TPCC02: TOUR AND TRAVEL

MIDTERM: 1ST SEMESTER REVIEWER

CHAPTER 1: Introduction
An overview of the Tourism ● Warm Hospitality and Kindness of People
Industry
● Beautiful Sceneries / Nice Beaches
WHAT IS TOURISM?
 Activities of persons travelling to and ● Good Food / Liquor / Fruits
staying in places outside their usual
environment for not more ● Have Friends / Relatives in the Philippines
than one year for leisure
business and other purposes. ● Sunny Weather

 UNTWO - United Nations World GREATEST TURN-OFF THE PHILIPPINES

Tourism Organization
● Heavy traffic
 Tourism Industry - is a composite
industry and entities, both public and ● Air and water Pollution / Dirty Environment / Bad
private, involved in planning, Roads
development, marketing, sales, Tourism
industry operation and evaluations of ● Wide Spread of Poverty / Beggars
destinations, products and services that
cater the needs of travelers both foreign ● Dirty toilets or Absence of toilets
and domestic.
● Crime incidents / Poor peace and Order Situation
VISITOR TRAVEL CHARACTERISTICS
● People always asking for tips
● Holiday still tops the main purpose of visitors to
● Rainy/Humid/Bad Weather
the Philippines
● Poor Airport Facilities and Services
● Tourists looking for more customized or
specially- designed tours according to needs
● Dishonest/Reckless taxi drivers
● Increase in Repeat Visitors
Republic Act 9593
● More spenders on shopping, accommodation TOURISM ACT OF 2009
and Food & Beverage

EXPECTATIONS OF TOURISTS

● Memorable experience in the Philippines for

their holidays

● Safety and security in the destinations of choice

● Value-for-money tourist accommodations

and facilities

● Excellent services from front liners

● Excellent, affordable food

THE GOVERNMENT SECTOR
● Attractive, accessible mode of transport  Department of Tourism (DOT)
services  Philippine Tourism Promotions Board
 Tourism Infrastructure Enterprise Zone
● Hospitality of Filipinos as a unique Experience Authority (TIEZA)
 Duty Free Philippines Corporation
● IT’S MORE FUN IN THE PHILIPPINES, seen  National Historical Institute (NHI)
and felt  National Parks Development
 Committee (NPDC)
 Intramuros Administration (IA)
GREATEST COME-ONS OF THE PHILIPPINES  Nayong Pilipino Foundation(NPFI)
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 Philippine Retirement Authority PRA) increasing tourist arrivals and tourism
investment.
THE PRIVATE SECTOR
 TRANSPORATION COMPANIES Tourism Infrastructure & Enterprise
Zone Authority (TIEZA)
 LODGING INDUSTRIES
 The Philippine Tourism Authority PTA)
 FOOD & BEVERAGE INDUSTRIES created on May 11, 1973 pursuant to
Presidential Decree No. 189
 ATTRACTION & ACTIVITIES  Responsible in designating, regulating
INDUSTRIES and in supervising the tourism
enterprise zones. Also, they mare
 THE TRAVEL AND TRADE mandated to develop, manage and
supervise tourism infrastructures

Duty free Philippines

 Responsible for operating the duty

and tax-free merchandising system in
the Philippines to augment the service
facilities and tourists and to generate
foreign exchange and revenues for
the government.

National historical institute (NHI)

 declared certain sites, churches and
places as national shrines,
monuments, and/or landmarks, and
placed their preservation, restoration
and/or reconstruction under the
Department of Tourism
supervision and control of the National
 The department of Tourism
 the National Historical Institute was
(Kagawaran ng Turismo, DOT) is the
given the right to declare historical
executive department of the Philippine
and cultural sites and edifices as
government responsible for regulation
national shrines, monuments and/or
of the Philippine tourism industry and
landmarks.
the promotion of the Philippines as a
 National Historical Institute has been
tourist destination.
given the authority for the
preservation, restoration, and/or
 The Department of Tourism (DOT)
reconstruction of several historic sites
was created by virtue of Presidential
and buildings
Decree No. 189. It is the primary
policy- making, planning,
programming, coordinating and
administrative entity of the executive
branch of government
in the development of the tourism industry, both National Parks Development Committee
domestic and international. (NPDC)

