli .uaq UfUJUiilbtm t/IOb/1,
Uw4wJ(j WJU Oubp[! hwllWf1JW wuqnp6w6w4wu b(j u ijlnf\JW(l~U~nui
WJfJ. t1wuj11i tl/1 h/llUitnUif//7:
bli JUJU t/IObt hW!1Wil~P pwjn~· fUig bf]UI, [Uig OflUif1. fUig li!]UII/:
U tun(jwnhllwu unu4w6wugw~np w04wunu pwJtipu t:iu' fJUIO!iUif,
LI/UJiiUif, /j!JOUif." 'J.wDUUI[ PWJ~ LjwlllwnJWL~ h~llpu t fJUif7d. fiUI{IdW.
fJUJ{7dWf1, f]Uif7dUII/, /j/iUUI[ ~WJ~ 4wliiUJf1JWl~ h[11lpQ' /;Wg, pfl~Ujt.il!·
t/bf7 ljbliUif, l/llf7 /jUigUI, l/llf7 /jUigUif7, l/llf7 /jLUgUilj, JtiUIUUI[ PWJP wug-
296 29"'
· 11! 4Wiln'l t lli1LlbL L' tl.Jnliw('1hl[n'l. pwj~, L' hWI'lWilll~ L[pw, ~Ui_l4i:iiJ'
iU:i 4~JillWflJWLI} ljwqllL!nul t Ltfwg gnJW4WG h~llpml., ~G!1..4bu' Ltfwgjr, !Jf1Lf1U Ujjllfl/1 qwil, U//11.11/1 f)nL{lU qwiJ, Qfl/:if Ujj1LI7j1 lf/Wil, ll./fttn/7 (Jj1bf
u
t LfLL'g/1{1, Lt/wg WJL 0: 111UJU. ~u4 tllwuG~4l! llllLI.mll t pwJw4wli llwu~ L[pw, ~0!1..4bu' /1.fi!flu
. UuljwfmG pwJbp~ hwllw4wnq.nul lllwppbpw4L[mll bO OwL L4W- qOwg- fJnLflU !QOwg, Qflbf mwll • Qf111L /lfiWtl, tunuw11hLI.nrt pw)l1 4Jllll t
l!Wuw!.lnp lA hwl[bLwl[np pwJbp[!: lll'lllmll OwL. WI1QbLw4wG hllwllwJw4wO~ tl/1' llwuG~4tf fJnLflU qOw -
"ilw~wuwl[n11 bG hwllw11L[nul WJu pw)hllt!. n11nOp tunOlUilhllwO
f}lllf1U 11/1 qOw, Qfl/:if tntfl:ip - Qfl/:if 11/lmt/l:ip:
pnLnJl 6L.bpo 1mObO: UJUL4bu' l:id, l;wll, qjun/:iil, mOI:id, Wf1dl:id pwJbllG
mGbfi li~WJU Gb114w L. wOQJWL dwllwGw4Gbll. tlU4 WL4UJDU~ dwllw-
Gwlj !ndibO, ~0!1..4bu' /:ill, /:iu, !, f/1. f/1(1, 1(1, qjunbll, qfimbu, qfttn/1, qft- PUS I" cttusu~.cut. tunt.ur=mwl:!
mb/1, qj;mb/1(1, Q/llfllifl, l;wtl, l;wu, l;w, qwJf., qwJftfl, qwf1, mObil, m-
Otu, m0/1, m0bj1, nJ.IJbfrfl, mlibfl, Wfldbll, Wfldbu, Wfldft, Wfldl:ifr, Wf1- dfu11lw4wCt tunOw11hllwli flbl4pnul dfuml[nul, pwgwul[nul t qpw-
dl:i/1J7, Wf1dl:if1: 'llw4wuwl[np pwJbll~ 2WI1J2~0 bO flWUL[nul OwL gwO- ~w(j tun£iw11Mwllp WlllllWhWJifll[wo q.np6nrtnLPJnLUI}: ctwllwCiw4wljpg
{fwf, hmuwf, Lt/WL pwJbllo. nrmup mlibO ll~wJO ortOw4wO L. hllwllwJW· hwJb('1b0nul dturnw4w0 tunuw('1hnLil[! 4wqlll[nul t flf1W4w0~ OL.bppg l
4wG tH1W~w4Gbp~ _PWJWOL.bp' gwOI;wll, hmuwll, ftfwOwll, gwOqw, llwu0~4nl[, ~u4 hllWilWJW4wCr~ flbL4J;!nLil' tJj1'wpqhLw4wO llwufi~4n~.:
gwOftwg/:ip, hnww, hnwwg/:ip, Ltfw; it/wgbp: Uwhllwuwljwu b11.wuw4~ PWI\WilPJWL ctwllwliw40bp~ flbl4Qmd 1
='!wl[bLWL[nll pwjbi"'O ~llWUU1WL4bU Wll0!W4~g L. UnLJU WllllWlll~g dfuU1w4wli llwuli~4l! lll14.mll t octwliflw4 pwJ~ L1.11w, npo hwGI)bu t
4wqlll[w6 pwJbpO bO, npnup hw~wtu q.n116 bu wOL[mll ~PilL. hmlwu~ 2 - QWL~U OwtuwllWU, llbi1PWJ0b('1~9 wnw2, ~O!Ujbu· tbtl q{lmil, fbu
!HJ11, ~li!1..4bu' w{ldl:if - w{ldl:iOwf, ftfwf - ftfwOwf, mq/:if - mq/:iOwf, QflnLil, 1/1 q{lmil, 1/:iOp qrmtl, 1/:iP Qf1nLI1, 1/:iO q(lmll:
gwliqwf- gwOI;wOwf L. wau: Uwhllwliw4wu~ L4WJ1Q wligJWL 4wrnwpJWL~ llblllpmll ! llwufi~4o
llPLI.nLll t flPW4w0 pwjwOL.hll~ L[('1W, ~O!Ujbu' IQ(lbg/1, !Qflbg/1{1, 1Q[Ibg,
=!Uf'U'lf'UlcUu PU3bfll" tunuUI'=intUC!
IQfll:igftOp, 1Qfll:igftp, 1Qfll:igj10:
=twn4Wili1W4w0 b11.w0w4~ dturnw4wOo L.u ljwqlll[mll t lli1W4wli
=JWf1WilJ1WljW(i ljwll hwpWfl(lW~np (hW(lWfl~ll m£ibgn11) pWjb(l[J Oi.lbn~g· 1 llwuli~4nl[, npo llPLlmll t U//llfl/1 b11.w0w4~!~ L1.11w uljqf:!pg.
4wqlll[mll tli npL.t hwpwfl~pnl[ m pwJw4wO PW'1WilJl~!n4. t.,. hwliflbU ~li!1..4bu' 1U//1UI/1 Qfll:ill, 1U//1Ifl/1 Qfll:ift, 1lllftm/1 Q(lbfip, 1UI/1U7/I QfltJft!iE L.
l:;{i q.WL~U ~pf1L. pWilWJ~U ~0pUnL(lnL)0 ll~wl[npGb('1: ~WJ1WflJ1W4Wu pw-
wnO:
jb('1~ ljwqllm~JWU[] unl[n('1wpwp llwuOwljgnLil bu npL.t tunup~ llwu 'llwJilwuwljwO ljwll bO~wflflW4wO brtw0w4~ dtuUlwl.jwG[!
(qnJw4wli, llwljpWJ L. WJLii) L. pwf (0/:iflu qwf, 11/Tmp wO/:if, dl:in wnO/:if ljwqlll[mll t dfurnw4wG flb('1pWjnl[ L. odWU'lW4 pwjtJ dfurnw4wu Ouh·
~ WJLO), ~fiilllbu GwL.' llllU[ pwm n11L.t wOn11n2 flbppwJ~ hbrn, np(! h~ll pnl[, npnGg fll'l'fmll bli llbi'IPWJ~Q wow11. ~O!L4bu' f/:itl Qfl/1, jbll CJflft, 1/1
llw4wfinul UjWlll~WilW4WU~ ~llWUlll t W(llfiWhWJUlnLil' Qfl/:if U7Wf, qw- Qfl/1, lf/1 Qfl/1, ll/1{1 Qfl/1, 1lf1 Qf1f7,1b0p Q(l/1, il/10p Qfl/1 u WJLO:
flnL{f/if LllUJf, junUI:if lfiUJf u WJLU: ~pwllwJwljwG~ dfumwljwuo. np[! wpq.btw4wG h('1wllwJwllwGG t.
~WI1Wili1W4w0 pwJbll~ tunGw11hllwO ctwllwGw4 L[bptm6wljw0 4wqlll[nul t dflllwuG~ljnl[, ~li!Ujbu' 11ft' Qfll:ip, tl/1. /;WflfJWgl:ip:
dL.bpm~ odwu11w4 PWJU [!U40nLil t hwpwflp~ L. pwjwljwG llwu~ ll~I1L.
~U11..4bU fJnL{I f QUJfjTU, fJnt{l f /:iq/:if, flnLfllft l:iq/:if, Q{l/:if t lfiUJfjTU, Q{l/:if t
mtflif, Qfll:iL 1/llflt/l:ii u w)lO: 'llwpq dwllw0wlj£ib('1mll WJU pwJbpo tun-
~w('1hl[nLil bG unl[npwljwu pwJbfl~ Ollwu, ~O!Ujbu' fJnLfl /:il;wt/, 1Jnlf1 1b-
qwtf, qpb[ mt//1. Qflbf mt/l:ig, Qfll:if mt//1{1. Qfll:if mw L wnO:
'Ylw)llwGwljwO b11.w0w4~ /;(IJ) llwu0~41:! 11114.ntll t tunliwllhLln'l.
PWJI.UOu~ t.J.11w' fJnL(lU f;qwtl, Q(lbf qmwllL. WJLO, ~ulj lq~lll~ bll.w0w4~
~98
PUat"l tvnuUI'l=tlJU'L =tUUU'lPU~U'L U'l30WU~
1. UU=tl/UuU~Uu b'lUuU~
--·
1'1nw~wu tunuwphmu !<tfulllw~wu funuwrhnul
b !unuwphnul U funliwphnul t; funliwphnul U funuwphnul
I
i
ra~~~ 'll:illp
i
UligJWL~ wu~wLnwfl
rill ····
Ill ljwuqubLnL t llUWLnL t fl 4wCiqubLm !~ ilUWLnL II l!!UQGtit t~p 11GwgbL th£ JtllP ~U!GqGI:it ttr2 1HiwghL
1nqGw~p
I ljwuqlibtm blip lluwLm l:iup blip 4wUqlil:iLnL !bup llliWLOL ··--- ~~·-•GoGt.l.thfi-~C!t•;g-~j- ~p;
~nquw4f1 II 4wliqlil:iLnL l:ip llliWLnL l:ip !:ie ~wuqul:iLm !l:iQ llOwLnL Ill l. '
_____ l._ -··. .. . .. < •
300
t!'1.:1U4U'L b'lUuU4
-
tunuw[lhnul
t tunGw[lhmll U tunGwphnul It tunGw[lhntll
l
! I
ill tl.Jnuwphmtl
I
~II
ljwuquwo bu llGwgw{) bu ~wuquwo 1tu llfiwgwo ~bu
tqwlj~ ,.... dwtlwliw4
Ill
~wuquw6 t lluwgwo t ~wGquwo ~~ tluwgwo 1t 1l ratnl jtltug UUJwnup
I i~ ~wuquw6 I ljwuq.Gbtl llGwll !4wGqObu ~uGwli
I
I
I ~w(iqliw6 t;(j~ uuwgw6 bue ljwuqliwo !bG~ uliwgwo ~bug t:;qwlt~ II
Iii
ljwuqubu ll_[iwu
LtwGqfill al(lw
!4wGqubu !lluwu
!4wGq.Gp 1uuw I
II ~wuquw6 be u(iwgw6 tp 1~wGquwO tbP l!Owgwo 1bi? ljwGqlibG~ llGwG12 !LtwuqGbG~ !llGwGJ2
=tnq£iw4~ I
LtwGqGb~ lluwg !LtwGqGbe !Lluw~
~w\jp II
Ltwuqfib(i u(iw(i !ltwCiq(ib(i !ll(iw[i
I Ill LtwGqOwO bG llGwgwo bu ljwt:rqGwO !bli llGwgwO !bO Ill
UligJWLP WUJWrlCi~
ta~l{ 'lbllp UfigJWL~ hW[lWljWUlW[l lapij 'lbtlg
303
}02
S.=tr'UUUSU'-!Uu b'lUuU'-1
305
SII!J/1 llwljpwjlihf1D QnLJQ bli IIlWL~U q.nf16nqmpjw0 4wmwf1-
UU4PUa llwu tnb'l.[!: 'lf1wlig~g bfi' fJ.nLflU, 0/iflu, wnwp. f}.lid wn qlitJ, wtlblim-
flh/l. U1UiiU1nLU, UWflU/11/Iifl, 1/bfl, 1/li{I!J, bUI, IJIWU1IilJIWU1 ~ wnfi: Sbq~
Uw~pwJfi ~Pf'l~ tunu!?~ 1huu plimpwq.f1!lnul t li11wfin1!, n11 QnLJg t iJw4PWJUbf1~ qq.WL~ llWU[! WllW!;!WQbL t tnb'l. QnLJQ tn!ln11. Wjfi q.nJW-
IIlWL~U q.nf10nll.nLPJWli hwlll~Wli~z (WflWQ 1/WQii[, fJ.WUf]WIJ jvnulif, 4Wfifibf1~Q. nf"'OU!? 4nf1QI1bL bO ~f'lblig WDWI11iWJW4w0 lizw0w4nLPJnL-
V1/Jf1wpwf1 pnflit) ~ hw1Il4wli~z~ hwlll~wli~z (/wl/lwqwOg qllf]lig/Jf;. [i[! ~ q.ni10WO!lbLnll pWJbf'l~ hbtn' gmJg bli IIlWL~U mb11.~ [!liryhwlim11 ~
PW{InjWIJIIiU WQU/11/, hwqplj [Uii[p);
llwutn: UJil ~u4 ~wtntSwDnilfli1Wlig~g ll~ ywu~u[! 4wf1n'l. tO Ow~ hn-
lJw~pwJ[! !PbR!lnll tunu!?~ llwu. t (llwuliw~~ pwgwnmpJmlilib- LnllllbL (~O!~bu' tllip, l]ntflu, Olif1u, wnwp, Ljli{1!J, Olif1p!J ~ wnO):
11nll) ~ liwtuwrywumpJwli llb~ h~llliw4utllmll hwfiryb.u t q.wLflU ~Wf"'W Sbll.~ llw4pWJlibf1[! 4wqll!lmll bQ liw~ q.nJw4wOObf1~ ~ /1 1/Wfl, /1
q.wJ~ 2Wf1whjmuw4wfi ~Wzlllnlinll (bppbtlQ ilw.pnq t L~libL Ow~ nf'ln· l/lif1 pWilbf1~ lfw~w4gmpjntfi0bl1nil, ~(j!~bu' UWf1U /1 1/lifl, UW{1U /1
2~! ~ hwfirytw. q.wL tltntuwli!lwliw4wli 4~f1WilnLPJmlilibf1n!l): t/Wf1, qliU10 /7 1/lifl, qliU10 /7 I/W{1, dn{10 /7 Ljli{l, dn{10 /1 I/W{1, [WOpO /1
lJw~pwJ tunu!?~ llwu~ llb2 llllllin11.11~ tunulp pwnbf1 hw!lwuw 11 w- tfbf1, [WOp{j /1 1/Wfl ~ WJLO:
~bu 4Wf1nq b(j ~- q.nf100'l.nLPJWU, ~- WllWf'l~WJ~ hwm4wli~z QnLJQ IIlUJL, Sbll.~ llw4pwjlibl1!! fiwtuwqwuntpJwO llb2 hwOqbu bO q.wl~u IIlb-
UW~Wjli lif"'UJliR !b(j Lflnfumll ~f'lblig f'unUR~IlWUWj~(j ~WIIl4wlibLntp
11~ l4WI1Wq.WJ~ zwf1whJmuw4wO ~wztnnOn!l. ~fi!~bu' Ut!bum{lbl! /Jp-
jnlCi[!, ~li~Ufbu ~lirynul bli n11n2 Lbq!lwpwlilibf1, WJL lllimll bli nf1~bu
OnuJ lfl w2mOo fJ.W2V1/1 1/flw: dflwpwO dli1JmOiif10, 11bum11b0 Ljwql/qb-
llwijpWj ~ I]~ llb~!?nlll UIIlWlintll b(j ~Wf1Wq.WJW4Wli, llb4 WJL flbU.j-
[nl/. mwOmd l/10 Olif/VIwfl/1 wOnl2WPnLJf1 h;mpo:
!?OLil n11n2!WJ~(j ~~f1Wnntpjntli(ibf1, ~(j!~bu' U1/IJnL{1 /i{lq/i[ ~ U1funLfl
diJJffq, pwfldfl /llnuli[ ~ pwf1011 UWflbf't, QWJ{IWqjrli Onql;wOpnt/ ~ qw;- dwllwliw/j/1 llwljpwjlillflf! gmJg bu IIlWL~U q.nf16nrtnLPJWli 4w·
f7UIQ/10 h{lwdwjlig ~ wnli: Uju limj(j bijwfilliLinll bpb q.nj.W~WUQ hwli- ll'IWf11lwu dwllw0w4[!: 'lf1wfig~g bfi' w;dd. WJ[bu, w;umhbUI!J, wn-
1\bu. t q.WL~U nf1n2!~ 2Wf1WhjnLUW~w(j ~WZIIlnlin!l, W~W flW ~~ [izw- t1/12V1, wnwljnVIJWO, f}.lio!Ju, lif1pl1d0, liflli/;, WJUOfl, tqmg, h/Jdw, Ljw-
UW~.ntll, np uw llbf'lwO!lnul t w6w~wli~. WJL llunul t nf1~bu q.nJw~wli, l]ntg, U1WflligV1wf1/1, dwd wn dun}, wnwp ~ wnO: ·
PWJ!J A[Jnzt/1 ZWf"'WhJmuw~w(j UJW21Ilnlin!l. ~O~Ujbu' pdj12q U{lwd, w- i"f1blig WfliilWhWjtnWO dwllw0w4WJ~(j ~llWUIIllibf1n!l ctwllw0w4~
2W4Iif1U1 Unt{11i0, pwOijnfl ~nl]nu ~ wnfi:
llW4J!WJ0bf1[! hwf1wpbf1w4g!lmll b(j ctwllw0w4 QnLJQ tnlln'l. q.nJW4wli-
Db('I~O (wdpu, wdwo, VIWfl/1, 2wpwp, fJ.Wf1, Q/12lif1, qli{lli/j, 0{1 ~ wnfi),
UU~PU3lltf"~ StUU~lltf"ll I:!US ~UUUSJ"t PWJg Of1w0g~g 111Wf1pbf1llmll bli hwtn4w~bu 9b11w4w0w4w0 hwiil-
~wCi~zCibf1nll, !lbf12~00b11U hnLnll!lmll bO, mObO Pll~ 9bf1w4wfiw4w0
Uw~pw10bf10 [!UU1 ~llWUUtJt pwctwli!lmll bli !npu tu!lp~ · Ulbrt~. ~Wf1q. ~ hwl:iqbu b(j q.WL~U 2Wf1WhjnLUW4W0 IIlWI1J!bf1 UJW2tnn0lib11n!l:
dtwluWw~~. al&IJ l&. !Wtfl nL jlWUWJW, hbmwq.wJmll lllwppbpw4!lmll dwllw0w4~ llw4pwJObrt[! OwtuwqwumpJwCi llb2 L~limll t;(j ctwllwuw-
bO Ow~ D[jllhUJO(tW~w[i llw4pwj0bf1[!, nrmu~ ~pbOg pwnwJ~(i ~ll.wu ~~ ~Wf1Wq.w, ~(j!~bu' UDUJJdt! Of1w unl/nflb[m fuO!J/1!70 hliVIwdqljnuJ
IIln!l hwllwiilb'l.ntll bO liwlt IIlbrt~. Ol&p, awllwOw~~. !WtP m !?WWu~~ t: vw 1/UJI]mg q/JU1Iif1 WJIJ dwupO: Pw;tmd lid h/IIJUJ dliOwlj m dntnf1:
llwl{pwJObf1~ OzwOw~mpJm00bf1[!:
nrtnz Lbq!lwpw00bf1 !lbrtnh~2JWL llw4pWJUilf1Q l:wlpwqn[lnul l:i1j :Ji.J./7 ~wll n11w~w~wli llwlfpwjubf1[! QnLJQ bii ll'IWL~U q.np6nll.nLP-
brt~m IIlWI1WIIlbuw~libp~ llb2' ~WflWqu!JWI{wO 1£ hwm4w02.WJp0 (lJ. JW0 4WIIlWf11lWli ll~Q. nf1W4[!, ~O!~bu' I]WOIJWIJ, W{IWQ, W{IJJJQWpWfl,
UUWIIlf1JW0) ~wll npn2!WJ110 (nf1w4w4wO ~ !?WOw~w~wQ) ~ Uf.WfiW- UJ{1Wqn{lli0, Uf1U1W0g, WQWUI, hwdW{1dwq, hpd0nljp0, hnVIUf/WJU, /1-
qWJW~wfi (UL. lJwpq.Wf"'JWO): Qnt{l, uli{1V1nf1li0 ~ wnli: UJU llw4pwJ0blliJ Owf'uwqwumpJwO llb2 L~
306 Cimll b(i 01...~ UfWI1Wq.w, ~fi!~bu· vw wOqJJnf1bO dV1f1JJJf/lig /1{1 Odm;qo:
307
/Jm0q0bf10 UJQUJhn{1b0 oonul f/70 wO~nwn/7 qm/ OfJp: 1mu0 zbtl/70
Uttwugwt/nf1 bCi WJO llw~pwJCibfl[!, npnCip ~wqll4.mll bCi llb~ wp-
ljwOqOwo ff1llbf1lt bf1bfuwti m pwf1df1-PWf1df1 hbftbftm.tl 1{1:
llwumq L. llw~PWJW~bplll wowCignq: Uw~pWJW~bflUl wOwligCil:i(l~ ptl-
~wuwqwqwO (lw¢ nt pwuwlf/1) tlw(jpwjlihf1D gmJg bli 111wt~u q[! hWjbpl:iCimll hwuCimll t znLJ12 70-~: 'lpw(ig~g l:i(i' -pUJf1, ·UfbU,
qn(lOOI\nLPJWli l_Wlfl[!, _gw(iw~[! ~wll WU111~15'w(i[!: 'lpw(ig~g b(i' -n{1b0, -nt//70, -UJ"/7, -J/wf7/7, -/lgu, -UfUJUI/7", -wg, -mu111 L. WJLli:
wtlbOb./10, wnwt/bJWIJ.Ibu, pwtjwl{w0/7fi, wOfwi/J, pwqtl/7gu, bf1ftwft/7, CUIJI npmll, JIWJ"' wowlig[! Owqmll t J!Wf1R pwn~ PUJf1 wpllWUl~g
h/7tlfint//7fi, hfiqwiJ.Iw117/7lt. fW¢wqwOg, uwu~n/7l{, Qf1bpb, ltf11t/70, baw- h CizwCiw~nul t ~L. tllbu, (jtJwO, /7pf7il, npbO-[! owqmll t Of1b0p pwn~
11/Winftl{ L. WJL (i: wpllwlll~g L. mli~ llmnwqnpw1..4bu linLJli Cizwliw~mpJmCi[!, ~u~ -Ujbu-p
Cln(lOOI\nLPJWli ~Wil hWIIl~WCi~z~ l_WtP(! ~WflOfl t Wfli11WhWjlnt.l.ht fjdwO OzwCiw~nLpJwllp ul:ipmll t L4WflU~bpbCi~g:
Owla pqw~wCilibfl~ L. w(jq.wll pwnbpp ~w~w~gmpJwllp WfllllWhWJLnfiwO uzl:iCip lljnLU w0w(ig(il:ipnq ~wqllqwo llw~pWJUbfl.
4.bfltnLOw~wCi llw~pwJubpmt, tJCiiL4bu' bf1l{nL wfiqwd, bf1bp wOqwtl, -nt//70/nt//7 - wqqm//70, ju11pnt//7li, t/lnt//70. l{w11nt//70, Jni.f1nt//7.
UIUJU UJUQUJd, /fl{1{1flf1fJ WUQUJtJL. WJlU: ·UfUJUJ/7" - h0QWIJ.IWU7/7l{, pWOWIJ.IWII7/7l{, IJ7WU0UJUjWU1/7l{.
~w(iw~w~w(i llw~pwJlibfl(! CiwtuwflWUnLpJWli llb2 t~limll b(i !Wlfl -mg huntg, tfwfJmg, 11wOijmg, lqmg.
m pw(iw~~ L4Wf1Wqw, tJCi!L4hu' Uf11JtJ pwljw"wO/ID pwf1df1wgbJ t{1: -wlig - hbnt/wOg, QtJuwOg, bf1buwug, uf1mwfig, q/7zbf1w0g,
UJfJ fnLf1E fWt/IUJQUJOg w0hwfiqumwg{1bg fi{1wu: UJfJ tlwu/7fi pw0/7gu Uf1117UJ0g.
wutfbt t 0{1w0: -m.UUJ - UJf1117WRntull7, 0b{1pnwm, t/bf1nLU117. lizwCiw~mll t «np-
CCiT}hwOpw~wfj (~wll lllWfl~llwulll) llw~pwjCil:ip[!, (!Ulll ~~flW Ulbi\~Q».
nmpJWCi, l11W(lpbfl ~llWUlllUb(l l:i(i WflU1WhWJU1nLll ~Wll Cimj(i ~~(lW -~gu- pwqt1/7gu, bf7/7gu, pw0/7gu, fn{1/7gu L. WJLli.
nnLpJWU lll:i2 hwllwlllbll.mll bG mwppl:ifl ~llwu111Cibp: 'lpwCi,e nt pb lll:i~. -w~~ - zbzlnWl{/7. pbpLwl{/7, hw0/jwf10UJl{/7, hwlfwjuwft/7.
wn bp~m. CimJCi~u~ bpl:ip ~llwulllCihpnq ~wflnll bli ~npowoqbt: -wg~ - pbf1w0wg/7, pwawg/7, ¢wu1nwg/7, UJf1fJWf1wg/7.
YW(lnfl b(i WfllllWhWJUll:it 1\L.~ L. dwllwCiw~~. lllbl\~ m ~L.~. ~L.~ m -~~(j - pb{111Wq/70, U1f1U1tlUJq/70, Uf1117WQ/7U, gwt/WQ/Ifi L. WJtli, nL·
!Wtfl~. 111b11.~. dwllwCiw~~. ~L.~. ctwllwliw4~ m !Wlfl~ ~llwulllCibp, ~0! (i~ «q~li», «ll~ pw(i~ wpdl:ip>> ~llWUUl[l:
~bu' PwOwqp fJUJUfJUJfJ WDUJJ! ff12UJ{1dl/nLI1 L. UDUIJ! bu zwm f/7 U/7- -qwf1~- IJ70Wt/Wf1/7, pWfJWRWt/Wf1/7, h/7tlWf1Wt/Wf7/7, 11btfwt/Wf7/7.
f1nLtl Uf1Wli: Ub"-l1b" tlnnwOnul f{1 /7!1 wfigJWfE La vw h/7t/wOfJ/7li w}gb- -bpbO - hwjb{1b0, /7117Wfb{1b0, w0q[bf1bU, IJ.IWf1uftbf1b0, nmubf1bli:
JnLil ff1 llb"·llb": Ywll' vw zmm-znun /f1 QWJ/7u\tlbf1 1nntli h Cmm- Uw~pwJlibp~ hw20flfl tumllp[J PWflfl llw~pwJCil:ipCi bCi, npnCi,g
znl.ln Wf1/7, tlmpOpfil{Onul t: ~wqllqmll l:ili pwnwpWflflllWCi l11Wppl:ip bllwliw~OI:ipnq· hwllwf}('IW-
UJ0nLwllb0wJli~&l. Ozqwo llw~pwJCibfl(! hwlll~wOz4.mll bli lll:i~ h~ll ~w(i L.&lbntmbw~wO:
liw~wCi ~wll QLtuwqnp, L. WL4W ll~wJO bfl~flOflllW~w(i Ci2w(iw~mpjwllp: ,wllWflflW~w(i llw~pwjlibp[J h~llliw~wCimll ~wqllqmll bCi
~gw~w(i pwpflnLpJmCilibp~ ll~2ngnq, ~Ci!1..4bu wtlb0ntf1, WJUOf1, f]bnLu,
hbU7qhb117b, Of7Wt/ntf1, Of1bgOf1, U1Wf1bgii7Wf7/7, fJ00bf]nLO, cfwtlbdwl1 L.
vu~Puautr~ ttuflvntraantuC! wnli:
,wllbllw111wpwp R~! p~q bCi ~wqllmll ~u~w~w(i pWflllnLPJWilp
Ywqllmpjwllp llw~pWJCibp[! t~Omll bQ L4Wflq, wowOgwqnp L. ~wqllqwb llw~pwJlibp[!: 'lpwCig~g b(i' 11/7whwl1ntn, tl/7WU7bf], 11/7wdw-
PWflll: "lwpq b(i ~n!qnLil ll~WJli lll:i~ wpllw111~g ~wqllqwO llw~pwJCil:i 11w0wq, pWf1df1WQnLJU, fJW0f]WfJWRWJ[, Wf1jnt0Wt/Wn L. WJLfi:
fl[!, ~lit1..4bu· WJdtJ, bf1pbt10, 11/lzln, hbutn, /luftmJu, f]bn, tlbf1p, 2117WIJI, ~WJ"'W'lf1W~w(i llw~pwJObp[! h~ll(iw~wCimll ~wqllqmll l:ili qnJW-
zm1n, UJf1WQ, wnwp L. WJtli: ~wCiCibp~ ~p~Ompjwllp' wo liwtufl~(lnq· RWJ[ wn RWJ[, l{wp/lt wn ftw-
P/IL tfwqw1n wn lfwl{wut, UJnfJ wn lnflf] L. wnu. ~li!1..4bu liwL.· wliqw-
308 309
Gw4wG hwpwrumLpJw~p· wdwfJ-1Jdbn, WJUOfri/W!JD, qft;lip-gliplil;,
qbu-qliu, l;wdw-wl;wdw L. WJlG, l:ippl:illG GwL: J!WI'J.hJmuw4wG pwp-
flnLpJnLliGI:ipm.f QOf1 m qft;li[1, fnJ.D m dntOp, 1/0{1 nL I/Wf1, Olipu nJ.
