Kinematics Sol

KINEMATICS-1D
WORK BOOK # 1
DISTANCE & DISPLACEMENT, SPEED & VELOCITY , AVERAGE SPEED & AVERAGE
VELOCITY
1. A particle moves in a straight line for 20 seconds with velocity 3 m/s and then moves with
velocity 4 m/s for another 20 seconds and finally moves with velocity 5m/s for next 20
seconds. What is the average velocity of the particle?
(A) 3 m/s (B*) 4 m/s (C) 5 m/s (D) zero
Total Displacement
Sol. Average velocity =
Total time
s1 s 2 s3 v t v 2 t 2 v3 t 3
= = 11
t1 t 2 t 3 t1 t 2 t 3
3 20 4 20 5 20 240
= = = 4 m/sec
20 20 20 60
2. An object travels 10 km at a speed of 100 m/s and another 10 km at 50 m/s. The average speed
over the whole distance is:-
(A) 75 m/s (B) 55 m/s (C*) 66.7 m/s (D) 33.3 m/s
Total distance covered 2s 2V1V2
Sol. Average speed = vavg = = =
Total time taken s s V1 V2
v1 v 2
2 100 50 10000
= = = 66.7 m/sec
150 150
3. The magnitude of average velocity is equal to the average speed when a particle moves :
(A) On a curved path (B*) in the same direction
(C) With constant acceleration (D) with constant retardation
Sol. If the motion of a particle is along a straight line and in same direction then, average velocity =
average speed
4. A car runs at constant speed on a circular track of radius 10 m taking 6.28 s on each lap (i.e.
round). The average speed and average velocity for each complete lap is :
(A) Velocity 10 m/s, speed 10 m/s (B*) Velocity zero, speed 10 m/s
(C) Velocity zero, speed zero (D) Velocity 10 m/s, speed zero
Sol. speed v is constant
2 r 2 3.14 10
Average speed vavg = = = 10 m/sec. (constant)
t 6.28
Displacement s = 0
so Average velocity vavg = 0
H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 1
www.nucleuseducation.in
KINEMATICS-1D
5. A particle moving in a straight line covers half the distance with speed of 12 m/s. The other
half of the distance is covered in two equal time intervals with speed of 4.5 m/s and 7.5 m/s
respectively. The average speed of the particle during this motion is:
(A*) 8.0 m/s (B) 12.0 m/s (C) 10.0 m/s (D) 9.8 m/s
s/2 s/2
t1 t t
s1 s2
Sol. t2 = 2t
s s
Average speed vavg = vavg .....(1)
t1 t 2 t1 2t
s
v0t1 = s/2 t1 = and s1 + s2 = s/2
2v 0
s
v1t + v2t = s/2 t= ....(2)
2(v1 v 2 )
from (1) & (2)
s 24
vavg = = = 8 m/sec
s s 3
2
2v0 2(v1 v2 )
6. A car travels a distance d km on a straight road in two hours and then returns to the starting
point in next three hours. Its average speed is:
d 2d d d
(A) km/h (B*) km/h (C) km/h (D) none of these
5 5 2 3
Total Distance
Sol. Average Speed vavg =
Total time
d d 2d
= = km/h
2 3 5
KINEMATICS-1D
7. A particle goes from A to B with a speed of 40km/h and B to C with a speed of 60km/h. If
AB = 6BC, the average speed in km/h between A and C is ____
Ans. 42 km/hr
v1 v2
Sol. A B C
AB = 6BC
d AB BC 6BC BC
Average Speed vavg = = =
t AB BC 6BC BC
v1 v1 40 60
7
= = 7 × 6 = 42 m/sec
1 9 1
10 6
8. A car moving on a straight road covers one third of a certain distance with 20 km/h and rest
with 60 km/h. The average speed is:
2
(A) 40 km/h (B) 80 km/h (C) 46 km / h (D*) 36 km/h
3
d 2d
Sol. Let Total Distance = d d1 = d2 =
3 3
d d d2 d d
Average Speed vavg = = 1 = = = 36 km/h
t t1 t 2 d1 d 2 d 2d
v1 v 2 3 20 3 60
9. A train covers the first half of the distance between two stations with a speed of 40 km/h and
the other half with 60 km/h. Then its average speed is:-
(A) 50 km/h (B*) 48 km/h (C) 52 km/h (D) 100 km/h
2v1v 2 2 40 60 2 4 6 100
Sol. Average Speed vavg = = = = 48 Km/h
v1 v 2 40 60 100
KINEMATICS-1D
10. A body covers one-third of the distance with a velocity v1 the second one-third of the distance
with a velocity v2, and the last one-third of the distance with a velocity v3. The average velocity
is:
v v v3 3v1v2 v3
(A) 1 2 (B)
3 v1v2 v2 v3 v3 v1
v v v2 v3 v3 v1 vv v
(C*) 1 2 (D) 1 2 3
3 3
s
Sol. Let Total Displacement = s s1 s 2 s 2
3
s s s
Average Velocity vavg = = =
t1 t2 t3 s1 s2 s3 s s s
v1 v2 v3 3v 1 3v 2 3v3
3v1v 2 v3
=
v 2 v3 v1v3 v1v 2
11. The numerical ratio of displacement to the distance covered is always :-

(A) Less than one (B) Equal to one
(C*) Equal to or less than one (D) Equal to or greater than one
s
Sol. 1
d
KINEMATICS-1D
12. A point object traverses half the distance with velocity v0. The remaining part of the distance is
covered with velocity v1 for the half time and with velocity v2 for the rest half. The average
velocity of the object for the whole journey is
(A) 2v1(v0 + v2) / (v0 + 2v1 + 2v2) (B) 2v (v0 + v1)/(v0 + v1 + v2)
(C*) 2v0 (v1 + v2) / (v1 + v2 + 2v0) (D) 2v2 (v0 + v1) / (v1 + 2v2 + v0)
Sol.
v0 t t
v1 v2
s1 s2
s s
s1 s 2 Vt t V2 t
2 2
s
t
2(v1 v 2 )
s s
Average velocity vavg = =
t1 2t s s
2
2v0 2 v1 v2
2v0 (v1 v 2 )
vavg =
(v1 v 2 2v 0 )
13. Select the incorrect statements from the following.

S1: Average velocity is path length divided by time interval.
S2: In general, average speed is greater than the magnitude of the average velocity
S3: A particle moving in a given direction with a non-zero velocity can have zero speed.
S4: The magnitude of average velocity is the average speed.
(A) S2 and S3 (B) S1 and S4 (C*) S1, S3 and S4 (D) All four statements
Sol.
14. An athlete completes one round of a circular track of radius R in 20 seconds. What will be his
displacement at the end of 2 minutes 20 seconds?
(A*) Zero (B) 2R (C) 2 R (D) 7 R
Sol. One Round in 20 sec.
140
Number of Round in 2 minute 20 sec are n = = 7 round.
20
so displacement s = 0
KINEMATICS-1D
15. If the distance covered is zero, the displacement:
(A*) Must be zero (B) may or may not zero
(C) Cannot be zero (D) depends upon the particle
Sol.
16. If displacement of a particle is zero, the distance covered:
(A) Must be zero (B*) may or may not be zero
(C) Cannot be zero (D) depends upon the particle
Sol.
17. Three particles P, Q and R are situated at point A on the circular path of radius 10 m. All three
particles move along different paths and reach point B as shown in figure. Then the ratio of
distance traversed by particles P and Q is :
P
Q
A O
R
B
3 1 3
(A) (B) (C*) (D)
4 3 4 3
Sol. distance dQ = 2R
3 3 R
dP = 2 R =
4 2
dP 3 R 1 3
= =
dQ 2 2R 4
KINEMATICS-1D
WORK BOOK # 2
ACCELERATION, AVERAGE ACCLERATION & APPLICATION OF CALCULUS
1. If x denotes displacement in time t and x = acost, then acceleration is :

(A) acost (B*) acost (C) asint (D) a sint
dx
Sol. v= = asint
dt
dv
a= = acost
dt
2. The position x of a particle varies with time (t) as x = at2 bt3. The acceleration at time t of the
particle will be equal to zero, where t is equal to:
2a a a
(A) (B) (C*) (D) zero
3b b 3b
2 3
Sol. x = at bt
dx
velocity v = = 2at 3bt2
dt
dv
Acceleration a0 = = 2a 6bt
dt
2a 6bt = 0
a
t=
3b
3. The displacement of a particle starting from rest (at t= 0) is given by s = 6t2 t3
The time when the particle will attain zero velocity again, is:
(A*) 4s (B) 8s (C) 12 s (D) 16s
ds d
Sol. v= = (6t2 t3) = 12t 3t2
dt dt
12t 3t2 = 0 t =4s
4. The velocity of a body depends on time according to the equation, v = 20 + 0.1t2. The body has:
(A) Uniform acceleration (B) uniform retardation
(C*) non-uniform acceleration (D) zero acceleration
dv d
Sol. a= = (20 + 0.1t2) = 0.2 t
dt dt
Acceleration is a function of time so a is not constant.
KINEMATICS-1D
2 3
5. A body is moving according to the equation x = at + bt ct . Then its instantaneous speed is
given by:-
(A) a + 2b + 3ct (B*) a + 2bt 3ct2 (C) 2b 6t (D) None of these
dx d
Sol. Instantaneous speed v = = ( at + bt2 ct3)= a + 2bt 3ct2
dt dt
6. The motion of a particle described by the equation x = a + bt2 where a = 15 cm and b = 3

cm/sec2. Its instantaneous velocity at time 3 sec will be:-
(A) 36 cm /sec (B*) 18 cm/sec (C) 16 cm/sec (D) 32 cm/sec
dx d
Sol. Instantaneous velocity v = = (a + bt2) = 2bt
dt dt
vt=3 = 2 × 3 × 3 = 18 cm/sec
7. If for a particle position x t 2 then:-

(A) Velocity is constant (B*) Acceleration is constant
(C) Acceleration is variable (D) none of these
Sol. x t2 so x = kt2
dx d(kt 2 )
v= 2 kt (not constant)
dt dt
dv d(2 kt)
a= = 2k (Constant acceleration)
dt dt
8. The displacement of a particle is represented by the following equation: s = 3t3 + 7t2 + 5t + 8

Where s is in metres and t in second. The acceleration of the particle at t = 1s is:-
(A) 14 m/s2 (B) 18 m/s2 (C*) 32 m/s2 (D) zero
ds d(3t 3 7 t 2 5 t 8)
Sol. v
dt dt
dv d(9 t 2 14 t 5)
a= =18t + 14
dt dt
at t =1 a=18+14 = 32m/sec2
KINEMATICS-1D
Passage for Ques. 9 to 11
A particle is moving along a straight line and it position is given by x = t3 t2 + 1 velocity is
dx d2x
given by and acceleration is given by 2
dt dt
9. Velocity of the particle at t = 2s is -
(A) 2 m/s (B) 4 m/s (C) 6 m/s (D*) 8 m/s
dx d(t 3 t 2 1)
Sol. v = 3t2 2t
dt dt
at t = 25
v = 3(2)2 2(2) = 8m/sec
10. Acceleration of the particle at t = 1s

(A) 2 m/s2 (B*) 4 m/s2 (C) 6 m/s2 (D) zero
2
dv d(3t 2 t)
Sol. a= = = 6t 2
dt dt
at t = 1s a = 6(1) 2 = 4m/sec
11. Time at which acceleration is zero -

4 2 1
(A) t = sec (B) t = sec (C) t = 1 sec (D*) t = sec
3 3 3
Sol. 6t 2=0
2 1
t= sec
6 3
KINEMATICS-1D
WORK BOOK # 3
APPLICATION OF CALCULAS
1. The relation t x 3 describes the position of a particle where x is in meters and t is in

seconds. The position, when velocity is zero, is :-
(A) 2 m (B) 4 m (C) 5 m (D*) zero
Sol. t= x 3
x = (t 3)2
dx d(t 3) 2
Velocity v = = = 2t – 6
dt dt
6
for v = 0 2t – 6 =0 t= =3 second
2
so x t 3 (3 3)2 0
2. The displacement of a particle is given by y = a + bt + ct2 – dt4. The initial velocity and
acceleration are respectively.
(A) b, – 4d (B) –b, 2c
(C*) b , 2c (D) 2c, –4d
dy d(a bt ct 2 dt 4 )
Sol. Velocity v = = b + 2ct – 4dt3
dt dt
initial velocity at t =0 is Vi = b
dv d(b 2ct 4dt 3 )
Acceleration a = = 2C–12dt2
dt dt
Initial acceleration at t = 0 is ai = 2C
3. Which of the following relations representing displacement x of a particle describes motion

with constant acceleration ?
(A) x = 6 – 7 t–2 (B) x = 3t2 + 5t3 + 7
2
(C*) x = 9t + 8 (D) x = 4t–2 + 3t–1
dx d(9 t 2 8)
Sol. velocity v = = 18t
dt dt
dv d(18 t)
Acceleration = 18
dt dt
Corporate Office: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indra Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005, Call: 0744-2799900 9
KINEMATICS-1D
4. Equation of a particle moving along the x axis is x = u(t – 2) + a(t – 2)2

(A) the initial velocity of the particle is u (B) the acceleration of the particle is a
(C*) the acceleration of the particle is 2a (D*) at t = 2 particle is at origin
2
Sol. x = (t – 2)+a(t – 2)
dx d(u(t 2) a(t 2) 2 )
Velocity v = = = u+ 2at – 4a
dt dt
vinitial = u–4a
dv d(u 2at 4a)
Acceleration a0= = 2a
dt dt
at t = 2, x = 0 (particle is at origin).
5. The intial velocity of a particle is u (at t= 0) and the acceleration is given by f = at. Which of
the following relations is valid ?
at 2
(A) v = u + at2 (B*) v u (C) v = u + at (D) v = u
2
dv
Sol. Acceleration f = dv = fdt
dt
v t
at 2
dv = atdt v–u =
u 0
2
at 2
v=u+
2
6. Starting from rest, the acceleration of a particle is a = 2(t–1). The velocity of the particle at
t = 5s is :-
(A*) 15 m/s (B) 25 m/s (C) 5 m/s (D) None of these
Sol. dv = adt
V t 5
dV 2(t 1)dt
0 0
5
2t 2 5
V= 2t 0
= 25 – 10 = 15 m/s
2 0
7. A particle moves in a straight line so that t = x 2 1 then a is equal to -

1 1 t2 t2 t2 1
(A*) 3 (B*) (C) (D)
x x x3 x3 x3 x2
Sol.
KINEMATICS-1D
8. The velocity-time relation of an electron starting from rest is given by u = kt, where k = 2 m/s2.
The distance traversed in 3 sec is :
(A*) 9 m (B) 16 m (C) 27 m (D) 36 m
Sol. dx = udt
x 3
k 2 3
dx ktdt = t
0 0
2 0
2
= (3) 2 =9m
2
Passage for Q.9 to Q.11
A particle is moving along x axis with acceleration a = (6m/s3)t – 6m/s2. If particle is initially at
the origin and velocity is v0 = 2m/s.
9. Velocity of particle is given by -
(A) (6t – 6) (B*) 3t2 – 6t +2 (C) 3t2 – 6t – 2 (D) 3t2 – 6t
v t v t
6t 2 6t 2
Sol. dv adt dv (6 t 6) dt v– v0 = 6t v= 6t v0
v0 0 v0 0
2 2
V= 3t2 –6t + 2
10. Position of particle is given by -

(A) 3t2 – 6t + 2 (B*) t3 – 3t2 + 2t (C) 3t2 – 6t (D) 3t2 – 6t + 5
x t
Sol. dx Vdt
0 0
t
3t 3 6t 2
x= 3t 2 6t 2 x= 2t
0
3 2
x = t3 – 3t2 + 2t
11. Particle comes at x = 0 at -