PHILIPPINE TOURISM PROMOTIONS  The NPDC is a government agency

BOARD (TPB) that is tasked to oversee national
parks in the Philippines. It was
 Responsible for marketing and established primarily for the purpose
promoting the Philippines domestically of developing and maintaining
and internationally as a major global national Parks specifically Rizal Park
tourism destination, highlighting the or Luneta, Paco Park, the Pook ni
uniqueness and assisting the Maria Makiling and Burnham Park.
development of its tourism products
and services, with the end in view of Intramuros Administration (IA)
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 The Intramuros Administration (IA) LODGING INDUSTRY
shall be responsible for the orderly
restoration and development of  Tourism Industry across the globe has
Intramuros as a monument seen an unprecedented growth which in
turn has also resulted in tremendous
 Primary functions are to restore growth in accommodation facilities.
Intramuros and promote it as a tourist
destination.  It is very important for any tourist
destination to have comfortable hotels
Nayong Pilipino Foundation (NPFI) and accommodation facilities.

 Created primarily to promote  Ideally, the number of accommodation

Philippine Art and culture, aims facilities should be within the number
principally to undertake, promote, of tourist arrivals.
encourage and initiate the
development of projects in social CLASSIFICATION OF HOTELS
sciences and humanities and 1. According to size:
established parks and recreation a. Small Scale (under150 rooms)
centers for the promotion of tourism. b. Medium Scale (150 to 299 rooms)
c. Large Scale (300 and above)
Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA)
2.According to Target Market:
 Attract foreign nationals and former a. Commercial Hotels
Filipino citizens to invest, reside and b.Airport Hotels
retire in the Philippines with the end- c.Suite Hotels
view of accelerating the socio- d.Residential Hotels
economic development of the country, e.Resort Hotels
contributing to the foreign currency f.Bed & Breakfast Hotels
reserve to the economy. g.Time-share & Condominium
h.Casino Hotels
j.Conference Hotels
k.Convention Hotels

3. According to Levels of Service:

a. World-class service
b. Medium-range service
c. Economy / Limited Service

4. According to Location:
a. City Center
b. Suburban
c. Resort
d. Airport
PART 2: PRIVATE SECTOR e. Highway

 Lodging industry
5. According to Hotel Rating:
a. Five Star
 Food & Beverage Industry b. Four Star
c. Three Star
 Transportation Sector d. Two Star
e. One Star
 Attraction, Leisure and MICE sector
HOTEL CHARACTERISTICS
 Travel Trade
CITY CENTER HOTELS
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These hotels are located in the heart of a city. are available for various types of vacation properties
The type may vary greatly from business, such as resorts,
suites, condominiums, and apartments.
residential, economy, mid-scale to luxury
CASINO HOTEL
They have gambling operations which are their
SUBURBAN HOTELS majorrevenue centers. They also proide live
Suburban hotels tend to be smaller properties entertainment. A wide variety of luxury amenities,
which usually provide full-service, and locate hotel services including fine dining, casual dining
in the suburban and shopping centers are typically available on site.

AIRPORT HOTELS ALL SUITE HOTELS

These hotels designed specially to The guestrooms in these hotels are larger than the
normal hotel rooms with separate area for working,
accommodate air travelers. They offer mix of
sleeping, and relaxing.
facilities and amenities. The majority offer
guest' BOUTIQUE HOTELS
Boutique hotels differentiate themselves from
HIGHWAY HOTELS/MOTELS traditional hotels by providing personalized
they are assigned for overnight stays for car accommodation and services/facilities. They are
travelers, often with very basic facitlities. The rooms sometimes known as "design hotels "or "lifestyle
usually have direct access to an open parking lot. hotels
They are often smaller than most
hotels. EXTENDED-STAY HOTELS /
CONVENTION HOTELS
SERVICED APARTMENTS
These properties cater to guests who stay for and
These hotels can have 2000 rooms or more. In extended period. They usually offer
addition to accommodation, they provide Kitchen facilities, shopping services, business
extensive meeting and function space for serviced and limited housekeeping services.
holding conventions.
HISTORIC CONVERSION HOTELS
The guestrooms in these hotels are larger than the
normal hotel rooms with separate area for working,
sleeping, and relaxing.
COMMERCIAL HOTELS
they are located in downtown areas. They tend to be BED & BREAKFAST (B&B)
smaller than convential hotels. Meetings and They are usually family-owned. They are private
function space are smaller, and there are fewer homes whose owners lives on or near premises and
banquet areas. rents out rooms to overnight guests.