IJnL[1UL. WJLG:
'-!bpLm6w4wG J!WPilnLPJnLGGI:ipmll qqWL~ l:iG GwL. 4p4Ciwll.np 4wum GJml)w4wG ~llwuUl~g qmp4, ,pbpw4wGw4wG qwGwqwG
pwpllnLPJmGGbpn. ~G!llll:iu' Wf1WQ-UJf7Wq, fJWUJWf7/J-fJWI.I1Wf1/J, QnJ.JQ- hwpwpbpmpJmGGbp wpUlwhwJUlRI'} tunu,p~ llwu t, npn, llPlll:ilnll. npL.t
QnLJQ, lnll.ll-lntl.ll, IIIO!J-InO!J, Ull11il.I/-UIIIOIJ.I L. wnG: pwo~ 4,.pw, npnzm~ t Gpw UIW2Ulnun GwtuwllwumpJWG lll:i2 L. hwG11bu
Uw4pwJGI:ip~ qqwL~ llwuo WllW2WQI:iL t qpwpwpJwfi ,pwpwgw6 qwl~u npL4bu lll:i4 WGilwll· 4wlll4.bLnll. UUlnpnqJWL~ hl:illl UIWI"IWQWJW-
hnLm!wliL.I:ip~g, ~G!1.141:iu' 1/wqmg, hOmg, dwOI;mg, hwq/11/. /7 Uf1UJii, 4wu 4wll tuUilflWJ~G hWflWpl:ipnLpjW~p:
gdwh, WDWjddL. WJLG: 4wU4bp[! UwtuWJlWUnLj:IJWG llb2 llnlllW4,.npWUibU GnLjG llbpQ m-
QbQ, flO! hnLn4.w~wG 4,.bp~w4,.npmpJmGGbp[! L. hwiSwtu 4wpnql:iG llb4!!
dJmun4. tflntuwp~G4.tn. ~G!UII:iu' Q/1!1GD 'lf11/WO t ubiJWO/Ifi L. Q/1f1GD
IJI'I/WO t u/iqwfi/1 1/pw: tununul t/10 Lnnl/w h/10-h/10 _ewpbp/lg L. tun-
unuJ l/10 Lnnl/w h/10-h/10 .ewpbp/1 JJUJupti:
np1J4I:iU Junu,p~ llwu' 4WLLIO ~llWUlllWpwlinpl:iG pGnpnz4.mll t GpwGnll..
np UJmpw4wG ~llwu111~Q qmp~ t. WpUlwhWJillnLil t ,pbpw4wliw4wG
mwppbp hwi'IWJ!I:ipmpJmGlil:if1, liL.wpwGnpbG hbi1Uw.4wfinul qnLJ14 t pl:ig-
dwu aabpflg, !GWJWO 111Wpw0w4w0 ~llWUUl WpUlwhWJlllRI'l nnnz 4WUibp
4wtmtt l:iQ hnLmt4.bL L. f!GrpulibL Ulllwgw4wG hnllbp, ~u4 zwpwhJOLUnpbfi
pGnLpu.&qp4,.mll t Gpwtimf., np wnwGb~G "-bpgpwlf OwtuWilWUnLj:IJWU wG-
flWil !~ LtlOrull L. llflzm qnpaw04,.m~ t wDwp4wJw4w(i ~llwu111 wpLnwhwJ-
Illnq pwnbp~ hb111' LPWQGbLn4. uUlnpnqJWL~G:
,WJ pl:ipw4wGwq~mmpJwU lll:i2 [!GilmCi4,.wO t Ulwppl:if1W~bL ljw_-
lqbp~ bpb,p tumllp' fluJtw~wGr. wllflu~w~wO L. ~WIJ4W~w(i pwnbp:
j"lu4w4wG bC! hWJlwp4,.nul WJU ~wl1jbpo. npnGg ll~zLn hwGI').bu l:ifi
qWLflU ll~wJG np111bu 4~. wnwGO~G qnp6w04.bL tb(i 4wpnq, !bG 4w-
f'lnll hnLmNI:iL L. hn11 uUlwC!wL: 'l.pw(ig~g bu' /7. g, wn, ouUJ, 11/IOt!J, f1.0·
111/J. IJIOJ.U/ig, lbtl.u/1au, WJtll:
Uliltultw4.wU ~PI!. p.wgp ~wlJulUw.ltuJ.G hwrJWpbflmpJmG-
Ilbp~g. WflUl.whuijumul bU C!wla.lijm.pw4wli ~tl.Wll.Ul, 4Wf1nl'l b.U hnLn4.-
4.bL, hn11 ULnw(iwL L. 4Wlll~9 pwg~· qnp6 l:iG w6tlmll OwL. ~pt;Gg pmG
tunug~llwllWJ~CI IH1Wullln4,.: 'l.pwC!g~g t;G: tlnlll, fJbd, 1/fiW, dlip, wnwp,
lnLf1P(D). tili[1U, fJnLf1U, fWI/1 L. WJLG:
titwt.qw~wll pwobp(! 0Jmpw4wG ~llwu111 mGbgnq WJU pwllbpO bu.
npn~ bflpbllG ~flltlnfw.lwa Ot..bnml. (hW1J14W.Lllbu Ulwppbp hntn4.wCIL.b-
l'lniO ~wrmq bC! qnp6w64.bt Owll 4mlll~ G2wfiw4nLJlJWilJ!, ~G!UII:iu· li{11i-
310 311
ultg, UjUJIJ10wnnt/, fJbUjJJnuJ, ltnf/tlftg, hbtnLwOpnt/, flOpwgpmtl, !Ow-
}UJd; nL!Jf/nLPJWUp L. WJLO:
4wUjb(l(! 'lWUw4wnq.4nul t;(j uw~ !!UU'l 2WflW'lWUnLpjW0 1£ L~Onul C!u111 4wqllmp)wu· 4wl4bf10 Lttfinul tu J.4WI'Iq 1£ J!WflWI'JflJWL:
bu uw)'uWI}flnLPJnLUUD11, 'li'IWUg~g t;u· wn, fJUIJ1, wawOg, fJbUjft, ftPf1L, 'I'IWJlq l;(j Wjfi 4wl4bfl{!, 0110U9 4wqll4w6 b(j ll~WJU lll:ilj Wl1llWU'l~Q.
n(1Ujbu, tlftO!/.,, OwjupwO, pwO L. WJLU, pu4 4wl44"11 pwnbp~g hbUJn ~li!Uibu' tln1J1, tlbp, t/(1w, IJ1Wq, Ujbu, OtlwO 1£ WJLU: PwflW'lflJWL 4wl4b·
'1114"11 4w~qbp[( butWI'JflnLPJntliObp' wnpftt/, wop/.,, tlwuftO, fJfttlwg, p(! sl:ipw4wuwljwu U'lWppbp PflOI'\nLPJnLUUI:ifltt htnnl£wli9n4 WI1W2W-
qnrztlftg, tlbp, tlftpngnt/, Ujbu, OtlwO, Obf1pn, 0/jwtntlwtlp, tlntn 1£ wnu: gw6" 4w~.qbpli bli, npnu~ ''wqll4w6" bu llb4~g w4bL~ wpllw111ul:ipn4
~wll 9bpw4wliwljwli llwuli~4iibpn4. ~liil4bu' hwtlnOpwg, qmq!]Opwg,
4U"ltf'l"t l"tUUUSUSI"tu 'lUUU4UrqntUC hUJUWUjWIJ1WujuwO, nLf/IJnLPJWUp, tlftpngftO, dbneftg, wOqwju, qnp-
6mtll£ wnli:
Ljwl4tro liJmpw4wu ~llwumjlg qmp4 pwnl:ip bu. pWJQ fipwuR 4wJ.4bflD h~llliw4wfimll wnw~wgl:iL bli UJnLpw4wO ~llwutn wp-
wpmwhwJmmll bu qwuwqwu hwpwpbpmpjmuubp (dwllwGw4wJ~u. lliWhWJIIlnll tunu9~ llwubp~g. hw1114w~qbu wJ(j pwnbpjlg, npnug llb2
111W!1W6"wljwu 1£ WJLU), npnu9 1£ l4WJllwGw4nr4w6" b(j upwug pwnw- '"11"2 !WLfln4 wnljw t hwpwpl:ipmpJWU ~llwu111[!: 'ltnlau Lhq4tt qwp-
J~U jlllwuU10bpn4: ~wgllwu hfiwqnLJu 2fl~wunul lljl 2Wf19 pwnbp 4npgptL l:iu jlpblig u1m-
f:!Uil1 ~ptug WI1111WhWJU1W6" pWilWJ~U jl!lWUU'lUI:ip~ 1£ hwpwpb- twljwu jlllWUlll[! 1£ 41:ipw641:iL nt ll~wj(j 4wl4bf1~. WJLI£ wnwu0jl(j llwu-
pnLpjnLCIUI:ipjl' 4w~l:ip[! hjllluw4w0nul L~Gmll bfi. ~~~libp~ la hl:inwgtl WJU pwnbp~g. npnOg~g ~pl:iu9 ulijlbL bu: UJ'll4~u~
w) Swf1w6w~wu - wnwp, wap/.,, 1Jfttlwg, 1/pw, IJ1wq, tlbp, tln1J1, fWt.qbpjlg bu qftWJ!WfJJWU /1. IJ, UJD, Oli!J, OUUI, q uwt<.~'lfJpubp[!, npnu9
t/bf7, ft t/bf7, tlftp/.,, Obppn, Obpp/.,, b1J1, bw/.,, t/bf7, 1Jfttlwg, 1Jbtl hwOIJft- ~,. UliWilJWU~ 44WJnLPJWilp' pu~Lj hwjbpbu pwntp bu: u~ tumllp 4w-
tlwO, hbnm, fJnLf1U, Obpu: 14bll wfitl~2Wl4bU WllW2WQbL bli QOJWLjwfilibp~g, ~U!l4bu· dwtlwOwq,
p) dwllwGw~WJ~G : OwjupwO, opnp, wOg, hb1J1n, tlftpngftO, UjW- ~W01Jbf1d, hwtlwp, /WI/1, IJ1wq, illbfJ la wnu. Ljwll' qnJwljwuubp~ 111Wp-
hftO, uquw6, fJOpwgpmtl, dwtlwOwq, ft 1/bp: ~bp hnLn4w~l£bp~g, ~U!t.qbu' dbnpftg, tlftpngnt/, OUjwiJ1wqnt/, UJWIJ1-
q) '-LbpwpbpntpJWU - tlwuftO, Oqw1J1tlwtlp, t/bpwpbf1JW[, hw01JbUj, 'fwont/, t/bf7Wf'bf1nLPJWtlp, nLf/f/nLPJWtlp (q.np6"~w4w0), !]Opwgpnul,
1/bpwpbptlwtlp, qwUjwqgmpjwtlp, q6nt/: 1/iUjpnuJ, qnp6mtl (UbflQOJW4wfi) 1£ WJL 0:
'l) Pwgwntlwu - wnwOg, pwgft, qwiJ1, 1JnLf1U, pwgwnmpJwtlp: U~ 2Wfl9 ljWJ.4bfl WllW2WQI:iL UU w6"wljw(j(ji;I'I~Q 1£ hWI114Wl4bU' .
b) "lwunSwo~ 1£ hjltlntGR~ - hwtlwp, UJWV1lfwnnt/, wnpftt/, _'U4J!WJUbfl~Q, ~Ul_l4bu' wOqwju, qnLq!]Opwg, hWt/WUWf1, tlntnftq,
hbtn/.,wOpnt/, zOnphftt/, bpbuftg, dbnpftg, hfttlwO 1/pw: •tlwO la wnwp, 1JnLf1U, Obpu, hbilln, 1/bp/.,, lnLf1p, hbnm, Obpj}/.,, /]Of}w-
q) uUjwtnw~~ - hwtlwp, hwOmO, ft, 0Ujw1J1wqnt/, hoqmiJ1, oq- 'Wp 1£ WJLU:
tnftO: '-IWUjbp b(j WllW2WQbL Liwla l)bppwjlibflflQ 1£ qpwpWflJWU 9bpw-
t) :)l.ifl la. (idw(impjw(i - Uj/Ju, OtlwO, ftO!Ujbu, npUjbu: ~(iw~w(j utwnphp ~Winftg, ~£i!l4bu' OwJWO, !Ow}w6, wOgwa, uquwa,
[!) 0nf1Jwp~Ompjwli - l/1n/UWf7bO, ¢njuw0wq, IJ1bfJ, IJ1bf/wq: WJbJm/, tOwjbJnt/, t/bpwplif1JW[i£ wowOg {wa+wOg), pwgft {pwg+/1),
p) ~WilWUIWlRWUflJw[impjWG - hwtlwdwjO, /]Utn, hwtlWUjWII1WU· bUJ/1 {IJ/iUJ+/7), f}/7dwg {l}litlp pwntt QfiWJ!WJlJWU ubnw~wu, 11lf1W4wu
juwO, hwt/wuwp, hwtlbtlwtn: ~Ln4w0~). ft I]!Jtlu {IJbdp pwn~ q.JlWPWfiJWU uwfu'lf1~4 hWJQw4wuo).
d) U~wufinLpJWCI- !W\fl~. zwh~. ~O!~I:iu' hbtn, hw01Jbpd, hwtl/]0· 'lnf1hftt/ (zOnph pwn~ qpwpwnJwfi hnquw~~ qnp6~w4wuo). hwOmO
pwg, !WI/1, wt/bJft, wtfb[ft, wt/bi/1 pwO, Ujwqwu, hoqmiJ1, oqV1ftO, hw- rJ0mO PWil~ qpwpWJ1JWU Gwfullfl~4 hwjgw4wli[!) la WJLU:
tl~p ~ LUll~:
312 3l3
4wl4bn~ tuOrmwnmpJmOo gbnwljwOwl.jwO (zwnwhJmuw~wG)
WJCi ~nnll.nLPJmOO t. bnp ~wuuf nn~bu qbnwl)wu wOI)wll, ~n ~llwullltt
pbLw'lnWOJ;mtl ~whw02mll t. nn ~n hb111 qnn6w64nll1114.JwL pwnn. nn
~"Itlmll t ~WUJ~ fuO'l~rt. 'lnt.l~ hwllwlllw1.11wutuwo hnLntlntl:
lab 1114.JWL PWil[! ~W~~ ~whw02nt.l nn hnLntlnt.l t 'lntlmll, ~WJilw
uwl{nntlw6 t ~W~~ Wn111WhWj!IlW6 w(ifl~2W~w(j ~llWUtnnt.l La Ci2WUW-
~nLPJWilp:
dwllwOw~w~~g hwJbnbOmll nLil.ll.W~wO hnLntlntl ~w~n tuull~P
I~ ~whwu2mll. uw~wJCi h~Oq hnLntl~ hwllw~wnqntl hwJgw~wO~ ~~
nwnmpJmCiObno tlbnwq,tlmll bO nL'lll.W~wo~o: Cutn wmll· nLil.ll.W-
~wO-hwJgw~wo hnLntlObn~ hbtn qnn6w64mll bO hbtnlaJWL ~w~b11n ·
wn, !Jhu;/1, Qlif11J, /7, /1Pfl, /1pf7b, /10tu;bu, 11/10! (lf/10tb}, Ow/llewO, n{l-
u;bu, J}Wti:
"lbtng t O~w111~ mObCiwL. nn nL'l'lnt.PJnt.O QnLJQ tnt.ln11. ~w~bno
wo~ow~wu 'lbnwOmOObn~ wnw2~0 La bfl~nnn'l 'lbll9bl1~ hbtn tuo'l~ll
bO ~whw02mll tnnw~wo hnLntlntl. ~O!~bu'!Jbu;/7 /70d, !Jhu;/1 ebq,
lf/10tb lfbq, lf/10[b dbq La WJLCi:
dwllwow~w~~g hwJbnbOmll ~wlllbn~ llb6 llwuo tuO'l~n t ~w
hw02mll ubnw~w(i hnLntlntl, ~O!~bu'lfnU7, I//1W, U7W/;, lfbp, Obf1J}n, !J/1-
Ifwg, lJIWU7lfwnm/, lfwuj70, u;bu, OlfwO, hbU7bwOem/, bf1buj7g, hwOmO
La WJL(i:
314
~;muuufl~ 4wqllnul I! WfiiilwhWJIIlnul bu umwp4wubp~. tpuntJpubp~.
brtbLmf}jnLOGbr~ U1.11npwqwuw4w0 hwpwpbpmpjmuubrl! Gzttw6 uwtuw- ~ust.ur4ntrasntu
'lWUnLJ:JJnLUUbpnul 4w1..4nul bu bp4pnpqw4w0 OwfuwqwumpJmOubpn
QLfuwttnp~ hb111 L. bp4pnpr.w4w0 uwtuwqwumpJmuubp[! ll~llJwfig hbUl: . ~wJOwp4mpJmun OJmpwqwu jlllwullltlg qmp(l, a~t~ttnl\ funue~
Ulllnpwqwuw4w0 2W'1.4wu.t0bp0 bQ' np, pi;, bpb, npiJII;uqft, npm/- atwu t: UJu UfWUl4wOnul t tttnwpbflw4w0 tunu.P~ llwubf1p fullpnu II
hbwu, tl/70fu, tlftOf, pau, paqmq, phU/hw, tlftOfu npl! wno: WflUlWhWJLnnLil t funun'l~ qqWJW4WU tlbpwpbpllm01J[f 4WilWJ~(j II n!
Gw11.4Wu.t0bp[! qwuw4wpqttnul bu Owl! QUIIl 4~pwnmpJW£i· ~~~~ I! 4wllwJ~O qqwgmllubp:
'lpwQg~g bQ' w]u, w~h, wtjw"f] hwj, tjw]u, pw"O, ifw/-t//1),
t~Omll bQ' tlb0wl'l~J1. 4J1~Gwq~p I! qmqwq~p:
UbOwq~p bO wnwOO~O. ll~wJOw4 qnp6w6ttn11. lWI\4Wl40bpn,
pw: t/w}, U/W-h, ni./J, hwpwj, /1: n/.1! wnli: .
~O!u.tbu' u, m, pw;g, qwtl, np, l;pl;, pli, ftuq I! wnO:
:;)wJ0wp4m.pJnt0Gbpu [!Utn ~llwu111~ lfliintll bQ' qqwgw~wO 4wll pwgw~wG
~0, 4ntw~w0 4wll ~wtlwJ~Ci I! O_LlwW!awjCiwijwO 4wll pOw&uJCiw~wO:
4p/;0W!J/Ifl bO 4n!tlmll 4P40tln'1. 2WJl4WL40bp[!, ~O!u.tbu' u: .. LI;
pa: .. pa; n/... n/, qwll... qwlll! wnO: Pwgwqwli[UJ/jUJii 4wll qqwgw4w0 bli wjli ~li.IJOwp4mpJmliub
f1nLQUJfl/lfl 2W11.4Wu.t0bp(j WJU ZW11.4Wu.t0bpQ b0, npn(i~ qnp6 b(i fl[!, npnO.P wpiilwhwJUlmll bli fununrt~ qqwgllmlipObpo Obpp~O WU,f-
w6ttnul ll~wu~G. hwllwutwlllwufuwG qmjqbpntl. ~Otu.tbu' nf tlftw;u... pmllubp[!. ~Oru.tbu Owl! qwuwqwu ~pnqnLJ:JJmlilibpjl 04wu11lwllp gm- ·
Wj[u (WJ[ uwu), n1 ph... Wj[, pl;u.. pw;g, fUW}Wd ... pw;g, npm/- gwpbpw6 qqwgmllwJ~li ttbpwpbf11lnt0p, ~li!U,fbu' w]u, w·h, ·wtlw~O, 1;-
hhUJu ... nlUUJ/1, pwuft np... nlUUJ/111 wnu: pwuft: l;pua·q, w¢un·u, pw"fi, qwj, wj, n"L/J, nifuw;, o~h. o"l! wnu:
Gwi1.4WL40bpQ qwuqwuttmll 4wll fullpwtlnpttmll bu Gwl! ou111 ~ l"li!u.tbu pwgw4wli!w4w0, WJGU,fbu I! llJmu fullp~ 0wJli.wp4ntp-
pbQg Wf1111WhWJUlW6 ~llwum~. np[! U,fWllwuwttnnttw6 t GnwGg 4w- Jnt0libp[! pwqll~llWUUl b(i I! 4Wilnfl bQ qnpaw6tlbtll~ ewO~ ~llWUII10b~ .
L4w4gw4wG hwpwpbpmpJmGGbf1ntt II pwn~llwulllntl, ewG~ np Jnlf1W- pntt: UJuu.tbu' trt/w}» 0wJliwp4mpJwO hwllwp pwnwpwliubpmll
f!WU!Jmp 2W11.4Wut mG~ ll~WJO ~f1b0 hwUlnt4 I! lljmuGbp~g UlWppbp- Ozttmll t lln111 15 ~llwutn' gwtt II tt~2111. w~unuwli~. qwpllwGp; qttwr-
ttnJl pwnwj~u ~llwulll: lSntJ:JJnLli, mpw!tJmpJnLU uw;[D:
~UUl Wjqll' 4WflbL~ t wnw(iOQwgubL 2W11.4Wu.t0bp~ ~llWUUlWJ~(j ~q.wgw4wli tnwf1pbp tlbpwpbpllmlie t wpiilwhWJlllmll «w?u»
hbUll!JWl fullpbf1Q. Owjliw!l4nLPJnLU[!, n11nOp unttn11w4wG, qwllln'1.w4wli, plimjp~ pwnb-
1. U~wltnl'l~l-hwtlbLW~wO • u, m, {[, uu, uwu, WJ[u, pi;, nf, pntt qdtlWil t 4bpWplllW'l!lbL:
n1---n /, n1 tlftw;u--WJ[u, ftufU/hu--w;DU/hu {[I! wnli: ltntw~w(j 4wll ~wtlwJ~Ci OwJliwp4nLPJnL0libp~ lltl2ngntt tununr].li
2. ubphw~w~wQ - ftuq, pw;g, uwqw;u, tlftuff1GO, w;0/10!, nf ~fl 4wlleli t wpiilwhWJIIlnLll tunuw4g~O I! 4wll gwli4wlimll t nL(l~Z~
ph.. Wj[, n1 ph.. l6j[WU/GU, pw;g u WJUU/GU I! WJLU: nL2W'lllnLPJnLli[! hpwt/ftf7G[ tlft pwOft t/[7W, hpwtlwjl;[, /tWf7Q.Wf1f7G[ u
3. Spnhw~wQ - qwtl, u qwtl, qwtl pi;, qwtl, pi; f{, pi; I! wJLO: WJLli, ~li!u.tbu' wj, hl;j, hn-U/. thhj, hl;;--hl;j, fiG~ flh-h I! wnli:
4. "lwJdwO~ - l;pl;, ph, pi; np, tlftw;u, tlftw;O ph, l;pl; ilftw;u:
5. "lwllllSWil~ t.. h~llntOQ~ - np, npmjhhwu, pwli/1 np, 1r np, ilw- POwdwjliUJijUJii 4wll OllwliwOwJOw4wli OwJliWf14nLJ:JJnL0libpli
uwJ/wuiJ np, uwtlwuwJ/WUfl np I! WJL (i: . wpUlwhwJIIlmll bli qwuwqwli 4b0qwu~Ob!l~. wnwp~wlibp~ wp~w
6. dwdw(iw~Wj~Q - Gf7p, l;pp np, tlftufu, tlftufu np, ilft;UJ, hl;ug, ~w6 0wJCibf1Q, ~li!u.tbu' d/1-t/-art/. hw~/J-hw~/1. ilftw-m, [n--[n~ ll!-
hi;Og np, pwuft, pwOft np, pwuft f1GD, pi; !l II wnu: f71!7u/t, Pl!f7D"fult. fu!J2UI, UJ(]-IJ·U/{]-IJ u wnli: ~wJOwp~mpJmCalibpu
7. :)"ff I! OdwOmpJWCi - ftO!U/GU, ftulU/GU np, wul;u, wul;u pi;, [!uqhwupwu.tbu wn funup~ llwull11~9 tnwppbp4ntll bu Gwl! wnnqw-
qwptfl;u, qwpdl;u pi;, ftufU/GU npl! wnG: OmpJwllp, n11o qqwgw4wli0bf1~ qbL49nLll wplllwhwJtn4nLll t pwgw-
8. ~bmt..wOe~ - hl;wb.wpwp, hhtnuWU/GU, muwft, ·mplitlu I! wnu: 4wli!nL~Jwllp, ~n!w4w00bp~ qbU,fJ!ntll' zbztnntl, ~u4 Ollwuw~WJUW-
9. ~~2w4w0- pbu, pl;qmq, pl;qmqu, phU/hUJ, fuw;wa I! wnu: 4w0Gbp~ qbU,fpntll' pwgw4WO!nLPJWilp 4wll zbztnntt:
317
316
t'lUuU4U~nrntt Purl.bfl curu~sntuntrasnrL
brtwOw~w~nJinl'l pwobfln 0Jmpw~w0 ~llwulllpg qntp~. 1Pb9~"11 ~bflw~wOntpJntOO mO~ bfl~m pwo~o· 6uwpwOmpJmli u zw-
tunu,g~ llwu bQ L UfWUl~wQmll bO qbpwpbpw~wQ tunu,g~ llwubp~ tullp~Q: flWhJnLuntpJntfi: ~uwpwOntpJmliO mumllliwu~f1nul t pwn~ 6ubp[!,
I"' lllwppbpnLpJmli ~WJliWp~mpJmliubp~. npn[i_g qqwgw~w[i qb- Oflwlig ,gbf1w~w(iw~w(i ~tlWUU10bpO nL ~WJ'lQbfl[l, oOr.hwCipWI.llbu'
pwpbpllmli,g b[i WflUlWhWJlllnLil, bqwfiw4wqnf1nrt pwnbf1[! WfllllWhWJ- funu_g~ tlwubp[!, ~U~ 2W(1WhjntUnLpjm0[!' pwnbp~ 2Wf1WhJnLUW~w[i
lllnLil bli IJWU1nflw~w(i, llr.nwbw~wO ~bf!wpbpl]mOe u ~wqllqwO' l:iO n! ~w~w~gmpJmliQbp[!, pwnbf1~ m0bgw6 hwpwpbpmpJmOQbpO m zw-
pb wnw06~0 h01Jmli0bp~g. WJL lipwli,g ~O,gOmflnLJli, wnwli6~u pwnw~ pWhJmuw~wO ~Wf1Q.bp[!:
J~li ll~wq~plibfl bQ, ~O!I.llbu' qmgb, 11/lp/I, wlilni.Jtn, qnOb, pl1f7IJ.U, hw- CwpwhJmumpJwli mumllOwu~JlnLpJwO wnwp~w(i pwnw~w~w~
t/wliwpwf7, hwqftt/ pl1 I.& wnG: Cur.n WJI'].Il tL bqwuw~w~nflnrt pwnhp[! gnLpJmliO t, OwtuwllwumpJmOo u pwnO ~ppu Owtuwl'].wumpJwO wOI'].wtl:
~wpnq bO Wf1mwhWJUlbLlllWf1pbf1 ~llwulllubf1 u Lf'tOnuJ bli. I"' qbp2n zwpwhJmumpJWO munulliwu~pmpJnLli[! hbliqmll t zw-
w. !:\wumwmw~w(i - wO;m;m, w0l;wul;w6. w0t.qJJJjl1wO, wliU1w- pwhJmuw4wO ~WrtWI.LIWilObfl~, OpwOg ~w~w~gmpjwO ll~2ngObp~ m
f7Wltm;u, /1hw{1l;b, frultwJ.III1U, /1f1Wt/, /1f1n.IJ, h/1f7Wt//1, hwpl;wt/ u·WJL u: bqwliw40bp~ qpw:
p. bfl~PWJW~w(i - qm.gl1, Wf7!JJnJ!, wul1u, l;w{1611u, 11pL.ft., qpl1pl1, CwpwhJmuw~w[i 4wrtWI.LIWfl0bp[! 4wqll~nul bQ pwnw6ubp~g u
11frqm.gl1, l1frpl1, /1pf1, ftpf7!J pl1 u wno: ~wpnq bO mObOWL lllWppbp 4wnmJg0bfl, ~O!I.llbu' npnz~!+npnzJWL
q. Uwur.n~w~wO - wliqwtl, 11/tliilJ. wliqwtl, 11/10[/J frul;, .Owl1wow~ (Rwqg{1 dr.qfrUI, Ltwf7d/1f7 t/UJf7fJ), hwlll4wgmg~!+hwm4wgJWL (Rwqw-
t/wli!J, hwtnltwut11u, tlwliwqwli!J, Om;Ofrult u WJLli: . J!/1 dfunp!J, 6wrzlt/1 p/If7p/If11J) u uUlnf1nqnulwJ~O (!Jni.DIJ pwgtfl1g, Wf7lJ.fJ
I].. Bmgw~wD ·- whw, whwljwufrl;, hp11u, hf7I1!J, h{1lili (dnrz.) u f1/1l{1U 11l;wt/ u WJLO):
WJL[i: . CwpwhJmuw~wO h~Ll0w4w0 4WrtWI.LIWI"'[! bQpw~w:t-ulllnJlnQ.JWL
b. Uwhdw0wlf1w~llw6- ql1p, qn011, Qf7l1p11, Lnl;, 11/lw;O, unul;: ~WrtWI.LIWf10 t. ,gwO~ nfl uU1npnqnuJo OwtuwllwumpJmOo 6uw~npnq
q. flq.wgw~wG - '11{1Wii/1, 11{1wlifr pl1, 11{1011l;, fldpwfutnwpwf7, pw- h~Ll0w4w0 ,gbpw4w0w4w0 4wpq t:
f7l1pw/Utnwpwf7, gwtfn.IJ, gwtfnJ! Uf7U1/1 u WJLO: Cwpwhjmuw4w0 4wnnLJg0bpO ~pw4w0w0mtl b(i mwppbp 4w-
t. fl~2w~wG - /1 fll1t.q, /1 11/lp/1 WJJng, frlitlJ.t. w;umhwlifll1{1d, w;Om.- ~w4gnLpJm00bp~ ll~2ngnq, npnO,g h~llOw~wOmll 1}(1Uunpqmll bO b-
wl1110w;0/11/, /11iJLftgl1, w;Onihwliql1{1d: flb,g bqwQw4nq' UUlRflnQ.nLllWJ~(i, hwllWI'JWUW~W(i U UUlRjlWI'JWUW-
[!. "lwmwutuwOw~wCi - w;n, nJ, hw, J/: ~w(i, npnOg~g JnLpw,gwli1JnLI1[! qnp6mll t OwtuwllwumpJmOObp~ hw-
bll.wliw~w~nf1nrt pwnbp[! ~wqllmpjwllp L~Onul b[i ~WflQ. (whw, llWI.LIWlllwutuwO ~WilnLJgObpmtl: UtnnJlnq.nu1wJ~£i hwpwpbpmpJwllp
w;n, WIJIW, Jnl;, pnq, l1f7p, Qf711p11), wbwOgwqnJl (wlil;wul;w6, wli- 4wl.llw4g~mll bO bOpw~wCi u umnpnq.JWL[!. npnlignq ~wqllqmll t bp4-
;nt;l/1, wlit.qw;l1w0, wlili1Wf1WltntJU, frultwut11u, pliwl;wliwpwf7, hwm- ~wqll OwtuWI].WUnLpJnLO[!, ~(j!l.llbu' Qw{1ntli(J 11l;wt/: awni1{11J 6wf}l;11-
l;wt.ql1u) u pWflll (11/111/lw;O, UJf7fiUJf7k Om;Ofrufi, 11/1pl1, Owl1w0wt/wlif1, gfrli: Ulid{1iJ. f qwJfru:
wul1u p11, l1f7W0/1 pl1, l;UJ{16/Iu pl1, tf/1ztn nf7, 11wliwtfwlif1 nf7, IJUUI !:\wllWI'JIUUW~w(i ~w~w4gmpJw0 llbl.li9"Lil Owf\Jwl}wumpJWU
11{1/Jm;p/10, 11/1/iilJ. wliqwtl, 11/1/iilJ. fruft u WJLli): 4wll pwllw4w~w4gmpjw0 4wqllmll qmOqn11. pwnbpO ~pwp Q~wm
llwllp _gbpw4w0w~w0 ijwll ~llwulllwJ~O lllbuw~bm~g hwllwqnp bu.
hwllwpdb,g, ~("'W("' !bO L(1Wg0mll, ~O!I.llbu' bw du/UIWfllid nL hfrwgw6
fl/1tnntl1 f{1 uwpbpg, [bDiibpO m. UJ0UIUJD0b{1[].'