(A*) t = 1s (B*) t = 2s (C) t = 3s (D) t = 4s
3 2
Sol. t –3t + 2t = 0
at t = 1 x=1–3+2=0
at t= 2 x = 8 – 12 + 4 = 0
KINEMATICS-1D
WORK BOOK # 4
1. A particle located at x = 0 at time t = 0, starts moving along the positive x-direction with a
velocity v which varies as v = x , then velocity of particle varies with time as : ( is a
constant)
(A*) v t (B) v t 2 (C) v t (D) v = constant
Sol. v= x ...(1)
x 1 t
dx dx
x dt x 2 dx dt
dt x 0 0
1
x2
t 2 x t
1/ 2
t
x ...(2)
2
From eq (1) & (2)
2
t t
v=
2 2
So v t
2. A particle moves along a straight line such that its displacement at any time t is given by
s = t3 – 6t2 + 3t + 4 metres. The velocity when the acceleration is zero is :
(A) 3 m/s (B) –12 m/s (C) 42 m/s (D*) –9 m/s
ds d(t 3 6 t 2 3t 4)
Sol. v = 3t2 – 12t + 3
dt dt
dv d(3t 2 12 t 3)
a = 6t – 12
dt dt
12
6t – 12 = 0 t= = 2 sec.
6
So v = 3(2)2 – 12(2) + 3 = –9 m/s.
KINEMATICS-1D
3. for a body moving on a straight line –
(A) Average speed can be less than the minimum speed attained by the body.
(B*) Average speed cannot be less than the minimum speed attained by the body
(C*) Magnitude of average velocity can be less than the minimum speed attained
(D) Magnitude of average velocity cannot be less than minimum speed attained.
Sol.
4. An object may have–

(A) Varying speed without having varying velocity
(B*) Varying velocity without having varying speed
(C) Non-zero acceleration without having varying velocity
(D*) Non-zero acceleration without having varying speed
Sol.
5. If the velocity of a body is constant -

(A*) |Velocity| = speed (B*) |Average velocity| = speed
(C*) Velocity = average velocity (D*) Speed = average speed
Sol. If velocity of a body is constant means, body moves with constant speed along a straight line.
dv
6. A body moves so that it follows the following relation = –v2 + 2v – 1 where v is speed in
dt
m/s and t is time in second. If at t = 0, v = 0 then
(A*) Terminal velocity is 1 m/s
(B*) The magnitude of initial acceleration is 1 m/s2
1
(C) Instantaneous speed is v =
1 t
(D*)The speed is 1.5 m/s when acceleration is one fourth of its initial value
dV
Sol. Here is acceleration a
dt
(A) Terminal velocity when a = 0 so –V2 + 2V–1 = 0
–V2 + V+V–1 =0 –V(V–1)+1(V–1)
(–V+1)(V–1) = 0 V = 1 m/sec
(B) When V = 0 a = 1 m/sec
1
(D) V 2 2V 1 V = 1.5
4
KINEMATICS-1D
7. Equation of a particle moving along the x axis is :
x = u (t – 2) + a (t – 2)2
(A) the initial velocity of the particle is u (B) the acceleration of the particle is a
(C*) the acceleration of the particle is 2a (D*) at t = 2 particle is at origin
2
dx d u t – 2 a t–2
Sol. V= = = u+2at – 4a at t = 0 vt=0 = u – 4a
dt dt
dv d u 2at – 4a
Acceleration a0 = = 2a
dt dt
at t = 2 x=0
8. The position of particle travelling along x-axis is given by xt = t3 – 9t2 + 6t where xt is in cm

and t is in second. Then–
(A*) the body comes to rest firstly at (3 – 7)s and then at (3 + 7) s
(B) the total displacement of the particle in travelling from the first zero of velocity to the
second zero of velocity is zero
(C*) the total displacement of the particle in travelling from the first zero of the velocity to the
second zero of velocity is –74 cm
(D*) the particle reverses its velocity at (3 – 7) s and then at (3 + 7)s and has a negative
velocity for (3 – 7)s < t < (3 + 7)s
Sol.

A particle moves in positive x-direction according to law s = 12t – t2 m. where t time in
second. (Take + ve x-direction as + ve)
9. Average velocity from t = 0 to t = 8 sec is
(A*) 4 m/s (B) 6 m/s (C) 8 m/s (D) – 4 m/s
2
Sol. s = 12t – t
Displacement st = 8= 12(8) – (8)2 = 32
32
Average velocity vavg = = 4m/sec
8
KINEMATICS-1D
10. Average speed from t = 0 to t = 8 sec is -
(A) 4 m/s (B*) 5 m/s (C) 6 m/s (D) 8 m/s
2
Sol. s = 12t – t m Average speed t = 0 to t = 8sec
P v=0
x=0 s0
32 s0
s = 12 × 8 –(8)2 = 32
dx
v= = 12 – 2t v = 0=12–2t
dt
t = 6 sec
P = 12 × 6 – 36 = 4m so D= 32 + (2s0) = 32 + (2 × 4 ) =40
40
soVavg = = 5m/sec
8
11. Average acceleration from t = 0 sec to t = 8 sec is-

1 1 1
(A) – m/s2 (B) + m/s2 (C) – m/s2 (D*) – 2 m/s2
4 4 2
Sol. v = 12 – 2t
vt=0 = 12 vt=8 =12 – 2(8) = –4m/sec
V2 V1 4 12 16
aavg = = = = –2 m/sec2
t 8 8
KINEMATICS-1D
WORK BOOK # 5
1. The velocity of a particle is zero at t = 0, then -

(A) the acceleration at t = 0 must be zero
(B*) the acceleration at t = 0 may be zero
(C*) if the acceleration is zero from t = 0 to t = 10 s. the speed is also zero in this interval.
(D*) if the speed is zero from t = 0 to t = 10 sec, then the acceleration is also zero in the interval
Sol.
2. Let v and a denote the velocity and acceleration respectively of a body in one-dimensional
motion –
(A) | v | must decrease when a < 0
(B) Speed must increase when a > 0
(C*) Speed will increase when both v and a are< 0
(D*) Speed will decrease when v < 0 and a > 0
Sol. If acceleration is in same direction as velocity, then speed of the particle increases.
If acceleration is in opposite to the velocity then speed decreases, the particle slow down.
3. Pick the correct statements –

(A*) Average speed of a particle in a given time is never less than the magnitude of the
average velocity
dv d
(B*) It is possible to have a situation in which 0 but |v| = 0
dt dt
(C*) The average velocity of a particle is zero in a time interval. It is possible that the
instantaneous velocity is never zero in the interval
(D) The average velocity of a particle moving on a straight line is zero in a time interval. It is
possible that the instantaneous velocity is never zero in the interval (Infinite accelerations
are not allowed)
Sol.
4. The displacement (x) of a particle depends on time (t) as :

x = t2 – t 3
(A*) The particle will return to its starting point after time /
(B*) The particle will come to rest after time 2 /3
(C*) The initial velocity of the particle was zero but its initial acceleration was not zero.
(D*) No net force will act on the particle at t = /3
Sol. x = t2 – t3
2 3 3 3
(A) For t = / x= 2 2
0
dx d at 2 – bt 3
(B) v = = 2 t – 3 t2
dt dt
KINEMATICS-1D
2
Now 2 t – 3 t = 0 2 –3 t=0
t=
3
vt=0 = 0
dv d(2 t 3 t 2 )
(C) a = 2 6 t at =0 = 2
dt dt
(D) At t = /3 a=2 –6 = 2 –2 = 0
3
No Net force.
5. The motion of a particle moving along the y-axis is represented as y = 3 (t – 2) + 5 (t – 2)2.

Identify the correct statement -
(A) The initial (t = 0) velocity of the particle is 3 ms–1
(B) The acceleration of the particle is 5 ms–2
(C*) The particle is at the origin at t = 2s
(D) All of the above
Sol. y = 3(t – 2) + 5 (t – 2 )2
dy
V= 10t 17 Vt=0 = –17 (AX)
dt
dv
a= 10 (BX)
dt
At t = 2s y=0

A particle is moving along a straight line and position of particle is given by
1m 1m 2
x= t– t
s s2
Where x is meter and t is in second.
6. Distance travelled by the particle in 2 second is -
(A) 2 m (B*) 2.5 m (C) 1.25 m (D) 2.25 m
1m 1m 2
Sol. x= t t
s s2
x = t – t2 V = 1 – 2t a = –2
1
V=0 1 – 2t = 0 t= sec. at t=0 V=1
2
KINEMATICS-1D
1 2 1 1 1 1
s1 = ut + at = 1 2 = m
2 2 2 4 4
2
2 1 3 9
s2 = at 2
2 2 2 4
1 9 10
s = s1 + s 2 =
4 4 4
7. Velocity of particle at t = 2 sec is –

(A*) –3m/s (B) – 2 m/s (C) 1 m/s (D) –1 m/s
Sol. V = 1 – 2t Vt=2 = 1 – 2×2= – 3m/s
8. Acceleration of particle at t = 4s is –
(A) zero (B) –1 m/s2 (C*) –2m/s2 (D) –3 m/s2
Sol. a = –2 Always.
WORK BOOK # 7
KINEMATICS GRAPHS
1. The figure below is a displacement vs time plot for the motion of an object, answer questions
(i) & (ii) with the letter of appropriate section of the graph.
x (meters)
Parabola
(c)
1.0
Straight line Straight line
(b) (d)
0.5 Parabola
Parabola
(e)
(a)
t (seconds)
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
(i) Which section represents motion in the forward direction with positive acceleration?
(ii) Which section represents uniform motion backwards (–x direction)?
dx dx
Ans. (i) section (a) as slope = v = is positive and increasing. (ii) section (d) as slope = v = is
dt dt
negative and constant.
2. Figure shows position-time graph of two cars A and B.

x(m)
A
B
5
0
(A) Car A is faster than car B.
(B) Car B is faster than car A.
(C*) Both cars are moving with same velocity.
(D) Both cars have positive acceleration.
dx
Sol. Slope : = velocity
dt
s lope is same so V is same (C)
3. Fig. shows the displacement time graph of a particle moving on the X-axis.
x
to t
(A) the particle is continuously going in positive x direction
(B) the particle is at rest
(C) the velocity increases up to a time to, and then becomes constant.
(D*) the particle moves at a constant velocity up to a time to, and then stops.
Corporate Office: NAIVEDHYAM, Plot No. SP-11, Old INOX, Indra Vihar, Kota (Raj.) 324005 | Call: 0744-2799900 1
Online Partner UNACADEMY
1 1
4. The displacement–time graph of a moving particle is shown below. The instantaneous velocity
of the particle is negative at the point:
x
D
E F
C
t
(A) C (B) D (C*) E (D) F
D
E F
C
Sol. (C) Point E, negative velocity
5. The variation of velocity of a particle moving along a straight line is shown in the figure. The
distance travelled by the particle in 4 s is :
(A) 25 m (B) 30 m (C*) 55 m (D) 60 m

Sol. D = Area under the wave.
= 10 + 20 + 20 + 5 = 55 m
6. A particle starts from rest and moves along a straight line with constant acceleration. The
variation of velocity v with displacement S is :
v v v
v
(A) (B*) (C) (D)
S S S S
Sol. V = u + 2as V = 2as s  V
2 2 2 2
2 2
7. The displacement time graphs of two particles A and B are straight lines making angles of
respectively 300 and 600 with the time axis. If the velocity of A is vA and that of B is vB, then
v
the value of A is
vB
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) 3 (D*)
2 3 3
s s
slope=VB
slope=VA
30° 60°
t t
Sol. A B
VA = tan30° VB = tan60°
VA tan 30 1 1 1
 =  
VB tan 60 3 3 3
Passage For Ques. 8 to 10
The graph below gives the displacement of a particle travelling along the X-axis as a function
of time. AM is the tangent to the curve at the starting moment and BN is tangent at the end
moment (1 = 2=120°).
8. The average velocity during the first 20 seconds is

(A*) – 10 m/s (B) 10 m/s (C) zero (D) 20 m/s
Displacement s 2  s1 100  100 200
Sol. Vavg =  = = = –10m/s
Time t 20 20
soVavg = –10m/s
9. The average acceleration during the first 20 seconds is
(A) – 10 m/s2 (B) 10 m/s2 (C*) zero (D) 20 m/s2
V2  V1 tan120  tan120
Sol. aavg = = =0
t 20
10. Time interval during which the motion is retarded.
(A) 0 to 20sec. (B) 10 to 20sec. (C*) 0 to 10sec. (D) None of these
3 3
11. Fig. shows the position of a particle moving on X-axis as function of time.
x(m)
20
10
2 4 6 t(s)
(A*) The particle has come to rest 6 times
(B) The maximum speed is at t = 6 s
(C) The velocity remains positive for t = 0 to t = 6 s
(D) The average velocity for the total period shown is negative.
Sol. Slope is zero six time.
12. A ball is dropped vertically from a height d above the ground. It hits the ground and bounces up
vertically to a height d/2. Neglecting subsequent motion and air resistance, its velocity v varies
with the height h above the ground as
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
=0
d h
d d/2
v v
Sol.
4 4
WORK BOOK # 8
MOTION UNDER GRAVITY
1. A stone is dropped into a well in which the level of water is h below the top of the well. If v is
velocity of sound, the time T after which the splash is heard is given by
2h 2h h 2h h h 2h
(A) T  (B*) T   (C) T   (D) T  
v g v v g 2g v
1 2h
Sol. h  gt 2 , t1 
2 g
h 2h h
t2  T = t 1 + t2 = 
V g V
2. A stone thrown upwards with a speed 'u' from the top of the tower reaches the ground with a
velocity '3u'. The height of the tower is:
3u 2 4u 2 6u 2 9u 2
(A) (B*) (C) (D)
g g g g
Sol. (–V)2 = v2 – 2gh
V2 = u2 – 2gh
–2gh = V2 – u2 = (3u)2 –u2 = 8u2
8u 2 4U 2
h= 
2g g
3. A stone falls from a balloon that is descending at a uniform speed of 12 ms–1. The displacement
of the stone from the point of release after 10 seconds is :
(g = 9.8 m/s2)
(A) 490 m (B) 510 m (C*) 610 m (D) 725 m
Sol. U = 12 m/s t = 10 sec
1 2 1
s = ut = gt = 12 10  10 100 = 120 + 500 = 620
2 2
1
s = 12 × 10 +  9.8 100 = 120 + 490 = 610 m
2
4. A rocket is fired vertically from the ground. It moves upwards with a constant acceleration of
10 m/s2. After 30 seconds the fuel is finished. After what time from the instant of firing the
rocket will it attain the maximum height ? g = 10 m/s2 :
(A) 30 s (B) 45 s (C*) 60 s (D) 75 s
Sol. V = u + at = 0 + 10 × 30 = 300 m/sec
5 5
Total time = 30 + 30 = 60 sec
5. A body is released from the top of a tower of height H metres. It takes t time to reach the
t
ground. Where is the body time after the release :
2
H H
(A) At metres from ground (B*) At metres from ground
2 4
3H H
(C) At metres from the ground (D) At metres from the ground
4 6
1 2 2H
Sol. H= gt t= t' = t/2
2 g
1 2 1  t 2  g  2H  H
so h = gt ' = g   =    m from to b
2 2  4  2  gH  4
H 3H
H  from ground.
4 4
6. A body dropped from the top of a tower covers a distance 7x in the last second of its journey,
where x is the distance covered in first second. How much time does it take to reach the ground ?
(A) 3s (B*) 4s (C) 5s (D) 6s
1 1 g g
Sol. s1 = gt 2 = 10  (1) 2  5 or  x =
2 2 2 2
g g 7.g g
s2 = (2 n  1)  7x  (2n  1)   (2 n  1)
2 2 2 2
 2n = 7 + 1 = 8 n = 4 sec
7. A body falling from height 'h' takes t1 time to reach the ground. The time taken to cover the
first half of the height is
t t
(A*) t2 = 1 (B) t1 = 2 (C) t2 = 3 t1 (D) None of these
2 2
1 2 h  2
Sol. h= gt1  gt 0
2 2 2
g 2 h 1
t 02  2  
2 gt1 2 h
t12 t1
t 02  t0 
2 2
6 6
8. If an iron ball and a wooden ball of same radii are released from a height h in vacuum then time
taken by both of them to reach ground will be :
(A) unequal (B*) exactly equal (C) roughly equal (D) zero
Sol.