RESORT HOTELS GUEST HOUSES

these hotels are located in picturistique, sometimes Similar to Bed & Breakfast Inns but they tend to be
remote settings. Resorts typically provide a like small hotels in bigger cities. Facilities are
comprehensive array of recreational activities, limited but most rooms are air-conditioned with en-
variety of food beverage outlets from informal to suite shower and toilet.
fine dining.
HOSTELS
SPA HOTELS They are very cheap accommodation. The
They are located in resort-type setting or as part of sleeping arrangements are usually in dormitory style.
city spa hotels. They provide
accommodations, spa treatments, programs and CABINS
cuisines. Programs offered may include Bedrooms on a ship or train for passengers
relaxation/stress management, fitness, etc.
VILLAS/CHALETS
TIMESHARES/VACATION OWNERSHIP Usually found in skiing and beach resorts
A timeshare is a shared ownership model of vacation They are self-catering accommodation in a
property whereby multiple owners have exclusive private bungalow. It refers to small cottage with an
use of a property for a period of time. Timeshares overhanging roof in seaside resort (ex: beach houses)
 TPCC02: TOUR AND TRAVEL
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travel due to the perception that trains are more safe
FOOD & BEVERAGE INDUSTRY and inexpensive.

 The food & beverage industry, also known  INDRAIL

as foodservice industry, consists of  JAPAN BULLET TRAIN
businesses that prepare food for customers.  (SHINKANSEN)
 The food-service segment of the Tourism  EURAIL
industry continues to grow.  PHILIPPINE MRT/LRT
Examples:
 Restaurants AIR TRANSPORTATION
 Travel Food Service (in airplane, ships,
trains) Air transport is by far the most effective
transport mode. Air transport has revolutionized the
TRANSPORTATION SECTOR geographical aspect of distances, the most remote
areas can now be attained, any journey around the
Transportation is the key element in tourism world can be measured in terms of hours of
industry. traveling.
TWO CATEGORIES OF CIVIL AVIATION:
Accessibility is the main function behind  SCHEDULED
the basics of tourism transport.  CHARTERED

Each destination should be accessible by the tourists. SOME AIRLINES IN THE PHILIPPINES:
Modes of transportation may vary from air, sea, land  PHILIPPINE AIRLINES (PR)
and rail.  PAL EXPRESS (2P)
 CEBU PACIFIC (5J)
The role of transportation in the development of  AIR ASIA (Z2)
tourism is undeniably strong as it facilitates the
movement of the traveling tourists from their origin INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES FOR AIR
to the destination. It remains to be the most
TRANSPORTATION
important sector of the tourism industry with its
varied modes of travel available accordingly.
IATA - INTERNATIONAL AIR
LAND-BASED TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION

Automobile transport is the dominant mode on the  Founded in 1945 in Havana, Cuba
world tourism (77% of all journeys), notably because  Successor to the International Air
of the advantages such as flexibility, Traffic Association that was founded
price, and independence. in The Hague, year 1919 - the world' s
first international scheduled services
Tourists will often rent cars to journey within their
destinations, which has triggered an active clustering
with the following objectives
of car rental companies have emerged adjacent to the - Promote safe, regular and
main transport terminals (airports, train stations) and economical air transport
touristic venues. throughout the world
- ide for collaboration between air
 COACH TRAVELING transport agencies engaged
 CYCLING - Cooperate with the ICAO