319
318
Uumpwl').wuw~wo 4w~w~gmpJwu qb~emu ljwUjw~gll.n'l. pwnb- twpwhJmuw~wO ll~wLtnpObp[! ~w~w~gll.mll bO Owll pwJw~wu
1'1~9 !.lb4n LnwgOmll t qbnwi'J.WU wul').wd~u L. 9bnw~wunnbO ~w~Ltw6 U1Uif1Pbfl dllbp~ ll~2ngnll., hwU'l~w~bu q~llWJ~O m pll.wJ~O llbfl2WLI.n-
t unwu~g: UmnpWijWUW~w(j ~WilnLJQ~ ctwuwOw~ Wll~W t qb(lWI'J.WU f10LPJnL00bpnll: bpb hnLnll.w~wO dl.lbp[! pwq~W02W0W~ bO lA [!Ulll lllWJ'I-
L. Ullln(lWI'J.WU ~w~ trwgnul+LI1WQJWL hwpwpbj1mpjmun. NitUjl:iu' '1ii- pbJ'I pwnbp~ hbU'l m0bgw6' hwpwpbpnLpjwO mwppbp 02w0w~nLPJnLU
'lftli mbpi.J, hnuu.ut.fbm OUJ'lft/t, tlbftlibf qliwgpm/, Owtlw/t qpb[, wpwq (ibp bO WJ'IU1WhWJlllnLil, W~W 'lflllwj~O lA pli.WJ~O Ll.bf12WLI.npnLpjnL00bp[!
ljwqbf, hbnwliUJL J?W'lUJRftg, hftwliUJL {]li/tbpnpnljl.l wnfi: d~w02wOw~ bO l.l ll~Zlll WflU'lWhWJU'lnLil bO bOpw~w-ulllnpnqJWL~ 1'}~
1-wliwf'u ll~llumj£i uwfuWI'J.WUnLpjWO lll:i2 4wnn'l. bO hwOqbu qwl dWJ~O-pll.wJ~O hwpwpbpnLpJnLOObp: UJu~bu' /;u q0wgj1; fJ.nL qOwgftp,
~· hwllwr~wuw~wO, !..' ulllnj1WI'J.W!JW4wu ~Wl4w4gmpjmCiOI:ip: OUJ qOwg Owf'uWI'J.WUnLpJnLOObpmll pwJw~wO llbfl2WllnflnLPJnL00bp0
UJf1U1WhWJlllnLil bO b0pw~W-UU10flOqJWL~ l'}~llwj~O lA pli.WJ~O hwpwpb-
J'IRLPJnLO hwdw~WlllWUf'uwO Ll.bJ'12WLI.npnLpjnL00bp~ ll~2ngnll.:
PWJ~ b11.wOw~~. dwllwOw~~. ~bfl~~ 9bpw~w0w~w0 ~wpqbpo
~WJbpbOmll 2W!1WhJmuw4wO ll~wLtnnOI:ip[! ll~llJwOg hblll ~w pwobp~ hwpwpbpnLpJwO llflUllnpllwO llb2 npllt l').bfl !bO ~WlllWflnLil,
UlW4gll.mll bu lllwnpl:in ll~2ngul:innL1.: 'lpw09 bO' pwowdLLI:inn. 4wUll:i- gwO~ np ll~IAOmJO pwowdllo bll.wOw~wdwllwOw~wJ~O P"L"J'I dl.lbp~
no. 2W'1.4WUIUI:ip[!, 2WilWI'J.WUnLPJnLU[! lL hOtl:inwOq[!: hbll1 OmJO ~llwulllO t wplllwhwJlllnLil, ~O!~bu' SrzwO bpqnuJ /, bpqnul
Pwnwdllbp£! hntnll.llwu lA tunOwnhuwO dl.lbpO bO, nnn09 hwOqbu bO tp, bpqbg, 1[/ipqft lA wnO: PwJwdllbpo ~w~w~gmpJmOObp~ llb2 h~ll
qwl~u nnUll:iu 2WflWhJmuw~wO hwnwpl:inmpJmOOI:in~ wnlllwhwJlll~!Obn: Qw~wOmll wplllwhWJU1nLil bO bOpw~wJw~wO ~wll qnn6n'l.nLpJmOo
~nLnli.Obn~ wnlllwhWJlllWO dllwpwuw~wO [!OI').hwOmn ~llwulllOb- ~WU1WJ'I0'1.~ hwpwpbpmpjmO: •
11£! pwnw~WUlW~gmpJmuOI:ip~ lL Owtuwl').wumpJmuObp~ lll:i2 lllwppbp twnwhJmuw~wO ~w~w~gnLpJwO ll~2ngubp~g bO 2Wll.~w~-
~nu~nblllwgmllOI:in bu ulllwumll, lL umJu hnLnLtw~wO dlll:inn hwOI').I:iu Obp0 m ~w~bpo:
b0 qWL~U Oi1UjbU 2WflWhjnLUW~WU lllW(lpbp hwnwpb(lnLpjnL00bp~ Cwq~w~w~wO ~w~w~gmpJnLO[! ~ntLtnLil t qnqll.w6w~wu, ~0!-
wplllWhWJlll~!UI:i(l, nnn09 UjWjllw0wll.nnll.w6 l:i(j bn~m qnn6nOOI:innll.' aqbu' 1/wOmzwi[Obp ntnRbpftu nt znLlwOO/ip dbnRbpftu, nL, 1/WpfJ./ipfJ
w) lllllJWL hnLnL!~ hl:illl hwnwpbpmpJwO llb2 lllll0n'1 pwnl:innll. p)lll4JWL WJU1bpftu m qwpmO{] l[ptJRftu UJUJ/[, m. wrzp;mpO/ipfJ [bql/ftu uwpftg /1-
hnLnLtnll qnnow6'LI.w6' pwn~ ~llwulllnll.: UJUUjl:iu' =!WJPIJ uftpl/ntll l pw bu RWfJUJR: '
npf].mg uwf'uwqwumpJWU lll:i2 npf].fltg dll[! Obpqnn6n11. tuOil~fl t nt UowOg 2W'l.~W~~ ~w~w~gnLpJnLO[! ~ntll.nLil t w02W'l.~W~ ~wll
ll~wJO pwnwdll~ (pwgwnw~wu hnLnll) UjWlllliwnnLt. WJL Owll OnwOnll.. zwpwhwpw~wO, ~O!~bu' Uunul /iO'mn/10 WfJP/111 lp ftOd utbu:
np u~pllbL pwJ[! ~pwll.npw~wu ubn~ t. llb~ WJL qbUj9mll, bpb 02LI.w6' . ltw~bfl[] W(lU1WhWJU1nLil b0 pwllb(l~ UlllOJ'IWI'}WUW~WO hwpwpb-
PWJ£! lflntuwn~ulll:in lll:i4 mn~2. wul:io9· tumuwlflbL pwJnll., wUjw pwJ~ J'IOLpjOL00b(l lA gnLJQ bO U1WL~U. pb ~w~w~wO ~O!~~u~ hwpwpbpmp-
Ilwulllnll. UlWJilwuwLtnnLtw6' nnrpug pwnn hwOqbu ~qwn 2W(lWhJm- JWilp bO ~J'IW!l hbU1 ~WUILI.w6 qnjw~wOObp[], l').bf1w0m00bp0 nL qnjw-
uwljwO llblj WJL UjW2lll00ntf W02WlllUW0 WfinL'l.'l.W~~ f'ufii'J.~J'I· ~WJJ'I[! ~wOwpwp qnp6w6LI.w6 pwnbpO [!OI').hwOnw~bu qbpwqwu pwobn~
tumuwlflnuJ t npl').mg: (i~wU1dwdp: u2Ltw6 2WJ'IWhJnLuw~wO qbpnll. ~w~bflll hwll_wndb9 bu
nLpbllO' OmjO hnLnli.Obn~ WplllWhWJlllWO 2W(1Whjmuw~w(j lllW(l- hnLnLtw~wO dllbp~O lA hwliwtu ~wnn11. bO lflntuwn~OLI.bL Onwugnll.. ~0!
pbfl hwnwpl:ipmpJmOObp£! h~lluwljwumu UlWJilwOwll.npll.w6' bO wn ~bu' tunumll l/10 pwpbpft llwuftO lA tunumll l/10 RWpbpftg: QftPRIJ
pwnl:in~ hl:illl m01:igw6 unwOg ljwUjwljgmpJwllp, llwuwllp Owll pwnb- fJ./11/UJfJ l ubrzw0/11/PW lA QftPRIJ fJ.pljwtJ l ubrzwOftO:
fl~ J!WilWJ~(j ~llWUlll0bpn~ •
86
ltw~bfl[] zwnwhjnLUW~WO lllW(lpbp hwpwpb(lnLPJnL00b(l bO Wfl-
lnWhWJlllOLil Owll hnLnllw~wO dllbp~ hblll ll~wu~o· WJU ~wll WJO hnLn-
ll,wdllnll.. ~O!~bu· qOwg wOUJWD wnwOg {]0/[/ipnp, U/WJRWPntlllftO UJ-
soSb'u U. UuWlllflJWU, ctwilwuw4w4~g hwjng lbqm (2Wf1Wh)mumpjmli), b.,
1987, t2 34: hwp/i/[fnt/}jWO fJ.blllA wnO:
320 321
21*
Cw11whjmuw4w0 4WIJ.4W4gmpJw0 hw2n11~ ll~png[! 2WI1WflUJ-
umpJmfiO t. np[! 2Wf1WhJmuw4wO 4wllmJgnul pwnbp~ ~wuwttnl1m~ wt:iqwllO t ~wnOmll tunu9~ 4b0Ull1n0, n11~· 411w t 4b£iU111n0w0mll hw-
JW0 oO~mul{wo 4wnqo t: rtnl1~"1l~ mzw~l1nLPJmOo. t... [!UUl WJ'lll tL Ull1wllwpw0w4w0 zbzUlO
q.11w4w0 hwJbnbOmll "11ll4bu 4wun0 U"lwgnulo n.rttnul t LI1WQJW- o040mll t WJ'l wOqwll~ 411W: UjUIJ.4bu' bpb 4W11L.n11[! u oO~q.6atnl'l. q.nn-
L~9 wowp, ~0!1J.4bu· ftwliwt wfitnwn. IJWlU7f~ cfw!]jl/j L. wnu. ~ulj hfipw- 6nll.nLPJW0 ctwllw0w4~ fltlwuUlO t, WIJ.4W pOw~wOwpw11 Uli1Wllwpw-
. 4w0 tl~2Ul ~11l{nul t uUlnl1nqJWL~g wowp· 0 wnbpo tlw!]ftnul bfi: Cflli- liw4w0 zbzUlO 0040mll t WllWp~(j bl14nt pw11b11~ 411W. t;pbft 4wll bpb-
/uwfi juwqnuJ t L. wnO: t11pbllO 2WI1W~wumpJw0 lflmtmfumpJwllp n- qnjwli, ~u4 llb4 WJL ijbiJ.4J!nLll tunu9~ 4b£iUll1nt:imll 4WI1011. t [!04£ibL WJO
11nzl{mll t OwL. pwob11~ IJ.4W2UlnOo Owtuw'lwumpJwO llbp: UJUU4bu' d~pngo. n11nl{ llb4£ibL bO (~Otn"l{ llb40bg~£i), q.fiw(JJln "tlllb4 wn ~b1.14-
«Uf12~41:! Q.bf1bg~4 t IJ.4WI1ntll» Owfuw~wumpJwO tli:;p qbqbgftiiD aL.tJ 9mll 4w11n11 t zbzUlt!bL, pb n"t.WI:i11 llb4Cibg~Cf nwwfinqfilif1D t... wnO:
IJ.4WI1WQ.w t. ~u4 «9bqbg/lft wqp/1/tn filjwqnuJ l» OwtuwqwumpJwu nLI1bllO' JnLI1W9W£i!JnLI1 Owtuw~wumpjwCI llbp WI1UlWUW0nLpjWO
llbp q.bqbg/1/tll n11n2~1 t: ctwllw0w4 wnwCia~fi ~w~w110b11nl{ fiwtu wowOaOwfimll bfi wowOa~Q
~WIJ.4W4gmpjw0 ll~png0bl1~9 t OwL. ht:i.f.bpwOq[l, "110 OwfuWilW- pwnb11 4wll pwnw4w1J.4w4gmpJm00bi1(2WI1nLJp0bl1). ~u4 w02wU1l{w6
UnLPJWO [!O~hw0ml1llU1!!~. OwfuwqwumpjwO ailwqnptlwO, Owfuwqw- zwpnljp0bl1~ 4wqtlmll pwllbl1~9 llb4[! wl{bL~ mdq~O zbzUlnl{ t WI1UlW-
umpjm00bl1~ t... pwob11~ hwi1WPbl1nLPJnL00bl1~ WI1UlWhWJUlllwO lltJ- uwt:iatnLll, 9W0 lljnLU[!, "110· 1,. hb0g 411ntll t Uli1WllWpw£iw4wQ 2b2Ul[!:
png£ibl1~9 llb40 t: S!wO~ "11 JnLI1WJ!WO!Jntl1 OwfuwqwumpjmO WI1UlW- t>Ot1J.4bu 04wUlbL t U. Uuwt,ni1JWO[!, zw11whJmuw4w0 munLll0w-
hWJUlnLll t wllpni'I.PW4W£i nL Wl{WI1UlnL0 ll~tllJ!, Wl!IW WJ'l Wl{WI1UlnL- U~11nLPJW0 Ulbuw4bUl~g Uli1Wllwpw0w4wCI zb2Ul[! 4w11L.n11 t, 9W0~ nn
0ntpjW£i t... wllpnllpw4wOmpJwO wpUlwhWJUlllwO ll~pngo hO!b11wOq.O t:ipw ll~2ngnl{ wnwOMwgl{mll, oOqq6l{mll t UllUWL hwll"111ltlw0 hw-
t: UowOa~O fiwtuw~wumpjm00bl1mll, nll1 pwgw4wJmll t UUlnl1nq.m- tlw11 4w11L.011, tw4w0 pWil[!, n110 L. 4WUlWI1l{nLll t WJ~ pwn~ mdq~O
U[!, Owfuw~wumpjmOo at...wl{n11l{mll t hOtb11wOq.~ ll~2ngnl{, ~Ot1J.4bu' WI1UlWUW0ntpjwllp, hWUlnL4 zbzUlnl{, ~fitiJ.4bU' f;pbjuwli q.fiwg IJUJ{1ng:
8
1bnwfiwi. tlnnwfiwi. twt/7unuwi. fU/1{1b[ ... 4wjw{lwli, wtlpn/u, t;pbjuwfi IJU/{1ng q.fiwg: tpbjuwfi q.fiw'g fJ.UJfln/ :
djun{l: U11U1wuw0w4w0 Ulbuw4bUl~g tunu9~ llbp 4w11un11 t OwL. WI1UlW-
~Otbl1w0q.~ ll~pngnq t n11nzl{mll fiwt... OwfuwqwumpJm£i0bl1~ hWJUl!W4wO zb2Ul(!, n11nl{ WI1UlWhWjUll{mtl bO funUJ!~ qqwgw4w£i bi1W0-
hOtbl1w£iq.wJ~0 pOmJpo' IJ.4WUlllnf1w4wO, hwngw4w0, pwgw4w0tw- qwl{nl1mll0bl1, hWU14WIJ.4bu· j:!Wil~ zbzU1l{w6 0Wj0w4nl1~ bi14WI1Wgllw0 t...
4w0 L. hi1WOWJW4w0: ~fitb11w0q.~ hbUl ub11Uln11b0 Wll0tl{mll t Uli1W- tunul!~ U1bll1.14[! 4wll UlbllPI10. b11p MwuUlWJ~O Ulbuw4btn~g 4wnt...nn
llwpw0w4w0 zb2Ul[!, n110 «lflwuUlnl1b0 Owfuw~wumpjwO hOtb11wOqj1 UlWI111bl1[! WI1UlWUW0l{mll b(i ijW0ijWI'I., ~u4 nt 4WI1Wl110bl1[!' WI1Wq:
wllbOwpw11a11 t11nOO t. WJO m040~11~ mzw~l1nLPJmOo pubnmll t tunu-
9~ wnwt:ig9~· ll~pm4~. llt119~ 4b0Ull1n0~ t111w: lunu9mll h0tbl1w0q.O m CUI"U~SntUU~UL ~U"lU~SntraSUL t'lUuU~LtN!
Uli1Wllwpw0w4w£i 2b2Ul[! hwOqbu bO Q.WL~U ll~wuOwpw11 t... at...w-
l{nl1mll bQ pb 'bl144wqll L. pb'lljlw4wqll £iwfuwqwumpJmOObl1» 87 : ~wJbl1b0mll 2WI1WhJmuw4wO 4w1J.4w4gmpJw0 b11.w0w40b11o b-
UWfuW'lWUnLpJWfi gw(j4wgw6 WO~wll 4WI'lnl'l. t hw0qbu Q.WL n11- 11b9£i bO' wnqpmpJnLt:i, hwdwclWJlinLpJnLil L. fuliqpwnmpJnLO:
1J.4bU tunul!~ 4b0Ull1n0, tunu9~ wnwOg9, ~11 411W 411bL Uli1Wllwpw0w- UnqpnLpJnLli[l UUlni1WilWUw4wCI 4w1J.4w4gmpjw0 WJO b11.w£iw4£i
4w0 zbzUl t... WI1UlWuw0l{bL "11"2W4~ nutq.Ompjwllp: t. b11p LI1Wgmllo LI1WQJWL~CI t 4w1J.4w4gl{mll unu4 ~11 nL0bgw6 Mwu-
~btllL.JWL OwfuwqwumpJwO llb2· ((f;pbft bpbftnJwfi muwfinqfibplJ Ulnl{, wnwOg at...wJ~CI lflnlflntumpJmCICibl1~. J!Wfi~ n11 wn~l1nLPJWllp
q.fiwgpnlj tlbftlibgftli anljwt/7», £iwjw6 pb OwfuwqwumpJwO n"11 4WIJ.4W4gl{nl'l. UUln11WilWU pwnb11(i [!CI~hWCII1WIJ.4bU aL.Wj~O lflnlflnfump-
JWO tbO bCIPW1144.mll' Sbuwlj UJI/UJQ. ofiqbpnpo, tlmnb.f]WI/ UJI/UJQ. Dfi-
qbpnpo, hbnwgwlj wl/wq. ofiqbpnp/tg, hftwlimtl t wqwy oOftbpnpnl/:
u U. 'llwutnJwu, lu. Pwll~4JWU, ctwllwfiw4w4~g hwjng Lbq!f~
87
Sb
2Wf1WhjntUnL~Jntfi, b., 2003~., t2 25;
322
323
lpWQJWI.I'lli Wlll'J.PnLPJWii brtwQw~n4 biJ ~w~w4gl{nul !PtiRL{nq pnl\ t nLObliwL WllWf'l~WJW~w(i ~llwulll WlllllWhWJUlnl} OwtuwllwunLpJWii
tunu~j'l llwubpl! (wow~wu, p~wlfwO, :h.u~pwJ 1.. waD): CUln npmll. gwO~wgwb WU'lwll' blipw~w. tuO'lftf'llibf'l, L4Wf1WQ.Wiibf1 L. wnO:
WllllPW~wQ ~w~w~gmpjwli llbp 4wpl.&np llbp t tuw11mll zwpwllw-
umpjntli[!. LPWQnlll[!, np pwn~ ~nrw~o llPl{tg, upw(i tL ~l(bpwpbp~: /u01J(IUIDnl.pjn1.00 (~wll 4WDWl(Wf1nLil[!, hnLnl(wllnLpjnLO[!) ~w
~WJbpbOmll WllllPW~w(i 4WL4W4QnLJ:JJnLli0bp[! h~llOw~wOnul ~w~gnLpJWU wJO bl}wliw~O t, tnp ulllnf1WilWU wlillwlln ~wll LllW-
rjpul.&npl(nLil bO hbmi.&JWL b'lwliw~Obpnl(89: gnul[! Q.bllWilWU WlillWil~ 1.4WhW!i§!nl( lllllf.nLil t WJU ~Wil Wjli hnLnl(nl(
w. npnz~1+npnzJwL ~wl4w4gmJ:JJmOObp' llbo U1m0, fubJne w;w- ~wll t;L.wl(nnl(mll t ~W1.4b11~ 1lf12ngnl(, Oll~liw~· U~(lbL J!WJil 1.4Whw0-
ftbfl/11, bfloe wqpftfl, OflflnflfJ !JwuwflwO. w;u llwflf/.1!, w1ulJiftu/1111qw, 2nLil t, nf'l tulill~llD llf'll(~ hwjgw~w(i hnLnl(nl( (nLI\1\W~wOw~l.& ~wll lllpw-
euwo OflO/Uw 1.& WJLli: . ~wOwt;L.), ~li!1.4bu' UflflliJ (nitl) UUJ)fl/111/10 1.& Uflfllil (flU[} RWIJWR[J, hb-
'Tiwpwq.w+qbpwllwu pw11 i(w~w~gntpjmOObr., npnCJ9 h~llliUJ IJUJ0UJ[ J!WJ~ L4WhW05!nl( f'u(ill~f'l[! llf'll(nLil t J!WgWilW~WU hnLnl(nl(, 011~
~wlimll wpmwhwjml(ntll bO llW~J!WJfibpnl( 1.& llw~J!WJWJ!Wp qnpbwb- fiw~· hbnwOwJ ewqweftfl llnr.nbliwL J!WJ~ L4Whw0pnl( tuO'lftf'lD lll14mll t
l(n'l WJL tunug~ llwubpnl(, ~01~bu' UtloOmflbe w;tuw111mt1 f/10: CwU7 lni'IW~w(i hnLnl(nl(' llmnbfiwL RWI\WJ2~0. dwu~u ~WL4~ ~whwupnl(
lfl nqb.n{ltjwo: Pw{ldfl /Unumtl f/10: =fmqt/wc UjUJU7dmt1 t{l: QOwJftu tuOfll'lp[! ll(ll(mll t ubnw~w(i hnLnl(nl(, pwg~ ~WL4~ 1.4whw0pnl( pwgwnw-
hUJUfJfllJiligft UflUJU" WJL Q: ~wlinl(, hwDqbpcl ~WL4~ 1.4whw6pnl(' qllf'lb~w~w(inl(, hwpclw~l(bL J!WJ[!
UJWhwOpnLil t ibtw 4w1.4nl( Lf1Wgmll (hw{ldwlft/liJ p;Owtlm l/tlw) L. WJLO:
iUJtJLU4LU)0nLpjnl00 J!WDbp~ ULlln('IW'lWUW~Wii ~WL4W~gnLpjW0 tufillllWilnLpJwO hwllwp h~llR t bwllwJnLil pwn~ Rbf1w~w(iw~w0
WJ!i bl}w(iw~(i t. n(l~ 1lb1.4,pnL1l UlllnpWilWU WlillWilli [!lillnLiimll t qb- ~IJWUillll' Q.bllWilWU WlillWil~ [!Uilhw(ipwgwb f'unuR~IlWUWj~(i ~llwu
('IWilWU wfillwll~ Qbpw~wliw~w(i ~!.&[!, WJU~(i_p(i' LPWQnLil[! llPl(mll t &n(l: UJUL4bu' q.nJw~wOnl( Wf'lUlWhWJUll{wb qbnwllWU WUilWil[! unl(n-
WJO hnLnl(nl(. llbll,pnl( nL pl(nl(, npnl( wpmwhWJLnl(wb t lr'IWQJWL[!: ,w- J1WJ!W11 wnlinLil t nnnnwJ~(i wwgmllObn, ~u4 pwJnl( wplllwhWJUl-
llw~wJOntpJnLO[! np1.4bu zwpwhjnLUW~w(j ~WL4W~QnLpjW0 bl}wliw~ l(wbo· tulill~f'l(ibp nL L4W('Iwqwlibn, llbf1wlimulibf1D unl(nnwpwp Lnw-
dwllw0w~w4j1g hwJbnbOmll ll(1ul.&npl(mll t bOpw~wJ~, umnpnq.JWL~ L. gmll tbli D(illnLlinLil, wbw4w00bp(i nL pl(w~w(i(ibll[! L~fimll b(i nnnz-
pwgwhWJlll~!~ m pwgwhWJlllJWL~ ~WL4w~gmpjm00bpmll: bOpw~w(i
!WJ~O LJ1Wgmlllibf1, ~u4 llw4J!WJlibnD' L4WI1WQ.WJW~w0 : •
110
91
· Sb'o U. UowUlj'lJWU, u2L[. wztu., t2 102:
330
331
11UhJU'lUUOt290tllutf'tt StUUL!lltf'C! 1wuO~~mt, "r'ID ll~ l').buumul ~Wr'l"ll t Wr'llllwhwJlllbt Wr'!qbtw~wO~ ~
~wulll, ~O!L4bu' lift' qOw UJffJ JJWJtftO: llft'/uwOqwf1/1/1oOftbf1npfJ: ~u4
~b~ WJL l').bUU?nLiJ WJO ~Wr'ln'l t mlibliwt iJbqilw~w(j ~iJWUlll L. wnlllw-
uwf\JWI'J.WUnLPJnL00bn~ I'J.WUW~wnqilw(j &.nwnpbn u~qpmlil!libn 1WJ&.nbl gwli~nLpjmli, fulii'J.r'!Wlil!, ~O!L4bu' «U/t qOw VlbU. oOftbflfJ /tO!
m !W~wO~zObn ~w(i: =i~llliw~wOnLil oOI'J.nLOqwo t lllwnpbnw~bt liw- ~qwt/11: •lift tlnV1 Wfl/1' VlbuObtl»:
f\Jwl').wumpJmlilibr'!~ hbllll.&JWL fullpbno· ou111 hOtbpwfiq~. outn qbpw- Ur'!qbtw~wO~ I'J.bL4l!nLil zb21110 I'J.r'IL!nul t «l'i~» llwuli~~~. ~u~ llbrt.-
IJ.WU Wfir}Wd(ibp~ WD~WJRL,JWO, [!UU1 U&nnpnqnLdfibfl~ ~J&I.~. QUill Wf1-
l!w~wO~ I'J.bL4l!nLil' ~WJ~ L!nw:
111WhWjiii&{WO dtnQ~ L. ~pw~w(jnL~JJWfi hwpwpbflnL,Jwfi:
l:!u111 hfitbnwOq.~ • uwf\Jwl').wumpJmliObpo L~(jnLil bli U4WIIIdnnw- =twpgwflwO OwfuUJfJUJUntpjntOOIIp: =twr'lgw~wli bO ~n!L!nul
~wfi, hnwdwJw~wfi, hwngw~w(i pwgw~wfitw~wfi: "lwlllllnqw~wli
!.& wJO liwfuwl').wumpJmliObr'!o. nr'lnlip wnutwhwJlllnLil bli hwngnLil, l.t n-
Owf\Jwl').wumpJmOlibnn wn&.nwhwJlllnLil bli lltlll!~ hwqnni'J.nLd unl!nr'!w- nnlig il~2ngnq fununqo gwli~wlimll t ~llwliwt ~wll ISzlllbt ~nbli hb-
~wli, !bqn9 bqwliw~nq, wnw(jg nnl.&t h(jibr'!wliq~ !.& Ol.twqnpqmll b(j 111WRfll!P"Il I'J.bL41?br'!. lflwulllbn. ~r'l"llnLPJnLOlibn: =iwngw~wO liwfuw-
uwh&lwliw~w(i, UIWJilwliw~wli, bnptnl(j liwl.& 0110w~w(i nL hwp~wi'J.nw flWUnLpJnLOObno h~iJ(jw~wlimiJ auwqnr'lqnLil b(j bn~funumpjwli ctw-
~wO bqwliw~Obn~ pwJwOL&bnnL!. ~li!Uibu' Q}m!J.wgft !fwtlpnJ/t Vlm.Oo &lwliw~ hwllwiJ.IWlllwufuwli hwngw~wli hli!bnwuq~ il~2ngnq t... wnw-
lfoftt/ 1{1 oOlfbt: t;, !JwpbOgo V1UJfJ.UJ0f)wt/n{1 pwOwuU7bfJ.ti l: lJwobplJ &l.bt pOnnnz bli wnonJw-tunuw~gw~wli niS~li:
OWfJ.ftbt bO; lfwp!JftwOg djunpo pnfJ.ObtJ, h/JowOwtJ, qpqbtl t/UJf7fJbf1o =twpgw~w(j OwfuWI'J.WUnLpjmlilibr'!li [!1.1111 ~nblig wnlllwhWJU1W6 ~
fJWtmlttliJdqmOw[f: !Jn{l/tg ftpnfJ.Obtl J!WfJ.WpO WfJ.tlftnVI: LftObft fnpwO llwullllibr'!~ t~linuJ bli' pmO hwpgw~wli, tnwgw~wli t...ISwnlllwuwliw~wli:
UUJflbflnttl hbom, QWJ/1/1, wOgOIJftp tjpwOftu tlnV1nt/: PntO hwpgwqwO liwfuwi'J.WUnLPJWli I'J.bL49nul tununrt.o hwflg-
'llwmdnnw~w(i liwfuwi'J.wumpJmlilibno t~Omll bO hwutnwutw· Onul, 1Szqnlllmtl t ~nbli wlihWjlll nnut ~nnqmpjWli, lflwulll~ llwu~li.
~wli ~ df\Jl11w~wli (IJbn fbtl Vlbubt tint/o &./wOw, tbtl Vlbubt uw{10 /ttl ~(j!1.4bu' lun'fi, lf/t]V10 WUUJ, ,.OjO f pbq UVI/tiJinLtl fiVIUJ[/tW q0UJ[:
Uftt/1w0w): fi'"Ot bu mqmtl fJnL j10dw0ftg: Lnwgw~wli hwngw~wli bli WJli liwfuw-
l').wumpJmlilibn[!. nnnligmt f\Jnunq[! ~nnttnul t ~llwliWt Wr'!lllWhWj-
ipUJdUJjUJf/UJO UUJ/UUJ'IUJUnL!JjnLUU wnlllwhWJlllnLil b(i tununq~ tnWO ll111l!~ WJU ~wll Wjli lllwnnbnO ~wll nnn2 llw0r'!WilWulib~: uzqw6
~will?[!. hpwllwli, hnni'J."n, Pbtwi'J.nwlil!, IJ.IWhwli2 L. Ol.&wqnpqmll bu ~wnq~ liwfuwi'J.wumpJmliObnmll. hwr'!QnlllObn ~wnnq bli Wr'llllwhwJm:-
hpwilWJW~W(j h(j!bnwliqnq, mn hpwllwQ wnmwhWJlllnq pwn[! ~n qpw L!bt OwfuWI'J.WUnLPJWli qwOwqwli Wlii').Willitn~ llwu~li. ~li!~bu' nv
t ~nm_ll liwf\Jwl').wunLpJwli lllnwllwpwliw~wli 2b2l11[!, ~O!IJ.Ibu' lfwOft{l, qOwg pwf]wp; t;pp t VlbtJ/1 mObOwtm qftV1wdn!J.nt/o: /10fnV q0wgftf1
tlwOftfl, /ttllfwjuwpwl{: lfJwh1J1w0bgbp hWJ tbqmO u hwJ Q/tflo: wtlwowOng: f10t1J1/1uft· bt]wOwlj ffl J!WfJWJ!nLtl: f.iwnlllwuwuw~wli
=tnwllwJw~wli liwf\Jwl').wumpJntOfibn(! h~llliw~wlimll ttl.&wqnn- hwflgw~wu liwfuwl').wumpJwli I'J.bL41?nL1l tununrt.o L4Wlllwufuw0 !~
qnul bli hpwllwjw~wli bqwOw~~ ~WJWlll.&bnnq, f!WJQ bp~bllO ~wnnq UIJ.IWUnLil, j?WO~ nn Qw WJI'J. llwu~(i q~lll~ ~Wil flW hWlir'!WhWJUl
bQ WnlllWhWJlllqbt IJ.IWjllwliw~w(i, hwp~wi'J.nW~W(i, iJwuwllp Qwl.& [!1\- ISzllwnlllnLpJnLU t: UJu I'J.bL41?nLil hwngw~wli hu!bflwliqo oli111pqm~ t
llw~w(j bq~uw~n&l. t... wlinnnz I'J.bnpwJnq: f"IO!IJ.Ibu' 4qwu u WJfJ pn[npo tunul!~li hmqwwf1Lnwhwlll!W~wli bnwuqwqnnmll hwqnni'J.btm hw-
fthWfJ.fl/11JUU oOft!Jpnp!J: fiOd tlV7whw0 JW0bu: QOwu, ftwubu UJffJ tlw- llwn: f.iwnlllwuwliw~wu hwngw~wli liwf\Jwl').wunLpJmlilibfiO ~wnnq
uftO: QbVI[J IJ{/tVI/1 w0g0b}} [nLUUJpwgftO; '1JftV7/1 Wl/UWV7bu, fUlf1/W{1- bO wnlllwhwJlllbL dfull1nul. ~lit1.4bu' IJm. ft·o, tliitJR mObu, tlbtJwt/nflo
I/Iiu, np h':'uObOu 01J1UJV1WQ/1f): 4nV1nf1bi. p20wtlft0bp/t0 wO/UOw: Ow t: Uftpb UtlpWV1lJ pntj[ QVIUJ /1{1b0' WJfJIJibU t/ftpwt/n{lb[ d/1 wO-
"lwhiJ{wOb l /UUJfJ.WfJ.ntpjnLO[J: &./b{lp VIW[ IJIWVIb{lwqtl/10: IJIUllVIIJIWO UJf]p/jUJ, hWUIIIWU1nLil, ~li!L4bU' ~r fl(l 0{1W0}} tlV1bpj1t1 oO-
=tnwllwJw~wli liwf\Jwl').wumpJmlilibp[! ~wqllqnul bu Owl& J//t' ftbpnthft0b{1 f/10: nl/ pbq J}bq tibtibg, Uwpn pw~O, n·t/ wOftabg, Uwpn'
332 pwO: U/1 '"pb t/bpp/10 IJiflbV70 btl bu, t/bflp/10 bflq/1!0 /td bp/jflft, Q.Wr'l-
333
llwOJ:r, gwli~nLpJmli, brawqwOg La WJLfi:
PwgwltUJDfUJ/jUJO OUJ/UUJf/.UJUnlpJm DDbp: Pwgw~wDtw~wCi 'ltJilwt{nf1 CiwfuwflWUnLJJJnLlilibfl[! blipw4w !nLlibO, wCibC!pw~w
b(j WJCi Owtuw~wumpjmQIH:ifliJ, nnnOe WfllnWhWjlnnul b[j h~wgllmCi,g, CiwfuwflWUnLfJJnLCiCibfl bCi, mCibCi ll~WJCi llb4 qLfuwl.J.nfl wlir).wtl· umn-
qwnllwOe. wlfiunuU!Oe, tunuen qqwgw~wo lnWflpbfl bnwOqObfl 1.a rmqJWL, n(1u W(1tz1whwJU1l.J.mll t !ll'tllw4nn pwJmt, nu!ll.llm' /Jplillg: Lm-
6l.awl.J.npl.J.mll bQ pwgw4w0tw~w£i hOtbnwOqm.{: uwgwl/: Ulidf1~bt m t:
uzl.J.w6 ~Wflq~ (iwfuWflWUnLfJJW(j Ulnnflnqmll(! h~ll£iw4wfinul Wfl· r 1.11WflpbflnLfJJnL0 ql:iru4_w0 b0pw4WJnl.J. CiwtuWI'}WUnLfJJW{i, nJ1-
liiW~WJln~nLil t [!rtllw4wQ bqwQw4~ pwJwlll.al:innl.J., ~U!1.4bu· L/Jlib/J~ ln- U11:il'l bOpw4w0 [!OI'}hwOnwlllbu 4bnw~wOq0bL~ 1t. r).~llw4nnll~w4wqil
pwu UWf11lf1nil1 hbnm, QtuJ/1f1, wligfib/Jf11/l'tufi/1u tinumq: L/lfib{l hbtJrn CiwfuWI'}WUnLfJJnL00bfl(! L~Cinul b(j'
tl/ltuliftJmli, L/Jlib{l tlwliftwli Wf1fJWf1 pmli... , ~!i!1.41:iu Owl.a pWJ~ llJmu w) I.(~ISw~WJ~G ~wll pnL(i wliblipw~w. nrmOg gnqg b(i UlWL~u
l:irt~Ciw4ub~mr hwll_wl.4wLnwujuwQ hfittnwliq~ ll~2ngnl.J., op~Ow4' t- mwn4w b11.w0w4, llp!inLnr.mwJ~O bflL.nLJpGbfl, dwtlwCiw4. 011~ 2bfl-
ltw u, bftw U. pbf1/1 U, pbf1/1~fi... 4wt/J-u btl, Qtu[/Ju, Wf1f'Jbli hwulinul llmpjmQ, lnbrtnulObfl La WJLO, ~(jg~bu' Qwf1mli t: Q/12bf1/: bf1b.J2 dwtl f
btl: "l/lt.?/1- qnnwd, U//1111/1~ ltf1ltlibtlwliqwqwf1, wqw111mp1m -o: b"ftb"R _ wlid{1~mtl t: UtlU/bt t: Lmuwgwl/.