Height of a tower is 80 m. Two balls A and B are thrown simultaneously. Ball A is thrown
upwards with speed u from top of tower while ball B is thrown upwards with speed of 50 m/s
from the foot of tower
9. Ball A will reaches ground in 8 sec if ball do not collide then u is equal to –
(A) 20 m/s (B) 25 m/s (C*) 30 m/s (D) 35 m/s
1 h  2
Sol. h = gt12  gt 0
2 2 2
g 2 h 1
t 02  2  
2 gt1 2 h
t12 t1
t 02  t0 
2 2
10. If the balls meets in air at the height from foot of tower is –
(A) 40 m (B) 80 m (C*) 120 m (D) 160 m
1 1
Sol. So H0 = 50t  gt 2 = 50 × 4– × 10×16 = 120 m from base.
2 2
11. The time after which balls will meet in air is –

(A) 3 sec (B*) 4 sec (C) 5 sec (D) 6 sec
h A
H0 H
1 2 1 2
Sol. h = 30 t – gt (80  h)  50  gt
2 2
h –(80+h) = 30t – 50t  80 = 20 t t = 4 sec
7 7
A body is projected vertically upwards with a velocity 98 m/s from ground. Choose upward
direction positive y axis.
12. Maximum height attained by the body is
(A*) 490 m (B) 245 m (C) 980 m (D) 122.5 m
Sol.  V  98m / s
U 2 98  98
Hmax =  = 490 m
2g 2  9.8
13. Velocity with which it will fall to the point of projection is –

(A) 98 m/s (B*) – 98 m/s (C) 49 m/s (D) – 49 m/s
Sol. –98 m/sec  V V
14. Time taken to reach the maximum height is

(A) 20 s (B*) 10 s (C) 5 s (D) 15 s
Sol. V = u – gt  O = u – gt
u 98
t=  = 10 s
g 9.8
8 8
WORK BOOK # 9
1. If a ball is thrown vertically upwards with 40 m/s. its velocity after two seconds will be
(A) 10 m/s (B*) 20 m/s (C) 30 m/s (D) 40 m/s
Sol.  V = 40 m/s t = 2 sec
V = u – gt = 40 – 10× 2 = 20 m/s
2. A stone is dropped from a certain height which can reach the ground in 5 seconds. It is stopped
after 3 seconds of its fall and is again released. The total time taken by the stone to reach the
ground will be :
(A) 6 s (B) 6.5 s (C*) 7s (D) 7.5 s
1 1 10
Sol. H = gt 2  10  (5) 2 =  25 =125 m/s
2 2 2
3S h1
h2
1 2 1
After 2 second it stopped h1 = gt  10  9 = 45 m
2 2
1 2
So h2 = 125 – 45 = 80 cm h2 = gt {U = 0}
2
2h 2 2  80
t2 = = = 16 = 4 sec
g 10
3. With what speed should a body be thrown upwards so that the distances travelled in 5th second
and 6th second are equal ?
(A) 58.4 m/s (B*) 49 m/s (C) 98 m/s (D) 98 m/s
Sol.
4. Which of the following four statements is false?

(A) A body can have zero velocity and still be accelerated
(B*) A body can have a constant velocity and still have a varying speed
(C) A body can have a constant speed and still have a varying velocity
(D) The direction of the velocity of a body can change when its acceleration is constant
Sol. If velocity is constant then its magnitude must be constant.
9 9
5. A body dropped from a tower reaches the ground in 4s. The height of the tower is about :
(A*) 80 m (B) 20 m (C) 160 m (D) 40 m
1 2 1
Sol. h= gt  10 16 = 80 m.
2 2
6. A ball is thrown upward with a velocity of 100 m/s. It will reach the ground after : -
(A) 10 s (B*) 20 s (C) 5 s (D) 40 s
U
Sol. V = 100 m/s V = u–gt 0 = u–gt t =
g
100
t= = 10 sec
10
T = 2T = 20 sec.
7. If a ball is thrown vertically upwards with speed u, the distance covered during the last ‘t’
second of its ascent is:-
1 2 1 2
(A) ut (B*) gt (C) ut – gt (D) (u + gt)t
2 2
8. A particle is thrown vertical upward. Its velocity at half of the maximum height is 10 m/s. the
maximum height attained by it is (g = 10 ms–2) : -
(A) 8 m (B) 20 m (C*) 10 m (D) 16 m
2gH
Sol. V2 = U2–  100 = U2 – gH ....(1)
2
At max height V0 = 0
V02  U2  2gh  o = U2 – 2gh ......(2)
100 100
H=  = 10 m
g 10
10 10
9. When a ball is through vertically up with velocity v0 , it reaches a maximum height ‘h’. If one
wishes to triple the maximum height then the ball should be thrown with velocity –
(A*) 3v0 (B) 3v0 (C) 9v0 (D) 3/2v0
V02
Sol. Hmax = ....(1) H' = 3Hmax
2g
V2 U2
H' =  3Hmax= ...(2)
2g 2g
U 2 2g 3H max H U2
 2  HmaxU2 2  22
2g V0 H max H1 U1
10. A stone falls freely such that the distance covered by it in the last second of its motion is equal
to the distance covered by it in the first 5 second it remained in air for :-
(A) 12 s (B*) 13 s (C) 35 s (D) 26 s
1 1 25g
Sol. S5  gt 2   g  (5)2 
2 2 2
g g
St = 0  (2 n  1) = (2 n  1) [st = S5]
2 2
25g g 26
so  (2 m 1)  2n–1 = 25  2n = 25 + 1 = 26  n= = 13 sec
2 2 2
11. An object is dropped vertically down on earth. The change in its speed after falling through a
distance d from its highest point is
mg
(A) mgd (B*) 2gd (C) 2 g / d (D) 2
d
Sol. U=0
V= V–0
V2 = u2 – 2gd  V = 2gd
V = V– 0= 2gd
11 11
12. Three different objects of masses m1, m2 and m3 are allowed to fall from rest and from the same
point ‘O’ along three different frictionless paths. The speeds of the three objects on reaching
the ground, will be in the ratio of :
1 1 1
(A) m1 : m2 : m3 (B) m1 : 2m2 : 3m3 (C*) 1 : 1 : 1 (D) : :
m1 m 2 m3
A particle thrown vertically upwards with velocity u m/s.
13. Time taken by particle to reach at maximum height-

2u u u2 u2
(A) (B*) (C) (D)
g g 2g g
Sol. V = U m/s
U U
At max Height V = 0 so, t = 
g g
14. Total distance travelled by particle before reach at ground surface-

2u u u2 u2
(A) (B) (C) (D*)
g g 2g g
U U2 U2
Sol. Hmax = so total D = 2H = 2  
2g 2g g
15. A man walking with a speed 'v' constant in magnitude and direction passes under a lantern
hanging at a height H above the ground. Find the velocity with which the edge of the shadow of
the man's head moves over the ground, if his height is 'h'.
Sol.
V
H
h
x l
tan(shadow) = tan(max)
H h

 (  x)
h  H(  x)  H    h  Hx
Hx d H dx HV
(H h)  Hx    ;  V0 
Hh dt H  h dt (H  h)
12 12
KINEMATICS-2D
WORK BOOK # 1
(INTRODUCTION OF UNIT VECTOR)
1. A particle is situated at the origin of a coordinate system. The following four forces begin to act
on the particle simultaneously.
F1  (2iˆ 3 ˆj k)
ˆ N, F  (3iˆ ˆj k)
2
ˆ N;F  (2iˆ 5 ˆj 3k)
3
ˆ N;F  (5iˆ 3 ˆj 3k)
4
ˆ N
The particle will move
(A) along x-axis (B) along y-axis (C) in x-y plane (D) in y-z plane
Sol. Particle is at origin.
F (Net force) = F1  F2  F3  F4
F = (2iˆ 3 ˆj k)
ˆ + (3iˆ ˆj+k)
ˆ + (2iˆ 5 ˆj+3k)
ˆ + (5iˆ 3 ˆj–3k)
ˆ
F = 12jˆ  O  O
F = 12iˆ
So the particle will move along x axis
2. Three forces of magnitudes 2 N, 3 N and 6 N act at a corner of a cube along three edges, as
shown in figure. Find the resultant of these forces in N.
3N
2N
6N
Sol. Fnet  2iˆ  3kˆ  6jˆ 3N

= 2iˆ  6jˆ  3kˆ
2N
| F| = (2)2  (6)2  (3)2 6N
F=7N
3. Three forces (shown in figure) act on a body simultaneously. What will be the magnitude (in
newton) of smallest additional force to make net force along east direction ?
North
5N
3N
37°
West East
4N
South
KINEMATICS-2D
Sol.
N N
3N 5N 3+3 = 6N
37°
W E W E
4N 4+4 = 8N
S S
In x Fx = 4 +5 cos37
Fx = 8N
In y Fy = 3 + 5 sin 37
Fy = 3 + 3 = 6N
So add 6N towards south to make net force along east direction.
4. A man moves in an open field such that after moving 10 m in a straight line, he makes a sharp
turn of 60° to his left. The total displacement of the man just after 7 such turns is
(A) 10 m (B) 20 m (C) 70 m (D) 30 m
Sol.
10m
i 60º
O 10m A
After 6 terms mon is at position O and dis. = O
After 7th term he is at position A and disp. = OA
= 10 m
5. Match vector a shown in column-I with its unit vector representation in column-II
Column-I Column-II
y
a  asin î  a cos ˆj

x
(A)  (P)
a
y a

(B) x (Q) a  a cos î  asin ˆj
a y
a  asinî – a cos ˆj


(C) x (R)
KINEMATICS-2D
y
(D) 
x (S) a  a cos î – asin ˆj
a
y
Sol. (A)  x (S) a = a cos iˆ – a sin  ˆj
y

(B) x (P) a = a sin î  acos  ˆj
(C)  x (Q) a  –a cos î  a sin  ˆj
ˆ
(R) a  –a sin jˆ a cos  ˆ
x
(D) 
a  a cos i  a sin  j
6. Three ants P, Q and R are pulling a grain with forces of magnitude 6N, 3 3 N and 3 2 N as
shown in the figure. Find the magnitude of resultant force (in N) acting on the grain.
y
6N
Q P 30°
x
3 3N 45°
R
3 2N
KINEMATICS-2D
y
6N
F  FP  FQ  FR
 30° x  (6cos30i) ˆ  6sin30j) ˆ + (3 2cos45i-3
ˆ 2sin45g)
Sol. 3 N 45° +(–3 3i) ˆ
R
= 3 3j  3jˆ  3iˆ  3jˆ  3 3iˆ
ˆ
3 N  3iˆ N
7. Figure shows a cuboid of edge length a, b, c respectively. Write coordinates of points B, C, D,

E, F, G, H and write position vectors of points F, E, G and C with respect to origin A.
Sol. B = (a, o, o) C = (a, o, c) D = (o,o, c) E = (a, b, c)

F = (a, b, c) G = (a, b, o) H = (a, b, o)
here A is origin.
8. A particle passes a point at the instant t = 0 s, moving with uniform velocity 23 m/s in the
north direction. It turns towards east at the instant t = 8 s and moves with uniform velocity 6
m/s. Direction of change in its velocity vector is
(A) 30° east of north (B) 60° south of east (C) 60° east of north (D) 30° south of east
N
t =8 6m/s  Vf 6m/
Sol. W E (–V
s i) =–2 V  Vf  ( Vi )
o V v = Vf  Vi
t=0 3
f
S
y 2 3 1
tan = = =
x 6 3
 = 30° from east (downward)
KINEMATICS-2D
9. In first and second columns of the following table, unit vectors â and b̂ of some geographical
directions are mentioned. Complete the third column.
Sol. West up â · bˆ = 0
South Eeast â · bˆ = 0
30°N of W Down â ·· bˆ = 0
60° S of E North â · bˆ = – 3 / 2
Up North O
Down 30°East of up â · bˆ = – 3 / 2
30° up of E West â · bˆ = – 3 / 2
1
30° Down of S Up â · bˆ = –
2
10. A bird moves from point (1, –2) to (4, 2). If the speed of the bird is 10 m/s, then the velocity
vector of the bird is

(A) 5 î  2jˆ  (B) 5 4iˆ  2jˆ  
(C) 0.6iˆ  0.8jˆ (D) 6iˆ  8jˆ
Sol. ˆ 2j)
r1  (i, ˆ r2  (4iˆ  2j)
ˆ
speed = 10m/s velocity = ?

we know velocity is along displacement vector.
r = r2 – r1 ˆ – (iˆ  2j)
= (4iˆ  2j) ˆ
= 4iˆ  2jˆ  î  2jˆ

= 4iˆ  ˆj  2jˆ  2jˆ
r = 3iˆ  4jˆ
ˆ ˆ
Unit vector along displacement  r = 3i  4j
5
KINEMATICS-2D
 3iˆ + 4jˆ 
V = 10 
 5 
Velocity
 
V = 6iˆ  8jˆ
11. Consider east as positive x-axis, north as positive y-axis. A girl walks 10 m east first time and
then 10 m in a direction 30° west of north for the second time and then third time in unknown
direction and magnitude so as to return to her initial position. What is her third displacement in
unit vector notation.
(A) 5iˆ  5 3jˆ (B) 5iˆ  5 3jˆ
(C) 5iˆ  5 3jˆ (D) She can not return
Sol.
10cos30 ĵ
N y
S
30º 10m
120º x
E 30°
10 m 10sin30 î
10m î
So, 10iˆ + 10 cos30 ĵ – 10sin30iˆ  S  0
10iˆ + 5 3 ˆj – 5iˆ + s = 0
5 î + 5 3 ˆj + s = 0
s = –5iˆ –5 3 ˆj
12. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

(A) The unit vector of velocity and force can be the same.
(B) The angle between two unit vector is always 90°.
(C) The unit vector of velocity is always perpendicular to acceleration.
(D) The difference between magnitudes of two unit vector is equal to magnitude of difference
of two unit vectors.
Sol. (A)  Unit vector of velocity and force can be the same
13. The position vector of a point is (2iˆ 2 ˆj) m

(a) Find magnitude of this vector
(b) Find angle with x-axis
(c) Find the volume of a cone which is generated when a line segment representing this position
vector is rotated about x-axis with one end remaining fixed at origin
Sol. Position vector = (2iˆ + 2j)
ˆ m.
KINEMATICS-2D
(a) P = (2iˆ + 2j)
ˆ
| P | = (2)2  (2)2 = 2 2
y
1
2
(b) tan = 1  = 45°
2 
1
x
1 2
(c) Volume of cone = r h
3
r H  2 2 cos 45
H = 2m
H r  2m (r = 2 in y)
1
Volume V=  p  (2)2  2
3
8 3
V= m
3
KINEMATICS-2D
WORK BOOK # 2
(PRODUCT OF VECTOR)
1. A  B  2iˆ and A  B  4jˆ then angle between A and B is
(A) 127° (B) 143° (C) 53° (D) 37°
1
2. The angle between two vectors R  î  ˆj  kˆ and S  xiˆ  3jˆ  (x1)kˆ
3
(A) Is obtuse angle (B) Is acute angle
(C) Lies between 60° and 120° (D) Depends on x
R·S x + 1 + x –1
Sol. =  0
RS (1)  (1/ 3)2  12 x 2  (3)2  (x  1)2
2

 = 90° =
2
3. The vector having a magnitude of 10 and perpendicular to the vector 3iˆ  4jˆ
(A) 4iˆ  3jˆ (B) 5 2iˆ  5 2jˆ (C) 8iˆ  6jˆ (D) 8iˆ  6jˆ
Sol. A = 10 perpendicular to vector 3iˆ  4jˆ
From options 8iˆ  6jˆ magnitute 10 and product (dot) with 3iˆ – 4jˆ give O.
4. Figure shows a cube of edge length .