RAIL TRANSPORTATION  IATA - the operational function is to

"ensure that the aircraft used to carry
Railroad was invented in Germany in 17th the passengers and goods are able to
century, and this eventually revolutionized operate with maximum safety and
transportation. Wooden tracks were first used, and it efficiency, under clearly defined and
was not until early 1800s that the first steel rails universally understood regulations ".
appeared in USA.
 To the member airlines - it provides
In the 19th and 20th centuries, the railways were solutions to problems beyond the resources
considered as the most powerful means for mass of any single airlines
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 To the government - it is the medium of SEA-BASED TRANSPORTATION
negotiation for international fares and CRUISING
agreements  Cruising is undeniably one of the present
times favorite mode of travel to enjoy
 To the traveling public - it ensures the holidays.
traveling public a safe and efficient  Cruises are mainly concentrated towards
operations of all airlines, proper business short sea journeys of about a week but also
practice by airlines and travel agents offers long durations for months of
cruising.
IATA - DESIGNATED AREAS:  Most of the cruise companies focused on
Area 1 (TC1)- North & South America the trends of cruise designs, amenities and
Area 2 (TC2)- Europe & Africa facilities that are compatible with the
Area 3 (TC3)- Asia & Pacific preferences of different types of
passengers/guests.
GLOBAL INDICATORS - CODES IN THE Examples of Cruise Lines:
AIRLINE INDUSTRY:
 Princess Cruises
AP - via Atlantic & Pacific
AT - via Atlantic  Royal Caribbean International
EH - within the Eastern Hemisphere (oasis-class Wonder of the Seas -
EM - via Europe - Middle East world' s biggest cruise ship)
EU - via Europe  Disney Cruise Lines
ME - via Middle East  Holland America Line
PA - via South, Central or North Pacific  Star Cruises
PN - via Pacific & North America
WH - Within the Western Hemisphere
ATTRACTION, LEISURE & MICE SECTOR
IATA AIRPORT CODES
- The International Air Transport  The business and organizations that
Association 's (IATA) Location Identifier provide attractions, recreations,
is a unique 3-letter code (also commonly entertainment, shopping and others
known as IATA code) used in aviation and comprise the major parts of tourism.
also in logistics to identify an airport.
 Theme parks such as Disneyland and
Universal Studios attract
IATA AIRLINE CODES
millions each year.
- The International Air Transport
Association has assigned each airline a 2-
 Gaming or gambling is also a growing
letter code
industry. It has now been legalized in
states other than
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION Nevada and New Jersey.
ORGANIZATION (ICAO)
 An agency of the United Nations that The Events Industry which is
creates regulations for aviation safety, Better known as MICE
security, efficiency and regularity, and (Meeting, Incentives,
environmental protection. The Convention and Exhibition)
organization also regulates operating Is also an emerging private
practices and procedures covering the sector in the tourism industry.
technical field of aviation.

ICAO CODES
 The ICAO codes are used by aviation
TRAVELTRADE
“professionals” of the aeronautical
Travel Trade is composed of travel managers and
transport sector (controllers, pilots, etc.),
tour operators, they are
but in general, they are not as well known
also known as intermediaries or middle man.
to passengers.
Both travel agency and Tour operators perform
The ICAO airport code or location indicator is a
the Functions of travel
four-letter code designating aerodromes around the
Operations and provide Services to their
world. These codes are used by air traffic control and
customers.
airline operations such as flight planning
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TOUR GUIDE AS PART OF TRAVEL TRADE  Selling individual components
An individual not only familiar with means a client can avail the product per
the past history and the older culture, at the same piece.
time acquired information with the current social
issues, environmental concerns, trends and events Wholesale travel agency
in the host  Develop package tours, which are
country. marketed to the customers/
tourists course through a retail travel
CHAPTER 2: TMC and TA agency or directly selling to the
Travel Management Companies prospective clients
and Travel Agencies  A wholesale travel agency purchases
travel components
Travel Management Companies from a supplier. Sometimes, the
 Travel Management Companies are resell it to another business
business entities engaged in companies organization.
providing services such as booking,  Wholesale travel agencies sell
arranging, and selling tourism products tour packages to the clients
namely accommodation, transportation, through retail travel agencies.
tour and other ancilliary needs of
 A basic tour package tour
travelers.
inclusions will be:
Air Tickets
 provide ongoing services with the aim of Accommodation
providing cost savings, companies Transfers
keeping control of a travel policy and
allowing the However, other services may also be included in it
client to spend less time on such as entertainment, sightseeing, sports
time-consuming travel arrangements. activities, etc.

Tour Operator
 Tour Operator is a business firm usually
buys individual travel components
separately from their suppliers and
combine them into a package tour.
 They sold it with their own price tag to
the public or through middle men.
 Moreover, these tour operators
are mainly responsible for delivering
and performing the
services included in the given package tour.
 Sometimes they are called
manufacturers of tourism products.