PnLJf1bf1, ubq Utuf1bf1/1 mfituf]tuQbfJ nq/Jlib{1: Pwgw4w0tw4w0 Qwtuw- p) UOnnnz rlf'llwt{nfl (w0b!ipw4w) Qwtuwi'}WUnLpjnLOObfl, nnnOj;!
flWUnLpJmQOb(1[! lll.awl.J.nl'll.J.nul bQ Qwl.a llwJQwn4mpJmliQbnnl.J., hwngw- unu4 ~Ot-n(1 pw(j b(j hwrtnfllli1Lll, 0mJ(i~u4 hwJU10fl 1t. pb n4 (4wll n4..ebfl)
hwnwpbf1~4w0 flbflwlimOQI:irml.J., ~£i!1.4bu' =ibj 1/w]u, ftnll1f1tufi /ld t lfw~.nwrmul qnnonll.nLPJnLli[!, ~O!lllbu' !JwliQ!J tnl/bg/Jli: Uumd bli, pb
p~bf11J.~ 0 liw ;w111 ptuf1/1 t: 1./w]u, 1/tu]u, /Jd wlitlbfJ nJ/Utuf1: ,~o1 qbf]b- djm. li t qtu[ m: U/1{1bg/J, JlUf1U 111tuf1tuli: UtutJfJ Pnl.f1f 9f1/Jli fi{1tu q[/IJ/Jii:
g/Jft, /1 lil U/WJ6tuo bfJtuliwft t: Un, nf1.ew-o Uf1111/1u tln111 t Jln wuwtt11: q) l:!liflhwlinw~wli L1~w4wqll liwtuwl'}wumpJmOObfl, nnUJI:irt uUln-
nnqJWLO WflU1WhWJUll.J.w0 t funOwnhl.J.wo pwjnl.J., m(j~ l'}bllD. p~l.J., l:irtw-
Ut-U~UQlJ bq bf'~~UQII uUh.JU'lUUn~ilsnniLbf' liw4. dwllwliw4, J:!WJQ !nLO~ 4n04fll:illt b0pw4w. WJU~OeCi' bOpw4w0
nnLt ~l.anl.J. WflUlWhWJI.Ill.J.wO It. ~(j!Ufl:iu' =i{1bfJbli d/1 U{1tufi ftwubli: U!~f'J
l:!uut qbi'IWI')Wu w(iqwL1libn~ WD~WJnLpJwD· Owfuwr).wunLpJmQOI:ifl[!
pb.ebg/1{1, pwli/Jq 117bf11J Jbu: ftfiwwli fttuf1fJnLtl b/}, tuJli.JJtuli /Ulfffl/nuJ:
pwdwOLJ.mllM bfl~nL fullp~· tn~~wqL11.a ll~w~wqll QwfuwflwumpJnLlilibn:
UJu fullp~Q bO lliWln~wumll Ciwl.a «llWfl!l» qbflwl'}wu pw11n4.
tn~~wqL1 b£i WJ(i Qwfuwr).wumpJmQObfl[!, npn(ig nt.ObQ bn~m
4wqlll.J.wo liwfuwl'}wumpJnLQQbp[!, n(1Ulbl1 h~ZJWL pwno qmtn 6Lw-
qLfuwl.J.nl'l wlir).wllQbn· b(ipwijw L ul.l1nf1nqJWL, ~(j!llfbu' b"u /Jtl wlim;
4w0, wOnpnz ~llwu1.11 mLi~. fl(j!lllbu· lftuf1fJ lQ/1111/1'/l.filtufi/1, nf1 flf1Wli-
=ituJWU117tufi/1 Wf1~tuhtutl ptutJli btl U/J{1nttl: Ulidf1~/J f'JW!Jtuf1bg, ~ tfw-
IJ/lltlibf11J pwgqbg/Jli: g/Jg tuqtull11//1: lftu{1fJ /Jliltufi/1, /1{1bli lttuli/Jl.a WJLli:
U~w~wqL1 bO WJ(i (iwfuW'lWUnLfJJnLU(ibnn. nnn(ig ll~w41:iCiutfln[j
bQ, qLfuwl.J.nfl wQr).wll(ibfl~Q nnl.at lll:i4[! pwgw4wJmll t, ~U!lllbu' Lmuw-
gwq: Ulidf1~mtl t: 4wfitullibf11J l111f1nf1liJ." Lnbt:
UOI'}bll ll~w4wqll Owfuwl'}wunLpJmOObfl(! qmp4 bQ r).~llwl.J.nn pw-
Ut-U~UQII uUh.JU'lUUmilsnttrutf't- SbUU'-4\AiPC Jb(1~Q. WJUU1bll. !4W UUlnpnqmll, Qwfuwl'}wumpjwO Ol.aw4nl'1llw0 hpll-
. rlitllll:iU Wflr).bCi (jzl.J.bL t, ll~w4wqll Owfuwr).WUnLfJJnL(j(ibnmll pw- Ow4w0 ll~png(! hO!bflwOqwj~O wl.J.Wfll.lll.J.wOmpjmCi(j t nnnzw4fl funu-
DWJ~(j ll~2W4WJpmll: UJu fullp~ Owfuwr)wumpJmOOI:iflQ pwdwOl.J.nul
gw4wJmll t cufuwl.J.nJI W(ir).wll(ibfl~Q n11l.at lll:i4n' b(ipw4wCi 4Wll UUln·
nnqJWL[!. ~wll' bfl4nLU[! ll~wu~O. PWJQ hwqnflr).W~gmL1 lllbq~ t mQb- b(j bfl4nL fullp~· pwJw4wCi La wOl.J.wQw4wli:
(imll hwllwlllwlnwufuw(j hli!bflw(iq~ ll~2ngnl.J.: U~w~wqll liwfuwr).w- Pwjw[fwD UJOf/bd Owfuwl'}wumpJmOObnmll ql:iflwl'}wu wCirtwllO
umpjmQlibfl(! pwdwlil.J.mll bQ bpbg fullp~· 'l~llwl.J.nn ll~w4wqll, wQr).bll Wflli1WhWJll14nul t wlifl.bll J:!WJnl.J., hflllliw4wCimll wQnnn2 ql:ij'lpWJntl..
ll~w4wql] l.a J!Wil liWfuWflWUnLfJJnLlilibfl: llwuwllp Owl.a· hwf'lw4wlnwpnl.J., ~(j~bu' lfnnwliw[, tlnnwliw[ wtlbli
335
334
ftlif. Ulllilie/tli llnnwliwj, fuftplij, 1/unphllj, fUJI/1unuw[ ... llt.qpbJ., UJU{- t..utuu'lUuntraauu souua..t.trt. cus ltU:!Untraaut.
p/Jj, WJiiutiiu UJU{flbJ, np umflp hn!Jo bpplie fqqw en wt/11tnJ71J awo-
pmpJmlio: -1/ipli wlift6wb: Cutn ~wqllntpjwO' uwtuWilWUnLpjntCiOI:ip[! tf10nu1 bu llfWf1q 1.. PWJ'lll=
"'lwpq l:iu ~nt&tnul WJO uwtuwqwunLpjnLIHibfl[!, npnO.,e WJILnWhWJ-
PwJwijwO wDqbllDwfuwqwumr;.JnLODbrmll h~ll(iwijwOnt:G wpu.w-
IIInlll bO tlbij lltung I.& ntObu llbij ulllnf1nqnu1, JlOtUJim· UftpnuJ btl tlbp
hWJI.llqnul bD ~Wf1(lWI'}pnLf)jnt0, hpwdwO, gw(i~nLpJntG l& UQtli:
IJfl"/tliDO tim.q., ppbpo pftO,p, tftlfo tmub: QbfJbgft" tpllpwf1tuii1Jtufi qw;-
UliljUJliUJqUJD wOqbll uwtuwqwunLpjnLliObpft ~IMIIWU w6-
ut/1 wnwt/n111o: ilJmlio h~illbg:
llWd0 wpl.llwhwJIIIqwb t npld: w(intOnq' qnJw~wOnlf fcwu qnjw~wQw.
Pwpq bO WJU DwfuwlJ.lll:mLpJnLDiibp[!. npnllR wptnwhWJIJlnLil bO
4w0 pwnw4WU1Wl,gmpJwdp: UJU OwtuwqwunLpJnLij(jbp[! tmObu bO- dl:i~ftg wl{bLP tlUll)l:ip, bpijnL ijwtl wl{bttJ utnnpnqnulOI:irmll l& mOI:iO
pw~w I.& UlllnpnqJWt, OwtuwqwumpJnlO bO WJD,Rwlinq, nn,gwOntl_ hOtbpwQqwJftO llb~ wqWJ1111!lwampJnL0, pO!Ujbu· lllidpilo f/.UJf/.UJf1bg, il
ll~l.llJl bu Wf1111WhWJIIInul h0tbpw0qf1 dfJtngnq: uzqwb fullp~ liwfuw- bwrzft"libpo "wuwg-"wdwg pwgtfllg/tfi: llw;umgo db"Dbg hwJpliliftp,
I'}WUnLpjntOObpfJ qbpwqwu wOqwllo ~wpnq t Wf11.11WhWJI.ll&lbt. npU{buqft w;li1.11bf[ 1.11UJf1UJbl1p q/lp L Qf1UJ"UJiinLf1JnL{i, Jntuwtfnpbp /7/1
w) QnJw~wOfJ ntqqw~wli hntnlln&l- Uu Q/1ll1f1, uil hm.lbfl, u /un- dn1Jnt/f111ftli: •
11/Jp wlihwdwfl: Unnwgt/w6 lipwqlill/1. lnLlUJ01ibpJ1UJI1UJJ!UJ6: bfluwli: "'lwpq OwtuWIJ.WUnLpJnL(iCibrtQ ttlOmll bu UjWj"'q hwtlwnn111 I.&
llui.IIUJ/JjUJii 1/ln!Jng:
UIWJ1q [!OI'}Wp6w~: ·
P) 'lbpwOl{wD, qnJw4wOf1 nLflflW4wO hnlm{nq. whw l& w 1 pwnb- "'lwj"'q hwdwnn111' t WJO OwfuwqwunLpJnLU[!, n(lD ijwqlll{wO t
pntl_. Uhw tll!p ppllflo. 11/Jp qmtUJJ q.b1.11o: Uj !Jnt,R, awtut/w6 U{liwqw- llflWJO ClLtuw!lnl"' wOqwllObpftg I.& !nLOp LfiWQmtlOtp, Oflpuwq· iJUJtibp!J
u
1bqlibp: Uhw u /Ju, whw u qm, 1uhw I.Pwpftqt! ·wdbliw1.11bu.•. bwrz"b' ali: lllidpLo qwqwpbg: uw Pdftl" t: "'lwnrt noqwf1tlw~ t w16
q) Sqw~wO~. qnJwijuiO~ ijwlilw~gnLpJWilp' 1920 fJ/11/: f9f5 fJ/11/: OwtuWilWUnLpJnLOQ, nrtll ~wqllmtl, pwgp qttuwqn(l WUI}WilOI:iflpg,
0:
ll"'f1ftl/t 24: hbfiRUUJ"UJii DUJDUJUnthftliq. P/11/: ijwO Owl.& wwgntllObfl, OrtflOw~· rJJwp111bqnul t/Wf1f1/ pwgtfbt: Pbfi.PUJ-
ll) ~ntwijwlinq - {jUJll/nJ. j1.11 UJfJpftq, w"wpft m. "UJfJ/1 ll/DU hnq./1- . hwt/UJJ}O u"ut/nul t w;liwtio: bu uftpmtl btl tlpfilWfiO fnwbfJbli:
/Nit/: Uwjp /111 wliml nJ. wfiq./10... 'Lwtuwqwuntf)JWU qLtuwllnfl w01J.wllCibpO bO bOpw~wO I.& Ullln-
b) Pwpbllwllf)wO,gDbpnq, llntbpm{, 1.11Wf1pbf1 pOmJpfl wDl{wOntllOb- fl"ClJWLD. nrmOgpg Jnt(lw.,ewO!JnLP(l hwllwUJWIJlwutuwOwpwp mOp Pl'l
f1n4 - Pwp/1 ·tfwliW"'Wflh: Pwpft Q/tlbp: COnphwt/np lmpi.IIUJflft: ~PwpiJ U'lwgnulubpo:
qwtJm.pJmfi• "WJwpwfi: I.PwR.p Uu1.116n: BI.IIIJum.pJmli: h.JWfJUlfJnJ.PJnL 7i:
ot.rau~u. uru ursu=tuasn~raantt.c
PUn-lJUiuU'lUUOtBaOtulJbr liOpw~wO Owtuw1J.WUntpJw0 WJO ClLtuw!lnp wOqwllO t, np[! lljl
pwO t ~WIIIW(Imtl ~WilLtJOmll I.& nJ1pO u1.11nrmqtlwO llfl2ngnq qbnwq[!fl-
Pwn-DwfuwqwumpJmOn hfld6w~w0ntll W(liiiWhWJI.ll!lmll t UlW- qmll t n111.&t qnf16nqnLPJnt0 l{wll hwtn~wOp2: bupw~wri tlpz111 hwulJ.bu
I.llWutuwOw~wO pwnbrmll ~wd l{bpwpbpw~wDDbpnq I.& DlilWUI.llntll t qwtflu IJ.Illlwl{np pwJil hb111 I.& llfl!lnul t nLI'J.rtW~wO hntntl.n&l:
tunugp ubqdntpJwllO m hw~ppCSntpJntO[!, hWUIIIWI.llntll, cttu111nul ~wll blipwijwO wptnwhWJLnqmll t 111Wppbf1 tunu.,ep llwubpn!l.
bpt,pwJw~wO qbpwpbfldnLO,R lli'IUI.&nrtmll hw11nf11l&ln11 tunuRfl Ot,wlll- U. qnJw~wOntl. - iTJwp111bqmd t/Wf1!J t pwgt/bt: Oftbbnliw"o pmjli
ll~tlp, llDt.Uibu' llJUDfllliJ"fim·d IJu: lljn:· Ut/UJf11.11bj IJu UJl/uUJ111UJiiJ}fJ. t ;/tfimtl: llliwh/71.110 nwwlinqmh/1 t; .
n,.. ~ftlnt if bu hnp!J: ftltwp"b; /.,pwti lilipn i.tJ/1: bppiJ): P. 'lbJ1wOndiObf1ntl- bu /111 wlim; ~UJJWUII1UJii/7 UJflilwhwtJ pwn{i
C!u1.11 Wflll1WhWji.11WO ~llWUI.llfl' pwn-OwfuwqwuntpjntOObpo Lfl- bd uftpmtl: UhliR dq.111nuJ bli12 UJQUJ1.11nLf1JUJii: 11m. ut/1U1/1 hli!lw, hfilliu
Ontll l:iO hwu1.11w111w~wO, cttu111w~wCi, hwpgw~wo, bfl~PWJw~wO, hnp- hwfJpUJ"u.i ti: Ujmup npunpq llt/ftli /fl: n, nJ} !Q/1111bf1 WJf/. tlwuftli: ?w
l'}llrtwqwll I.& wnD: tipw t/bflpftli junupli lp:
336 337
tl. <l>nfuwCiqwCiwpwp qnpowaqwo waw~wuGbpm{. ptlw4wuuo-
fl!1t.l_, llll~pwJlitipm.f. q/;qbg/fqo hwtfbt/1 t: fltdbqo d/l;tn hwqpmd t Pnt;- QwtuWI}WUnLpjntOCibpntll IJOIJ./1~ pdft;q, hftliq pwobf10 Ul.llnpnqbL~W
t/1fi: bpqmuO lL hwJ bO, mObO d/1 hwtfwm: llw.nq/fqObp/1 dbq bppnp!Jq ~WU l{bf1W'l~f1 bO, ~u4 toctw01lw4 pwn:f umnnnqbt~w4w0 hwuq.mJg:
c1wOpwqmJ0 ew;ft lftOC· Swuo h/lfiq/lftpqliwUfwtnftqli t: ::twqpnqlibp/Jg PwrtWilllJWL ul.llnpnqJWL bu Ltwqt1nul Owl& qnJw4wO~ pbg hntn·
bp"pnpiJo dbp hWJpbOwqftgO tp: lltfwqliJo lLnliftmwpbpeO tp: lfliw- qw6L&bnntJ., ~Oil4bu· Pwdwqo plijft t: bnpwqwnm1g l~UJ!D lllm./1/lg t:
f/UJ6o Ufbwp t UJI/UJfJU1bf1 dbq wdunuJ: bpw m.qw6o ;wtn eftl pwO tp: Jlwhwliwli dnpmpnl/ t: .
tpqnrw dbp hwpLwOpmqwli lp: Pbdwqpnqo fi;wliwtfnp wpl{butnw- Pwnwfl(lJWL umnpnqJWL bO 4wqll~nLil Owl& l{bnwgw~wo PWJI:ifl~
(Jbtn l:
llf12ngnt.l. flOitqbu' Updwlio nwwlinq IJWf1dwq: llUJf/.WJ!O U0/1 /jnJI/bg:
,b) NiguwOqw(inqwpwp qnnawoqwo U:JL funuJ?~ ilwubpnq, 110!- eompmpJmOlibpo [DIJJWt hwdwpi/IIg/10: L2t.lw6 op~uw40bpnu1 fJUJn~
l..ql:iu «PU!Jfi»·D hwllwl}wuwlfw(j zwqqwtq t, ~u4 fftJliUf/1»-0 qUJUj t: /iUJ[, qntl/b[, hwdwptfbt pWjb(lO l{b(lwgw4w0 pWjbp bO t.. hWOI}bu bO
''J.UJlifJUJI]»iJ. 64~ llwlfpwJ t:
qWL~U umnpnqbtflw4w0 hwO,ntJ9f1L4W2UlnOnl{:
PWrtWI}(lJWL Ul.llnpnq.JWL b(i 4wqtl~nlll w04wtu l}b(lpWjObpnq,
usnrnt+aut.SbUU4Ltr~ ~Otl4bu' fld gwliqmpJmlio hwqpbfli t: 1wJIIPO fUJt/ dwpmOJnq lili:
fltuwOnqo hm.qqw6 t:
UmnpnqJWUJ (iwfuwi}WUnLpjw(j WJU Q.tfuwqnn WUI}Wtlu t. nno Opn2 LbqqwpwOObp wOnpn2 l}bflpWJ~ l.t ll~llwt.lnn PWJ~ ll~wuOw
QnLJQ t lnWL~u bOpwltwJ~ 4wmwpwo qnpbnrtmpJnLU(!, wnmwhwJ- pwp qnpow6nLpJnLOO hwllwnbL bO PWilll ul.llnpnqJWL, op~Owlt· bw m-
mnul t bupwqwJ~ hwmqwliflzo L. WJO tJ.bnwqpmll blipw~wJflu: Umn- qmd t 1/wqb[." t;u uftpmd bd qwp1JWL4 WJLU, ll~Otrtbn WJU hwpgnulLtw-
pnqJwlO wnmwhwJtnqnul t PWJ~ llflllwqnp dl.&bnnt.l L. WJU wnnu1mt pbL~ t OUI}ntObtfl hwllwpbL l!. UuwmpjwOfl WJO llnmbgnulo. nn
Ollwu
ll(lullnpnul Owl& PWJ~ llrtw(iw~fl. ctwllwfiw4f1. llllllS?fl in pq~ J?bpw4w- ~wtqw4gntpJnL00b(lnLil wOgnqwLtwO pwJbp~g 4wful{wo wOnnn2 llbf1-
Ow4wu 4wpqbn:
pwJD Ltwf1bL~ t hw·a·w(lbL mrt~'l fu0'l~f1, ~u4 wOwOgnrtwLtwO pwJbpflg
l!wqtlmpJwllp umnnnqJWUl L~finul t ~..qwpq 4 PWrtWilJlJWL: 'TJwpq ~wtul{wo wOnpn2 l}bppwm· wfintrtrtwlt~ tuOfl~f1. ~OtlLJbu' uw uppmd t
t WJO umnpnqJWL{!, nf1G wnmwhwJmqwo t funGwphijwo pw1nq: U;u bpqbt: Qptnliwqwlio zwpmliwqmd t mumdliwuftpbf (mrt~'l fuOfl~(lGbp),
UlnnpnqJWL£! qn1qnul t uwl.& PWJW4wfi UlnOf'lOQ.JWL, ~fiitqbu' lntj/J{] ~u~ ?pdn(11J0 dqtnmd t oliqmOt/IIL hUJdUJfUUJfiUJli: Sqw(i Ju,muwt/mtd lp
dbolinuJ tp, opo, dpOnuJ: ?nt Ul/ltn/1 6-wqqbu, bpq/1{1 hw pwqw0 m pp oliqbplibp/10 hwlifJ/IUIIItmg: t;u tfwJublimd tplipwli mbulibf Owfuw-
1
U//ltn/1 hli;bu /lliJUfbu hwqpwqwO: 'J.wpd/1/7 /llid dnw, 1/bpUJfJUJpdftp l}wuntpJndiObpmll wunpnz l}b(lpWJ(! w0ntrtrtw4~ fuOflflf'l t:
IJnL linppg: fit twg tp t/llimd mn/l{r UI/JJD hwnwo- [wgnq ppbpftli:
'IJUinlJIII f QUJJ/IU 1/lUUIIJ mftpmhftO:
buraul.fua~ t~ usnranqaUL~ =tUUUQUal.tntraantul:!
PwrtWil(lJWL umnpnqJWLO qwqllijnul t llfltlwt.fnf'l PWJnt.l L. npL.t
WJl funu9~ llwunq, WJO 4n.fqnu1 t Owl& w(iqwOwpWJw4wO: ~WJb(lbOmll b0pw4w0 4 umnpnqJWtD hw&lw~wJOnuJ bO 1\b&lQoq 4
PwrtWilf1JWL ul.llnrmq.Jwl(j nLu~ bp4m h~lluwqwG PWrtWilf'lflf 'qnll,: bpb bOpwLtwO Wf1U1WhWJI.ll~wo t w060wltwG l}bpwOnLOnq,
uumpnqbtflw4wri ijbpwl}~f1 L. hwliqmjg: U111npnqbL~w~wli qbnwllfllll! umnpnqJWLll hwllw6wJOmil t w060w~w0 flbpwOl{wO l}bllS?~O. ~Ot
4wll Ul.llnpnqbL~fi hw111~w0~2 Wf1111Whwjmnq qwtl npL.t t.l~6w~ gmjg aqbu' tu qqwd, Is IJnL /llid 1/oOqmli/Ju qpqwpwg: 'Jm Uf/11.11/1 bpq./Ju, bp·
Ult.fnrt PWQ(i t. nn W(IUlWhWjl.llqnul t Q.OJW4UJ0nt.f, WOWlfwijnq, pl{w· qbu UJUfJUJfJUJf1: 1m J!Uif/.fiP bu, /ld hn'q hUJjpb0/1: llw J!UIJ[nLd t, J!UIJ-
4wunt.l ltwll WJL tunu9~ llwubpnl{. ~u~ hwCiqmJg£! ul.llnpnqt.lnrt hwm- fntd UIUIJUIIJUip:
4wuf120 bupw4wJ~0 ~bpwqnnrt PWrtWilfl~iO t. npO wplllwhwJml{mtl t t;pb Owfuwl}wumpJwO llb2 ~wO pwqtlw~~ b0pw4w0bp, L. flf1WOJ?
octwullw4 L. ~bpwgwqwo pwJbrmq: UJutqbu' tnbpLo IJDIJ/1/i t: lJwnbpo U'IWppbp flbllJ?bpfl b(i, WL4W UlllOilOQJUIL(! hWilW~WjOntll t (}ULn fununrt-
"w0w1 bli: Upwdo pdftz[j t: bpw oliq/ipObp/1 P/lt/o h/IOqO t: u ~wo
338 2 Obp~ l}~llwJ~O-hwrtnpl}w4gw4wO qbfiWI}WUnLPJWO, ~Ju~090' l}bllJ?n~
WllbOwllnl.ll~O. WllW2f1(i l}bil~ b(ipW4WJ~ WllltWJOLpjwQ I}Dl4S?nLil
339
ut.n~rmqJWL[! 'lflll.mll t wnw2p(i flbll!!n4.. Oflpfiw~· bu. !Jfll t., Ow u;w;- LUtuU'lUUntraSUL tl'liPnr''lUlo~UL UL'lUUUtl"
uwui.J.il/nptj!Jgj70p, j"wl~ bpb wnw2pG llMP[! pwgw~wjnul t, bfl~flnpr, L.
il!lf111fl'1 l)hOlJbr.ll bGpw~w(ibflp 'lbUJpmu Ulilnf1nqJWL[! hwllwOwJGnul t Pwgp uwtuW'lWUnLpJWO Q.ttuwt.l.nn WUijWUObnpg, Qwtuwrtw-
b!'l~fl"fl'l 'lt:illpjl ht:iU'l, tJCiil!./bu' l)nt I.J. pn IIfJPWJf1lJ tfwuuwqg!J{m lip WJIJ UnLPJWO 4wqllmll trOmll bQ OwL. unwOg LllWgOnrt w(iijwllObn' LllW-
Jpgnu.JO!Jpf7u. uzl[wo llb~ptiflnul ull1nrmqJWLO lltl2lll 'lt14.mll t hnq.Gw- gmllObn 4wll bn4nnnllw4w0 wOflwllObn! nnn(ip L. pnbOg hbnppu 4w-
~~ p4_n4_: l:iGf)w(~WJP L. Ulllll[inq.JWLP P4.WJp(j hwlluJt'IWJ(inLI'JjnL(i[! hw!lb- pnl'l. b(i mubOwt hwllWutWUlWutuwQ LllWgllw(j LllWgmllQbn:
UWIIIWPWil w(iljw(in[i t. ~w(j nrnzw4tJ zbrJ.mll(ibn: Cutrl [!(i'lm(i4_w6 'Lwtuw'lwumpJwO bn4nnnllw4wO wuijwllObno 4wll UlwgmllObnl:!