y
H G
E F
A B x
D C
Z
Column-I Column-II
(A) The angle between AF and x-axis (P) 60°
1
(B) Angle between AF and DG (Q) cos–1
3
1
(C) Angle between AE and AG (R) cos 1
3
2
(S) cos1
3
Sol. (A) A  AF  ABiˆ  AHjˆ  Adkˆ
AF  2  2  2  3
AB = AF cos 
KINEMATICS-2D
AB 
cos  = 
AF 3
   1  1 
 = cos–1    cos  
 3   3
(B) Projection of AF on DG  AF cos = AF . (DG)
3 cos   ( î  ajˆ ak)·(

ˆ  î + ˆj – k)
ˆ
2
q = cos–1  
1
cos =
3 2
 3
(C) AE = ˆj  akˆ AE = 2
AG  î + ˆj AG = 2
AE cos = AE · AG  2 cos  = (ajˆ + 2k)

ˆ · (î + ˆj) 2
1
cos =  = 60º
2
5. Two vectors a and b of magnitudes 2 units and 4 units respectively are shown in the figure.
Which of the following mathematical operations is/are correct?
y
60°
x
a
(A) a  b  2 3jˆ (B) a  b = 4iˆ  2 3jˆ (C) a.b  4  
(D) b.aˆ  2
Sol.
y
60º x
a | a | 2 | b | 2
a = 2jˆ b = 4iˆ + 4jˆ = – 4 ĵ +

4 3
ĵ
cos60 sin60 2 2
bˆ = –2jˆ + 2 3jˆ
KINEMATICS-2D
(a) a + b = 2iˆ + (–2iˆ + 2 3j)
ˆ = 2 3jˆ
(b) a – b = 2iˆ + (–2iˆ + 2 3j)

ˆ = 4 3jˆ
(c) a · b = –4 + O = –4
ˆ 2iˆ = –4 + 4 3  0 = 4  –2x
b·aˆ = (-2iˆ + 2 3j)·
(d) 2
2
6. ˆ & (2iˆ  2jˆ  2k)

The angle between ) (iˆ  ˆj  k) ˆ is
1 1 1
(A) Cos–1 (B) Cos–1 (C) Sin–1 (D) None of these.
3 3 3
Sol. A = (iˆ + ˆj + k)
ˆ & (2iˆ + 2jˆ + 2k)
ˆ
A·B  2  2  2 6
CDS  = = 1
A·B 3  2  3 6
Q = cos–1(1) = 0º
7. A particle travels with speed 50m/s from the point (3, –7) in a direction 7iˆ  24j.
ˆ Find its
position vector after 3 seconds.
Sol. P , = (3iˆ  7j)
ˆ V = 50m/s direction vector of speed = 7iˆ  24jˆ
ˆ ˆ
so, direction â = 7i  24j
25
so V = 50 r
= 50(7 î  24j)
ˆ  2(iˆ –24j)
ˆ
25
Displacement s = V ± = 2(7iˆ 24j)

ˆ  3 = 42iˆ  24jˆ
P2  P, + s = (3iˆ –7j)
ˆ + (42i–144j)
ˆ ˆ
= 45iˆ – 151jˆ
8. (a) Calculate r  a  b  c where a  5iˆ  4jˆ  6k,b

ˆ  2iˆ  2jˆ  3kˆ and c  4iˆ  3jˆ  2kˆ .
(b) Calculate the angle between r and the z-axis.
(c) Find the angle between a and b
Sol. (a) r = a bc
= (5iˆ 4 ˆj 6k)
ˆ – (2iˆ 2 ˆj 3k)
ˆ + (4iˆ 3 ˆj 2k)
ˆ
= 11iˆ 5 ˆj– 7kˆ

KINEMATICS-2D
(b) Angle between r and z axis
cos = r·kˆ = (11iˆ 5jˆ  7k)·k

ˆ ˆ = –7
7
| r |·| kˆ | 121  25  49 1 =
195
 7 
= cos–1  
 195 
(c) Angle between a·b = (5iˆ 4jˆ  6k)·(
ˆ 2iˆ  2jˆ  3k)
ˆ
a·b 25  16  36· 4  4  9
= –10 + 8 – 18 = –20
77 · 17 1309
Paragraph for Question Nos. 9 to 11

Madam X is initially at point A(1, 2, 3). In search of a diamond necklace she moves 10 m in the
direction î  ˆj  2kˆ and reaches a point B. Then she gets a clue for her diamond necklace and
reaches point C(6,7, 8). Her speed is constant in the whole path which is equal to 20 m/s.
9. Her velocity vector in path AB is
  
(A) 20 î  ˆj  2kˆ (B) 10 î  ˆj  2kˆ  
(C) 20 î  ˆj  kˆ  (D) ˆj   
2  3 kˆ
Paragraph (9–11)
Sol.
B
10m
(1,2,3) (6,7,8)
V = 20m/s
Direction of path AB = î + ˆj + 2 kˆ
 î  ˆj  2kˆ 
So, velocity in path AB = V  Vaˆ  20  
 2
 
V  10(iˆ ˆj 2 k)
ˆ
10. The coordinate of point B is

(A) (6, 7, 8) (B) (6, 8, 52) (C) (6,7, 3 + 52) (D) (11, 22, 102 +3)
KINEMATICS-2D
 î  ˆj 2 kˆ 
Sol. sAB = 10aˆ  
 2
 
sAB = 5iˆ  5jˆ  5 2kˆ
B = A + SAB = (iˆ 2jˆ  3k)

ˆ + (5i+5j+5
ˆ ˆ ˆ
2k)
B = (6iˆ 7jˆ + (3+5 2)k)

ˆ
B = (6, 7, 3+ 5 2 )
11. Her velocity vector in path BC is

(A) 20kˆ (B) 20kˆ 
(C) 5 2  5 kˆ   
(D) 10 2  5 kˆ
Sol. Velocity vector in path BC.

displacement BC = C  B
= (6iˆ 7 ˆj 8k)
ˆ  (6iˆ 7 ˆj 3kˆ  5 3 k)
ˆ
= (8  3  5 2) kˆ = (5–5 2)kˆ
unit vector along BC = – k̂
so velocity vector V = –20 k̂
KINEMATICS-2D
WORK BOOK # 3
(General 2-D Motion & Projectile)
1. Can an object maintain uniform velocity when its acceleration is not zero?
(A) no, impossible
(B) yes, but only if the acceleration is in the direction of the velocity
(C) yes, but only if the acceleration is opposite to the direction of the velocity
(D) yes, if the acceleration is perpendicular to the velocity.
Sol. Object cannot maintain uniform velocity if acceleration. is not zero. Later its direction or
magnitude or both may change.
2. Two balls of equal mass are shot upward simultaneously from the same point on the ground
with the same initial speed, but at different angles to the horizontal. Which of the following
statements must be true?
(A) The ball launched at the larger angle hits the ground first.
(B) The two balls hit the ground at the same time.
(C) The ball launched at the larger angle always has more total mechanical energy.
(D) The ball launched at the smaller angle hits the ground first.
Sol. U = same for both ; angle is different from horizontal. The ball which have less time of flight
hits the ground firest.
2Usin 
T= sin (0 a)
g
Time of flight depends vertical component of velocity so smaller angle, hits the ground first.
3. A stone is thrown horizontally and follows the path XYZ shown. The direction of the
acceleration of the stone at point Y is
X
Horizontal Z
(A) (B) (C) (D)
Sol.
x
y
g (A)  always
g z
g
KINEMATICS-2D
4. Which of the curves on the graph below best represents the vertical component vy of the
velocity versus the time t for a projectile fired at an angle of 45° above the horizontal?
VY
(A) OC (B) DE (C) AB (D) AE (E) AF

Sol.
y
A
y
Vy=0
Vy= 0
Vy= +
v x E
5. A ball is thrown into the air and follows a parabolic trajectory. Point A is the highest point in
the trajectory and point B is a point in the path as the ball is falling back to the ground. Choose
the correct relationship between the speeds and the magnitudes of the acceleration at the two
points.
(A) vA > vB and aA = aB (B) vA < vB and aA > aB
(C) vA = vB and aA  aB (D) vA < vB and aA = aB
Sol.
Vy=0
A
Vx
B
Hma '
Vx'
V
y V'
x
(D) VA < VB and aA = aB  g
6. A projectile is projected as shown in figure. A proper light arrangement makes a shadow on the
wall as well as on the floor?
Light
Light u
Which of the following graphs is incorrect.
KINEMATICS-2D
Acceleration Velocity
of shadow of shadow
on wall on wall
(A) (B) t
t
Velocity Height
of shadow of shadow
on ground on wall
(C) (D)
t t
Sol.
a V
on on
w w
a t a
l l t
l l
(A) (B)
shuld be High
V c on
on o wall
g n
r s
o t
(C) u
t (B)
a
n n
d
7. Suppose a player hits severald baseballs.
Which baseball will be in the air for the longest time?
(A) The one with the farthest range.
(B) The one which reaches maximum height.
(C) The one with the greatest initial velocity.
(D) The one leaving the bat at 45° with respect to the ground.
Sol. One which reaches maximum height has more time of flight and will be in the air for the
longest time
8. A particle is projected from a horizontal plane (x-z plane) such that its velocity vector at time t
is given by V  aiˆ  (b  ct) ˆj . Its range on the horizontal plane is given by.
2ba ba 3ba
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
c c c
Sol. V = aiˆ  (b c t) ˆj
 ds = vdt = atiˆ + (bt -ct )jˆ

2
2
When particle reaches ground y component (displacement in y) is O

ct 2 ct 2
so Sy = bt –  O = bt –
2 2
KINEMATICS-2D
ct 2b
b– =O t=
2 c
2ab
so time of flight =
2
R =Vx × T
2b 2ab
=a× =
c c
9. Out of the following four cases of projection where components along horizontal and vertical
are given the maximum range is for:
40m/s
30m/s 30m/s
20m/s
v v v
v
(A) (B) (C) (D)
30m/s 30m/s 20m/s
30m/s
Sol. R = 2 Ux Uy
g
2  30  20 2  30  30
(A) R = = 120 (B) R = = 180
10 10
2  30  40 2  20  30
(C) R = = 240 (D) = 120 m.
10 10

The figure shows the velocity and acceleration of a particle at the initial moment t = 0 of its
motion. The acceleration vector of the particle remains constant.
v0 = 8m/s
=120°
a = 2m/s2
10. The instant of time after t = 0 at which the speed of the particle is 8 m/s again is
(A) 2 s (B) 8 s (C) 16 s (D) 4 s
Sol. Paragraph 10 to 12
V0 =
8
 = 120° m
/s
a = 2m/s
a remain constant.
KINEMATICS-2D
ax V0
a ay
Component ax reduced the velocity and get to 0 and then reverse it direction (as consider an x)
V0 v
sin3
=4
m/s
8m/s
30°
30°
–y x
V
cos30=4
a 3
component of velocity perpendicular to acceleration is not change. But component of velocity
antiparallel to acceleration is change and comes to zero and again
Velocity should be –4 in y axes to make speed 8 m/s again.
–4' = v·–at <V0 = 4>
– t = V0  V1  = t = V'  V0
a a
44
t= = 4 sec
2
11. The instant of time at which the acceleration and velocity vector of the particle are mutually
perpendicular is
(A) 4 s (B) 8 s (C) 2 s (D) 16 s
Sol. acceleration and velocity will be perpendicular if component along y axis of velocity become
O and only component of velocity along x axis remains which is constant
so O = Vsin30 – at
O = 4 – 2t
t = 2 sec.
12. The magnitude of displacement of the particle in time interval t = 0 to t = 4 seconds is
(A) 16 3 m (B) 32 m (C) 30 m (D) 32 3 m
Sol. y displacement of particle in 4 sec is Sy
1 2 1
Sy = 4 × 4 – a t = 16 – × 2 × 16 = O
2 2
x displacement of particle in 4 sec in Sx
Sx = 4 3 × 4 = 16 3 Ans.
KINEMATICS-2D
13. The co-ordinate of the particle in x-y plane are given as x = 2 + 2t + 4t2 and y = 4t + 8t2. The
motion of the particle is
(A) along a straight line (B) uniformly accelerated
(C) along a parabolic path (D) non uniformly accelerated
Sol. Coordinate x = 2 + 2t + 4t2 y = 4t + 8t2
Vx = 2 + 8t ax= 8
Vy 4 + 16t ay = 16 uniformly accelerated motion.
4
x = 2 + 2t + 4t2 = 2+
2
y = 2x –4 Along the straight line
KINEMATICS-2D
WORK BOOK # 4
(Projectile Motion)
1. A body is thrown from a point with speed 50 m/s at an angle 37º with horizontal. When it has
moved a horizontal distance of 80 m then it’s distance from point of projection -
(A) 40 m (B) 40 2 (C) 40 5 (D) none of these
Sol.
V= 50m/s P
37º
o
80m
4
x = 80m Ux = 50 cos37 = 50× = 40 m/s
5
3
Uy = 50 sin37 = 50 × = 30 m/s
5
2U x U y 2  40  30 2  40  30
Let check its Range R = = = = 240 m
g g 10
x 80
So to move horizontal x time t =  = 2 second
Ux 40
1 1
So y = Uy t  gt 2 = 30 × 2 – × 10 × 42 =60 – 20 = 40 m.
2 2
OP = (80)2  (40)2  1600  5  40 5
2. Two projectiles are projected with velocity vA, vB at angles A (from horizontal) and B (from
vertical) as shown in the figure below, such that vA > vB but having
same horizontal component of velocity. Which of the following is correct ?
y
vA
vB
x
(A) TA > TB (B) HA > HB (C) RA > RB (D) RB > RA
KINEMATICS-2D
y
VA
VB
Sol. x
VAx = VBx
with horizontal QA > QB
A2Ay  VAx
2
 VBy  VBx
2
so VAy > VBy

2Vx Vy 2Vy
R= RA > RB T =  T A > TB
g g
Vg 2
T=  HA > HB
2g
3. A man wishes to throw two darts one by one at the target at B with same speed so that they
arrive at the same time. Mark the correct statements about the two projections.
Trajectory B
Trajectory A
A B
(A) Projectile that travels along trajectory A was projected earlier
(B) Projectile that travels along trajectory B was projected earlier
(C) Second dart must be projected at angle B such that A + B = 90°
(D) Second dart must be projected at angle A > B
Sol.
B
A
A B
(B) Projectile that travels along trajectory B was projected earlier
(C) Second dart must be projected at QB such that QA + QB = 90º
KINEMATICS-2D
4. Figure shows four possible trajectories of a kicked football. Ignoring air resistance, rank the
curves according to the initial horizontal velocity component the highest first
y
x
O 1 2 3 4
(A) 1, 2, 3, 4 (B) 1, 3, 2, 4 (C) 3, 4, 1, 2 (D) 4, 3, 2, 1
Sol. 4, 3, 2, 1
5. A particle is projected with a velocity v0  aiˆ  bjˆ from ground with y-axis as vertical and it
lands on ground.
Column-I Column-II
vx b a
(A) at t = (P)
vy 2g a  b2
2
2a
(B) hmax (Q)
b
b2
(C) R (Horizontal) (R)
2g
vav 2ab
(D) where vav = Average velocity for entire journey (S)
v0 g
a
(T)
b
Sol. v0 = aiˆ  bjˆ from ground.
(A) Un = a
 b  b
Uy = b Vy = Uy – gt = b – g    vy =
 2g  2
b vx 2a
so at  (Q)
2g Vy b
U 2y b 2
(B) Hman =  (R)
2g 2g
2U x U y 2ab
(C) R= = (S)
g g
(D) VaV = a (as Ux a constant for while jurney)
(in y displaceemnt is zero so VyVg = 0)
Vav a