Travel Management Agency

 a business enterprise capable of selling
services pertaining to tours, cruises,
transportation, hotel accommodations,
meals, transfer, sightseeing, and other
elements to the general tourist.

TMA CLASSIFICATIONS

Retail travel agency

 travel agency sells tourist products
directly to the public on behalf of the
product suppliers these could be selling
individual components or in form of
package tour Sales and Revenue
 Negotiated or professional handling fee
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 Fixed Commissions  Changes in air ticket details, re-
 Service fees for ancillary services computation and reissue •Assist travel
 Production incentives and rebates counselor, and perform other duties

3.Liaison and Documentation Officer

CHARACTERISTICS OF A TRAVEL MANAGEMENT  Review related supporting paper for
AGENCY travel documents application and
processing
 Link between the clients and principal  Help the applicants accomplish forms
suppliers  Identify the corresponding visa and
 Ensures rapid travel service other requirements
 Provider of an authentic and  Check and follow up a schedule of
management agency reliable travel appointments to different Consul
information Offices and government agencies
 Establishes a good relationship with
clients and supplier. Tour Operation Department
 Undertake both field operation and
office procedure.
 Field operation is the conduct of the
actual tour, these include transfers of
the traveler, hotel check in, sightseeing
and other requirements and
preparations before, during and after
the tour.

CHAPTER 3: Markets & Destinations

OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT PHILIP KOTLER

- Market is a set of actual and potential
1. Travel Counselor buyers who might transact with a seller.
2. Liaison & documentation Officer This market can be physical or virtual
3. Reservation & Ticketing Officer space. (Kotler et al)
1.Travel Counselor TRAVEL MARKETS
 they provide update travel related - Travel markets are those prospective
information, suggest products and buyers who wants to avail/buy different
services that respond to the need of the tourism products.
travelers. Assist in marketing and sales Airline seat – passengers (PAX)
tram in terms of quotations and Hotel - guests
information. Restaurant – customers
Tours/tour guides – tourists
2.Reservation and Ticketing Officer
 Reservation with hotels, airlines and FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE A
other transportation services, tour POTENTIAL TRAVEL BUYER
operators and other travel suppliers
 Monitor reservation status until
1. Age
confirmed, and change reservation as
need arises - Age plays an important role in
 Issue itinerary receipts based on choosing your travel market.
electronic tickets
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YOUNG PEOPLE prefer various and new king
of experiences. They have high tolerance for TYPES OF TRAVELER
adventure type of activities. Budget
- Sightseeing oriented, usually travel by
MIDDLE AGED PERSONS comfort group. They are not so particular with
and ease is more important. Middle age travelers comfort.
use internet in choosing the best hotel and holiday
destinations. They usually pay attention to online Regular
reviews - Sight and activity oriented. They can
travel alone or by group. They check on
BABY BOOMERS (Seniors) the prefer mid- comfort but not so comfort is very
priced accommodation to budget luxury important.
accommodation. The elder people likes less active
type of holiday like bird watching or just staying High End
in beach front - Comfort is important. They have the
capacity to pay for
2. Gender leisure travel
- Gender plays an important role why
people travel. DESTINATIONS EVALUATION
 Accessibility
More women are joining the labor market, more
female travelers from different parts of the world.  Comfort and convenience
Because of good-paying jobs, more careers open
for women professionals which gave them the  Education and Entertainment
capability to spend for travel.
 Safety and Security
LGBT group is a growing market. They prefer to
spend holidays on western countries because they
feel that they are
accepted in Europe and in USA

TRAVEL MOTIVATORS
A travel motivator is a reason for
prompting a person to travel
- Business and professional
- Leisure, recreation and holidays
- VFR, health, religion, and others

Purpose of Travel
 For physical rest, recreation &
relaxation
 Participation in sports
 Visit friends & relatives
 Self-fulfilment
 wanderlust
 Knowing other people’s culture or way
of life
 Learning history and have a taste of
local food & drinks
 Interest in foreign areas
 Scenery

Travel demotivators
 Cost of travel
 Lack of time
 Health
 Family stage
 Lack of interest
 Fear and safety