~wflqp· bqw4p t;Opwl.jwJp hbtn ULilnpnqJWL[! 'lflt.lnul t bqw4jl ~4nt.f pwdwOt!mll bQ bn4m tullpp' ~nJw4wfiw4wli wliflwllf'l 4wll bGpw4wJf'l
Uuopuu tlwtznull: Op£! tlpulig: Slif1uu IJ.Otzunul t: ,nq.Ow4~ b(ittw4w)(1 · tnwgnLllGbn u pwJw4wfi wGflwllp 4wll uumpn~JWL,.. LJ1WgmllGbn:
hDUl ut11nr:nq)WL(} 'lfl~nul t hnq0w4p ~4.n4.' Utl!l/bf1u fl.WU.'J!..lHJ zw,rid-
t/mtl bO: Q;mtzwgf70bf1f! pb[1pli0 hwtfwpnul: qnaU4U'LU4U'L U'L'lUUJ"I (t'LfaU4USJ"I) Lrusntuutr
,w4_w,pw~w(i qn;w~w(i(ibfl[!, nfl{lW(i tt p•,wuUlnl( hnq(iw4tJ b(i,
WJOmwub(iwJ(itnl. pbflw4wGw~w(i wnmlln4. bqw~p b(i L. [!UUl w 1111r qnJw4wOw4wO wOflwllp tnwgmllObno LnwgOmll, utwnqwpw-
Omll b(j "! llpWJU b(ipw4wJp, WJLL. q.nJW4wun4. WlllllWhWJlll4.w0 nnL.t
'ltlllw4.nfl pww 'lflw(ig hbUl 'll14.mu t bqw~p p4.mt. tJO!l!./bu · Pwuw"o
2W(1dt/mtl/f11J.WUIJWI].' dntznt/nt{1l)Q puwtJ/(1, t/li(1pWLl/bU W(1puwgwtf: llb4 WJL wOflwllp lltllllp[!, gnLJg lllWLpu, llwlllOwOzmll OnwOg nnw4w-
b{ljllnwuwp!Jmp;m uu Ll/WJPWf1nt t1 l hwumu wawpw!J.fttlmp;wu: 4wu L. pwOw4w4wO lllwnpbn hwlll4w0pzubn[!:
uz4.w6 'lbUJ!lbflnll~ (i4wUlbttJ b(i n11nz zbrtmll(ibfl, bnp b(ipw~WJP L. Culll tnwgllwO hwlll4wupzubnr· onwup trOmll b(i npn2r1. hwlll-
~wgmgr1 L. pwgwhwJinP!:
UUln[lnq.JWLP pl{wJp(i hwllwow)Cinq::~jmG[! 4wU1Wfl4.mll t n! pb b(ipw-
~WJP .P0f1W4W(iw4w(i p4_n4_, WJL (jflW WflUlWhW)UlWO !'lllWUUl(ibfln4_,
WJutJOg(i· uUlnflnq)WL[! !ll14.mll t hnq(iw~p p4.n4.. p(jiUJbu' PwqtlmpJm-
nrncr~. t.ru ursu~ussntesntt.C!
uu fun/Jwf1ht/bgj70 tl/IOti.J q1Ill7j70: UzjuwUJwt/nf1mp;muu ftf1li0g hwu- nnnzf'IH! b0pw4wJp 4wll q.nJw4w£in4_ WlllllWhW)lll4,W0 nnL.t wQ-
qj7uUJu wug IIO "wg0nu1 pump;wu Qf1"mtl: IlWllp WJO tnwgmllQ t. nno QnLJQ t UlWLPU llltUWL wnwn4wJf'l, wQOp
U)u pflnrJ.nLPJnLO[! hwU14w~bu (i4wUlbLP t llp llwuo. llb6 llwuo (wDwn4wJwg4_wO hwu4wgmpJwO) nnw4o. huJlll4wupz[!, !Wlfl[!, pw-
pwnw4wUJw4gmp)mGObntJ 'lbuwmll, p(i!l4bu· UfuWJUlifl/1 tlbtJ tlwuo Ow41:! u utWlllwutuwOmll t f'IG!~puf'l·, n·n. nn.Rw·o, pG!Pw·o, n·nb-
mtztzwqf1w"wo IJO: Uuhwu"wOwt/7 hwf1gbf1/J tl/J tlwuu Ll/Wf1Qt/bgj70: nnnfl, ,RwGf'l.bpnnq hwngbnro:
,wllwOwJ(impJwO (illwQ brJ.w(iwLm ~nil(mu t pw4wnnLpJmU nnnztJ![j Wf1UlWhWjlll4_mll t UlWilPDil tunupp llwubnn4_, hwlll4W-
(pw4 wnObt 02w[iw4mll t wfiUlbubt. hwz4.tl !Wnubt): lqbu hwlll4w0pz pllwulll wnlllwhw)lllnrt pwnwtullpbnn4.:
PwrtW'lllJWL UUlnnnq.JWLP 'lbl4pmll L.u uUlnrmq.bttJ[j l.t uUlnr.nqb- w. U6w4wl:intt. nnnz!n l4W2llln0n4. hwQijbU bu Q.WLPU L.' nnw4w-
ttlw4wu 4.bnw'ltJilu mub(i P4.WJp(i hwllwawJ(impJm(i, tJO!Ujbu' U{1WU[J 4wu, L.' hwnwpbnw4w0 w0w4wuObno. nO!utbu' lJiif1 h/10 uwqj7 n!J-
muwuntz l: tJwtz/I"OIIf1tJ qiitziigft" liu: Uw~wJu wJu 1lbl4pmll 4wnnrt b(i pwuljwq, fWgw"mtlwrJ JWf10 ttl uftf1nul: (/)11J!flftfl U11JWU juwf]mtllf1
ttJubt (iwL. n11n2 qmqwaL.mpJmuubfl, tJu!l4bu· !Ompw"u b unjuw"n q.liqbgftf/ m rJwowqUJf1fJ Ll/Wf1U1liqnul: ~linl/ftg bf1umtllj70 f/wf1f/UJfUJ-
pntmO IIO I.J. !Ompw"l! [., unjuw"[J pnJnt00bf1 bu: lfliup qft0t/n{1 fJWf1dwup u
hnu l/U7W"[J q.bqligft{j, f/wliUJfUJQUJf1fJ pfnLf1Ubf1: Of1ftnf1fJU WJUOf1 w-
L. UIIOp qj70t/nf10IIf11J.Wf1dwup: "'mp hlif1nu lip [., "'mp hl:if1nu0lif1lip: 1/lit/1 q.bqligftfl 1(1, wl/btft htlWJft!: lfn{1tlnpmtllf1 UJUU11/UJ6UJJ/1fi 4ntlft-
tpb bupw4wu WfllllWhWJU14.wO t u, ll 'ltJllnnnz hn'lbnn4.. ullln- u
U1WU[f.' IJWU7Ub(1/1 Wf1WUpnLtl quqwgumtl/(1 UJ{1fJUJpb nu{jb fJf1WU-
nnq.JWLO 'll14.ntll t hnq.Ow4tJ p4_n4.' Utl!JO ll1lJJJJ dbf1 wuwtJO lip wumtl: UDf1.' !Jftlil/n{lwf/wfi "Wf1QWUjwhmpJmO[J pwljw"wuftu Ju/1uU7l:
Pntnf1u fttlwgwup WJIJ tlwuj70: p. ta~w4wl:i wGt!wllp wnlllwhw)Ulw6 nnnztlm gnLJg t lllWLPU q.n-
Jw4w0 w011wllp PPt!n. p4.wJpO 4wnq.[!, pwuw4o L. wnlllwhwJlll4.mll t
340 341
uWfuWil.WUnLpjWO tlb2 hWUlljWQnLQ~i(! tl~zUl lll1t!nLt1 t ubnw~w(i
pt.i.w4wu~ pntnfi lllbuw~GbnmL ~G1L4bu' Gf7/jnt oli/tlif7U/if7 /1!1/1/tuwl.i/w- hntnt!nt! ll Wl1lllWhWJUlnLtl t.
h/lu quwgftu wumwn: :;u;qwf7 zlil/lnp hu11iu pmz WJu wnwtfmn: Ut11 w. Umwgw~wlimpJnLfi, UIWlll~wfibtnLPJnLfi- ~- Slif7JWti/1 pwnw-
fUWflWUfl q.mliqnuJ t fn{1{1nf71J hwpqml1: 3mr,wpwlifJnLf7/1U pwdwOtjlig /jli{11.11ntpfmutilif70 hi1WJ/11 !J(j; QjnLIJWg/1 ~U111pnjj1 ll1nLUO /jn/11/ f{1 OU-
Df7bpw/jwti hw{1g: /j/if; flwwtinrztili{1/1 U/WI.I1wujuwtio qnhwgmg/11 t{1:
q. 'lbpwfimfiubrmt! - Swf7/1tilif7 /Jti wtiglit wJti Of7t/wtij1g: UJll p. Ubpnul, Owqnul - Pwljmug/1 U/Wll1ilt/wo_ptilif70 hmq/71 liti:
I1Wf7110 PWfl/1 t nL /111WU1.11mti: flp li{1/jf7/1 Uf7tnnLI1 pwjuj1o ljw Wjtipwti: Bwqwt/nfl/1 !J.nLUll1f70 hl1wJ/11 l{1: ~wt//1 tfmmo !J.Iirztiwljmmg t:
UJUU//lU/1 Of7/if7 t/wrzmg /i{j wuglit: vw q/1tnli{1 pn[n{II1Wti{1wl1wutili{11J.' q. Ullwpljw, np~g wowficl0wgqnu1, qbpg:{nul t d~ dwuo (llwu-
brzti/1/to wl1pnqp 11w{1t1tint/ !Jnrzml1 t{1: fiwljwG ubnw~wG) - fltuwunqubp/1 11/1 11wuo 11/iljtilig: Ujqnt ljliuo
I'J.. qnJw~w(j~ ll1WI1Pbl1 hnLnqw~l&bl1nL{. qnJw~wOo n11n21~ L4W2- U/Uilf1/jwtiml1 lf7 hw{1bwtij1u: ~wg/7 /jU1npo 1nf1lf1:
U1n0nt! 4w11n11 t hWUrJbU qw1 t;Gg.llbU nLf1fJI1, WJUUjbu l& f:ibj! hnln- !J.. UDWfi~W, n11~9 PWI\~WGnLd ~wl1 ~wqllqnLI1 t db~ WJL WDWfi-
~wlll.ibnm{. ~O!Ujbu' Pdftzlt Uf7wi11J pwf7lifu/1rzlf t: fltpg/1 pliJO hwlflit/1 t: ~W {OJmp~ ubnw~wG) - Bnpbu/7 wuntf70 pwf7tl l{1: Upowp/7 pwdwlto
'JwzUI/1 owrzftlt!! hnli1Wt/lill1 t: Urzp/1/t!! hwqlit l[lfp/1g 2f1PUJqqlium: U/j- U/Uill1/jlif7wqw{1fJ. t: ~ntl/1 plifD !J./ldwgljmti t:
tingnt/ I1Wf7!JO l)wuwfunu t: flwmg/71u uj1{1nul t jutidnpnt/ mnJilw fA b. UJO lllbi\D la. dwllwfiw~n. np~ uwhllwfifibpmd ~w db~ wn w-
l/lwfut wt/w: DWI"~W - :JI1owu g{11.11lif70 wtimwtilitftliti: lllif7 w}qm owDbf7D plif7pw-
b. =lw11w~wmw11. bOpw~wJw~wO I'J.bi1PWJGbl1mt l& wGn11n2 I'J.bi1- UJnt /i(j; 'JUIJI.I1b{l/1 nt UUJ{Ibfl/1 OW!]/1/jlili{10 hnll1wt/lill1 /i(j; b{1/ijuwli
PWJP ubnwljwO hnLmtw~llnt!. tJG1Ujbu' ~wtiqwo /jf7WitD wumj11fwtiw- jutllig pwdwlt/1 hJntp!J: U11woqw znqo !J.ntf7liltwti t:
pwf7 z/1/jwumd t{1: <Pwnwpwtit/ntd t U/Uitnli{1wqtlml1 qnhqwo hli{1nu-
tili{1/1 hftzwtnw/to: vw ll1/1f7np1J uwJmtl l{1 _potinq hwJwgpm/: 4wpfJw- PU8U~U3St'~. uPU St:;UUltul:iPC!
gnrz ilWfl!J/1/t qpwqlim liti t/ltimtl: Unt/n{11i[nt li1Wf7/1tilipj1u tiw tl/lzm
pwf71i/u/1rzlf t11: 4UJf7f/.Wfnt qf7plif7 zwm ljwti: PwgwhWJlll~U! bGpw~WJ~ ~wtl qnJw~wGw~wO wOI'}.wtl~ WJO
q. Pwnw~w~w~gmpjwllp " liJmfu owtlli{1nt/. 11/imwpu/i {!Wf7W/j li1WQmll0 t, 0110 gnljg t UlWLPU qnjw~wOnq ~wtl QOJW4WG~G hWI1W-
qqliumllli{1nt/ wrzpj1/jtili{11J tiwqwli_pnt/ ll/W{1nLI1 t/lti: Uwqo bp/jUJfl, jub[- pbi1W~~g n11l&t llb11wGqwt1p Wl1lllWhWjlllqW0 n11l&t wOijwtl~ nq ljwtl
RD /jwptf lt/lti l{1 U{1nwo: '1JwU1Iiflwqtlj111wuj1u hwrznf7!J.nttlo gtiglig pntn- ~G! t~GbL(!:
{1/lti: PwgwhWJUl~H! OwtuWilWUnLPJWG tlb2 Ol1l&t WllWI14W QnLJQ Ult!OI'J.
dwtlwGwljwlj~g hwJbl1bGmt1 n11n2~10 "11"2JWL~ hblll !~ hwtlw~wJ wOijwtl~ ~11~0mpjm00 t tlblj WJL pwnnq ~wtl pwnwljwUjwljgmpJwllp,
fimtl ll unttni1WPWI1 I'J.I1t!mt1 t "11"2JWL~9 wnw2. ~ulj wnwG~~(j llbl4.Rb- WJO 4WI101'J. t L~ObL OwfuwijWUnLpjWO gwG~wgwO WUI'}.Wtl~ LI1WQnLt1 l&
11nLl1, tlwuGwt!ni1WL4bu qbi'J.W11tlbumwljw0 q11w~wGmpJwO t1b2 WJO ljw- UjWUlwutuwOmtl t GmJO wGijwtl~G lll11tlni'J. hw11g~G:
11"'1. t L~ObL Owl& bUlwl'}.wu· n6'wljw0, WI1UlWhWJUl!W~wO QUjwUlwlj0b- PwgwhWJUl~1~ UjW2Uln0nq ljWI101'J. t:;(j hwOijbU QWL qnjwljwOGb-
11"t!· ~G!L4bu' U/1{1nuJ lid liu lipljj1tip1J 11mq, pf7lif7o pftup, t/ltfo [ntub: 110 l& qnJw4wOwpwl1 qn110wOqwO WJL pwnb11 ll wnwi14WJW0~2 I'J.bl1w-
Om00bl1[!. ~O!Ujbu' bf7bwlio · =lwfwumwtij111wJf7UIJJWIJWRO. mm!Jwzlili
~USYUSmS,~ t: v{1wtip · lnf7f7nf7!J ltmf7u/1 nwwlinqlilif70, U/Wf71.11Wtfwtiwl /iii: Uqp/1/to
uftf7nttl lf7 qmJtiqqmJti' 6wfJitWI/f111 nt ;bpmwt/nf7znf7!1fl:
=lwm~wgmg~!ll bGpw~wJ~ ljwtl qnjw~wGnq WI1U1WhWJUlqwO Unt!ni1WPWI1 UlWI1Pb11w~mt1 bG pwgwhWJUl~1~ b11b9 Ulbuwlj' pmG
llb~ WJL WOijwtl~ WjGUj~U~ L11WQnLl1 t. "11 QnLjg t lllWL~U UjWUl~wOb (unqn11w~wu), tlwufiw~w(i ll dwufiwqnpnq ~wllUIWfiWQWJw~wO:
LnLpjmO, t!b11wpbpnul, ub11mt1, Owqmtl ll UjWUlwutuwGnul t n·Ld, PntO pwgwhwJlll~H! wtlpni'J.2nLPJWtlp L4WI1QWpw0mt1, huUlw-
~·o!~ hw11gb11~o: . ~bgGnul t pwgwhWJUl~f~ tmpJnLG[!, 011w nq ljwtl ~01 L~ObL[! ll ~WI10I'J.
343
342
t LiJflU1WhWJU1lJ.bL pO~llltlU WllWU~~(i pwnbpnlJ., WJUll!bU u pwnwljw. UnLtnpwpwn IIlW(lpbrunqtl,nul t fiwlt llwufiuutnpnrt l.jwo ll.jwpw-
lllwqgmpJntlHib(lm{. ~Otll!bU' Uznmo. 1!0l;IJ{1U, /llnumnuJOwJ/1 pw0w- !lWlW~wu puJgwhwJIIl~iQ , npo hfltlOw~wunul tlhpwpbnnu~ t U'lbl'\fll..
95
ullf1 t: flw./J.fJ/tO. hwj I.Jillii]WlJf!WI/fl{1 U/f.Ulf1UUJl/ftutUJUWU[1, /.tW{1ifUJtr~[J :twllw0w4p lliW!lwqwOI:ipflCJ: UJu L(lwgnulo wl{l:itn ~nli4pb111wgOma m
l;;wOp m.Obgwlj: ltw' hw;ng wz/uwf1hft r.nwqwOf}wl/np Of.;W/1/111!. ffw- npn2w~r t fl.wpMnttl qnp6nrtmJ'IJWU 4w111wptlwu I.IlDI'\[!. ctwawuwLur
Owtl/Wfi t Owi.l nqp wz/uw{1hnu1: -7w;IJ{1liUf/ wnwpf/li m umgf/fiJ · Utw- lJwufiwt!npnrt t.qwpwqWJW4w0 pwgwhwjlll~i[! nil pwgwhW}IllJU!lfl
{1ntll Uwzumgo. oOI/fil t SwrmOnuJ: hblll unttnpwpwp ill hwllw6wJfmul n l ptl.nLt. nz.hnlnLtnlJ., flO!ll!bu' lf/1
Pmu pwgwhWJI11~i!J uwtuWflWUnL~JWU Uh2 4wnnn t U1W(1f:!bn wOqwd lL·zwm li1Wf1ftubf1k.'I1Wp, ffnOtwg w;om f!nLOlJ' -7wufiwhwtfw-
WUflWIHib(l~ wwgObL (b0pw4w. UUlO(lnq.bL~. nnnztl!. hw1Il4wgmg~1. PIJ V1bqft muligwl/ ftliuo{1f/g !ii:ilfln · dwtlo 6-ftu, hf1WIJIWf1wftmt1' wu-
tufill~llfibp u wn£i}: Onpliw4 · Vwf1mftrmu Uw{1;wOo · U1t.JHtWOfJwl/nfl mflliwliubf1ft l/f7w:
p0w0l;wf1fttl!. q.m;Obf1ft tlbfi I/Wf1U/Ulf1 t: U{1tlb0ft' tlbf1 i wt,.'wqm;IJ [J0-
ftbf1np qbf.;mgmtlo hbV1wRf1Rf1ftf1 l{1: tJqpf/f.;IJ uftf1mtl l11 qnuOqqm;O ·
f.;wf1tlft{1, UU/flU1W/.t, fJUQ/10 tlb/uwf.;Ob{l: flwmgftliJ hw{1q.mtl f /1{1[Wl/W-
Q.nlj0 w;wftbf1wObf1ftO · U{1tlwOftO, Uznmf/0, =iwutlftf.;ftO: PwJw4wli wuqwllp LllWgmtlubn wOttwO U'IW~ unLtnnwpwf1 04w-
PntO pwgwhWJUl~!Q up2111 hwtlwilwJOnul t Pfl pwgwhWJIIlJWL~ ll'l~ bO mubgbL UU1n(1nQ.JWLn LflWQOI.OUb(1(!, PWJ9 ,pwup np tuur.npGbf\ lt
hb111 l}tnl.gmt. p4nll. L. hntnlJ.nll,. tlO!ll!bu' UbOp uftf1nlll bUR llbfl dw;pw- U,Wf1wq.wlil:ip 4wrnrt bu wnObL Owi.A pwJjl wOI}btl Cli.AI:ino. nnnu.~t uw-
RWIJWRI! · t{1uwOo: UbOp hf/wOmtl tOe llbfl tlUJJf1WJlWIJWRnl/ · tlf1Lw- luwqwumpJwu llb2 hwfil}tu bli Q.WLflu zwflwh]muu•t,wu UlW('Ipbfl
Onlj: lt{1W0Jl qnh 1;0 ftf1bUg mumgft!Ob{1ftg' mftlt/10 Uuwmp;wOflg, llfWzmnlilil:ipnlJ., mutnfl UflwO,p (!OflhWOflWL4bU pwJw4wO wUI}Will1
ij_UJf1fJWO;wOftg u =iwl;np;wOftg: •Jme · m uw0nqlibf1fJ, lJIW{Itflwl/n{1 lip lfiWQmliubp bO:
l wl/ unl/nf1bt: Uwlll/bLft ubfJ;wl;mtl hwl/wel/lii lf/IJ dwtlwOwl;ft OzwOw- PwJw~wO wOflwup LnwgnulUbJl bu tuOll~PCibfll:i m lliWilWqwubp(]:
1/nfl fJbtlpbf11! · Vmzbqo, UbuflniJitJ i.l Uwt11/liJ1!:
PmO pwgwhwJIIlPW d~2111 llflll.nttl t blllwflwu t.. unll,npwpwp
Ulflnhll,md pmpnll,, ru4 OuJtuWflWUntjtjWU llJnLU WUI}Willibppg wu-
{!WIIlll,nul t u1Ilnnw4b1Iln~. fili2lllbu • G{1i.lwOo · =iw;wuwwOfl tlwJf1WJ1W· tuOI}pj"'Ubpo PWJW4w0 wOI'}wO~ WJO fflWgnuHibnO bO. nrmu.P gmjg
f]WJll!, 0{1bgo{1 wffnttll m p~u(Jqwl/wffnul: bO U'IWLPU bOpwlJwJn q.np6nnmpJwO hl:i111 4wll!Ltwo ~wu WJfl qnn6n· ·
UwuOwqwO pwgwhWJLn~W. ~ t.rlW!lPbpmpJmfi pmO pwgwhwJ· ll.nLpJWO[! llwuOw~gn11 wnwn4wObJl[l, nrmOp hMOw4w0nul LUWJGU.:li!u·
IIlpfp. pwgwhWJIIlJWL~ hbLn qw~Ltnul t n(111./bu, ftpflu, ftOtutbu 4wUJb· ~npltw6 b(i pWJP ubop pbLWil!lWligm{: Cw.n WJil'.r tuOf1)1p{jhp[l pwd'u..<l:i·
f1n4 t.. pwgwhWJIIlJWLP OzwOw4mpJmli[!, Cipw W!1U1WhWJU'IWO ptlwu- ~nul bO bf14m tt.ulp~· pwJjl ubn~ fuOlltlflUbfll.. pCmtJ')JUJG tuun.t~rubr:
IIlf.! pwgwhWJUlnul t llwuC.w4tmpbO: Uwu(iw~wfl pwgwhwJIIl~!P zw-
pwqwumpJmOO wqww t. pwgwhWJIIlJWLn hb111 WJfi unlJ.nrwpwp l}bll-
,pnl{ !~ hwuw6WJUOLtl, hnrJ iP UUlwOnul, ru~ hnLnlJ.wqwO u plJ.Wj~D
hw!lw6wJfinLPJnLli[! htuUiw4wfinul wn~w t: Opnfiw~· U{lwllflg · nf1UIIIu PwJp ubo~ fuOI\I'lpCibpo lllllJ.nul bu 111ljjwl PWJP ul:m~ lJ.!WhUJCiQnL!
pwtifttlwg i.l pwf1bfuftqli pd;f.;ftg, pntnfll! q.nh bfi: U{1wllft0' nf1t~~bu JW- ~wll pbLwllnwu_gnlJ.: 'l(lwu_g bp4mu0 tu' ml\l1rt fulill~P la l:ibpq.nnonq
Ijwqm;O JJiiftbfTnp, hw{1qmt1 bO ;wmb{11J: U;mn/10, Ufiwhflmftu, Untf1l!· tu lillftp:
Of/0 · nf1U/bu pwflb/llftqff muw0nq0bf1/1, U/Wf1Q.uUJIJlf1bgftO:
-- -----------
]44
0Lil.f'tll tuGilf'tPn gnLJg t mwttlU WJG wnwp4wG, np[! qnn6nqmpJwG
wGll~2w4wG OpJb4tn{i t I! ~n l[nw t 4bngGmll bGpw4wJ~ 4wmwnw6 'Lbnqnn6nq tulill~PD llnLI.nLil t 4nwl[nnw4wG ubnp PWJP UfWhwu-
qnn6nqmpJm£io: 2"Ll I! QnLJQ t mwltJu WJO wnwn4wC., nnpg qnn6nllntPJntGC. wC.gGmt1 t
Otll.P'l. tuGfl~fl(! llP4mll t Gbnqnp6w4wu ubn~ pwJbn~ UfWhw02nl[ t;(ipw4wJp(j; ub(1qnn6n'l. tuGqp(1(} Wfll.llWhWJI.Ill[ntll t pwgwnw4wu,
I! Gwtuw'lwumpjwG llb2 hwG11bu t QWL~U hwjgw4wG hntnLI.nl[: qnn6pw4wC. I! llwuwllp Owl! mnw4wCi hntnLI.C.bnn4, pCitUfbu· !lfttiifnf1lJ
Cum nnnul, wG~ QnLJg ml[nq qnJw4wGGtnp qbuwntll nL'l.Pil tuGilfln~ if/1f1WI/nf1ifbg p;Owllm qfi!Jw/jftg: llillJ.{lif1lJ 6w6qtjbg/1fi dJnLJnt/: tuwp-
rwl[nul t llij1W4wGw~l! hwjgw4wGm( I! UfWI.IlWUtuwGmll n'Ldhwng~O. ~Ot Ljbg [Wf1 funupb{1/10 Wf/1/buft: UCJ~ gntjQ ml[n11. qnJw4wC.Gb(1p ll0Uf2nLil
Ufbu' l/IJ.Jjf1[J Uflf1nLd l UIIJpftwO; ll;w/jb{1tn[J hw{1qnul l /1{1 nLUntgjnthmO; C.bnqnn6nll tuC.Il~fl(! 4wnn'l. t wnmwhwJmLlbL C.wl! 4nqdf'tg 4wUfnl[,
t"n~ wGntO nLrt~ll J'uOq~fl(! wnmwhwjml[mll t mqqw4w0w~l! hWJ- pG[u.jbu' Uqpft/jlJ uftf11/nLill dnf1 qnqdftg: llf1ilWOlJ hw{1qtjwo ll!Dftbf1-
gw4wOnl[, pGtUfbu' !lf70ifnf1[J uftf1nul t /1{1 hUJJ{1110/1JJl!." Pwtiifnf1lJ JIJO,p l 0bf1/1 ltnf!d/lg:
qwom gnuJ: ubpqnn6w4wG 4wnnljgp CiwJ'uwllWUntpjntC.Gbpnul 20flW4wCiw-
4bG!lwO~Gbn~ wGmO QnLJQ ml[n11 nt'l.~ll tuOilP110 nnn2JWL wnm- 4wC. bGpw4wC. hwlloG4Gmt1 t mpwllwpwCiw4wG bC.pw4wJpCi, llpCi[qbn
llnl[ llnLI.mll t pb' mqqw4wG, pb' mnw4w0 hntnl[nl[, ~Otllfbu' fl{1Unf1fJlJ 4nw4nnw4wup flbuwmll bGpw4wu hwCiflbu t qwtpu nnUfbu tuuq~n I!
d/1 qwpwrJ !{1 fut/lbJ: SflWfi fuOwllpmflllwhnuJ !{1 /1{1 d'/1UI/1ft0bf1f70.' hw4wnw4o:
'LmJG tmlp~ qnJw4wOObno wOnpn2 wnmllnl[ qnijmll t;(j nLI'\I'\W-
4wG hntnl[nl[, ~GtUfbu • "lwll.{u wf1p/1 pnpnp !{1 ifwf1dbgOnuJ: Gf/PWJf1U
;mOt IJIWhnuJ: lf/1 hwi/e QIJ.Jf1/j/1 bu 11/1 Of1:
bnpbllG nLI'\~11. tuOilPfl(! 4wnnll t wnmwhwJmLI.bL pwgwnw4wG
hntnl[nl[, tnp wnwn4wG qnn6nllnLPJWG[! 4wnn'l. t wnGtLlbt llwuwllp, PGnLpjwG Ju(jq~pGbp[! ijfll[ntll bQ PWJP pllwump UfWhWCi!!nl[, nnp
llwuGw4~nnbG I! 4ntLI.bL llwuGw4wCi ntl'\~11. tuull~n. ~GtlJ.Ibu' 3wf1u lL qb11f2ntll pwJ~ ubn~ wnwu~Ciwhwmm4 11011 t~ tuw11.nul: PC.mpJwu
/Utlbg WJ!J Pf1ftg: uw Wf1tnwuwfimd 1{1 '-I, Sbf1jw0/1 pw0wutnbqtfmp- tuCillPnubno pwl[w4w0pu 2w1.11 bCi, pWJQ wl[bL~ hwtiwtuw4~ bu qnn-
;m00bf1f7g: (J)nf1d/1{1 mtnbL w;q ITwgftg: 0Lil.~'l. J'uCillflP I! Gbnqnn6w4wG 6w6l[nul hwuqllwG, WU2WI.Illlw0. llp2ngp, ijbpwpbflnLPJWU I! uwhllw-
ubn~ pwJbfl~ hwnwpbnmpJmGGbn£! pwqllwqwG bG, mum~ I! nLI'\Pil. Gw4lw41lwC. tuGflppGbn[!:
tuGilPI1[! ~wnnq t QnLJQ UlWL. u2L[w6 tnwgnulubp[! 4ntl[mll b(i Ciwl! wiJml},qw~~ fuiJil~nGbp:
w. UJG wnwn4wG, nn ubnqnn6l[nul, wqql[nul, tflnqmtul[mll, llp
llflnLPJntG~g llb4 mn~2 llflnLPJWG t wGgGntll bCipw4wJp qnn6nqnLpjwG iwliqtlwli fulifJ./111!! gmJg t mwtpu wJCi wnwp4wu. nn~u hwu-
wqllbgmpJwG mw4, on~Ow4' Ywf1/jnLtn[J wifbf1bg OIJ.Jf!/jwo w;qj10bf1[J: qnLll, llwmmgmll, llnmbumll, hwCi'lPUfntll t tl~ wnwn4w 4wll nnl!t
Pd/1;/j[J pm dbg hftifwOqftti: Gf1lifuw0 qnUJ{1lig pwdwqo: wG~ I! llnLI.mll t mnw4wCi hntnl[nl[, on~uw4' flnf11Jll ilnUJbOmll lf1 pbf1·
p) Unwn4wG, nno nnUfbU WflllJntGJ,! WllW2WGmll t blipw4wJ~ 4w- q/1 li/Wf1flUll/0bf1/IO: ~wn/1 ff]mqbf1[J hwuOmd lftfi ;bOp/1 tnwOftp/10:
UlW(1W6 qnn6nqmpjw0 hbml!wCi2nl[, on~Gw4. Pw0ifnf1[J ;bOp ljwom- · uwllw/j[J hwOdObg/10 hf1wtlwU1wf1011{1/ID: UwllifbLlJ hwtiqftll.{bg lfntlli!J.
gbg: SwUJ[J q,nLJlJ.{W l qn{1tfmd: "1. Uuw/j[J hftwupwOt IJinbllObf1 t q,f1bf." llwdftftnO;wOftO:
q) Unwn4wG, nnp l[nw unu4 nt11.11.LI.w6 t blipw4wJ~ qnn6nqmpJm· 1w(iq!lw(i J'uCillf'tflUOfl b(j ~l!wl[n(1l[ntll UWI.i 4WL1fnl[ I! 4Wllf~
0[! , ~Gtll(bu' uw 1J/1Uintill{1 pwOqw/j[J: !Ju 11/1;UJIT/1;ntd bll /1{1wnw-
96
fuOilnnl[, ~U[Ufbu' =iw;b{1[J hwf1dwljifbgj10 pJOwllm l/{1w: 6/1;tn ifwf1-
p/1fi nwmg[mhmO: l!O/jbf1U liJ.Jl/1 t hwf1QnLd /111 o0nf!Obf1ftti: Ljbgf70 !JWt/wlfw0/1 Oftwtndwdp:
"/Jpwp/JpntpjLU0 jufi!J/1/I[J QnLJQ t UlWL~U w;Q WI1W(l~W0, nn~u Sb!l.~ l4wpwq.wG gnl)g t IJlWL~U qnnonqmpJwG ~WilllUI11lwG mb-
~bnwpbnmll t qn116n11.nLPJnLfi[], n11~ llwu~fi. np~ llbi1WPbi1JWL wu~tm~ '1.[]. npmb!l. ~Wllll.Uflilnttl t. nrnnb'l.~9 u~w..tmll t. npml:i'l.ntl L. 'lbUJ~ nLfl t
t tl~ pwfi: Lfwmwp~tnul bupwlfwJ~ ~wrnwpwo qnpon'l.nLPJmurr
'-!b(lwplil1nLPJWfi tuG'l~l1(j Wl1lllWhWJII'I!lntll t. Still.~ UJWI1wqwG wplllwhwJrn~tnul t.
w) Qnjw~wu~ pwgwnw~w(j hnLnltn!l, op~fiw~· '1/wmtlbp dbqw- w) Sbll. gmjg lll!ln'l. llw~pwj0bl1n~ La. llf1WUQ hwi1WPbl1wlf~g tlb-
Oflg, dbp Ofl m ljjwOpflg, dbp IJWf71J m gwt/flg: lununul bO Lnnt/w h/10- 11womGCib11nlt. 011~(jw~. '1/Jdwortbtl bpunl/1 l Uf1Wf7WllljWO fJW2li11.1.1-
h/10 pwpbppg: '1/wmtlmtl t/10 flpbOg bppw0/1/t ftJwOpflg b. bpQbpflg, nf1 I./WJf7/J.' Lbn0wq0wg0bf7E pwf7dflw0nlll l/10 UUJf7U/1t/bf1: Qq/1{10 ~Oftwt/
f.l//1ll1/1 qwO: rtnOiirtmn: U!lblimpbp 1mn t: UJull7bfl bfJ.wOuAm znq l: l(llilllh!J uwh-
p) Uwu/10, t/bpwpbf7JW[, wnp/11/, 0/;wmtlwtlp La. fillwCt ~Wl4bpn!l m t1w0f1g w;O ljnfJtl, tJmp l m fuwt/wf1:
~Wl4~ tuCiqpn!l. ~Ci1l4bu' :JwpbOg/1 tJwu/10 funumtl bO npll/bu mwqwO- p) QnJw~wu~ lllWI1Pbl1 hnLmtwaL.bnn~.