V0 a 2  b2
KINEMATICS-2D
6. A ball is projected with velocity u at an angle  with horizontal plane. Its speed when it makes
an angle  with the horizontal is -
u u cos 
(A) u cos  (B) (C) u cos  cos  (D)
cos cos 
Sol.
Vy
V
B
U Vx
Uy

Uy
Horizontal velocity is constant.
Vcos = Ucos
U cos 
V=
cos 
7. A particle is projected with speed 20m/s at an angle 30° with horizontal. After how much time
the angle between velocity and acceleration will be 90° –
(A) 1 sec (B) 2 sec (C) 1.5 sec (D) Never
Sol.
Vx=U
20m/s
x
Uy
30°
Ux
aV when particle is not heighest point
At Hman Vy = O
O = Usin30 –gt
Usin30 20
t= = = 1 sec.
g 2 10
8 An Indian fighter plane flying horizontally with speed 800 km/hr releases a bomb (on Pakistani
bunker) at a height of 78.4 m from the ground, when will the bomb strike the ground? Give
your answer in seconds. [g = 9.8 m/s2]
Sol.
800 km/h
78.4m
g=9.8m/s2
KINEMATICS-2D
Uy = 0 Ux = 800 Km/h
2h 2  78.4
t= 
g 9.8
t = 4s
9. A projectile at any instant during its flight has velocity 5 m/s at 30° above the horizontal. How
long after this instant, will it be moving at right angle to the given direction?
Sol.
30°
60° vcos60
u=5
usin30
30° v
vsin60
usin30
vcos60= ucos30
u cos30 5  3
V=  2  5 3
cos60 2 1
3 15
Vy = 5 3 sin 60 = 5 3.  m/s
2 2
15
So = 5sin30 – gt
2
15 5 20
  10t  10t =  10
2 2 2
 t = 1 sec
KINEMATICS-2D
WORK BOOK # 5
(Projectile motion)
Paragraph for Question nos. 1 to 3
An inclined plane makes an angle  = 45° with horizontal. A stone is projected normally from
the inclined plane, with speed u m/s at t = 0 (as shown in figure). x and y axis are drawn from
point of projection along and normal to inclined plane as shown. The length of incline is
sufficient for stone to land on it and neglect air friction.
y
u
 = 45°
x
1. The instant of time at which velocity of stone is parallel to x-axis
2 2u 2u 2u u
(A) (B) (C) (D)
g g g 2g
Sol. 1.
y
U
gsin
45° g gcos
x
Ux = 0 Uy = U
ax = gsin ay = –gcos
When stone is parallel to x axis = Vy = 0
Vy = Uy + gyt
U 2U
t= 
g cos 45 g
2. The instant of time at which velocity of stone makes an angle  = 45° with positive x-axis
2 2u 2u 2u u
(A) (B) (C) (D)
g g g 2g
Sol. When stone make angle with  = 45° with x axis means Vy = Vx .......(1)
Vx = 0 + gsin45t'
KINEMATICS-2D
g
Vx = t'
2
Vy = U – gcost'
g '
Vy = U – t
2
g 1 g
From t  U t'
2 2
U
 2gt '  U  t ' 
2g
3. The instant of time at which (starting from t = 0) component of displacement along x-axis is
half the range on inclined plane is
2 2u 2u 2u u
(A) (B) (C) (D)
g g g 2g
Sol. At man x mean Range (at stirring point ) y = 0
1 2
y = Uyt + gyt
2
1 2 2U
0 = Ut  g cos 45t 2  t 
2 g
1 2 1
Rang R = Uxt + g x t  Uxt+ gsin 45t 2
2 2
g 8U2 4 U2
R= 2

2 2 g 2 g
R 1
So  Ux t 0  g x t 02
2 2
1  4 U2  1
  0  gsin 45t 0
2

2 2 g  2
4U2
t  2
2
0
g
2U
t0  Ans.
g
KINEMATICS-2D
4. Time taken by the projectile to reach A to B is t. Then the distance AB is equal to –
u
B
60°
30°
A
ut 3ut
(A) (B) (C) 3 ut (D) 2 ut
3 2
Sol.
y U
B
60°
30°
A x O x
x = AO = Ucos60t
Ut
x=
2
x
cos =
AB
x x 3 Ut
AB =    2
cos30 2 2
x.2 Ut 2
AB =  
3 2 3
Ut
AB =
3
5. A ball is rolled off along the edge of a horizontal table with velocity 4 m/s. It hits the ground
after time 0.4s. Which of the following are correct ?
(A) The height of the table is 0.8 m
(B) It hits the ground at an angle of 60° with the vertical
(C) It covers a horizontal distance 1.6 m from the table
(D) It hits the ground with vertical velocity 4 m/s
KINEMATICS-2D
U=4m/s
Sol.
Ux = 4m/s
Uy = 0
t = 0.4s
1 1
So H  Uy t  gt 2 = oxt  10(0.4) 2
2 2
H = 0.8 m (A)
R = Uxt = 4 × 0.4 = 1.6 m from table (C)
At instant of Hitting ground Vx = 4m/s
Vy = Uy +gt = 0 + 4 = 4 m/s (D)
Vx=4

Vy=4 V
4
tan = 1
4
 = 45° from horizontal
6. The position-time graph of a particle is shown. If the particle was at x = 1m :

x(m)
1
0 t(s)
1 2 3 4
1
(A) The particle was at rest for 2s
(B) The particle moves forward with uniform velocity of 1m/s in + x-axis and then moves in –
x-axis with same speed
(C) The particle will be at distance of 1m from the origin after 4s
(D) The average speed of the particle is equal to its initial speed during last two seconds.
Sol.
KINEMATICS-2D
x(m)
3 4 t(s)
0
1 2
1
Particle was at x = 1m.
(A) Particle was at rest from 2s, slope of graph between 0 to 2 second is 0. so velocity is 0.
(C) At moves towards the origin and then in -x.
that t = 3 sec the particle is at origin at t = 4 sec particle is at –1 m from origin. it is at 1m from
0.
(D) Speed of Particle is 0 for first two second. It start to move after 2 second. So average speed
of Particle is equal to initial speed during last two second.
7. Three particles are projected with same speed simultaneously from same point with angle of
projection with the horizontal 30°, 45° and 60°. Their times of flights are T30, T45 and T60
Respectively, horizontal range R30, R45 and R60 respectively and maximum vertical heights as
H30, H45 and H60 respectively.
Column-I contains ratio of the above quantities, match them with their values given in column-II.
Column-I Column-II
T60
(A) (P) 1
T30
8H30
(B) (Q) 3
R 45
4H60 3
(C) (R)
R 60 4
(S) 4 3
Sol.
U
y U U
30° x 60° 45°
T60 2Usin  g sin 60 3

(A)    2 = 3
T30 g 2Usin 2 sin 30 2
8H30 (8) U y sin 

2 2
g
(B) 
R 45 2g 2Ux U y
KINEMATICS-2D
2 2
(8) U sin 30 1
=  2 =1
2 2U cos 45.sin 45
4H60 (4) U2 sin 2 60 g 43 1
(C) =  2 =  = 3
R 60 2g 2U cos60sin 60 4  2 1 3
2 
2 2
8. A projectile is thrown with some initial velocity u at an angle  to the horizontal. Its speed
2
when it is at the highest point is times the speed v when it is at height half of the maximum
5
v n
height. Then ratio  . Find the value of n.
u 8
Sol.
V V'=
U
H/2 H

H
V2 = U2– 2g    V2  U2  gH
2
2
 2 
And. V '  U  2gH = V '  U  2gH   V   U2  2gH
2 2 2 2
 5 
2 2
V  U2  2gH
5
5
From these equation V  U so n =5 Ans.
8
KINEMATICS-2D
WORK BOOK # 6
(Projectile Motion)
1. The equations of motion of a projectile thrown in x–y plane from origin are x = 8t,
y = 6t – 10t2 then the angle of projection is –
(A) tan–1(3/4) (B) tan–1(4/3) (C) sin–1(3/4) (D) cos–1(3/4)
2
Sol. x = 8t y = 6t – 10t
Vx = 8 Vy = 6 – 20 t
Ux = 8 Uy = 6
6
tan  =   tan 1 (3 / 4) (A) Ans
8
2. A body is thrown from a point with speed 50 m/s at an angle 37º with horizontal. When it has
moved a horizontal distance of 80 m then it’s distance from point of projection is -
(A) 40 m (B) 40 2 m (C) 40 5 m (D) none of these
Sol.
Uy = 30m/s
50m/s
37°
Ux 40m/s
Sx = 80m
Ux × t = 80 t  2sec
1
Sy = 30 × 2 – g×4
2
= 60 – 20 = 40 m
Total distance S = Sx 2  fy2
= 1600  6400  40 5

 A ball is projected from a certain point on the surface of a planet at a certain angle with the
horizontal surface. The horizontal and vertical displacements x and y vary with time t in
second as : x = 10 2 t; y = 10t – t2. The maximum height attained by the ball is-
(A) 100 m (B) 75 m (C) 50 m (D) 25 m
2
Sol. X = 10 3 t y = 10t – t
Vx = 10 3 Vy = 10 – 2t
Ux = 10 3 Uy = 10
At maximum height 0 = 10 – 2t
t  5sec
KINEMATICS-2D
Now y  50  25  25m
4. A projectile is given an initial velocity of î  2jˆ . The Cartesian equation of its path is -
(g = 10 m/s2)
(A) y = 2x – 5x2 (B) y = x – 5x2 (C) 4y = 2x – 5x2 (D) y = 2x – 25x2
Sol. U = î + 2 ĵ
Ux = 2 î
Uy = 2 ĵ
tan  = 2 U= (1)2  (2)2  5
g x2
 y = x tan  –  (1  tan 2 )
2 U2
x2
= x2 – 5 (1  4)
5
y  2x  5x 2
3 2
5. The equation of motion of a projectile is, y = 12x – x what is range of the projectile ?
4
(A) 12.4 m (B) 16 m (C) 30.6 m (D) 36.0 m
3
Sol. y = 12x – x 2
4
Compare with
g x2
y = x tan =
2 U 2 cos 2 
tan = 12
g 3

2U cos  4
2 2
2g
U2cos2 =
3
1 2g
U=
100 3
145  20
U=
3
Or Ranyel means y = 0.
3
12x – x 2 = 0
9
x  16m
KINEMATICS-2D
6. A fire nozzle situated at a distance 18m from the building discharges water with an initial
velocity of 30 m/s as shown in the figure. Find :
H

18 m
(i) the maximum height H that can be reached by water.
(ii) the corresponding angle .
Sol.
30 m/s
18 m
Equation of trajectory
x = 18m U = 20m/s
y=H
Now
g x2
H = x tan – (1  tan 2) …(i)
2 y2
g 182 g 182
H = 18tan – 2
 2
tan 2 
2 30 2 U
dH
for Hmax = =0
d
5 18 18
18 sec2 =  2tan  sec2   0
900
18
18 = tan 
5
tan = 5   tan 1 (5)
Put it in (i)
18 18
H = 18 × 5 – (1 + 25)
900
9  26 450  234 216
= 90 – = 
5 5 5
Hmax = 43.2
KINEMATICS-2D
7. A particle P is projected, from a point O on horizontal ground, with speed v at an angle  above
the horizontal, where tan= 1/3.The particle passes through the point with coordinates
(3a, 3a/4) relative to horizontal and vertical axes at O in the plane of motion. (a)Determine the
value of v in terms of a and g. A particle Q is projected from O at the instant when P is moving
horizontally. It strikes the ground at the same place and at the same instant as P. (b) Calculate
the speed of projection of Q and find the tangent of the angle of projection. Express all the
answers in terms of a and g.
 1
Sol. given tan =
3
3a
(a) given x = 3a y=
4
using equation of trajectory for parabola.
g x2
(b) y = x tan – 2
(1+tan2)
2v
3a 1 g ga 2  1 
 3a   1
4 3 2 v2  9 
3 2ga 10
 1 2
4 2v 9
3 5ga
 1 2
4 v
v  2 5ga
18g
10
1
3
1
Sin =
10
3
Cos =
10
Vy = Vsin = 2 g = 2g
Vx = 6. ga = 18g
(b)
KINEMATICS-2D
P
Hmax
Q
Vy 2ga 2ga 2a
Trisep = = = =
g g g g
2a 2a
Tfallp = = Tfligh‘p’ =
g g
2a
Tfligh = = Tfallp
g
2U y 2a

g g
g2a ga
Uy  
4g 2
RP = Vx × tp Q Rp = Ro
Ru = Ux × tb
8a 2a
18ga   Ux 
g g
18ga  g  8
 Ux Ux  72ag
g  2a
ga 145ga
U  72ag  
2 2
ga
tan =
2 12ag
1
  tan 1
12
8. The position vector of a particle moving on x-y plane is given by r  t 2î   t  t 2  ˆj . Find (a)
the trajectory of the particle (b) the time at which its speed is minimum.
Sol. r  t 2î  (t t 2 )jˆ
(a)  x = t2 t= x
2
y=t–t
y= x –x
(x  y)1/2  x
KINEMATICS-2D
(b) diff. r w.r.t
V  2tiˆ  (1 2t)jˆ
| V | (2t)2  (1  2t)2
V= 4t 2  1  4t 2  4t
V = 8t 2  4t  1
S minimum value
dv
=0
dt
1 2
(8t  4t  1)(16t  4)  0
2
1
(2t2 – t + ) (4t – 1) = 0
4
1
8t3 – 4t2 + t – 2t2 + t – =0
4
1
Hit & fail method at t = =0
4
1
at = sec min.
4
9. The maximum range of a particle with a certain speed on a horizontal plane is R. Find its
maximum range when projected up on an inclined plane with inclination 30°.
Sol. For horizontal plane–
u 2 sin 2 u
R=
g
R = max at  = 45º 
u 2 sin 2(45º )
R=
g
u2 x'
R=
g
for inclined plane : y' u

In y' direction 30º
1 O
Sy' = uyT + ay T2
2
1
0 = usin (–30º) T – g cos 30º T2
2
2u sin(  30º )
T= …..(1)
g cos30º
KINEMATICS-2D
in x' direction
1
R = ux' T + ax' T2
2
1
R = ucos(– 30º)T – g (sin 30º)T2
2
2u 2 sin(  30º )cos 

  R =
g cos 2 
dR
For Rmax ; =0
d
On solving  = 60º
u2 2 u2 2
Rmax =   R
 1 3 g 3
g 1  
 2
KINEMATICS-2D
WORK BOOK–7
1. Two cars are moving towards each other with velocity 4m/s & 8 m/s respectively from two
different points in straight line, 1200 m apart simultaneously, find time after which both cars
meet :-
(A) 300 sec (B) 150 sec (C) 100 sec (D) None of these
Ans. (C)
Sol.
8m/s
4m/s
A B
o o o o
1200m
VA/B = 12 m/s
1200
t=
12
t  100 sec
2. In the previous question find difference of distance travelled by each car in others frame :-
(A) 400 m (B) 0 m (C) 800 m (D) None of these
Ans. (B)
Sol. In each other frame :
They travel 1200 m so their different e
1200 –1200 = 0
3. Two cars A & B start from rest (from the same point) in same direction with acceleration 8 m/s2
& 4 m/s2 respectively then acceleration of car B in frame of A (Take direction of motion of car
is positive):-
(A) 4 m/s2 (B) – 4 m/s2 (C) 12 m/s2 (D) None of these
Ans. (B)
Sol.
–ve +ve
A 4m/s2
B 4m/s2
aA/B = aB – aA = 4 – 8 = – 4 m/s2
4. In the previous question when distance between both cars becomes 200 m, find distance
travelled by the
car A in ground frame :-
(A) 200 m (B) 600 m (C) 800 m (D) 400 m
Ans. (D)
Sol.
1
SA =  8  t 2 …(i) A 8m/s2 B 4m/s2
2 200m
1 1
=  8 100 SA/B =  4  t 2
2 2
KINEMATICS-2D
200 2
SA = 400 m t Put it into (i)
2
5. Velocity and acceleration of both the cars is given in the figure find sum of displacement of
each car in ground frame when they finally meet :-
10 m/s2
A 5m/s2 B
5m/s 10 m/s (+)
900 m
(A) –300 m (B) 300 m (C) 600 m (D) –600 m
Ans. (A)
Sol. Time when they are meet
2
VA/B  UA/B
2
 2aA/BS
2
VA/B  225  27000
VA/B = 27225
VA/B  165
VA/B = UA/B + at
165 = 15 + 15t
In groomed frame disp.
1
SA =  5 100  5 10  300
2
1
SB = 10 10  10 100  600
2
Sum of displace
= – 600 + 300 = –300
Ans. (A)
6. If a lift is moving downwards with constant velocity 5 m/s. A coin is dropped from the lift, find
velocity of coin at the same instant when it is dropped in frame of lift and in frame of ground :-
(A) 5 m/s (downward), & 0 (B) 0 & 5 m/s (downward)
(C) 5 m/s (upward) & 0 (D) 0 & 5 m/s (upward)
Ans. (B)
5m/s cos4.
Sol. An frame of an ground frame
Dift.
VC/ = VC – V VC = 5m/s
=5–5=0
KINEMATICS-2D
7. A lift is moving downward with constant velocity 10 m/s. A coin is dropped at height 5m from
the floor of lift, find the time taken by coin to reach the floor :-
(A) 1 s (B) 0.5 s (C) 2 s (D) 1.5 s
Ans. (A)
Sol. In field frame initial VC/ = 0 a = –g
1 2
5 = 15t + at
2
1 2
5= gt
5
t  1 sec
8. In the previous question, find distance travelled by coin in ground frame :-