qwt/np pw0wumbq6f1: UJrt mliumpjwO t/bpwpbfiJUJL ftwli ilf7Wf7wtlbpd t;u ljw0q0w6 btl £/WJfl/1 dw;n/1 /tUJl/1UJf7/1U (mpwljwfi): ?bll//1
ljwp6flp0bp: '1/wmt/wt/np hJnLf7bf7/1 wop/It/ in{it/bg lfnfu hwtlbpq: wpt..fi f/10 qOmtJ wtlpnfuObpo fubtwqwpt/w6 (hw;gwljwO): J1wpdm0-
t lllWL~U WJfi wnw11~wfi, n11n!l
UwhllwCiwtflw~llwfi tuGil~110 QnLJQ Rf1g bpb.mtJ t11 q;mq/1 gwopwhwplj bljlirzbgflu (pwg.): SwOljw;/10 2W-
uwhllwGw~Pw~~tnul, llwuuwltn11bg!lnul t bGpw~wJ~ qnn6nJ1.nLpJmGn pwu;mOo ufwiJmtl /f7 uwpbpnt/ m fWJO qwztnlipnt/ (qnp6.}: '1/IJwO
~wll hwlll~wfi~2~ !lbnwq11mllQ, La. WI1UlWhWJlll!lmll t. !JWJ/10 UnOw;/10 hwufJfllllbg Wjq.nuJ (Obpq.}:
w) Qnjw~wfi~ pwgwow~wG, qnp6~w~wfi. GbnqnJw~wG hnLn!lub- dn'l.nllP'lWtunuw~gw~wli lbqtl,nu'i Ctl:ipq.nJUJ~wu~ ~llwul.lln!l ~brt~
pn~t, op~uw~· Lbqt/flg lfwpmwp muwOnqa pwpdf7 qOwhwmwljwO l l4WI1Wqw0- ti11pl:illG 'l11ltnul t Gwu hWjgW~WG hrtlnltn!l. ~U!UjbU eo:
umwOmtJ: I!Oljbpu U/UJIIItlni.pJnLO/Ig b. UJ}/UUJflhWQflnLPJnL0/1g pnLJL l, ljbflu Uptupft/lfl t Wf.l/f1n£t1, taG!UJbu GwL.· ~wl4n4 L. lJwl4~ tuu1111n~
tlwpbtlwmflljw;flg' mdbq: l..Jw hnQnt/ pwp/1 t, tlmpnt/' hqnp: l;pbfuwO llwpmbqfJ t/f7UJ Ozt/w6 /f1 tt/lif7p/1 mrzrzmp;mOa: SqwO t/wfuflg
unt/npb[mtl [WI//, flulj UJ}juUJtnUJ0pnu16mtw0mt1 t: pwpOt/bt tp ulifJwlifrl/'lwlr Upmf Jlino q.t.nO£/nuJ t C1Jw{11./w0w tlf/1 tlnm:
p) liwlllbf7nt/ b. /jWU//1 /U01}{7nt/, /10tUibu' l!fi/jlipu WlfuWtnwOp/1
tlbp t1/12ll1 pwgwhw;mmtll /1f1b0: flLf7/120bp/1 Oftwtntlwtlp tWt/ blip t/b-
dU.UUuU'-41" 'T'IUfiUClU
pwpbpmtl, /1f7Wf7 Oftwmtlwtlp · nt: UwhllwGwtflw~llwu tuG'l~nn l4W·
lllwutuwfimll t /101/lg, /10/n·t/, /10lnitJhwpgbp~fi: dwllw£iw~~ ~WI1Wl}Wli gnljg t L'lWL~U qnpOnll.nLPJWCt ~WlllWI11lwu
dwllwGw~~ (ba(lp, b11pltwu~"g, ~·01 ctunlw(iw~ml) La. Wl1lllWhWJlll!lntll
t.
w) dwllwuw~ gnlJQ Ul!ln'l. llw4pwJubf1n!l.
liJwmbpwljwO Obpqw;wgnululifll! ulwt.fnuJ liO bpbljn}wli: UJUOfl
349
348
ntlwUI) Clu~ ~WI1WQW b(j hwtlwnnul OwL (ibpq.njwl~utG tmtmtmt
wl{tuf7wft (I Qn{16bf1f'J, pb tl t/wqo m2 ltL/10/1: Sqw{} bf1ph.u 1ft llnnwuw
ftf1 fJWU!Ju/jbptili{1/10; 11 nL~w6 hbi11IAJWL li utlwu 4~11wnmpJmulihJ1o' uw fu.?urwJ /f1pfinu1: uw
p} QnJw4wQ~ t.nw(1pbn hntmJ.wlllibllntl.. b{1qmtl t/1 ljn/jnf11Jnttl:
Lm.uwpwg/10 Ow pwf1d{1wgwt/ qwjuwqwO {ll7f1wft.): q) Uw4pwJGbJ1jlu hwJ1wpbpwlj~g JlOJlWUmGubnm~. uw liftzm w;q-
UulflftL/10 awqqmtl t d'fif1w{}Mft0 (ll1f1wft.): IJibu t IJIWflmtl: UJuiJibu Junubg l/wJwp-unt/tuO:
lfbuofl/19 wOdfllto wu'uJftlfwOwpwfl fJWfJWf7bg (pwg):
'7Jwf1W1J1tlm0p0bf1o ll7ltbgft0 tlbq wtlftu (hwJg.):
:rbli7W/unLJQ{}bf10 t/b{IWfJWf1dW0 flfllh{1nt/ (Qn[7tJ.):
~wlfl nL .RWUWlj~ ~WI1WQWU gnl]g t UlWL~ll Q.0[10nfli1LJijw(i ljW-
,fft UIWflflld Wt/W{1ll7bg W2/uWIJ7W{jRO (0b[7q.);
IllWJlilWU !WtflU nL pwCJwlj[! lA WJ1UlWhWJUl4nul t.
q) Ubow~wO+~w&q ~w~w4gm~Jwllp. upwOI) WJU ~~(lwnmpJmli
w) ~wlfl m pwuwlj gmJg llltl.nrt llwljpwJGbramL op~GuJlj' fi{1n;
Gbpu bO, bpp wGmu tunu,gp llwubp[! mtlJwt 11b~enul hwGJlbu bu qw-
L~u np~bu 4w~w4w0 pwnbp, ~U!L4bu' POOmpJwO dwtlwOwq muw-
qjlll1{}wqwu0bf1lWln bU fununul, pwJg .Uftl bfi QflnLil: Pwqtlpgu O;t/bi
/ ~UI{1bUg/1li7Wf]W0fJft ilwuft0:
Onq{}bf11J hmqt/mtl bli: L/ww0q/71J1whft0 Uf1WU!J t1ftlll7 1JOftbf1np ftnrw/10 t:
p) falJ.wljw0~JbJln4 m w(jqwll pwn~ 4WUJW~QnLf}JUlilp, Oll~(jwlj'
11) =twllw~Wil1WJ1 ljwll wG4wmwp bf1411nl111 JlbppWJml, onpGw4'
flwmgfti!J bf1bR wOqwtl ftflftOmtl t{l OmjO hwp{J!J: 3np wOqwtlJWL/r/1f1,
'1/wtnwuJuwOhJftu IJiblnp tl hmqt/bt: fiLlnbJ/1u lft ftwflbift JunubJ: c.iw-
qbJftu Qi nL/ufJ pwpdfl U/Whftfl: tlblj wliqwil d~/1{1:
r flbl.ll. utuwL t lA n1 hw(j~(jwf1wf1bL~ /jf1ftft0, bppgu, pwqtlftgu,
~t;o.U' "lW'UQU RW0/1gu tlwljpwjubn~ hbU1 wOqwll pwn~ qnJ16w6mpJmG[!, ~G!~bu'
Pwqtlftgu wOqwil junut/bi t WjfJ tlwuftO: 4f1ftft0 wOqwtl hw{1g0mtl f{l
~(&~ L4Wf1WQWfi QnLjg t 111WL~U qnJlOnr}nt~JWU 4WI11WJlilWU Cll&[!,
nJlw4o. brtwGw4~ I& WJlmwhwJlJ.mll t. tlbf/WI'Jf1JWJft0:
q) Smgwljwfi u hwJ1wpbJlwljwG rJbnw(jm(j(jbrnlJ. - Sw0ll7bf1o
w) 01& QnLJQ ml!nrt tlw4pwJGbnml.IA UJlWUg hwJlwpbJlwlj~g JlbJlw-
UIJIUIUbg Wj0J!W0, ilftOjlt dftwt/nf10b{1[] f)Wf70ftt/b{l pwf1d{1Wgw0: fl{1-
OmGGbJlnl!. on~uwlj' fiLqwbpft RWfiWt/wOo !JWOIJWIJ lWfldt/mtl/fl wOw-
J!W-0 bOp tlbUp Juwqwgbt. ftfiWfl uftf1bl m abaa,: POmw-o hm{ll;w ftfl
IJIWtnnt/: vf1w0p pwf1hilwt1wpwf1 nqpmObg/10 hJnLflbflftO: -=fwJ clnqn-
Uf1ll7nL tJ, pnJ flfllJ dbq:
t/nLflfJIJ pbf1tln{1b0 f'Jfttlwt/nflbg II. i1Wlll7ngft0: UJ{}U/bu /fl JununuJ. ftwf7-
6bu WJI'J tlwu/10 nf/10tfq/1117l!f1: UJufl bu ftOJIJih'"u t/bfl qbOwtJ, qOwtJ: L"lUSU4i" "luruqu
J!) Opw4w~wfi w6w4wGGbJln4' Uqpftfto JWt/ b[1qmtl/f1 nL qbqb- u&qWI11W~~ &qWJlWqwO gnLJg t U1Wt~u q.nfJOnll.nL~JWU 4wmw(1-
gftil IJIWflnLd: 1!0/jbflu lWll7 pwf1df1/ jununuJ: llwu UL4Willw4o lA wnU1whwJmlJ.nul t.
q) =twnw4l!Jutwp fl.bJlpwJnl!' llwf1qftlD h/7wgw6 hbwltnuJ /f1 ftf1 w) qnJwljw(j~ lA w(jnnnz rJbnpwJ~ mpwljwu hnLntl.wOIAbrmt.J., OJ1~
uw0/1 bJnLjpOb[lftO: !lft0t/nf7o nqb.n{lt/W6 IJIWU111nu1 1{1 "" oO/jb[IObflft uwlj· Uqp/1fttJ Wf/PJnLfl qOwg Pf7/1, ftuq nf1unf1fJiJ q!iwg w0ll7wn nf1uft:
wOdOwqnhmpjwO dwuft{}: 7nq0w4 Owjmtl btl bu lfwt1t/1w0bf1ft0; QjnLf]U /ftO /1pbJ Ulf]p/1q IJIWlnWOftp. U/Ul{1/1 fl! /jnt//1: 4WU/JWf1JWfi[J
11) qnJwljwu~ I& wfinJlnz JlbJlPWJ~ qn116~wljwu hnLnL~wlllibJlmf tlbqObg QjnLf] UljO JfllUUJt/n{1bJnL.' flww0nf]IJ hu.tlfwju /{1 qOmtl Q{IW-
Lbn0wqtiwg0bf11J 1Jdt/Wf1nipJwtlp pwf1df1wgw0 JbnwO qwqwp[J: li{1q- I'JU1{1W0 IJIUif7WU/bfnL.' dnrtnlJ.JlrJWtunuw4gw4wCJ tbql{nul bJlpbll(j u~w-
;mhm tlwu/10 JunumtllftO h/1wgtlm0pnt/: -=fwJ q/10t/n{10bf1D Q.flnhhJnt/ 111w4~ ~WJ1wqwG 4wJ1nrt t lll14bL Gwl& hwjgwljwG hnLn4n4. ~U!I.llbu'
hwuwO pbf1f'Jft IJIWflftUIJIObf1/10: fil/uWflfJ pb(l qftp:
b) qnJWljw(i~ utmwljwu hnLn4wlllin4 I& nJll&t ljw&qmf llhOJ! Juw- p) ~JwljwO~. wfinpnz rJbppwJ~ ubnw~wu hntn4m~ l.i hwllwp, hwOmu
f/Wf] lftOR dbfl JbnObflft t~~bu: fl/10t/nf10bf1o dwf1w0tnu1 lftO ftf1bUg ljw~bpn4, ~fi!~bu' uf1w0p ilWflll7lifmtllftO hwOmu hWJf7liti/IJ!ft wqwwmp-
tiwfuOft{}bflft OdwO, fl{IU/bU Owhwwwq0bf1: JW!i: nwwOnf][J ;wmt qUJ{11}11LUftfl OIJIWU7W/;/10 hwuObJnL hwilw{1:
350 351
Uw~wJCi ll~2111 1t, np Ci2~wo nb'uu?bpnul (hwlll~WUJbu wCinpnz
UJP QliUiJ!m.ll U;nU7f! /jw{1nq /f1 11/iquliL Wf1U1wuwhllwu: UJUU/Iiu w;-
l)bnpw;p L"lJ'IW~wCi hntn~~) hwdwp ~WUI~ lj~pwnmpJnLCi[! hwliMiwpw- uUJmlltmt uw /jwf1nfJ /f1 tjuU7whmp;mu dlia.e p/if1lif." U;fJ qn{1Uf! 4JnL/U
pbt~ t. hwtiwtu WJG fJ.pl{nul t npUJbu
pwnwj~(i wCihwp4~ hw~btnul L. rqw tlftw;u U1UOf1liUft oq.fimp;wfi Qbummll:
llbpdbt~ t. ~Ci!UJbu'
Cf1flU1WUWf1fJ!! 11/i/julig ilWJf1WRWfJW.R um/nf1llLm
(pw;g ni hwllwf1): bw quwg V1mu hwuquU1wuwJnL (u nl. pli
hWUQUU1WUW[ nL hWUW{1): LUhJU'lUUntraaUL PUflUUltt-
4UU~UUUqijUULquULtP
~t>lJnt·lJ~l". =tU~UOUI..f ~I"'LIOtl.~J:Il" t:;;.t 'liUStiUOt'o <TJUrUqUl.difl
=lwllwi)WU 4wll pu1qllw4~ wCii)Wtl b(i 4n!Ltmll liwtuwl)wumpJWfi
,~dm0g~ UJWJ"'WQWO QnLJQ t LOWL~U WJU h~llnLlig[! (hpwllw(i, i~l.lOmJG wCil)wtl~O 4WUIW~g~wo llb~~g wLtbL~ WJ(i pwnbran. npnCip
li.IWhWU2, 4WI1Q.WI)IlnLPJnLCi, gwCi4nLpjnLU), OJ"'~ h~llwCi ~llW 4W111Wp- inLJU UJW21110UU b(i ~WIIlWJlnLtl: uWfuWfl.WUOLpjWli pwqtlw4~ w(iqwll-
~mll t npL.t qnponl"}nLPJnLCi: UJli WJ1111WhWJ111i.lmll t 4WUJntt L. 4wUJ~ ib(l[! ll~L.(inLjfi 2WI1WhjnLUW4W!i 4~11WilnLJ)JOLUfi nL(ib(i, li.IW111WUfuW-
tuCil)pn~. ~li!UJbu liwL. q.nJw4wfi~ qnpo~w4wfi hntnllw"L.n~. ~fi!UJbu" jnLil b(i ll~L.CimJCi hwpg~Ci m 4w11n11 bli t~libt CiUifuWfl.WUmp]wli P"L"Il
!iwtlwdw;fi U7fiOf1llU/1 /jUJfiQ.UJfJIInLPJUJfi • pwfit/n{lu wqwU7tjbg w;juw- ufiqwlllibp[! , ~li!UJbu'
97
li1Wupftg: f)um ali/jll1nf1WU1/1 n{ln;llwo· pfifiUJlfiiUJfi/1 dwllqbmo bfi- w) Pwqllw4~ b(ipw4wCibp. Uum; uupbgftu ant/, Wfili1UJD nt [liD,
/[UJ{1UJgt/IIg: 'Jb/[wfi/1 hf1wtlwuntj muwunq[! qf1/jt/bg pn;wljftg: 'iupligftu WUnll IIfl/[fttip m bfllfftfl: Uulf1ftLftu awqljmll bU ;wuwllwu-
=lw4wnw~ h~llmlig~ UJWpwq.wCi gnL]g t lllWL~u WJfiUJnun q.npon- UIIpO m llwfim}w/[filiflo:
1"\nLPJnLCi, npn ~WIIlWJl~nul t hw4wnw4 npL.t hpwllwu~. 4wpq.wnrmLp- p) Pwqllw4~ npn2~!Cibfl. Uftpwhwuwq, pft"fib!J m QJnLfiUJhUJ-
JWli L. gwCi4mpJwfi, np[! hnllliw4wCimll wpmwhwJLni.lmll t 4wlllnll L. pnpfl 11ft liflftU1WUWflfJ /f1 Ut/bU7ftu;wu[!: UJ!J q.bqligftq, RfiRnLJ, J,Rfiwq,
4WUJ~ fuCii)J1n~. op~(iw~· !Jfiw;wd' llnf1UJfJiifiUUJfipfiliflftfi' ~wllpnfi Qft- 'uiitwgft ljftuf! U/Wll1/11/ /f1 wumtf w;gliLiitm ftf1bu:
.enf1ft0 U1UJf1Wt/ .ewqw.e: !iwqwowq hnfl gwuljmp;wfi[! · UllpwU1u w- q.) Pwqllw4~ hwm4wgnLg~!£ibp. QwoOft/1, tpllftwd'Oft, Uwfiwhftfi/1
tfmufiwgwt/ am.u w!Jp/jw hbU7: fwupliflf! lfwf1U1Wf1WU/IiU1w/jwu huwqm;u /jnpnqubf1 bu:. =int/h. tam-
lflw1116wn~ UJWPWq.wCi pwJw4wfi wlii)Wil~ WJli LJlWgmllu t, npfl fwliJW0/1, iJq., ftuwhwl[;wtift, t./. SII{IJWfi/1 pwuwuU7bqampjmuubf1u
hb111L.wfign~ 4wd UJWLntiwnnll 4wmwp~mll t npL.t qnnonl"}nLpJmli: UJCi 'l/uq.li{lwqwtigli[/1 bU hw; q(lw/jwump;wu llbp: ·
W('llllWhWJIIl~mll t q.nJw4wfin, wfinnn2 fl.bJlPWJ~ pwgwnw4wfi hntn- rJ) Pwqtlw4~ fuunnnlibp. Uftflmll lilllllif1 /if1/jftu.el! llmq, Pf1lif'l! pftup,
llw"L.nll L. 4WUJO~ nL 4wUJn fufinrm~. onnfiw4' Uqpft/j[! hm.qllmfipftg rftlil! 1muli: :Xf1/1 dw;u[! hftzl1g{11ig uf1wu bollwu ftwpuwu, U1nLUlJ, ljwnwa
!Jnqmtl /f1.' SfllnUJhUJflmp;m.Oftg t/Wf1fJ/1 pbflplif1l! pn;ulit lftti: Cwl/1 Dpwju[!: l.J{1W hWjW{//l[! Uuliawa tfuwg tfjuwgnf] opwjuftu, tJnju[7fttlbp tn-
t/wqiiJmg llwf1qftljft nll1.elif1l! hnq.uliL lftu: Pwfldf1 Junulitm.g ll1fJWJ/1 (}WO qunp[!: 'TJwUJil/1{1 dllf1 lj;wti.eftg, rJbf1 Of1frg, gwt/ftg m dbf1 fJWflfJiif1ftg:
dw;u[! /jU1f1t/lit t{1: ~ftt/wfirpll.pJUJfi U{UJll11fwont/ muwunq[J fJWU/1 tlf1 b- IJf1W fuWURlJ L/1 lp ll!Jbt qW}f1nLJ!HU/. t/;U7m/, juufJnLPJWUp, [Wgnt/, d'ftaw-
ljlit: l.fUJ(I/[mll1/1 hbm/JwfiRnt/ U1u/jftulif1l! tnflwgliL tftu: Pd;/j/1 hnqw- f]nlj, /jwf1nll1m/, wi/Junuwu.ent/ m awufl hftwupwi/Jmp;wllp:
UIUJflmp;wfi }fin{lh/lt/ hftt/wufJl! I/Jf1/jt/lig: b) Pwqllw4~ lLIWilWqwlibfl. Ullwo-dllbo, Q./tlbf1-gb(lb/[ Ow ftf1
Qnti6/1fi 1{1: IJw qwu-/jwf111/tf1 /jU7f1bg hmqllmu.eftg m nLf1W/untpJmuftg:
"'USl1Ut.l"' <TJuruc~u Qw{1ntUlJ awq/jliL t uw{lntll, wfi111womtl, w;q.mtl, wllbfimpb2: Subgft-
lflwjllWfi~ li.IWilWQ.WU QnLJg t lllWL~U WJfi UJWjllWCi[!, hwfiq.wllw(i- 6lif1D Wf1dwuwgwa, qw{1tlwgwa /tf1Wf1 UW}Iigftu:
9[!. npnugn~ UJWJilwfiw~nfl~wo t bfipw4wJ~ q.np6nl"}nLpJmCin: UJCi h~ll
uw4wumll WlllllWhWJIIlttnul t"wunpn2 l)bflpWJ~ q.npo~w4wCi hntn~nq
L. QUIJI.2nLI14WUJW4WU p.wnni.l, OJ1~Ciw4' if/IWJU UUnf]Ullf1ft gwfi/[nlp- 9·: st't.! u UuuMI"\JWfl. t:iz!J.. wzju., t2 283-2.85:
353
352 !23·
'
'Lwfuw~wumpJwO Ulrmh4nq wO~wllObp~g t Ow~ 4ntw4wOo.
Pwqllw4ll wli~wlllibno 4w11n11. bli 4wlllw4g4bL Owl! hwllw~wuw-
t0WJW6 w4w0~w4w0 ,Rbf1w4w0mpjw0 llb~ ll~ZUl tl. np 4ntw4w0o
4wG zwq4Wl40hpn4 ~ WfllllWhWjlilbL U1W11Pbl1 hWI1Wpbpntpjm00bfl, hwllwn4bL t Owfuw~wumpjwli ~O,plimpnLJG, wnwO~~(j wli~wll:
!l!it~tu· uwjuwqwhO mObp f//10, bf7bR t/Jnef7 bf7b/flw0bf1 b. w;/flw-
lmtw4wli[! Owtuw~wumpJWO WJO wli~wllO t. n11o QnLJQ t UlWL~u.
tnu;Og/1g qf7fll/UJO w0bf7 m QIIRWO[ l.Jf7w Uflf7111!J ll7f7nt/Jbg WJfJ. JWt/Jw- pb mil t mqq4w6 funu,R[!, np~ lln2ngn4 tunuw4g~ mzw~l1nLPJW01i t
qwtJg hwOqmqO, pwJg hb;VIwqf7qfrn llUJe/lg: fabb. w;/flwUJwubf7, hl1w4~114mll tunu,R~. hwqnp~4nl'\. liJmpn pn4wli~w4nLpJmlio:
pWJU pbpb.wtlftU1 U1fJW f/1 Ow: nplllbU 4ntw4wli 4w11nq bO hwO~bu 'lWL ~litlllbU wO~~. hwUlnL4
. npnz LbqltwpwOiibp U1Wppbpw4nul bO Ow~ pwqllw4~ Ulnnpnq- ~ hwuw11w4 wlimlilibl1[!, WJiilllbU II wnwli~~(j pwnb11 nL pwnw4w-
1 'WlUiil1n4 Owfuw~wumpjmOObp, n110 [!(i~mObL~ tt. ,RwO~ np Oz4w6
11tW4QhLpJmlilibp:
4WflnLJQ~ 0wfuW11WUnLJ)jnL00bf1[!, nLI'l 4w0 ~~ ,RWfi~ UUlnl1nqJWLlibl1, uwtuw~wumpJwO llb2 4ntw4wliCibl1(! 4wnnq bO L~ObL Owtuw-
nt pb lllWI1q. WJL pwp~ Owfuw~wumpjmOIJbp bli, ~Ott.qbu' l/Wjf7[J ~wu, ll~pw~wu ~ 4bf12W~wu ~ UJnLU wli~wllOb11~g wlipwU14bL uum-
Obf7u llUJwt/, Qi/JJ/llnf7[J llfr Rftl frpbgf7bg, lln111bgwt/ nt OWfR/IU bf7flnt 11W4bUln4. 4ntw4wliObn[! ll~zUl zbzUl b(i 411nLU, 011~0w~Obp' UfrrmW
pwf7d llbqObg hJntf7Gf7frO: l.Jw t/bf7 gwUJqbg, Oull7bg wOflnfJOnt llbp nt wutn!Jbf7, wOn Ll hnt/bf7, JWf7U n Lf7 t tu qfr;bf7: t;qbp, RnLJf7b/7, ubq
!Jfll./1U OUJjbg [nLUUJilnLll1/lg: uwf7bf7/l!J!OwfJwqbfJ nq/10bf7, bqbp • pwhbt U/lf7whwf7/1 Ubf7!J nfJpwOe
ifw!Jwtlbo; 1./0wp pwf7nt/, frtl hw)/1 Ufrt/JwO b. fJ.nt, /111 t1w)f7 l[wOw onq;
srn=t4nrt Lrusmut.tr Pbq bf7pbe Uflf7U1U 1/1 tJnowOw, /Ill llwemf7, wowpfrO w0ntf7p: '1m h/1-
tlw OWfJflbf, hqnf7wgbj bu, b!7fl/1/7 i.JW/1!7/1: /;u ebq f/Ufwtnllbll nuqb hb-
iwliwtu Owtuw~wumpjwO wnwO~~o wu~wlllibp wpU1wpbl14bL~U efrwp0bf7, /Ill U/lf7nl0 tlwOmq, frlleOen!; tJwOmq:
LI'IWQnLil~g WflW2 npnzw4~ ~W~WI1 bO wnunul, wnw(i~(iw0ntll b(i tJnbOg 4ntw4wlio ll~2Ulllf14nul t mqqw4w0 hnLn4n41! n11n·z~! !~ oli~nLiimll:
if1WQJWL0bp~g 1.! Wf1Ulwuw1J4nul hwlllm4 hlitb11wOqn4la li111nhllwllp:
'lw~wpnlt I! mdq~li zbzliln4 WI1U1WhWJlllqw6 WJ~ Lnwgmlllibp[!, n-
rmu9 ~UWUlilWj~O LllWQnLQ~! b11wOq bO hwqn11~rlLU funuS!~(j II hwqnp-
PUI"'l"LUtuurruuntssnt"L
11W4gtJ mzw~l1nLPJnL0[! hpw4~pmll b(i Owtuw~wumpjwO WJ~ wO~wlltJ PW111'} t 4ntltmll WJli Owfuw~wunLpjmO[!, n11fi Wf1U1WhWJU1nLil t llb·
4flW, 4nt4mll b(j Ulf1nh4nq LI1Wgnul0bl1 4wll Owtuw~wumpjwO Ull1nh- 4tJg w4bL~ llU1.Pbf1 ~ npUlbq 4w lltJ 9wli~ UU1n11nqmll: Pw11~ Owfuw~w
Ltnq wO~wlllibn: dwtlw0w4w4pg hwjbl1b0ntll pntnfl wli~wllObp[! ~w umpjmli[! un4ni1WPWI'I 4wqll4w6 t LtJiintll lllWilq liwfuw~wumpjmOOb
flfl'l bli wJu 4wll wJO tw4ln4 li111nh4bL ~11bOg Lf1WQJWL~Q. [!UUl npmll, ppg: Pwp~ liwtuw~wumpjnt00bl1 4w11n11 b(i ~~wLtn114bL nt ll~wJO Uliln-
pwgwhwJUl~H! ll~zUl t lllpnhltnLil, n11nZtJ!Ob110 m 11tWI1WqwObp[f hw- 11nqllwli lltJ2ngn4, WJL~ hlitbnwliqwJ~Ii wqwpll14w6ntpjwllp:
Gwfu, pu4 hwli14wgmg~tO m hwU14WQJWLif uw4w4 ~buu~bnmll: Pw11~ Owfuw~wumpJmliObno. [!UUl tJ11blig 4wqllmll brtw6 pw-
Spnhltnrt Lf1Wgmll0bpli tJ11bOg Lf1WQJWL0bn~g un4npwpw11 wli- 'l.W~11tl! liwfuw'lwumpJmlilibp~ lltJ2~ ~11U~nJ'I4nrt zwnwhjmuw4w0
I!Wlnltmll bO pmpn4 4wll ulllnpw4bllln4: OptJOw4' 'Jw tl/1 qfr~mq, hwpwpbpmpjmli0bl1~ pOmjptJ, pwdwliqmll bli- bp4m fullpp· PWI1'1
flwf7rfwhwuwq llWf7fJ f17 · UJf7b.UJhUJf7 qbllent/: lf/1 rfbf7tlwq wllUf pw- hwdwqwuw~w(i I! pwpq u~.nnpwqwuwl.lwli: Cwnwhjmuw4wli WJU
t/JwOgfrq m U7db., hw0qUJf7ll1 [flfJnttl f/1 [U1Qntf7/1 tlbp: '1/w{IUU//1 U7UJf/ 4wpqbptJ ll1WI1Pbl1nLPJnL0[! h~ll0w4w0mll ~wJilw0wqnJ'ILtw6 t hwllw-
/flnOt/bi t/10 qbfJpntqObfl/1' rfwqwll10bf1!J qw{lll/1{1 Obflflwo llwiiiUJfJW· ~wuw4w0 ~ UU1ni1W~WUW4Wli ZW'14W11tfibpp, hwpwpbpw4wfi ~bf1W·
gm qwo0bf7[J: lJwfJfiWO owobf10 m OUJfJ/lf/0/Jfi[J du/ll1ntll f/10 h{lw;bq limOOb11tJ ZWI1Whjmuw4wli 4~11wnw4wli wnwlillfiwhwU14mp)mliOb-
UJ{IbqwqfrO' gbf7bflwJ/10 fntUUJll1nt/10: nnOmtl 110 QWJfbfllJ' !JOJObfllJ nn4. hwllW~WUW4Wfi 2W'14W11tlibp[! fibp4WJWQlimll b(i n1111tbU ZW-
[nLUOjwfl/10 llbqOwo: QOmll f{1ll1nt0' f}Ulli1Wf1fl UfW}nLUUJf/[J pufrll1wq: 11WhjnLUn11b(j hWUW~WU, hwqwuwpwqnp, ~u4 UU1ni1W~WUW4W0 ZWI'l·
~wuObtnt/ pbflfJ/1 wt/b{lwf/011{1/10. 0f7UJ0R t/WJfl frpwO d/lbflfrg: 4w~qObnli m hwpwpbl1w4w0 ~bnwOmlilibpo' "1111tbu ZWI1WhJmunpbO
355
354
nt hwllwqnp, ult1npwl')wu Gwtuwl')wumpJmGubp : P.wg~ lli1WlJ~g·
90
uwfuWI'J.WUnLf}jWO' Q 1'-'IT.'.:nntlli(r,\i"tll'lHUJlni~WO n!ll.tt WUilWilfl, {:nLJ9 tlwtiwl;ti !, !1{1 flnLP pwgbp dbp /ZJwrzwpwntnb{1(]: :Jwpptibg hfll.JU[i p,)
t lllWLflu UI"'W nf1u•4·'•4t.!G, P.UJUuJfjwi~rnf.i. '..liliJf'lWOw~wO, duJllwGw4w- ;mtnnt/ lin{1/1g l;wntibti Lfw/iqwrzu m qbnwlifl./1/i: fit/pbf1 hwuumc:!Jb{l/1
Jp0 nl"'llt htul114wfit•:;!: f,prlVtilJll(J i.;plJ11;inl1w4uJu Otutuwi'}WUnLPJnLU- tlmn f/1/i £iutnwo, tipwtig fJbtlpbp[J UJf1fJbli tnwwt/nrufwa !ftu:
,wlll4wgmg~! bf'l411nf11'J.W4wG Gwtuwi'J.WUnLpJmGubpi] umjn,wJ
Gtii"'O QLtuw4.nrll hb•.t1 l!ulnn'l. hu t~,dw!wt~q4hl. l11i11.4bu 2Wfl4UJt4flbrm4..
hwtlwpbrw~w(i I'J.~PIIJ{~nl flul:iPf·•L ur,r:ajbu iJ. zwllwhwraml:lJWtlp:
PWI"' 2wrwhwrmpJwtlp !bG 4wl4w4gt.lmll:
1
1-1'\WGgflg hptlOUJtjl•lilrrllj qrrpi)•J.'Un:liiLitl lifi np, pli tWfl4Wt4UOI1U m
PUSU~USSt-~ bP4POP'lU4UL uUiuU'lUUmrasnrt.t.l:;f'
rttf, /10J, !1lf1, t1f1Uilli]. 1'1li,ftCf/W,h, '!Jili;'l~u/t, :'Ili!l.ifDU, npjJUJU, 1~Ulf1UJ0
I':W!"'WPbi"'W~LUGGlim~ · PwgwhWJill~! br~rnpqw4w0 liwtuwl'}wumr.mllHitipc •_:,<·.Fi
nrm2fl~ bnll[inl'lf! ,,ilp!IIJ hit;tl:lllt,u.;l.,f:q:._Hlt:Jt;tlji(i 4U.ifl0f'l [jjj UJillJ'IIU· pwgurhWjt.nnlll b(i Q.ltuw4.nf1 uwtuWflWUnLPJUIU tib2 qr;jUJl,~:.:r:inL! v ..
'llUJt!lbt UlUlp!J;i'Jll!~UIL ()LIIl,l!lfou:i:t-i;•;f. '•·J.ild'-ltw1.4J.!, hbtnuwlll?tli.J U~JI lllWhWJlilt.lwo nnL.t WUflWUfl. gnljg I.IlUJt!lu Grw ntjl,._wj :)lJ}_ l!'!·,:, '·
l ''Jfl<Udl'lnL~Jit..fi(:~ifl. jru;qt.u U,;:s/{1':' ptu.:liwt/np.juHi qt.t~JpjnLI,fJ!,.
360
PwgwhWJUl~! bf'l4flOfll'ViJ~w0 OwfuWilWUnLpjnL00bp~ ll~9ngnt! W- t>Otl.Ljbu WflllbO 02tlbt t. tuull~l10bfl[] np~bu J!WJW4w0 wO!lwll~
tlbt~ llwOpwtlwuO m 6wl[wtm0 t ubn4wJwgl(nul qttuwttnfl Owtuwllw- tflwgmllubfl, 4wflnll bO llfltlht PWJbfljl ubn~ 4wll ~tlwulllWJ~u ~whwu
umpjwO tlbp wn4w qnjwljwOnl[ Wflli1Whwjl[w6 LflWQJWLO. ~Ot~bu' pml. U [!UUl WJ'lll tt l~(jbl J!WJWUbnjl 4Wil J!WJ~tlWUUljl LflWQOLtl0bp:
Vwufruo, np!J IJIWU11lwqwli =iwJWUU'IUJii/7 wllb0wpwpdf1 tbnli t, WJdll Pwjwubn~ tnwgmllObp[] lll'ltlmll bO Obpqnp0w4w0 u 4pwl[nnw-
qllllil/mlf t qbpmpJwli llbp: V/JpwJbttJ, npo llt/711Jwlifr qwcfwqlibpfrg 4w0 ubn~ pwJbpjl ~whw02nl[, jlu4 lljmu tuufl.jlflObp~ !lbl.Ljt!mll J!WJ~
llbqli tp, wlifuliw ;ow}tmll tp hnp mlibgcfwtJpo: t;u, np npn;fwt/ml/ ubn.o qnpOmOJW tt. tbqng t. WJUUlbll 4wnunnO m l[tSnw4wOo pwJ~ ~
cfwpdcfbt t/7 lipw hmllnpfrli, lftwpmzwgw lf/l;lll qnqlllinpn;l/bt: bpwlip, llwuUJO t: PWJ~ ubn~ ~whw02nt.1. tuOJ1.~fl0bf1[! t~Omll bO nLI'\~'1. u Obfl·
npcfwqmg lf/70 bpllmtl, t/bppatiJibu hWJLnlicfligfrli: qnpOilwO wOmqqw4jl tuOil~flObp:
PwgwhWJlllll! bfl4flOflllW4W0 OwtuwllwunLpjmQGbpO ~pbOg Wfl·
lllWhWJlllWO ~tlwulllnt.l. hwtSwtu OllwOqmtl bO npn2~! bfl4flnl'lllW4wO m'll"'l tuLilN" bflyf'Of'llUltUL LUtuU'lUUntrasmuutfl
OwtuwllwumpJmOubp~O. WJO lllWflpbpmpJwtlp, np npnu~ llb~t!mll
wnw20wJ~O. [!01'}.q0t!nrm hwlll4wOzwJ~O t. ~u4 bfl4flnflll llb~pmtl' nll'\~1'\ tuulllll'l bp4flOflllW4wO OwfuWJ}WUmpjmOObp[! LflWQUnLll
lflW9JWl~ nl[ 4wll ~0! t~ObLQ: bO qttuwl[np OwtuwJ1.wumpJW0 Obpqnp0w4w0 ubn~ pwJbflnt! WflUlW-
PwgwhWJlll~! bfl4flnflllW4WO uwtuWilWUOLpjwO ll~ Ulbuw4U t hwUJI.{wO tuO!lflwnm pwJ~O u Ozmll WJU wnwp4wu 4wll wO~o. npu
UfWflW~WJW4wfi dwuOwttnpbglinf\ pwgwhwJUl~H!· np[! pOnpnzl[nLll t wOtljlpw~bu ~fl l[pw t 4flnLll bOpw4wJ~ 4wLnwpwO qnpOnqmpJmOn:
OpwOnt!. np tflwgOmll t qbflWilWU PWI'\WJ'l.fl~!nlll 4~nwnt!w6 dwllw- Op~Ow4' dnqncfnLfllJD U/Whwlipmll tp, np liwfuwpwplibpo fnJ.fiUJiiwli
Ow4wO~z 4wll lllbqwu~z npllt pwn~. wnwt!btwl.Ljbu qnJw4wO~. lllbrt.~ frpblig qpnli[J: =iwpmpo hwqnpfJbg, np bqwliwfto lnf1WJ/71i t, q/7;bplib·
4wll dwdw0w4~ llw4pwJ~. npnlig 4wlllWflnLll bO dwllw0w4~ 4wll fll! qwliwJ!J llpum If t: Uumll bli, np cfbppfrli pwnwumli mwpmll WJU-
lllbrt.~ l.LjWflWqWJ~ J1.bfl , op~Ow4· lf/7 qfr;bp, bpp PwqfJWIJif! pmli tp
101
U//IU/7 uwnliwllwlifrplibpfbli bf/bt: t;u mqmll btl, np mwpwt/1o mliqw
llmbt Sfrqpfru/7 linlffrwtJwtJ/j wtj1bp/7 cfpw, liUJ QUJf/Lnli/7 hbnwgwcf pw· Wf1ll1/7 iJ. n1 pb tJncffrl/fiUJ: vw q/7ll1bf1, pb frlil pwO t U/UJLnbf1wqllo:
qwpfrg: "l/7ll1/7 tfrlibll wllblimpbp, np117bf/ /Ill qwpfrpo qqqwli: f!pfrqliw- OLI'\~11 tuOil~fl bfl411nflllW4wO OwtuwllwumpjmOObpQ t~Omll bO
lJIWh/70, bpp wlig f/70 qblimll uwpbflf!, IJIIiwftn lf/7 wliqwll lt bpli.wg /1- OznLJpwl[np u h~ll0w4w0nul 4Wl.LjW4gl[nul bO np, pb ZWI14Wl.Lj0bpnl[,
pblig QJnLf//7 hbom ll;m;mll: frlii(f!), np(oJ, ncf hwnwpbpw4w0 llbflwOmOObpnl[ u wOOzmJp' zwpw-
UJu 4wnmjg0bpo OmJUI.Ljbu qttuwt!nfl~ hbm 4wl.Ljw4gt!nLll bO np, hwpmpJwtlp, jlOt~bu' Sbuwlip '1/1 QUJffru, llblip ;wpdcfbgfrlip: 2bu /7-
npf!, ncf, ncf np, bpp, mp, nplllbf/ zwq4wl.Lj0bnnl[ u hwpwpbpw4w0 fl.b- llwlimlf' n·Lfl qnpfbu:
flW0nL00bpmt:
Ltf'QOf'OO'l Uum'l'lUyr luu'lrl"' tflyflOI"'IlU\fUL
PU3U4Ull UVlUUI" U''UBnW bf'ld'nf''lUltU'll LUtuU'lUUm~aamuutr
liUtuU'lUUntlaSn~ll'lltf'
llbpqnpOnq J"uOqjlp bp4flnf1J}W4w0 OwJ"uWJ'l.WUnLPJWG ll~2ngnl[
UJU J"utlp~ bp4flOJlllW~wO OwfuwllwunLpJmOObfl[! LflWgfinLil bO l[bpwnl[wO Ozl[mtl t wJO wO~[!. ~no. ~pnqmpJmO[!, nnnOg qnnOnqmp-
102
qLtuwl[nfl CiwJ"uWilWUnLpjwO llb2 pwjnl[ WfllllWhWjllll[WO nnl..t wOqw- JnLO[! 4flnll.(! qtJ"uwl[np OwtuwJlwumpJWO b0pw4w0 t:
lljl u hwpwpbJ1w4gnLll bO 1.14WI1Q. OwtuwllwumpJwfl pwJw4wG wOqw- 'LtlwO 4wnmjg0bpmll, mn qtJ"uwl[nn Owtuw'lwumpJWO ullln(lnqJWLO
ll~ LflWgmllObn~G: Culll WJJ'l.li tt finwOg 4WJ1nll. bO qJlullnl'lbL bp4w4~ Wf1UlwhwJLnl[w6 t 4nwl[nnw4wti utm~ pwJnl[, p0w4w0 u lllpwllwpw·
hwpwpbflnLPJnL00bp' fuOJ'l.flWJ~(j u 1..4Wf1WqWJW4w0: Ow4w0 b0pw4w0 llWilOmll t 0bf1qnn6nq wumqqw4~ llJOil~fl, ~u4
j"uOJ}~flO llWnOmll t b0pw4w. ~Otl.Ljbu' UphwllwflhcfwtJ m 6wqpcfw6 tp
101 Sb'u U. 'llwUjnJwli Lamp, !izij. wzfu., tl! 306: 102 Sb'u U. 'llWUjnjw[j La mrt., [jzij. wzfu., b2 319:
362 363
OflUJligftg, ntfplifl liflfiLUll dwtiwuwl; /ufiwdlit f/10 /Jflliu: uw qqmzwg-
Gw UflWUgftg, nt/Rlifl ftfl 2Un{lhftt/ fftu PWfld{l IJftfl.Gft hwuli[: UflUI wudb- um d f{l w;O wdtliftg, ftlill! ftwut;wofl t.nb!]/Jp !(! mwtftu:
1/nLPJnt Uf! pwgwll1{1t/ntd f{l fi{lwlintl Ofl uw WJfi.GW!J.W.GftU pwgwl;w-
Jlit f: Q.ftcnuwqwuft wuwdf! hwuli1Wll1t/wd" /fl uwb fi{lwtintf, nfl WJIJ
Uppng/1 wlinL!JfJW/t/1 JvOfJ/7(1 br~pnpnw4wli liwfutul'lwumf}-
dwuftu fi2t/md ffl ocnwfl wqp;m{llibflmd: JnLO!J trwg(inul t cutuwLI.nr (iwfuWI'lWUnLPJWU I1JU11f1WDnL pwjpU '-'
QnLJQ t tllWLPU Wjli WDWpljwQ, lUU0(!, npp ll~2ngn~ ~Wtllwpl{mll t qnp-
PU3f'l1UUSf' (P'LOI"taSU'L) lul.l'lf'P ti"4PnP'lU4U'L OnflnLpjnt!i[! ljwli bqbLnLPJnLU[!: uzijwo 4wrqp fii.IJfuWI'lWUnLPJnLUUbll[!
'LUiuU'lUUnttaanH.ilJtl" 4wrnn. bG flflllbt !ibpqnpowljwO. lwwtln!lw~wli L. ~bqnE uhnf1 pwJbrh
UJu tuuppO 1J.!wt114wOnJ1. wumq11.w4~ tuull~P bpl.jpnpnw4w0 Qwjuw- l.ljwhw!i~ntl L. hpllliw4wlinLU 4wqli~.nul b(i UflWOnt/, w;O pwuntf hw-
l)wumpJmOObpmll pwJ~ ulino wnwlilluwhw111m4 nbr !~ 4wLnwpnLu, pwpbf1JWt!H:;rmL plituttu· IJwpqftftl! hll/LUfltnWDnul f u{lwfigm/, mfpbp
tuunpwnm,:JJnLCI[! tllbJlP t mOI:iGnul qLtuwl{nfl OwtuwnwumpJwU tuunrw- dflgwuwqubfl 2whbg/JO: 1mqtfwd" lid fi{lwlintf, ftliJcnliuw iJ tfw2w/jligft:
nm J!WJ~ pllwutllnij, np[! u4n1qnul t PWJ~IlwuLn~ (plinLpjwQ) tuOil~P: uw ftflfili hutWflll1 l{l qqmd w;ll pwuntf, n{l plit1nul Ulbulit l{l c./whf1Wtl
u2qw6 tuun~pu!:ipo l.jwpni'J. bu nPLI.bL h' Gbpq.np6w4w0, L.' 4pwijn- (/)wl/lwq;wuftll b um{ltf fudlit t. 2w{lbllgft htun:
pw4wli, !.!' tliqn9 utm~ pwJbp~ 1J.1Whw!i2mf ~tLtuwqnp fiwtuwnwump-
JWU pwJp pwnwJpli ~llwut11~ pliLwrww09mt:
t/.IJ{1wplipmpjw0 wOnL!JflW/t/1 jufiq/1{1 bpljpnp11w4wli liwtuw·
~UIIl ~pb(ig Wf1111WhWjt11W6 ~llWULnGbp~ t~linLU bQ' hwQq.llwu, qwunLJJJmGo gmJg t tnWLPu WJ{i wu6o ljwll wnwp4wli, np~u ijbpwpb-
w02wt111lwu, llr2ngp, Ll.lipwpbpnLpJwli, ll~wuumpJwfi wumqqw4p pmll 4wll nppu wnlitLI.nul t Q.ltuwtlnp flwtuwl'lwumpJwG tuu11rwnm
tuli'lPP !:if14pnpnw4w0 uwtuwqwumpJmGGbp: pwJp q.np6nf'\nLPJnL!i(!: UJu fullptJ uwtuwllwum~Jm!i!ibpo unijnpw-
~wOqilwli UJUnLfJflUJ/t/1 /UO!Jftfl bpl.jpnpnw4wfi liwtuwnw- pwp nrLI.mll b(i wuwgnflwljwu, Ut11W6wljw(i pllwutll Wf1111WhWjl11nll.
umpJmlio tflwgOntll t hwliq.llwli tuuq~p 1J.!Whw02n11. pwJbp~Q h hpll- tllwppbp pwjbpp t4whwOpntl. llli!IJ.IbU uw hwtfwfu U/Uiindmd {f1
Ow4wGmll lipwug hbln 4w~LI.mll t hwpwpbpJWL01ipn4 (llflwfis w;ll Opwug dwuftll, ntfRlifl ftflbU oqL'lit l:iO: Lmp li1WfJWOt/lig w;ll llwuftu, np
pwllftll), op~Ow4' l'llJUili·u Jt/Uli1Whbftll ll{lwu, npftll dflwdw;ll 1Jllll1flbf Utftd;wllo hfttfwul) t:
f{l dnqnt/nLflf]f!.' ~bpftwpllbflf] U/Wll7dft {1 upwllg, n@bp qw[7dwuw[ nt Ujlwutim.p;wli wlinL!J.fJW/t/1 juOIJ/1/1 bpl.jpnpqwljwli Owtuwnw-
mllwl;mp;mu[! !Jha JbU /jn{lgflbJ.' l.Jw hwuwtf WJll pwllftu, np wrzpftltl! umpJnLU£! [Qmtl t WJU wuoo, npr hbt11 upwupu qttuwlinr OUJtuwnw-
dbfldbg [!ll/;lipnp wnwpwf1/jf!.' umpJwO l:iu~wljwfi ~wUlwpnul t q.np<'.mrtnLPJnLUQ, pli1t4bu· =iWJflfJ tfli-
UJu uwtuwl'lwumpJmO(ibpp fullpmll unqnpwpwp lizqmll t Owl! f1LUI)Wf1dwtf (ipwug htim, ntfRbfl l;wnmglitm t/10 2lillR!!: '"JWURlJ l;w-
llb4 WJL t11buw4· llwt11mgllwli w0mi'J.I'J.W4P tulin~f1. npo Ozmu t WJli U!/IP u{lUJ hbm, nt/ pbq 2Wll7 f uflpmd: ·~;muft/1 pn pnLJU!J, ntd hlil/1 n{1
wlill[!, nfl~O 111f14mll t llp pw(i 4wll hwi'J.npnqmll t ll~ tllbi'J.b4mpJmG, ljmqbu:
~U!l_4bu' Klwqwtfnfl{! d'bpwgwtf ii ftfl pwqwtfnpntpjwll uwud[! hwlld-
llbg UflUJll, n{lll wtfbJft []Uf]muw/j /;Jftllft LUJIJ qdtfwfl qnpd'ftll: ::rwpuw- '11UPUC~USU~U'L tr~rnP'lU~U'L uUtuU'lUUntlaSnH.!lJtP
uftJJ/1 dwdwllwl; md flfl gwlll;wllmd bu hpwtfftflb[, dft l;wpdftp fulldn{l
mrzwqft{l llpwll: Cnplifll! hwudllft{l uflwu, m/ dbpl; f m dpumd f.·
'llwpwqw bpljpnpr).wljw[i uwfuWJlWUnL~JnlUG!:ip(! tflWQUnLU b(i
UOpwvulwO UJUnLIJIJW/i/1 /UDQ/1{1 bpl.jpnpnw4wu liwfuwnw- qtfuwijnp UWfuWI'lWUnLpJWU J!WJnij W[lt11WhWjtllijW6 fulir').flwnm WU-
umpJmOlibpmll bp4pnpnw4wlio gmjg t tllWL~U WJU wli6[! ljwll wnwp- qwlip[j L. gnljg t11WLPU qnp6nqnLf}JWU ljwll l:irtbtnL!'l'JWU tllW[lJ!b[l hwli-
4wQ, np[! llPtllLI.mll t npUjbu btw41it11 qLfuwijnp uwtuwqwumpJWU qwllwu,gubp m hwt114w0 r2ubp:
tuunpwnm pwJp wplnwhwJtllw6 qnpO'ni'J.nLPJWli, pli!L4bu' :lqm2wg/J{l
upwllflg, ntf }Wll1 f hwtfn;wfunumd dW{lfl/jUJllg: Srzwu pwdwlltfbg 31i5
364
~Ulll WfllllWhWJlll4.nq ~llwuUlWJ~£i hwpwpbpm~Jm£i0bp~· L~Onul hnf7pWf7UJrl 1{7. /if1p tlwJf7l! tlwhwgwlf: J!nft7flf! u"ubgftli Wtltlftlif, hl:iOg
b(i lllbq~. dwllwOw~~. Ola~. L4Wlll1Swn~. OL4WlllW~~. UJWJllwO~. twltJ n{7 {ju; /'.mulig: Uft dwtlft JWI/1 q.h{7bl/Wfl!J 111wfipbg w0d01/bf7 wrzp[fwO,
nL ,J?W(iW~~. Q~2llw0: tlftO!!J 11{7 Ow Oft{7hi1g !J uOltwl/ wOqq.WJntpjwO Llbp:
Sliq/1 IJIUI(IUJqw bp~pnpl)w~wO OwtuwJlwumpJnLUIJ gnLJg t lllW- u1u pOntJp~ bll~flnflrJW~wO OwtuwrJwumpJntOObp[! hwnwtu ~w
l~U WJO lllbq[!, np~ hblll wnO!tlmll t lUtuWL(np OwtuWilWUnLpjwO PW· fl"ll. bO mObOWL WJU dwtlwOwlt hwpwpbflJWLIJ, op[lOw~ '1m Jftntfftu
Jm! Wf1lllWhWJI1lt.{w6 wOI)wll~ qnp6nqmpJmOo: UJO h~l!Ow~wOmll wqw 111 ltiftOliu WJU dwtlwOwft, bpp /jhwOoObu pnfnf1 p00mpjmuubf1o:
LflWQOnul t l)~dwt!nfl pWjbp~O, uw4WJU l:ippbllO ~wnnq t Ullln!lWI)WU- ~b/11i/Ulf1WQW bpl!~Ofli1W4wCi OwtuwllUJUnt~JnLU[! gnqg t UiW·
t.{bt Owla J!WJ~ wOI)In1 ll~bnjlO' WJ(ilnliq hwpwpbpJWLP ll~20npl)nlf~· L~U qLtuwl(nr OwtuwfJ.wumpjwO pwJn4. wptllwhwJilll!w6 WU11Wlil• 4w-
JWilp 103 , ~O!Uibu· lllii;Olitnl/ t.UJ0111lif/, n{7mliq qn{7onuzl/w6 /(7,. Sftq.pw- 111wpwo q.npOni'J.nLPJWO bfluJOw~n. ~L.o. bppbliu OwL. WJt! q.nr6nf1mp-
UIJ hwO!Jftutlig ftpl/wqbllft awOnpftO: 1wo li!J~g pitJnq hbutL.WUJ?~ (j~wpwqnmpjnLO{]: qLtuW~np OwtuWI'J.W-
UJU tullp~ Owtuwl)wumpjmOOI:ipnul ~WUJW~gnLpJnLOIJ h~llOw~w UnLf}JWO hlnn Opw09 ~WUJw~g4,mli bO np, ftO!utbu, /1U!UfDU nf1, rif1UjlitJ.
Onlll ~pwgl(mll t ntf7 (np), n{7ll1li!J hwnwpbpw~wOObnntl, nnnOg~g bp~ n(7UfDU ph. nOg nf1, qw{7abu, wubu, wubu pb. owO. pwO pli zwl'l~wu~
nnpi)IJ ~wpnq t hWOI)bU qWL Owla hntmtttwo O~n4. (11(7lflliqftg, 11f1117/iqnl/): Obpn~ ~ hwrwrbpw~wO l)bpwOmOfibpnij: Opjluw~· '-!Jnflbuu iltour~tJ.J
Sbq~ L4Wpwqw bn~nnnllw~wOObniJ ~wnnq bO wpUlwhwJlllbL
1{7. ftO!UfDU tlbnOmtJ If' dnf7ft l/bf7pft0 ljwrzOflO: tJm ltt1mnb0wu pbf!TJ/J!i
pmO Ulbll.~ UJWnwqw, nlq~nnllwO, l:itllwO, nLqb~gdwO La WJL hwpwpb-
wJOutbu, nf7 n1 np Juftwlflft: QQI/bgftf1 fJI1l flOo qq.l/wOpnl/ pu.eruz, /tO.! ·
nmpJmOObp, ~U!UJbu' Uplfbumo 1.111/WDI/nuJ I WJ0111li!J, 11f1U7li!J uljul/mll
iJIOU f/1lUUJhUJf7 wrzpflqO I QQI/ntL1: ~wriwtu qbpWJlWU bqpnlli l)fll~nul t
llwhwllnfnLpJmOo: .
Ow~ WJUU/liu hwpwpbpJWL£!, ~UiUJbu' uw WJUU/DU Wf7UJQ lp 1/wqnul,
UbOg qOnul bOB WJOUlbq, npUlbq~g LUtlnul tp zblfwnp~ 6WJOo:
plfml11(7, ph 2nunnl/ lUJwhbqd llf/10/1: UJOutbu 117 b[1qnuf, pL/mt1 tp, pi:;
'-lb!lWI)W!l6Wl( Wj(iUlbq~g, npanbq wzfuwlllbL tp bp~WI'I UlWJI~Obp:
dw1on Juql/IJ)a t:
UJI)1SwOWL4WilhD ~nwOnul tn WJ[illlbq, nLp Ow mqmd tp hwuObL: .
Sbq~ L4wnwqw bp~pnnllw~wo [iwtuwl)wumpJrnuObno ~wnn11. bO ~WI/1/1 IJIW(IWQW bf1411nllllW4Wfi uwtuwi)WUnLI)JfiLU[! gntjg t
L~ObL Owla ll~2WI)WU ~ blllWI)WU, ~O!L4bu' UJUU1DfJ, 11lf7 q.liU7wlt0 I Jun.- UlWL~U QLfuLllt.{np OwtuWfJ.WUnL~jWO J'!WJn4. WJ11.11WhWJUl~WO UJ0J1wUr,
funprwJ, ltwOw!l m Pl1lf717ll10wt/btn: fiLf7 ltt/IOblf, JlillllnnwOw bu nq- ~WlllWJlWO nn~t qnp6nqnLpjnt£i ~UJli hWU14W0~2~ f}jlU!Jnpllw[J tW 1.!;f1
pwdwJO bpqb{7IJ llli{7: fi{7U7Df/ ljhnqOliu, WJ0mbq ljwuq. wn: ~wll wuU1~6wfio: UnwOJ? ~wnmg4,wo~wJ~0 wnnulm{ OliwGt~mu t•O
0~~ UJWilWqW bf1~1l0MW~W00bp~(i:
dUJiJUJOUJ/j/1 IJIW(IUJqW bJ1~11nJ11)W~w00b!liJ gnljg bO lllWL~U
bp~pnr11w~wO Owtuwl)wunlpJmfiubp[! QLtuwl(npj1 hb1.11 llwlllw~gLJ.mu
QLtuw4.nl1 OwtuwfJ.WUntpJwO pwJn4. wnlllwhWJlll4.wo wOI)wd~. hblll
bO np, ft0J.J}W0, fl{7J}UJ0, fl{7JU1t/J, ft0!JU1t/Jzwq~wl.40brm~ h t'.wpw-
wnfi!4,nq qn116nqmp]WU ~WlllW!lllwO ~wli nn~t hwlll~WU~2PilJ1Ulin!1-
pbpw~wu llbnwumOObpn4,, ~O!L4bu· UJq bf7wdzV1mpJntuu WJUJ!UJ~
llw0 dwllwOW~[!: fJ.JnLpbrz t, np tlwf7fJ wOoufJhWIJ7 gwO/jwOmtJ t fUDf.' flO;owO hliowOn!!.
'L2l(w6 ~wpq~ bp~rmn11w~wO OwtuwflwumpjmOObpiJ ~wpnq bO ff7 41mrzftg, wJOpwO wl/bi/1 fumwumtl /f1 wOmwno: nnewO hf7f1bh0 tJfi-
WfllllWhWjlllbl ~U!UjbU hwliwdwllwOw~jW, W]OL4bU L. UlWfldwdwOw- fJWf7dwltlfmll 1{7, WJOpwO wdpnfuft 2Wf7dllw0 orzwltu LWJOwunul t~:
~WJ~(i hwf1WJ!bllnLPJnL00b!1. ~ Qltuw4.nll~ hblll ~WL4W~gtlmll b(i lipp, Pw0/7 funpUJUnttll{7 UfWII1UnLfiJWU llbp, WJUJJJJ.JU l/TWUU7Df7q wl/b(~~ hu-
Df7P 11{7, 11(7, llftOJ, llfllipJ.bD, pwOft, pwOft fJOD, /10! hwnwpbflw~w{j pw- li1UJRf7R/1P f/10 fJUJoOntiJ.t'~" . . . . '. ·'
nbnn4.: 'Lnw09 ~w11n11. bO t~Obt wnw2wllwu, ll~2WI)WU 1.& bUl!.lii)WU, ~WtP~ hW[lWpbpntf}jnLU[! b[lpbll(i ~WJ1011. t m£ibUIJJ[ (iwl.t dWUUl·
~O!L4bu· t;pp bu UWJntLl f/1 Uf7UJU, hmqqml11{7 m Q[nL/UO ltwjumll: ?bn uw~w 1 ~o t;pwfiqw4npnut ~fi!UJbu· PwOft pwqmltubf7U !bO hnqutit,
103
st·u q, qwpbq~liJw{i, !iz4,. w2tu .• t2 218:
.., .. '7
366 .)Q;
Wj0JJW0 ,, ljw;juwlllbd: lfbliJJ UDf1 o00f}Wt/WJf1Rll1 IJOwgftlip WjOJ}wO, t/JmOpo l/lnJ?pll/70/1: fl{11J1buq/7 11aq hwl1nq/7, q/lmOwqwOo wowp pw-
pwli/7 fJD!l IJIWI.I1Df1WQI11f{1 uqui,fbj:
zbg tf/if7pfr0 l/JWU:J1Wf1/j[J.'
"'w;i'ldwn/1 UfUJ{IUJQUJ bp~nnfl'lUJ~wu Ciwf'.Jwr}.wumpJnLOn !JflptJUJfi IJIUI{IUJQUJ bf'l4f'lnf'l'lW4Wfi uwfuWilWUnLpjnLU0bp0 Wfl-
gmJg t UlWL~U q.Ltuw~nf'l Owtuw'lwuntpJWO llbl? 4Wll1Wf'I~W6 qn('l6n- ll1WhWJi11nLil bu h~llmO,p~ La OpwQ hw~wunl\. OnwO thwllwl.llwll1wu-
I'\OLPJWU ~w1111S'wn[! 4wtl h~ilmOJn! Lf'IUJglibLn~ qbf'IW'lWU Owtuo.u'lw- tuw0nq hh111l.awO,p~ hw('lwpbf'lnLpJmO: b~ ~Gt~bu 04wll1bL t Q. qwnb-
unLpJwo· pwJntl Wf'lll1WhWJll1tlw6 wiJ'lwll~O: q.~OJWCI[!, bf'l4f'lnf'lllW4wC OwfuwqwumpJnLO[! Ozmll t ll~ WJO~~u~ hll-
UJu p(inLJPil Gwtuw'lWUnLpJnLliObp[! qLJ'lJW!lnr.~ hb111 4w~w4gl{nu1 bfi llmO,p, np~Q hw4W'lf'l~nLil t ~Ltuw~n('lnlll 04wnwqp~w6 llf1nqmpJnLUIJ
npm/hbmll, np, RUJii/1 np zwq4w~Obnntt, ~Ot~bu' vw f/jWf1nqwgwtf 1..a WJU ll1buw4bll1~g OnwO,p hw4wu~z bO ~wlll~S'wnlll..a ~wJilwu~ tn4-
11nmbliWf wutumwdplib{1/70, n{1nt/hbmb. /l;fuwO[! /jl.l1{1bg 0{1w lfwOw- pnn11w4w0 (iwtuw'lwumpJmOObp~O:
IJIWf1h[J: vwfuwqwh[J hb:nwdqbg 0/IUt.n[J, pw0/1 fl{1 /un{1hf7f}/7 WO!].wl1- QLtuw~nf'l Owtuw'l~UnLPJWO[! 4w~w4gtlmll b(i pbb., pbljmq, iOW-
tibp[J Obf1/jW lf/70: vf1WOJJ w0/7oml1 f/10 /7{1blig pwfut.nf!, nf11f/10 ljwpn- ;wd', uwqw;O, pw;g, pbiJiblll L, 10w;wo nf1, w;Omw11b0w;O/It/ zwq-
qwOml11/w;bJbi WJ!J 11/io l1wf1!Jm Obf1/jw;mp;mOo: 4w~Obpn~ La /701, ft01JJWO, nppwO, nLf1, n{1tnbf/, bf1p, /IOp~fliu hwnwpb-
'1/UJ}IJUJfi/1 UfUJfiUJQUJ bf'l4f'lnf'l'lW4wO Owtuw'lwumpJOLO[! Lf'IWQ- f'IW4w0 'lbpwGmuubnn~. ~G!~bu' 20w;wd' bqwOwqu w0df1Lw;/IO /f1,
Omll t qLtuw~nf'l Owtuw'lwumpjwO' J!WJn~ Wf'lll1WhWJll1Llw6 wOqwll~Q 11/iOJJ lhf1wdwptfbg/IOJJ qpnuwOpftg: liJbUibUJ /jnl}f1ibd pOwt/, uwqw;O
;mppu Ow;ml1 m fbl1mbu0ml1 nf/101.' 2bl1 f}Wt/wrfw0/7 ,'111 vt/Wfl!]./10,
L gmJQ t lllWLilu WJO ~wJilWO[!, nn~ wn4WJnLPJW0 ~uu~mll 4wnnq t
4wll1Wf'lllbL qb('lwqwu Owtuw'lwumf}Jwu llb2 04wnwq.n~nq qnnon- fl{1J}W0 fL IJJnLJJDU, o·. Cwl1/lf7Wtl:
qmpJmO[! 4wll bqbLnLPJnLli[!:
uz~w6 tullpll OwtuW'lWUOLpJnLUUbf'l[! qLfuW~Of'l~ hblll 4Wl4W4gtlmll
bQ bpb, pb, n{1, pb nf1, bf1p, d/lw;O, 11/lw;O pb, U/WJI1w0nl/ np zwq4w~
Obf'ln~. L OnwOg zwnw'lwumpJmOO wqw111 t. 4wnn'l bu L~libL wnw-
pwqwu, ll~pwqwu La Llbf'II?WflWU, uw4wJ0 wnw~bL ll1Wf'IW6Ltw6 t
OnwOg wnwpwqwu 4~nwnmpJmO[!:
uzbO,p ll~ gwQ~ Of'I~Ow40bf'l' t;pb pwfut.nO nL t/WJDfJJOb(lf! J}bq
d1J1t.nw0, OUJWf1 I1Wf7fJ/7/j JJbq uftf7wpwf1 nqpm;O mwO, qmgb bu fWI1
pwfum/I!J hwl1wp, /711 wOq/7li.... liJb nf7 w11pnqp q/l;bp[J qOwfm L/7-
0bOJJ, t/Wf/lJ gb{1b/jnt/ UJbf/ qhwuObOp: vw hwpwqwm fl{1f}nt0 ljwpnq
fp d'wfubf, 11/lw;O pb hwu0bf1 /7!1 OIJIWliiW/j/70:
106
ub(l~WJwgl{nul t I}UUl u. Up(lwhwlljwG~ «~WJng Lbql{~ 2W(lWhJnLUnLJ'}JnLli»
'lWUWq(l~~:
377
376
I'J.WIJU!,nl:ig wudf1Uo· JnLU/lUD t/Wf1 Ow;l:ig UU//1U1Wq Jlinub{l/1 qw-
IJ!nLJUI dn{1/lg. wumwnwUjwh/1 W!Jpflqp pnf1pn,pbg q{lwqp: w) lf/1wuump;m0. whw w;O Ozwuwpwup, n{lnt/ tiiiOR Ufbtnp t fJh-
P. UnwOg zw'1.4WUI~ 4wll 2W'l.l!WIJ.Iw4w0 pwnbp~ 4wiJ.Iw4gL[w6 qwqwpt/bUe:
LUJti uwfuwqwumpjmOObp~ ll~2~. npnOg~g llblHJ lljnLU~ pwgwt!lpnq:J- p) tamtlwO;wO, Puwhwq;wO, Sbf1JWO, t.iW{1nLdtJ,10, lf lf/i6wpMg
JnLU[!, llb40wpwumpJmOO t. Uf1WU,R bu /111 U/1{1WQIJWUWqw0 pw0wutnb!J6Uii{1p:
iqn{1 t UqubJ/1 11/Jp pOWU/WlmwqwO qqwgn!Jmp;mup. Ow WU/- q) lf/1zm Ow;bJ wowp. uw pnJnf1/1u U/Wf1tnwqwump;m00 t:
pmtl t qqmtl t hn!Jp, U1Wf1bf1,pp, bfJpWJf1Wqw0 tlfr pWf1nLpJwtlp hw- q) fi'flO t bJJJD· uw t tlbf1 tltnwhnqmp;mup:
llwqqwfJ t fJliU//1 pm;ulif1p, pnfmuulif1p, qb01JWUft0bf1p: C!. ltwGnGGbppg, uwhllwGmllGbp~g hbmn, bpp qpwOg wGil~2u•
q} Ub!i!pl:inLI.n~ nLI'\'1.W4~ tunu,e mObgnJl Owtuwqwu hbJ1.~0w4wJ~U IJ.IbU hw2npqmll t Ofl~GW4[!. wnw(jg opftflW4, ftllfU~bU, WJUIJ.IbU l.t
tunuB!'19 WflW!i!. GllwG pwnbp~. ~G!IJ.Ibu ~ nGqhwGpw4wG ll11191t9 hbum, np~G hw2n11·
Ut/. fluwhwq;wup Qf1GJ t. «CfiWU/1- Uf1Wug, m/Piif1 unqn{1mt11IO b qnul t pL[wp4mll, hwm4w1J.1bu bpb q.np6w6L[w6 bG hbtni.AJWL, Ob[l,en-
um[np!Jgumtl»: . hftzJWL ~ GllwG pwnbp.
ft.) UnwLI.bLWIJ.IbU L[bpOwqpbpnul wJG pwnbp~. pwnw4WIJ.IW4- w) Sb!J/1 U/Wf1wqw0 qw{ln!J t Wf1U1Whw;mt/IIL U1{1Wqw0, pwguF
gm,1mGGbp~ ll~!i!~. npnGg~g llb4G Wpt11WhWJt11nLll t lljOLU~ L[bpWpbf1· owqwO, qn{16/1wqw0, O/if1qn;wqw0 hnJnt/Obf1nt/.