(A) 10m (B) 5 m (C) 20 m (D) 15 m
Ans. (D)
1
Sol. In grand frame S = 15t + at 2
2
1
SG = –10 × 1 + (–g) × 1
2
= –10 – 5 = (down ward) 15
SG  15m
9. A lift is moving with velocity 10 m/s upward with acceleration 5 m/s2 upwards. At the same
instant of time, a coin is dropped from 7.5 m above the floor of lift, find distance travelled by
the coin in ground frame before it strikes the floor :-
(A) 5 m (upward) (B) 10 m (downward) (C) 10 m (upward) (D) 5 m (downward)
Ans. (A)
Sol. In lift frame tome to drop the win floor
1
7.5 = g  t 2 a = g + 5 = 15
2
t  1sec
In ground frame total travel distance
= 12.5 – 7.5 = 5m VP word
10. A lift is moving vertically downwards with speed 10 m/s and acceleration 5 m/s2 downwards. A
coin is released 10 m from floor of lift, find distance travelled by lift when coin strikes the floor
of lift :-
(A) 20 m (B) 10 m (C) 25 m (D) 30 m
Ans. (D)
Sol. Time when coin strike in lift frame
ac/ = 5 m/s
UC/ = 0
KINEMATICS-2D
1 2
S= at
2
1
10 =  5t 2 t  2sec
2
Distance travel by lift in time inter
U = 10 m/s a = 5m/s2
1
S = 10 × 2 + ×4
2
S = 30 m
11 A person walks up a stationary escalator in t1 second. If he remains stationary on the escalator,

then it can take him up in t2 second. If the length of the escalator is L, then
(i) determine the speed of man with respect to the escalator
(ii) determine the speed of the escalator.
(iii) how much time would it take him to walk up the moving escalator ?
L L tt
Ans. (i) vme = , (ii) ve  , (iii) t  1 2
t1 t2 t1  t 2
L
Sol. (i) Vm/L =
t1
L
(ii) VL/m =
t2
(iii) Let t be the total time.
No V = Vm/L + V L/m
L L L
= 
t t1 t 2
t1 t 2
t
t1  t 2
KINEMATICS-2D
WORK BOOK–8
Paragraph for question nos. 1 to 3
Two cars travelling on a straight road. The car C1 is going at a constant speed of 9 m/s. 40 m
ahead of C1 is car C2 at rest, but starts moving with an acceleration of 1 m/s2.
C1 C2
9m/s Rest 1m/s2
40 m
1. The graph correctly representing the position of two cars with time w.r.t. initial position of C1.
s s s s
(A) (B) (C) (D)

t t t t
Ans. (D)
Sol. C1 9m/s2 C2 1m/s2
40m
S

t
w.r.t to initial position S C2 = 40 m aheall with C1 and moves with lonst acceleration
1
S = 1t 2
2
C1 = initial pasis moves with can speed straight line S  Vt
2. The graph correctly representing the velocity of the two cars with time
v v v v
45°
(A) (B) (C) (D)
t 45° 45° t 45° t
t
Ans. (B)
Sol. C1 moves with constant speed with gm/s and C2 moves with constant acceleration so initial C2
Rest  U=0
0
V = U + at
V = at a = tan
1 = tan   45
KINEMATICS-2D
C
C1
45°
3. During their motion, the car C1 over takes the car C2. But soon C2 overtakes C1 so determine the
maximum lead that C1 can have from C2.
(A) 0.5m (B) 9.5m (C) 81m (D) 90m
Ans. (A)
Sol. In frame of Reference of C2
Initial VC1 /C2 = 9 m/s
Initial aC1 /C2 = – 1 m/s2
S = 40 m
Time other they meet.
1
S = ut + at 2
2
1
40 = 9t + × (–1)t2
2
80 = 18t – t2
t2 – 18t + 80 = 0
t2 – 10t – 8t + 80 = 0
t(t – 10) – 8 (t – 10) = 0
t  8,10
means care, cross the carat t = 8sec and after 2 sec C2 cross the C1
So at t = 9 distance travel by cari C1 & car C2
Sc1 = 9 × 9 = 81m. (before 40m)
1
Sc2 = Ut 0 + at 2 (after 40m)
2
1
= 1 81 = 40.5
2
Sc1 = 81 – 40 = 41 [after 40 m]
Now the maximum lead that C1 from C2 is = 41 – 40.5 = 0.5m.

Two friends Raj & Pooja playing a game of collision of balls and throwing balls from the top of
the tower simultaneously as shown in the figure. If the balls collide in air at point P and point O
is treated as origin (g =10 m/s2)
KINEMATICS-2D
Raj
C
45°
20 2 esm/s
20m/s Pooja
300m
200
D
4. Distance D between the towers is -
(A) 100 m (B) 200 m (C) 400 m (D) 800 m
Ans. (B)
Sol. In For Pooja
40

20
100
S
m

20 1
D tan   
40 2
100 1
tan =  D  200m
D 2
when they meet,
5. Co-ordinate of point P is-

(A) (100,75) (B) (100,125) (C) (75,100) (D) (175,100)
Ans. (A)
Sol. S2 = (200 – 40t)2 + (100 – 20t)
ds 2
=0
dt
0 = 2(200 – 40t) – 40 + 2(100 – 20t) – 2
= –[(200 – 40t)40 + (100 – 20t)20]
= 400 – 80t + 100 – 20t
100t = 500
T = 5 sec
Now Co–ordinate
x = 20 × = 100 U cos × t
1
y cosd = 300 – (+20×5 + × 10 × 25)
2
= 300 – [+100 +125]
= 300 – 125
ycos = 75
KINEMATICS-2D
6. If wind starts blowing horizontally along positive x-direction, due to which a horizontal
acceleration of magnitude ax = 2m/s2 is imparted to the balls, then co-ordinates of point of
collision will be-
(A) (125, 100) (B) (75, 100) (C) (125, 75) (D) (100, 125)
Ans. (C)
Sol. y – co-ordinate are same
Chang l in x-cordinate
1
x = 100 + × 2 × 25
2
x  125

AB is an inclined roof and a particle is projected from origin towards the roof such that path of
the particle will just touch the roof once.
y
A
g=10ms–2
y0
10ms–1
45° 45° x
t=0 B
7. Particle will touch roof at t = .....
1
(A) 2s (B) 2s (C) s (D) 2 2s
2
Ans. (B)
Sol. At the time of touching velocity makes an angle 45° with horizontal in downward direction.
From + v  u  at
10
 sin 45  t  2s
gt
u
/s
m
10
45° gt
45°
45°
at
v
OR
Particle will touch roof at time of landing.
KINEMATICS-2D
y
A
g =10ms–2
y0
10ms–2
45° 45° t=t x
t=0 B
2u sin  2(10)sin 45
So t =   2s
g 10
8. Maximum height attained by projectile is

15 7 5
(A) 5m (B) m (C) m (D) m
2 2 2
Ans. (D)
2
2  1 
(10)  
u sin 
2 2
 2  5m
Sol. Hmax  
2g 2(10) 2
9. The value of y0 is
(A) 5m (B) 15 m (C) 20 m (D) 10 m
Ans. (D)
u 2 sin 2 (10)2 (1)
Sol. y0  R    10m
g 10
10. The axis of a cylindrical vessel is inclined at an angle  with y-axis. The magnitude of velocity
of falling rain is v. Origin is selected at O. The rate of filling the vessel will be maximum, if
(A) v = vcosθiˆ + vsinθjˆ (B) v =  vsinθiˆ  vcosθjˆ
(C) v = vcosθiˆ – vsinθjˆ (D) v = vsinθiˆ – vcosθjˆ
Y

O X
Ans. (B)
KINEMATICS-2D
11. An observer on ground sees a boat cross a river of width 800 m perpendicular to its stream in
200 seconds. He also finds a man on a raft floating at speed of 3 m/s with river. The distance
travelled by boat as seen by man on the raft in crossing the river is -
(A) 800 m (B) 1000m (C) 1200m (D) 1600m
Ans. (B)
12. Figure shows a still photograph from a war movie. Bombs have been dropped from the plane
B-52 at regular intervals. Air plane moves with constant speed in horizontal direction. Which
figure may be true still photograph. [Assume that there is no wind.]
(A) (B) (C) (D)

Ans. (A)
KINEMATICS-2D
WORK BOOK–8
Two cars travelling on a straight road. The car C1 is going at a constant speed of 9 m/s. 40 m
ahead of C1 is car C2 at rest, but starts moving with an acceleration of 1 m/s2.
C1 C2
9m/s Rest 1m/s2
40 m
1. The graph correctly representing the position of two cars with time w.r.t. initial position of C1.
s s s s
(A) (B) (C) (D)

t t t t
Ans. (D)
Sol. C1 9m/s2 C2 1m/s2
40m
S

t
w.r.t to initial position S C2 = 40 m aheall with C1 and moves with lonst acceleration
1
S = 1t 2
2
C1 = initial pasis moves with can speed straight line S  Vt
2. The graph correctly representing the velocity of the two cars with time
v v v v
45°
(A) (B) (C) (D)
t 45° 45° t 45° t
t
Ans. (B)
Sol. C1 moves with constant speed with gm/s and C2 moves with constant acceleration so initial C2
Rest  U=0
0
V = U + at
V = at a = tan
1 = tan   45
KINEMATICS-2D
C
C1
45°
3. During their motion, the car C1 over takes the car C2. But soon C2 overtakes C1 so determine the
maximum lead that C1 can have from C2.
(A) 0.5m (B) 9.5m (C) 81m (D) 90m
Ans. (A)
Sol. In frame of Reference of C2
Initial VC1 /C2 = 9 m/s
Initial aC1 /C2 = – 1 m/s2
S = 40 m
Time other they meet.
1
S = ut + at 2
2
1
40 = 9t + × (–1)t2
2
80 = 18t – t2
t2 – 18t + 80 = 0
t2 – 10t – 8t + 80 = 0
t(t – 10) – 8 (t – 10) = 0
t  8,10
means care, cross the carat t = 8sec and after 2 sec C2 cross the C1
So at t = 9 distance travel by cari C1 & car C2
Sc1 = 9 × 9 = 81m. (before 40m)
1
Sc2 = Ut 0 + at 2 (after 40m)
2
1
= 1 81 = 40.5
2
Sc1 = 81 – 40 = 41 [after 40 m]
Now the maximum lead that C1 from C2 is = 41 – 40.5 = 0.5m.

Two friends Raj & Pooja playing a game of collision of balls and throwing balls from the top of
the tower simultaneously as shown in the figure. If the balls collide in air at point P and point O
is treated as origin (g =10 m/s2)
KINEMATICS-2D
Raj
C
45°
20 2 esm/s
20m/s Pooja
300m
200
D
4. Distance D between the towers is -
(A) 100 m (B) 200 m (C) 400 m (D) 800 m
Ans. (B)
Sol. In For Pooja
40

20
100
S
m

20 1
D tan   
40 2
100 1
tan =  D  200m
D 2
when they meet,
5. Co-ordinate of point P is-

(A) (100,75) (B) (100,125) (C) (75,100) (D) (175,100)
Ans. (A)
Sol. S2 = (200 – 40t)2 + (100 – 20t)
ds 2
=0
dt
0 = 2(200 – 40t) – 40 + 2(100 – 20t) – 2
= –[(200 – 40t)40 + (100 – 20t)20]
= 400 – 80t + 100 – 20t
100t = 500
T = 5 sec
Now Co–ordinate
x = 20 × = 100 U cos × t
1
y cosd = 300 – (+20×5 + × 10 × 25)
2
= 300 – [+100 +125]
= 300 – 125
ycos = 75
KINEMATICS-2D
6. If wind starts blowing horizontally along positive x-direction, due to which a horizontal
acceleration of magnitude ax = 2m/s2 is imparted to the balls, then co-ordinates of point of
collision will be-
(A) (125, 100) (B) (75, 100) (C) (125, 75) (D) (100, 125)
Ans. (C)
Sol. y – co-ordinate are same
Chang l in x-cordinate
1
x = 100 + × 2 × 25
2
x  125

AB is an inclined roof and a particle is projected from origin towards the roof such that path of
the particle will just touch the roof once.
y
A
g=10ms–2
y0
10ms–1
45° 45° x
t=0 B
7. Particle will touch roof at t = .....
1
(A) 2s (B) 2s (C) s (D) 2 2s
2
Ans. (B)
Sol. At the time of touching velocity makes an angle 45° with horizontal in downward direction.
From + v  u  at
10
 sin 45  t  2s
gt
u
/s
m
10
45° gt
45°
45°
at
v
OR
Particle will touch roof at time of landing.
KINEMATICS-2D
y
A
g =10ms–2
y0
10ms–2
45° 45° t=t x
t=0 B
2u sin  2(10)sin 45
So t =   2s
g 10
8. Maximum height attained by projectile is

15 7 5
(A) 5m (B) m (C) m (D) m
2 2 2
Ans. (D)
2
2  1 
(10)  
u sin 
2 2
 2  5m
Sol. Hmax  
2g 2(10) 2
9. The value of y0 is
(A) 5m (B) 15 m (C) 20 m (D) 10 m
Ans. (D)
u 2 sin 2 (10)2 (1)
Sol. y0  R    10m
g 10
10. The axis of a cylindrical vessel is inclined at an angle  with y-axis. The magnitude of velocity
of falling rain is v. Origin is selected at O. The rate of filling the vessel will be maximum, if
(A) v = vcosθiˆ + vsinθjˆ (B) v =  vsinθiˆ  vcosθjˆ
(C) v = vcosθiˆ – vsinθjˆ (D) v = vsinθiˆ – vcosθjˆ
Y

O X
Ans. (B)
KINEMATICS-2D
11. An observer on ground sees a boat cross a river of width 800 m perpendicular to its stream in
200 seconds. He also finds a man on a raft floating at speed of 3 m/s with river. The distance
travelled by boat as seen by man on the raft in crossing the river is -
(A) 800 m (B) 1000m (C) 1200m (D) 1600m
Ans. (B)
12. Figure shows a still photograph from a war movie. Bombs have been dropped from the plane
B-52 at regular intervals. Air plane moves with constant speed in horizontal direction. Which
figure may be true still photograph. [Assume that there is no wind.]
(A) (B) (C) (D)