JWL 4wll Opw 4wiJ.Iw4gnLpJwllp llwuGwL[npmll (hw6'wtu npiJ.Ibu bGpw· Q{11Jb{1[] f1WUWL/n{1t/W6 !J{j QfiWUbf/WU/10: lJ{IWUJl t/li{1WI]WJ70Wii
L[bpOwq~p), nGqhwGpwgnLil, LJ1WQOL9~! ll~tnj;!. U{lgwfujlg: Uqumt11IeiiUwOIIf1D Ufwumtl bO tfw;pmqnlf: I'J.punul O!ffi
«~Wjng JbqnL./Wf1WhjnLUnLpjnLU» uwnO t:
t;11bw0. pwgt/bg hw;bf1b0wqftmwqw0 tlftpwqqw;/10 bf1{1n{1q q/1- p) 1Jlbt11~ t t!IWppbpbL hbulltJWL qbiJ.Ij;!lip[!.
tnwdn!Jnt/p: w) l:if1bfuw0 Wf1Wf1RD pnLJJ t tnt/bi w0q/1mwqgwpwf1:
t;, taL[wp4mll Ozn'l. ptlw~wGGbp~g. t!lwnbppg hb111n. p} l.lw uu/JWJ JlWJJlJ qwmwf1bf t UU/Wli1WqWIJf1t/W6:
u/1UUI/1 0{1WqW{1Q/1 hw{1gb{1U IIU. ra. Pwnbp~ 4fl6Wtn qpL[w6 llwu~g hbum.
UJ. l:i{1/1tnWUIJJf1f}Uii{1/1 hbm tnW{It/n!J wzfuwtnWU/JD· "'f1n.f!. lJ. Upb!JJWUD tlb6 Qf1WUWQIItn m 11/HJ Jliqqwpwu t{1:
p. tfw{1qwqw0 t1/1pngwnnululif1/10 OwfuWU/Wtnf1WUtnt/bJm tlwu/10: 3. Umnpw41itn[! qpL[mll t'
~- UJG ptlw~~tln'l. ll~wtlnpGbpp lll12lA, npnOj;! wpmwhwJ111tlw6 bO U. Q.bpwqwu u umnpwqwu GwtuwqwumpjmOObp~ ll~2~
6wL[WLnLG pwnw4wiJ.Iw4gmpJmGGbpntl 4wll mGbG ut!lnpw4bmntl, Uzwqb{1tntJ/if10 wquw6wO_p/1 qqwgmtlnt/ tltnwO w;O mmu!J,
2~1'\l.fwiJ..Intl GzL[wO Gbp~~G mpnhmllGbp, ~G!IJ.IIiu' n{lmb!J WU/fllif m utnbq6wqn{161iL t tl!J6 pwuwutnbf/6[}:
lfbOp U'IWf1pbf1nLd Me utnnf1WfJWuwqwO lW!JqwUjOiifl/1 bf1qnL fumtlp · OwGnpntpJmG: bpb u111npwqwuw4wG zwJ1.4wiJ.I[! qli'l.!tlw6 t, qb-
1) l.lzwuwqw;/10 nL!J!Jt/Womp;wO zw!JqWUjOIIf1. pwqwu u ut11npwqwu GwtuwqwumpjmGGbp~ 111pnhmlln unL[npwpwfl
w) dbquwqwO, 4wmwptlmll t pmpnL[.
p) pwgwhw;tnmp;wO. fiJqwg. lif1q/10pp zn!Jbf1 t lW!Jnttl:
2) op;bqtnWJ/lU nl!Jf/t/W6m.pjWU lWf/qWUjUbf1 !Jq/1tnli0p' bf1p t tnOqlfwQ, mil d!Jnent/ (Ut/. flu.):
w) hwtlbtlwmmp;wO S!Juwo· tnwOp !/1 /jwf1nqw0ntt16wnw;/1, juwump U7Wf1WO Qftpn-
p) qwfutlwO • fl/10 (i. ta.):
t) UOL[wOmll, 4n!,· hw[lgwqpnLil wpt!lwhWJt!lnJl pwnbppg, pwnb- P. ~wllwqwu GwtuwqwumpJmGGbp~ ll~2t.a. bpp upwGe 4w-
f\~ LcwiJ.Iw4gmpJm00bppg, ~G~IJ.IbU ~ GwtuwqwumpjmGGbp~g hb111n. IJ.Iw4gLI.w6 bG wnwGg 2WJ1.4WIJ.I~ 4wll ftuq, pw;g, uwqw;O, t1/10tf1lin,
npnCag hw2npqmll t qpwGg hbt11 nLJ1.'1.W4!1npbG 4wiJ.ILI.w6, qpwGg wG- Wjf ~ fillwG 2WI'\4WIJ.IGbpnL[.
il~!i!w4wOnpbG tlbpwpbpnJl 4wp6pg, qGwhwt!lnLpJmO. w) UOf1pw;/10 q/1UWJnLJunt/ qwllwg-qwtlwg ftpumtl t tlpOzwrw, Ow··
378 Ju/1f1ll tnnLO t qwnumtl hwuqftg, qwnqmtlliu mubf1/1 rf{1wqubf10 (Utf. flu.):
379
Ia. !!um, CiwJw6, hwllwlqwlllwufuw(i, hwllwliwJCi, hw~wnw~.
p) llw t1Wf11JiiW!ig !/IIJW(J1UJlijWf1tnnLtl, WJL uftf1mt1 t 0{1w0g: hw0q.bp6 u CitlwG ~wllll:iflnt.l ~uwt.[nnt.[w6 tn(lnht.[w6 htJtlmG_etJ m qtJ2-
q) Ulw/;b{1tn0bf1!J li{1bq IJI/Itn/1 qtiwJftO tpuqm,11uftw, utuqw}O t/wtn tlwCi 1!4Wf1WqwCil:ifltJ9 WDW2 U hl:itnn.
bf]w{rwqfr IJIWtnlfwnnt/ tpuqm{1uftw0 h/Jtnwdqt/bg: w) fiwt1pw(1mt1 hw0qutnwgnf]Obf1!J, UJlitnft hwtnmq qw{1qw-
Y. bt.[. riL, ~WJl 2WI'J.~WI.4Cil:i(1nt~ ~WUiWljgl[w6 hWtlW!lWU Ciwfuw- IJf1nLpJw0 hwtJwdwJO, Ulfttnft tJwuOwqgbO t!ntnwqw wOtnwn{] l/ltnwa
llWUnLpjmCiCil:i(1~ tltJ2u. n(1nCi_e !nLCil:iCi [!CillhwCimpl:iCipw~w. nL jfl(1Wgwa lfjmrzbflftg t1WJ}f10fnL W2/ZJWU7W0/}0bf1ft0:
w) SOb{1mt1 t/Wf11/ntt1 bO D{1wq0bf1!J, b. QJnLIJft 1/flW pwgt/mtl t p) Lbn0wq0wg0bf1!J, fOWJWd' l}dt/Wf1ftli tnbf}wOpftO m wlipwf1b011/WUtn
lijWf1q, UJUlniJWQWf11} Of1qft{iJJ (U. lu.): brzwOwqftO. hwpnrzmpjwtlp wt/w{1tnbgft0 Owjuwmbut/wa Wf12Wt/!J:
p) uf1WOJJ t/wf]mg UIJIWUntt! fftO fnLJU!J pwgt/bJntO, b. t/bf1pWU/OU d. PwgwhwJtn!l19 hl:itnn.
fnLUwgwtJ: '-/WIJ!J tJbOp. qwOWJJJU, qt1bq0b0p qwtJwn0bf1!J b. 0n{1 qnhwpb-
If. l.JwtuWilWUnLpjWCi hwtlW!lWU WCillwtlGI:i(1tJ tl~2u, l:iflp UflWG.R f1ntpjnt00b{1 qhwt/wpbOp (U. lu.):
~wUJw4gt.[w6 !l:iG b., m qwt1zwi'J.~W1.4GI:if1nl[. ~tJbnwJftO Wf1dwqm{11}0bf1lJ · hm0t/wf1ft 1-10-o. tJbOJJ qwOgqwg-
w) l:if1q{1ntt1 utnbf}fft/bg tift juwnOwlj, wfin{1n;, wOtn:....:!btft t/ftlfwq ('J.. 'J..): ObOp (Jwqqwdn{1nuJ:
p} n;tnntOjwg Ow/ZJWf1Wf1!J bqb{ f{1 fl{1Uft' pw{1wq0b{1nt/, awnw0b- OwGnpnLpJmG: PwgwhwJtn!l19 hl:itnn UltlnflW~ttn !llllflt.lmtl'
{1nt/ m qft0t/nf10bf1nt/ ('J.. 'J..): 1) bflp pwgwhWJtnllH! llflt.lw6 t utmw~wG hnLnt.lnt.[, u GnwG i~
b. U~2wCi~JWL pwnl:inll. pwnw~wutw~gmpJmGGI:ifl~. Gwtuwllw- hw2nrllmtl ul:inw~w0nt.lllf1t.lw6 pwn.
umpJmOGI:inll u OwtuwllwumpJwG htJtlGw~w(j tlwutJ tll12u. l/bawtnWf]WOI} I}Of1WUW0ft' t/wh{1Wt1 (/)wi/IWQJWOft Wf1t/liUtn{]
w) f>hw{lqb, 0{1w OtJwO bu flit! qw(1n!J IJIWtnt!bt (1. /3.) : tlft;tn hftwgtJmOJJ t UJWtnlfwnlit pn[nf1ftu:
p) l:it/, unuqwfft pwO, qwjd'wqft !itJwO qftq/11 m wpwQ. tift gOgmtJ tpl:i ul:inw~wGnt.[ Wf1tnwhwjtnl[w6 pwgwhwJtn~!llG hw2nflllnLtl t
wfigwt/ t1w{1t10nt/ (t/f1p. (/).): GmjO hntnt.lnt.lllnt.lw6 WJL pwn, n(l[! ~wnnq t zttlnpt.lbL pwgwhtUJtnl1i~
q) bnt}O tJtnwhnqmpjwO t!bp t. ftO!Il/OU Of1b.ntt1 t. Owb. hWJf1U (U. !J.): hl:itn, WUiW WJ'l PJnLfllltlwgmpJmG[! ~wOtuhLm hu.rtlwfl pwgwhwJtni~Q
~- ~n!w~wCitJ u CiwtuwllwumpJwCi htJtlOw~wCi llwutJ tll12u. hl:itnn llflt.lmtl t utnnnw~l:itn.
-1WJf1ft q, ftO!n •l btnji}W(1dw0 U;ntnft' fJOilbf1npu, n{ll}nL qwqt1wqbf1UJt/w6mpJnt0{] hftwgp/if t
tO JJWPOf1!J Uft{1wtnb0j. pntnf1ft0:
Lift pb, hWJflft q, ftOd tJnnwgwO, UJutnl:il\ pwgwhwJtnll!O t {]Oqb(1npu pwn[!, tJu~ wnwOg utnnpw~l:i
tt !liO pbf1ft hnt{1fi wO;bp: tnll' pwgwhwJtntJ![! ~LI1011 n{ll}nt -Ci:
(1. tamtJwOjwO) 2) tpp pwgwhwJtnll!ll hl:itn qnn6w6t.[w6 t hl:itnwllwu ~wut.
UbUjtnbt1pbf1ft tJbqtJ, uftf1btft' bf1b/ZJwObf1, ql}wnOw dbf1 q]wOpft w- UJU wtJbO[] pnfnf1ftu · dbq b. t!bq hwt1wf1 qwtnw{1t/w6ft tJftwJO tift
t1b0whft;w{1duJO Of1bf1ftg tJbqtJ: t!wufi t:
t. ~fl~Gwllllfl 1.&... 1.&, pb ••. pb, ~wll ... ~wll, nt... nt zwrt~WUiGI:innt.l uw ftf1 t1nf1· n{1U/liU wnwpftO jun{1hf11}Wtnntft hbtn fL jun{1hf11}Wqglig:
~wl.Liw~gt.[w6 pwnl:intJ. GwtuwllwumpJmCiGI:intJ tltJ2u. 3) bflp tnpwtlwpwGw~wG zl:iztn[! pwgwhwJtnJ'l!ll t.lflw [!G~GI:itm
w) uw qWf1QWU/Wh t wt1b0mf1bJJ 'pb'tnwO!J, pb'IJUI{1ngnul, pb''l{1unuJ: ~wtntiwnnt.[ utnnpnqJWLil hwGqnLJQ[! ~wtl odwfillw~ pwm llflt.lmtl t
p) Uf1WOJJ n{1n2liL bO wtJnwO[] hwOqutnwOwt qwtJ Ub.wOmtl, qwtJ pwgwhwJtnll!llQ hl:itnn.
IJftfftpwOmtl, qwtJ LnnftmtJ: dwdwOwqwqftg hwJ bf1wd;mmpjmOo dba qndlJinqfttnnf1ftO · 4n-
q) uf1WOJJ b.· tnbuOmtJ lftO wtJbO ftOf, b.· nfftOiilftO hwuqwOrwJ: t1fttnWuftO t IJIWf1UiwqwO ftf1 qw{1qwgt1w0 lift 2Wf1JJ qnrzt!li{lnt/: Ut!nw-
C. UtJ2WilWU tn(lnht.[w6 !ll:iflpWJw~w(j llWfl~t.lw6tJg wnw2 u hl:itnn. Oo · UH1b!iwwf1b.ntn Of1bf1ft0 tOw U/lf1nu1 Outnllt U/Wf1tnbqnu1:
uf1w0p, wt/wf1tnbtnt/ ftf1b0g w;juwtnwOJJ[], uqubgftO oqObt []O- 4) b(lp pwgwhwtntJ!tJO ht112nf11lnLtl t hwt.[l:itw~w(j ft ZWI'J.~Wl.LI[!:
Ifbf10bf1ft0: 381
! llrl
13. r::!utn, !iWJW6, hwllWUfWtnWufuw(j, hwtlw<1WJ0, hw~wnw~.
p) i.JW 11W[11)/ttJJfig 1/liJ.WU1WUji.Uf7U717lt1, WJ[ U/1{1lW} f fi{1Wfig: hw0flbpc1 L. ullwu 4w~bpnl[ ~L.wl[npl[w6 U1pnhl[w6 h~llmU.Q~ m q~2-
q) U?w/jb[1U7fibf7!J bf7blt lJI/1U7/1 qfiw;/lfi teultmf1uftw, uwqw;fi tfwU7 liwfi UfWflWQ.WUtip~g WflW2 L. htiUln.
bqw(twlj/1 lJIWu7tfwnnt/ teultmf7uftwfi hbU7wdqtfbg: w) fiwl1pwf7nLt1 hwfiquU7wgnqfibf11J, lJIGU7/1 hwU7m/t ltwf7qw-
4. til[, ill, ~Wtl 2WI1.4W~Utipm[ 4Wl4W4gl[w6 hwtlWflWU Uwj"uw- IJf7nLPJWfi hwl1wdw;fi, ut/1U7/1 11wufiwqgbfi 11nU7w/tw wfiU7WOIJ t/7U1wa
flWUnLpjnLUUbp~ tl~2L.. npnu.Q 1mubu []Uflhwump bupw4w. m 1nf7wgwa tf;mqbf1/lg 11wpf7b[m wzfuwU7wfipfib{1/lfi:
w) Sfib{1ml1 tfwntfml1 bfi lf{1wqfibf71J, l.t QJfllfJ/1 l/f7W pwgtfml1 t p) Lbnfiwqiiwgfibf71J, 1fiw;wa 1Jdt/Wf7/lfi VlbfJwlip/10 m wfipwf7btii.JiWUU1
Ll/Wf7q, wuU7qwqwf71J. bf1lt/10e ru. tu.): bqwfiwlt/10. hwpnqmp;wl1p wtfwf7U7bg/lfi fiwjuwll1butfwo Wf72Wt/!J:
p) l.Jf7wfip tfwqmg UUjwuml1 f/lfi fnLJU£! pwgtfbJmfi, l.t tfbf7PWIJI/iu d. PwgwhWJU1!~9 hbUln.
[flLUwgwtf: 1./WfJ£! 11/ifip · ltwfiw;pu, ltl1bltfibfip qwtfwnfibf7£! l.t fin{1 qnhwpb-
'1. uwtuWflWUnLPJWU hwtlWflWU WUflWtlUbp~ tl~2L., bpp upWU.Q f7nLpJmfifibf7 lthwtfwpbfip (U, lu.):
4w~wl.jgl[w6 !bU l..t, m ltwi12WI1.4w~ubpnl[. :J11bnw;/lfi w{1dwltmf71].fibf71J · hmfit/Wf7/1 1-10-f!, 11/ifip ltwfigqwg-
w) bf7ltf7ml1 UU7GfJOt/bg 11/1 juwnfiwlt, wfinf7nz, wfiVI:...:lb[/1 t//llfwlt ('J.. ?.): fibfip (Jwqqwdn{1mtl:
p} flzU7mfi;wg fiwfuwf7Wf7/J bltliL lf7 nf7u/1' pwf1wltfib{1nt/, ownwfib- OwunpmpJmU: PwgwhWJU1!~9 hbUln uU1npw4tiU1 !~ 'lllt.l.mll'
{1nt/ m q/lfit/n{1fib{1nt/ ('J.. ?.): 1) bpp pwgwhWJUl~i[] 'lllt.I.WO t ubnw4wu hnLnl[nl[, L. Upwu !fl
b. lf~2WU4JWL pwnbp~, pwnw4Wl4W4gmpjnLUUtip~, UlUj"uWflW- hw2nflflnLil ubnw4wunl[ 'lllt.l.w6 pwn.
umpjnLUUI:ip~ L. UWj"uWflWUnLPJWU h~tluw4wu tlwu~ tl~2L.. l/bawU7WfJWfil]. I].Gf7WUWfi/1' tfwh{1utl1 (/)wt/1wq;wfi/1 Wf7t/GUU1[J
W) f1hWf7/tb, fi{1W fil1wfi /iu [btl /tW{1flfJ lJIWU711G[ (1. liJ.): 11/lzU1 hftwgl1mfie t lJIWU7tfwnb[ pn[nf7ftu:
p) l;tf, unu/tWL/1 pwfi, ltw;owlt/1 fil1wfi lt/lq/11 m wpwq 11/1 gfigml1 tpb ubnw4wunl[ wpU1whWJU1l[w6 pwgwhWJUl~!~U hw2nllflnLil t
wfigwtf 11w{111fint/ ('lf7p. (/).): UnLJfi hnLnt.l.nt.l. 'lllt.I.W6 WJL pwn, np[! 4wpn11. t 2Lt1npl[tiL pwgwhtUJUl~!~
q) Uflljfi I1U7WhnqntpjWfi 11/ip f, /lfifUjGU Gf7l.tnLI1 f, fiwl.t hWjf7U (U. !}_): hbU1, w~w WJ'l pJmp~llwgmpJmUIJ 4wututiLm hu.ulwp pwgwhWJU1!~9
~- ltniW4WU~ L. UWj"uWflWUnLPJWU h~tluw4w(j tlwu~ ll~2L.. hbUln 'lllt.l.mll t UU1npw4tiU1.
-=iWJf1/llt, /lfiln·L bU7fiJ.Wf7dwfi UznU7/1' [Jfi/tbf7npu, n{11].m ltwql1wltbf1lJit/wamp;mfi!J hftwg,7/if t
tfi pwp/if7/] U/lf1WU7Gfil. pn[ n{1/lfi:
lf/1 pb, hWJf7/llt, /lfid 11nnwgwfi, UJUUlbl\ pwgwhwJUl~!U t [Jfi/tbf7npu pwno. ~u4 wnwug UU1npw4b-
tL tbfi pbf1/1 hmf7fi wfizbp: U1~· pwgwhwJUl~iiJ 4L~U~ nf71J.nL -u:
(=i. liJml1wfi;wfi) 2) bpp pwgwhWJUl~!~ hbU1 q.np6w6l[w6 t hbU1WflWU ~w~.
UblJIU7bl1pbf7/1 11b/t£!, uftflliL/1. bf7bfuwfibf7, ltqwnfiw dbf7 lt;wfie/1 w- U;u wl1bfi[J pn[nf7/lu · dbq l.t 11/iq hwl1wf7 /tWU7Wf7tfwa/1 11/lw;fi 11/1
11bfiwhftzwf7dwfi Of7bf7ftg 11/ilt£!: 11wufi t:
t. ltp4UWfl~l1 1& ... 1&, pb ... pb, ~Wil ... ~wtl, n! ... nt 2WI1.4W~Ubpnl[ uw /1!1 11n{1 · fl{1lJibu wnwpftfi funf7hf71J.WU7m/1 hbU7 lL funf7hf71J.W/tgbg:
ljWUJW4gl[w6 pwnbp~, UWj"uWflWUnLpjnLUUtip~ ll~2L.. 3) bpp Ulpwllwpwuwljwu 2ti2U11J pwgwhWJUl~!~ l[pw []UljUbLm
w) uw /tWf7QWlJIWh t wl1bfintf7bp 'pl:i'U7Wfi[J, pb'IJU!f7ngmt1, pllrywnul: ILjWUltiwnnl[ uUlnpnqJWL~ hwuq.mJQIJ 4wll odwUflw~ pwm 'lllt.l.mll t
p) u{1wfip n{1n21iL bfi w11nwfi!J hwfiquU7wfiw[ ltwtl Ul.twfimtl, ltwl1 pwgwhwJU1~!~9 hbUln.
'7-/1[/lpwfinuJ, ltwl1 Lnnftnul: dwtlwfiwltwltftg hw; b{1wdzU7mp;mfi!J 11/ia ltnl1utnQ/1U7nf7/lfi' 4n-
q) u{1wfie l.t ·U7bufiml1 l/lfi wl1bfi /lfif, l.t ·n1/lfi11l/lfi hwuqwfiml1: I1/1U7{JJu/lfi t lJIWf7111W/twfi /1!1 qw{1qwgl1wfi 11/1 2Wf1R qnql1bf7ntf: Ul1nw-
C. lf~2WflWu U1pnhl[w6 flbppwjwljwu flW11~t.l.w6~g wnw2 L. hbUln. fiD' UJL!bfiWW{1l.tflU7 Of7G{1/lfi f fiw U/1{1mt1 fiuU7G[ lJIWf7U7bqnul:
uf7wfip, wtfwf7U7b[nt/ /lf1bfig wzjuwU7wfip£!, u/tubgftfi oqfib[ [Jfi- 4) bpp pwgwhWUl~!~(j 1ta12n!l'lnLil t hwl[tiLW4WU f[ 2WI'J.ljW~[!:
ftbf7fib{1/lfi: 381
w) bw, t0UJ}UJ61/wlllwnnqpmpp.U01J, C;l~.J!,'lu t' wzfUWlllWOpft:
lfbp fJUJUWf1UJ0/1 Wt/UJQ[J. L/1!/IPO lL UJjfJ /jUJf1&/1JJ/10 l: p) Utlpw1.17f!, hwljwnwlj /1{1 hWJWUJJiibp/16, .7t.-ti.u.1w;Ompjntli t 111qbf.'
dU. Ubljuwl.jwu pwn~g wnw2. ·'l. Uunnnz wnmlln~ p~wn4~wo hbmw;1wu pwqllUJLj~ bupwljwub-
Upzwl/wtunu1p!i ·1Uzunf11/bg fJDU//1 t{bgbf1nf1fJ w;tuwf1hwtlwu, WJO 11~9 wnw~.
f. l//JU7ut{Jl!L'1/!f}.W: UJ) ~UJ}UJUUIUJ/ift ~UJ0f7WU/bU7nLfJ}UJfi i}ba /}UJI]UJ/}0/i{Tii bO'
dP. VwUlbGwq~lnUlljL!IO Wf'lpjnq'l~ uljwnwqnnLPJWU llb~ ul:in~w bflb.UJO, 4Jnttlf7ft, clw0wdnf7:
;u.:g~nq unuwL ul:i~~ ll~£1.:. · ,;) r.,,'.'J fJWI/wOwa uljqpnt0JJ0bf10 lifT wqwwmp;m IJ, Wf1fJWf7ntp-
u,. Cftf1J/w0qw!].!i, bf1/jbpft tftwljwwwp dnqnl/w&m, h. 8, bf1uw0, JntO, tlUJf1fJUIU/Jf1ntpjm0:
1951, lp 421: . b. ta~wp~llwuo a'wtunnflnf'l pwn~ 41'1UJ, bp!J ?ii!.Ur•4l[nq pwq!lw~n
4. Pmpn fln~mll r wQflwllllbp[! hwllwnw~wL~WO bQ.
i
393
392
.~~lqunfibp~ l1b2 wolhlnq wfinLDfibp~ hnLntlw~wD
flbpfwtlnprn.pJnLDDbp~ I& hnllbrt~ ~npO'wbmpJnLDQ ......................... 72
ntrtrtWtununLpjnL[i .................. ,. ....................................................... 74
t;p~nL JunUR······· ....................................................................................3 qpwpwDnL~JnLD (~pw~~~w) .............................................................. 78
Unw2wpw[i ...........................................................................................4 =tWJ~W(flliD WJpnLpb(i~ UIWDbrt~ wDI[wDnulD nL
qpw~wti tbctnL I& pwppwofibp ..............................................................6 PtlWJ~D wpdb;o ................................................................................ 79
=twJbpb[i[i ~ppl£ hOI\btlpnlqw~w[i LbqnL ............................................... 8 Swnwll.WI'I6nLpJnLD .............................................................................80
=twjng Lbcttl~ qwp~wgllw[i \flnLtbl'l[! ........................ \......................... 1'0 Pwawq.~mnLpJnLfi ............................................................................82
1pli hwjl:ipbli (qpwpw(1) .......................... : ............................................... 11 Pwa~ uwhdwDnuiQ .............................................................................84
U. UwzUtng[! L. hwJ qpbfltl qJnLLnl! ............................................................ 14 PwnnLJp, pwnwbl.&brl.& pwo~ lllWflpbf1w~[lbp ............................................ 88
U~2~1i hwJbf1bli ......................................., ............................................... 15 t"dwumwpwl:inLpJnLI:i ..................................:................................... 90
lJnf' q11w~wli hwJbpbli (wzfuwphwpwr) ........... ...... : .•. .............................. 17 UbD~dwum I£ pwql1~dwu111 pwobp ..................................................... 93
Upl.&bLwllwJ L. wpl.&Llmwhwj qpw4wli [bqntlibf1 .......................................... 23 Pwawu,wzwp~ 61£w~dwutnwJ~D Judpbpo .........................................95
ctwl1wDw~w~~g hwJng Lbcttl~ hwdw~WI'I~D- ..................................... 25 qndwD~zDbp, DpwDg mbuw~Dbpo .....................................................95
=tOunLI:iwpwlinLpJnLfi .......................................................................27 =tw~wCi~zDbp, DpwDg mbuw~Dbp[! .................................................. 105
=tfi1JnLD[ibp~ I\WUW~Wp~nLd[! .............................................................29 =twJbpbD~ hwdwCinLDDbpo && DpwDg anbuw~Dbpo ........................... 108
=twJb(lbli~ pwrtwOwJulibi'IQ I.& li11wlig 'lwuw~wpqntall! ................................ 30 =tWJbpbll~ hwpwlliuDObp[! ................................................................ 112
bf'~pwppwnubp I.& bf1~hli1JnLiilibf1 ............................................................ 34 t"dwumwlflntunLpJnLI:i ................................................................... 114
'-lwD~ I& tnnrtWI\WI'Ic\ ............................................................................36 Pwobp~ ~dwuU1w\flnJunL,JWil hMnLD;Dbp[! ................................... 116
=twjbpb[ift zbzU1[! .................................................................................39 dwdwDw~w~~g hwjbpb[i~ pWDWIJIWZWI'I[! ..................................... 119
398 399
Lbf!qnf16ni'J. wOnli'J.I'J.W~~ tuO'l~fl bp~f!ftf!'lW~WO
iiwtuw'lUJunL~Jn LOutp ...........................................-, •.•••...•.•..•••••..••••.•• 363
Pwj~IIWUUl~ (punl~JWO) tuurlftfl b(l~flftfl'lW~wO
OUJtuw'lwunLpJnL0ubf1 •.•.•.•••.• , ...........................................................3d4
'llWf!WqLi.IJW~wli bfi~Jlnfii'JW~wti Owtuw'lwi.mLpJnllilibp ........................... 385
P.wqdwpwp~ [iwtuw~wunLpJnLIUibp ............................................... ;310
P.wp~ umnp~wuwlfWil [iUJtuwl\l:IJUnLpJwli LlfWrtqbgnLd (lwll .. .
lflntuwllbpllfnut .............. :..........................:..................................... 372
"lwrtpbpnLJP ............................................. :.:~t:~ ..................... ~............ 313
U~vwD(IJWL la [ibrtfl(IJWL [iwtuWflWUnLpjnUUibrt ...............................J7l4
0Lp~z~ funuJl .....................................................................................375
4bU1Wf1.flnLpJnLli .............................................................................377
SpnhnLpJw[i [izw[illbp .......................................................................377
P.wgwhwJLnnLpJw[i [izw[ilibrJ ..............................................- ............ 385
Uan(}wllnLpJwll [izw[i[ibp ..................................................................391
O(}LnW(}nrt61fw6 L. hw[i61lwnwpl{nq (}rtW(IwrinLpJnLil ..................... 393
Pn.l{wllflwllnLpJi'ILO .............................................................................394