Ans. (A)
WORK BOOK–9
MINIMUM DISTANCE OF APPROACH
Ram and Shyam are walking on two perpendicular tracks with speed 3 ms–1 and 4 ms–1
respectively. At
a certain moment (say t = 0 sec) Ram and Shyam are at 20 m and 40 m away from the
intersection of tracks respectively and moving towards the intersection of the tracks.
1. During the motion the magnitude of velocity of Ram with respect to Shyam, is -
(A) 1 ms–1 (B) 4 ms–1 (C) 5 ms–1 (D) 7 ms–1
Ans. (C)
Sol. Given V  3iˆ
R
VS  4jˆ
20m
3m/s
*Ram
40m
4m/s
* Shyam
In frame of reference of Shyam
VRS  VR  VS
 3iˆ  4jˆ
| VRS | (3)2  (4)2 = 5 m/s

KINEMATICS-2D
2. Shortest distance between them subsequently, is -
(A) 18 m (B) 15 m (C) 25 m (D) 8 m
Ans. (D)
Sol. w.r.t Shyam
R 20m
A O
*
S 
40m x
4 B
 D
40–x
C * S (Ref.)
80
and BC = 40 –x = 40 –
3
40
 m
3
and shortest distance
CD = BCcos
40 3
  8m
3 5
4
tan =
3
CD = shortest distance
Now from AOB
x 4

20 3
80
x= m
3
4 5

3
3. The time t when they are at shortest distance from each other subsequently, is -
(A) 8.8 sec (B) 12 sec (C) 15 sec (D) 44 sec
Ans. (A)
Sol. From AOB
KINEMATICS-2D
OA
= cos
AB
20 3
 
AB 5
100
 AB = m
3
and AD = AB + BD
100
 + BCsin
3
100 40 4
  
3 3 5
132
 m
3
4. Ram moves with a velocity of 10 m/s in west direction. Shyam moves a direction 23° East of
North. Ram is 100 m away from Shyam in direction 53° East of North of him. What should be
speed of Shyam
so that he collides with Ram :-
(A) 4 3m/s (B)10 m/s (C) 12 m/s (D) none of these
Ans. (C)
Sol. Given = VR = 10
VRsin37°
R 53°
10 m/s
37°
53° N
VSsin30° VRcos37°
23°
30° E
R VScos30° W
S S
By figure
If born are collides then only they has velocity along SR so
VS sin30° = VRsin37°
1 3
 VS = 10×
2 5
 VS = 12 m/s
KINEMATICS-2D
5. Two particles are projected from the same point, with the same speed, in the same vertical
plane, at different angles with the horizontal. A frame of reference is fixed to one particle. The
position vector of
the other particle, as observed from this frame, is r . Which of the following statements are
correct?
(A) r is a constant vector
(B) r changes in magnitude and direction with time
(C) The magnitude of r increases linearly with time; its direction does not change
(D) The direction of r changes with time; its magnitude may or may not change, depending on
the angles of projection
Ans. (C)
Vsin1 V Vsin2 V
Sol.
1 2
Vcos1 Vcos2
(a) (b)
w.r.t. frame of reference of (b)
Vsin1 V(sin1 – sin2
Vcos2 Vcos1 V(cos1 – cos2
Vsin2
6. At a given instant, an observer stationary on the ground sees a package falling with speed v 1 at
certain angle with the vertical. A pilot flying at a constant horizontal velocity relative to the
ground sees the package falling vertically with a speed v2 at the same instant. What is the speed
of the pilot relative to the
ground?
(A) v1 + v2 (B) v1 – v2 (C) v12  v22 (D) v12  v22
Ans. (C)
Package
A

Sol.
V2 B
V1
O
Vnet = V12  V22
KINEMATICS-2D
V2 = Speed of package sees by pilot
V1 = Speed of package w.r.t. ground
So speed of pilot is from AOB
VP = V12  V22
WORK BOOK–10
1. Statement-1 : The magnitude of velocity of two boats relative to river is same. Both boats start
simultaneously from same point on one bank. They may reach opposite bank simultaneously
moving along different straight line paths.
Statement-2 : For above boats to cross the river in same time, the component of their velocity
relative to river in direction normal to flow should be same.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-
1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for
statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
Ans. (A)
2. Two boats were going down stream with different velocities. When one overtook the other a
plastic ball floating in water was seen in line with two boats. Some time later both boats turned
back simultaneously
& went at the same speeds as before (relative to the water) towards the spot where the ball had
been dropped. Which boat will reach the ball first ?
(A) the boat which has greater velocity (relative to water)
(B) the boat which has lesser velocity (relative to water)
(C) both will reach the ball simultaneously
(D) cannot be decided unless we know the actual values of the velocities and the time after
which they turned around.
Ans. (C)
3. A ball of mass m is thrown at an angle of 45° to the horizontal from top of a 65m high tower
AB as shown is Fig. Another identical ball is thrown with velocity 20 ms–1 horizontally towards
AB from top of a 30m high tower CD one second after the projection of first ball. Both the 20
ms–1 balls move in same vertical plane. If they collide in mid air. Calculate distance AC.
B
45°
20ms–1
10 2ms 1 D
65m 30 m
A C
d
Ans. 40m
KINEMATICS-2D
B t=0 10m/s
35m 10m/s
10 2 D
Sol.
30m
3m
A
C
For Ball B
In x-direction
X = vt = 10 m
In y-direction
1 2
S = ut – gt
2
= 10 – 5 = 15m
And after t = 1 sec. velocity of B ball in y-direction
Vy = u + at
= –10 – 10 = –20 m/sec.
Now the situation after t = 1 sec. w.r.t. D ball frame
B
15m
(20+10)m/s
B O
t+ H 
20m
20m
D(rest.)
A C
10m X
Condition for collides with ball D is its move along B'D So
B'OD
20 20
tan = 
30 x
so X = 30 m
Now AD = 10 + X = 40m
KINEMATICS-2D
4. A river is flowing with a speed of 1 km/hr. A swimmer wants to go to point C starting from A.
He swims with a speed of 5 km/hr, at an angle  w.r.t. the river flow. If AB = BC = 400 m.
Then find the value of  (in degree).
Ans. 53
400m
B C
100m
VScos
Sol. VS

A VSsin + VR
Given VS = 5 km/h
VR = 1 km/h
400 400
Now time to cross t = 
VS cos  5cos 
and drift. BC = (VSsin + VR)t
400
 400 = (5 sin + 1)
5cos
 5cos = 5sin + 1 .......(1)
By solve this equation q = 37°
So from horizontal it is  = 90° –  = 53°
5. A boat can move at a speed of 6 km/h in still water. It has to cross a river in minimum time of
½ hr. Calculate the distance (in km) it drifts along river, if river flows at a speed of 4 km/h.
Ans. 2
X C
B
Sol.
VB
A VR
Given VB = 6 km/h
KINEMATICS-2D
1
tmin =
hour
2
VR = 4 km/h
We know for minimum time crossing is flow  to the river flow of
Now drift X = VR tmin.
1
 4× = 2km
2
6. A mass crosses a river in a boat. If he crosses the river in minimum time he takes 10 minutes
with a drift
120 m. If he crosses the river taking shortest path, he takes 12.5 minute, find
(i) width of the river,
(ii) velocity of the boat with respect to water,
(iii) speed of the current.
Assume vb/r > vr
Ans. 200 m, 20 m/min, 12 m/min
Sol. Given tmin. = 120 m
x = 120 m
C-1 for minimum time
X C
B
d
VB
A VR
d
tmin. =
VB
d
 10×60 = ......(1)
VB
and X = VB tmin.
 X = 600 VR
 120 = 600 VR
1
 VR = m/sec.
5
C-2 for shortest path
KINEMATICS-2D
B
d
VB VBcos

VBsin A VR
VBsin = VR
d
and t = ......(2)
VB cos
VB 600
 12.5×60 [from eqn. (1)]
VB cos
4
 cos =
5
 = 37°
From (1)
1
d= ×600 = 200m
3
From (2)
V 1 5 1
VB = R   m/sec.
sin  5  3 3
(i) width of the river d = 200m
1
(ii) VB   60 = 20m/min.
3
1
(iii) VR   60 = 12 m/min.
5
7. Two ports A and B are separated by a river of width D. Water in the river flows with speed Vw.
A boat
crosses the river from port A to port B. The speed of the boat relative to water is VB. Given
Vw = 3VB
B
vw
D

30°
A
(a) Find the angle "" with AB in which the boat should start relative to water so that it moves
along AB.
(b) Find the time taken by the boat to reach the port B in terms of D and VB.
KINEMATICS-2D
D 2D
Ans. (a) 60°, 120° (b) ,
VB VB
B
D VBsin
VB
VBcos + VWcos30°

Sol. 30°
A VW
VWsin30°
Given Vw = 3 VB
D
and AB = = 2D
cos60
(a) If heat move along AB then
VBsin = VWsin30°
3VB
 VBsin =
2
  = 60°
AB 2D
(b) time t = =
VBcos  VWcos30 3
VBcos60  3VB
2
2D 4D
 
VB 3VB 4VB

2 2
D
t=
VB
8. Abhishek and Hritik have identical motorboats whose speed relative to the water is v. They
begin a race at the same point on the bank of a river of width d. The river flows at a constant
and uniform speed u, which is less than v. Abhishek must cross the river to the point on the
opposite bank directly across, and then return to the starting point. Hritik must travel
downstream a distance d and then upstream to the starting point. (Assume that the boats are
travelling at speed v relative to the water at all times. That is neglect the time necessary to
accelerate from the start or to turn around.)
u Abhishek d
Hritik
(a) What is the time for Hritik to make the round trip?
(b) What is the time for Abhishek to make the round trip?
KINEMATICS-2D
(c) Which person takes more time for the round trip?
 2vd  2d
Ans. (a) T1 =  2 2
(b) (c) Hritik takes more time
v u  v2  u 2
u
d
d
Sol.
V
Hritik
(a) For Hritik
Down stream time
d
t1 =
vu
d
Upstream time t2=
vu
Total time t = t1 + t2
2vd

v  u2
2
(b) for Abhishek
u
d
V Vcos

u
Vsin P
Abhishek
Condition for  move
vsin = u
u
sin =
v
d
Now time t =
vcos
d
t=
v 1  sin 2 
d
so t =
v  u2
2
Total time = 2t
2d
=
v2  u 2
KINEMATICS-2D
9. Boat moves with velocity 5m/s on still water. It is steered perpendicular to the river current.
B
y vr = 2m/s
b=40m
x
A
(A) Will it reach point B or somewhere else on the other bank ?
(B) How long will it take to cross the river ?
(C) How far down stream, will it reach the other bank?
(D) Does it take minimum time in this way ?
Ans. (a) Somewhere down stream (b) 8 s (c) 16 m (d) Yes
X
B
Sol. d
VB
A VR
VR = 2m/s and VB = 5 m/s
time to cross river
40
t= = 8 sec.
5
and X = VRt = 2×8 = 16 m
(A) No, some where at down stream
(B) t =8 sec.
(C) X = 16 m
(D) Yes
10. Two ports, A and B on a North-South line are separated by a river of width D. A boat cross the
river from port A to port B. The speed of the boat relative to the water is v & that river is v/2
towards east. State all your answer in terms of v and D.
B Shore
N
 v/2
W E D
S
A Shore
(A) What is the direction of the rowing of the boat so that it crosses directly on a line from A to
B ? How long does the trip take?
(B) Suppose the boat wants to cross the river from A to the other side in the shortest possible
time. In what direction should he row the boat? How long does the trip take?
KINEMATICS-2D
2d
Ans. (a)  = 30°, t = , (b) t = D/v, x = D/2
v 3
B
D
V Vcos
Sol. 
Vsin A VR
V
VR =
2
(A) For move along AB
vsin = VR
v
 vsin =
2
 = 30°
D 2D
time t = 
vcos30 3V
D
(B) For move to minimum time boat move  to the river and tmin. =
V
V D
and drift (X) = t min. 
2 2
11. A boat is to go straight across a stream that is flowing at 5.0 km/h to east. The boatman knows
that his speed with respect to water is 10 km/h. The angle at which he must head the boat, and
his speed relative to the shore will be :-
N 
vw
(A) 10 km/h at 0° (B) 53 km/h at 60°

(C) 103 km/h at 30° (D*) 53 km/h at 30°
B
VB VBcos
Sol. 
VBsin A VW
VW = 5 km/h
KINEMATICS-2D
VB = 10 km/h
To move along AB
VBsin = VW
5
 sin =
10
 = 30°
VB VW

Relative speed to the shod is = VB cos

= 10cos30°
= 5 3 km/h
12. Statement-1 : Relative velocity of body A with respect to another body B is independent of the
   
reference frame R from which velocity of A VA/R and velocity of B VB/R are observed.
Statement-2 : Velocity of body A with respect to another body B is VA/R  VB/R .
1.
statement-1.
Ans. (A)
13. Column-I Column-II

(A) If swimmer can swim at 5m/sec in still water and if (P) 53°
velocity of water flow is 4m/sec then angle between
direction of swimming and direction of river flow to
minimize drift.
(B) If swimmer can swim at 5m/sec in still water and (Q) 127°
velocity of flow is 3m/sec then angle between direction
of velocity of swimmer with respect to river and the
direction of river flow if swimmer crosses the river in
minimum time .
(C) If swimmer can swim at 4 m/sec and velocity of (R) 143°
flow is 3m/sec then angle of resultant velocity
(w.r.t. ground) with the direction of river flow if swimmer
heads perpendicular to flow of river.
KINEMATICS-2D
(D) Angle between direction of fluttering of flag and (S) 90°
north if wind blows towards south west direction
with a velocity 3 2 m/sec. Man moves with a
velocity 7m/sec along west, holding flag in his hand.
Ans. (A)-R ; (B)-S ; (C)-P ; (D)-Q
 VR
VS VScos
Sol.  
VSsin A VR
Given VR = 4 m/s
VS = 5 m/s
(A) For minimum drift
Condition VSsin = VR
4
  = sin 1  
5
  = 53°
 = 90 + 53 = 143°
(B) For minimum time the direction of swimmer is  to the river flow.
So  = 90°
VR
VS
(C)
Vxt

Given VS = 4 m/s
VR = 3 m/s
V 4
tan = S 
VR 3
 = 53°
KINEMATICS-2D
3 2 cos45° Vfm = 7 N
(D)
45°
W E
VW = 3 2 m/s 3 2 sin45°
S
(7–3) = 4
VS 
3
3
So tan = = 37°
4
From, north  = 90 +  = 90 + 37 = 127°
WORK BOOK–11 (Relative Motion)

1. Statement-1 : The instantaneous velocity is always tangential to path.
and
Statement-2 : The slope of position-time graphs represent the velocity.
(A) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is True ; Statement–2 is a correct explanation for
Statement–1.
(B) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is True ; Statement–2 is not a correct explanation for
Statement–1.
(C) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is False.
(D) Statement–1 is False, Statement–2 is True.
Ans. (B)
Sol. Instantaneous velocity
S ds
V = lim 
t 0 t dt
In curve if t  0, the point P2 comes very close to point P,
S
S2
P2
S1
P1
O t2
t1 t
KINEMATICS-2D
Instantaneous velocity can be found by determining the slope of the tangent of the displacement
time graph at that instant velocity at point P at time t0
ds
V= = tan
dt
S
 t
O
t0
dv dv
2. Statement–1 : For motion in parabolic path,  0 but may be zero.
dt dt
and
Statement–2 : Acceleration in a body may be due to change in direction of velocity only.
(A) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is True ; Statement–2 is a correct explanation for
Statement–1.
(B) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is True ; Statement–2 is not a correct explanation for
Statement–1.
(C) Statement–1 is True, Statement–2 is False.
(D) Statement–1 is False, Statement–2 is True.
Ans. (A)
dV
Sol. represents magnitude of rate of change of velocity means acceleration.
dt
Velocity is vector quantity, and change when even only direction of motion changes
d|V|
represents rate of change of speed. It may be zero even acceleration may not zero, for
dt
example uniform circular motion.
3. Statement-1 : Two stones are simultaneously projected from level ground from same point
with same speeds but different angles with horizontal. Both stones move in same vertical plane.
Then the two stones may collide in mid air.
and
Statement-2 : For two stones projected simultaneously from same point with same speed at
different angles with horizontal, their trajectories must intersect at some point except projection
point.
1.
statement-1.
Ans. (C)
KINEMATICS-2D
4. Statement -1 : Two projectiles having same range must have the same time of flight.
Statement -2 : Horizontal component of velocity is constant in projectile motion under gravity.
1.
statement-1.
Ans. (D)
2U x U y 2U y
Sol. R= and T =
g g
R depends on horizontal and vertical component of initial velocity but T depends only on
vertical component of initial velocity.
In projectile motion under gravity acceleration due to gravity is always perpendicular to
horizontal component of velocity.
5. Statement-1 : When a particle is observed from two different inertial reference frames the
general shape of the trajectory of particle is same.
Statement-2 : The position vector of a particle and its velocity are relative quantities.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True, Statement-2 is a correct explanation for
statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True, Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for
Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
Ans. (D)
Sol. Velocity of particle may different as observed from two different inertial frame. Hence
horizontal or vertical component of velocity may also different wrt. different frame.
If horizontal component of velocity is zero wrt. a inertial frame, motion may be straight line.
Position vector and velocity of particle are relative quantities.
6. Statement 1 : The trajectory of a projectile w.r.t. another projectile is a straight line .

and
Statement 2 : The relative velocity of a projectile w.r.t. another projectile is constant.
1.
statement-1.
Ans. (A)
KINEMATICS-2D
Y Y
U1 U2
Sol.
1 2
X X
1 2
a12 = g – g = 0
Relative acceleration is zero
Relative motion between two particle is uniform.
(U12)x = U1 cos1 – U2 cos2
(U12)y = U1 sin1 – U2 sin2
The relative velocity of a projectile wrt. another projectile is constant.
 (U12 ) y 
Hence relative motion of 1 with respect to 2 is a straight line at an angle q = tan–1  
 (U12 ) x 
with positive X axis.
7. Statement-1 : If separation between two particles does not change then their relative velocity
will be zero.
Statement-2 : Relative velocity is the rate of change of position of one particle with respect to
another.
1.
statement-1.
Ans. (D)
Sol. When two particle moving in concentric circles with same angular velocity
VP1 = R1 and VP2 = R2
VP1 – VP2 = R1 – R2
R2 

R1 P1 P2
8. Statement-1 : Three projectiles are moving in different paths in the air. Vertical component of
relative velocity between any of the pair does not change with time as long as they are in air.
Neglect the effect of air friction.
Statement-2 : Relative acceleration between any of the pair of projectiles is zero.
KINEMATICS-2D
1.
statement-1.
Ans. (A)
Sol. Acceleration of all particles is g downwards. So relative acceleration between any of the pair of
projectile is zero.
So relative motion between any of two pair is uniform.
9. Statement-1 : The magnitude of velocity of two boats relative to river is same. Both boats start
simultaneously from same point on one bank. They may reach opposite bank simultaneously
moving along different straight line paths.
Statement-2 : For above boats to cross the river in same time, the component of their velocity
relative to river in direction normal to flow should be same.
1.
statement-1.
Ans. (A)
VBR
(VBR) d
Sol. VR

(VBR)11
d
Time to cross river T =
(VBR )
It depends on component of velocity of boat relative to river in direction normal to flow.
10. A boy holding a flag when is standstill, the flag flutters in 53° north of west and when he starts
running westwards with velocity 6 m/s, the flag flutters in the north. Wind velocity is closest to
(A) 8 m/s, 53° north of west (B) 8 m/s, 53° east of south
(C) 10 m/s, 53° north of west (D) 10 m/s, 53° east of south
Ans. (C)
Sol. When boy stand still
VB = 0
KINEMATICS-2D
N
VW
(VW)y
53°
W (VW)x
When VB = 6 m/s
So (VWB)X = 0  (VW)X = VB = 6m/s
VWB
W
VB
So VWcos53° = (VW)X
 3
 VW   = 6
5
 VW = 10 m/s
 VW = 10 m/s, 53° north of west
KINEMATICS-2D
WORK BOOK–12 (Relative Motion)

Paragraph for Question 1 to 3
Rain drops are falling with a velocity 10 2m/sec making an angle of 45° with vertical. The
drops appear to be falling vertically to a man running with constant velocity. The velocity of
rain drops change
such that the rain drops appear to be falling vertically with times the velocity it appeared
earlier to the same person running with same velocity-
1. The magnitude of velocity of man w.r.t. ground is
(A) 10 2 m/s (B) 10 3 m/s (C) 10m/s (D) 20 m/s
2. After the velocity of rain drops change, the magnitude of velocity of raindrops w.r.t. ground is
(A) 20 3 m/s (B) 10 m/s (C) 10 3m/s (D) 20 m/s
3. The angle between initial and final velocity vectors of the rain drops w.r.t. to the ground is
(A) 15° (B) 8° (C) 22.5° (D) 37°
1. Ans. (C)
Sol. VR  VRx î  VRy (ˆj)
KINEMATICS-2D
 VR  10iˆ 10jˆ
VR x y
45º
x
VR y VR
VRM  VR  VM
 10jˆ  (10iˆ10 ˆj)  VM
 VM  10iˆ
2. Ans. (D)
Sol. Again rain appears to falling verticle so
VRx  VM
= 10iˆ
VR x

VR y VR
And
VR y  10 3 ˆj
VR = (10)2  (10 3)2 = 20 m/s
3. Ans. (A)
10 1
Sol. tan = =  = 30º
10 3 3
Angle between initial and final velocity vector  = 45º – 30º = 45º
Comprehension: Rain and man

By the term velocity of rain, we mean velocity with which raindrops fall relative to the ground.
In absence of wind, raindrops fall vertically and in presence of wind raindrops fall obliquely.
Moreover raindrops acquire a constant terminal velocity due to air resistance very quickly as
they fall toward the earth.
A moving man relative to himself observes an altered velocity of raindrops, which is known as
velocity of rain relative to the man. It is given by the following equation.
KINEMATICS-2D
vrm  vr  vm
A standstill man relative to himself observes rain falling with velocity, which is equal to
velocity of the raindrops relative to the ground.
To protect himself a man should hold his umbrella against velocity of raindrops relative to
himself as shown in the following figure.
vrm vrm vrm
4. Rain is falling vertically with velocity 80 cm/s.

(a) How should you hold your umbrella?
(b) You start walking towards the east with velocity 60 cm/s. How should you hold your
umbrella?
(c) You are walking towards the west with velocity 60 cm/s. How should you hold your
umbrella?
(d) You are walking towards the north with velocity 60 cm/s. How should you hold your
umbrella?
(e) You are walking towards the south with velocity 80 cm/s. How should you hold your
umbrella?
Ans. (a) Vertically (b) 53° above east (c) 53° above west (d) 53° above north (e) 45° above south
Sol. (a) VM = 0 VR  80jˆ
VR
UP
N
W E
S
DOWN
Hold umbrella vertically
80 4
(b) tan = 
60 3
(VRM )x  VM = 60 cm/s

VRM (VRM )x VR = 80 cm/s

  = 53º
So  = 53º
KINEMATICS-2D
Ambrella at 53º above east
80 4
(c) tan = 
60 3
VM = 60 cm/s
 (VRM )x

VR = 80 cm/s
(VRM )x
  = 53º VRM
so  = 53º
Ambrella at 53º above west
80 4
(d)  = 
60 3
  = 53º
so  = 53º
UP
VM = 60 cm/s E
 (VRM )x
N S

W
DOWN
VR = 80 cm/s
(VRM )x VRM
Ambrella at 53º above north
80
(e) tan =
80
  = 45º
so  = 45º
KINEMATICS-2D
VM = 80 cm/s (VRM )x 

VR = 80 cm/s (VRM ) y
VRM
Ambrella at 45º above south
5. When you are standstill in rain, you have to hold your umbrella vertically to protect yourself.
(a) When you walk with velocity 90 cm/s, you have to hold your umbrella at 53° above the
horizontal.
What is velocity of the raindrops relative to the ground and relative to you?
(b) If you walk with speed 160 cm/s, how should you hold your umbrella?
Ans. (a) 120 cm/s vertically150 cm/s 53° above horizontal (b) 37° above the horizontal.
Sol. (a)
VM (VRM )x 53º
53º
VR
VRM (VRM ) y
(VRM )x  90cm/s
(VRM ) y
tan 53º =
(VRM )x
4 (VRM ) y
   (VRM ) y  120cm / s
3 90
VRM   90iˆ 120jˆ
VRM  902 1202 = 150 cm/s 53º above horizontal
VRM  VR  VM
(90iˆ120j)
ˆ  VR  90iˆ
 VR  120jˆ
 VR  120cm/s vertically
KINEMATICS-2D
(b)
VM (VRM )x 

VR
VRM (VRM ) y
(VRM ) x = 160 m/s
(VRM )y = VR = 120 cm/s
120 3
tan =    = 37º
160 4
Umbrella should be hold at  = 37º above horizontal
6. A man walks in rain at 72 cm/s due east and observes the rain falling vertically. When he stops,
rain appears to strike his back at 37° from the vertical. Find velocity of raindrops relative to the
ground.
Ans. 120 cm/s
Sol.
VM (VR ) x
37º
(V R ) y VR
(VR )x  VM = 72 cm/s î
VR sin37º  (VR )x
 3
 VR    72
5
 VR = 120 cm/s
7. When you walk in rain at 75 cm/s, you have to hold your umbrella vertically and when you
double your
speed in the same direction, you have to hold your umbrella at 53° above the horizontal. What
is the rain
velocity?
KINEMATICS-2D
Ans. 125 cm/s at 37° from the vertical
Sol.
VM (VR ) x
(V R ) y VR
VM = 75 cm/s rain appear vertically, so
(VR )x  VM = 75 cm/s î
Now VM = 150 cm/s î (VR ) x = 75 cm/s î
(VRM ) = 75 cm/s ( î)
x
(VRM )x 53º
53º
VRM (VRM ) y
(VRM ) y
tan53º =
(VRM )x
4 (VRM ) y
 
3 75
 (VRM ) y = 100 cm/s  (VRM ) y = 100 cm/s ( ˆj)
So (V R ) y = 100 cm/s ( ˆj)
VR = 752  1002 = 120 cm/s
Comprehension: Flag in wind

When you are standstill holding a flag, the flag flutters in the direction of wind. When you start
running the direction of fluttering of the flag changes in to the direction of the wind relative to
you. In all case a flag flutters in the direction of the wind relative to the flag.
8. When you are standstill holding a flag the flag flutters in the north and when you run at 8 m/s
due east, the flag flutters in direction 37° north of west. Find the wind velocity.
Ans. 6 m/s due north
Sol. When VM = 0 flag flutters in the north so wind is in north direction
(VWM )x = 8 m/s
KINEMATICS-2D
(V WM ) y
tan 37º =
(V WM ) x
3 (VWM ) y
   (VWM )y = 6 m/s
4 8
(VWM )  VW  VM
 (8iˆ  6j)
ˆ  VW  8iˆ
 VW = 6m/s due north
9. Wind is blowing uniformly due north everywhere with velocity 12 m/s. A car mounted with a
flag starts
running towards east. After 9 s from start the flag flutters in 53° north of west and after 16 s
from the start
the flag flutters in 37° north of west.
(a) Find velocity of the car 9 s after it starts.
(b) Find velocity of the car 16 s after it starts.
(c) If the car maintains uniform acceleration, find acceleration of the car.
Ans. (a) 9 m/s (b) 16 m/s (c) 1 m/s2
Sol.
VC
VW
(VWC ) y  VW  12m/s ˆj
(VWC )x  VC
VWC (VWC ) y (VWC ) y
VWC
VC 37º VC
(VWC )x (VWC )x
At t = 9 second At t = 16 second
(a) at t = 9 second
12
at 53 =  (VWC )x = 9 cm/s
(VWC )x
So VC = 9 m/s
(b) at t = 16 second
12
tan 37º =  (VWC )x = 16 m/s
(VWC )x
so VC = 16 m/s
KINEMATICS-2D
16  9
(c) Acceleration a = = 1 m/s2
7
10. Holding a flag, when you run at 8 m/s due east, the flag flutters in the north and when you run
at 2 m/s due south, the flag flutters in the northeast. If the wind velocity is uniform and remain
constant, find the wind velocity.
Ans. 10 m/s, 37° north of east
N
VWM
W E VW
Sol.
S
VM
When VM = 8 m/s flag flutter in north so VWM is along north
So (VW )x  VM = 8m/siˆ
(V WM ) y
VWM
45º
(VWM )x
VM
Now (VWM )x  (VW )x = 8m/siˆ
And from figure it is clear that (V WM ) y  (V WM ) x
(V W ) y – (–2) = 8
(V W ) y = 6m/ ˆj
(V W ) y  6
VW

(VW )x  8
So VW  82  62 = 10 m/s
6
 = tan–1   = 37º
8
So VW = 10 m/s, 37º north of east
KINEMATICS-2D
ADVANCE PROBLEMS
1. Ball I is thrown towards a tower at an angle of 60° with the horizontal with unknown speed (u).
At the same moment ball II is released from the top of tower as shown. Balls collide after two
seconds and at the moment of collision, velocity of ball I is horizontal. If height of the tower is
5d meter, find the value of d.
II
5d
u
I 60°
Ans 8
II ball
u sin60°
5d
Sol.
60°
I ball u cos60°
Given t = 2sec.
At the time of collision I ball have only horizontal velocity so it is a maximum height then for I
ball
1/y = uy + ayt
 0 = usin60° – 10xt
3u
 = 20
2
40
u= m/s ........(1)
3
Now In frame of Ref. of II ball
aI/II = 0
Initial velocity of I ball UI/II = usin60°
So In case of collision
40 3
5d = 4sin60°xt =  2
3 2
d=8
2. Two particles P and Q are launched simultaneously as shown in figure. Find the minimum
distance between particles in meters.
KINEMATICS-2D
10ms–1
P 45°
70ms–1
45° Q
Ans. 6
Sol. In frame of P particle
VQP  VQ  VP
70 ˆ 70 ˆ 10 ˆ 10 ˆ
 i j i j
2 2 2 2
80 ˆ 60 ˆ
 i j
2 2
P b

d
a
90 Vnet
 60
 2
O 80 Q C Point
2
110
90
tan =
110
 60 
  3
and tan =  2  
 80  4
 
 2
  = 37°
Now In aOC
Oa = OC tan
3 330
= 110× = m
4 4
330
Now ab = 90 –
4
So minimum distance bd = abcos
30 4
  = 6 m
4 5
KINEMATICS-2D
3. ˆ ˆ
A motor boat set out at 11 a.m. from a position 6i  2j and travels at a steady speed of
magnitude 53 on a direct course to intercept a ship. The ship maintains a steady velocity
vector 3iˆ  4jˆ and at 12 noon is at a position 3iˆ  ˆj . Find
(a) the velocity vector of the motor boat,
(b) the time of interception and
(c) the position vector of point of interception. If distances are measured in kilometres and
speeds in kilometres per hour.
Ans. (a) 7i + 2j (b) 12:30 pm (c) 9/2i + j
x p
t
y
Sol.
4 m/s
v (0,0)
u 3 m/s
(–6, –2) (3, –1)
Molar Ship
t = 11 am t = 12 noon
Let both molar and slip intercept at point P in t sec.
and velocity of motor in x-direction is u and in y-direction is v.
So v2 + u2 = 53 ....(5)
For motor
x + 6 = ut ......(1)
and y + 2 = vt ......(2)
For slip start after 1 hour.
x – 3 = 3(t – 1) ......(3)
and y + 1 = 4(t – 1) ......(4)
from (3) x = 3t
from (4) y = 4t – 5
Now from (1), (2) and (3)
 x 6  y2
2 2
 t    t  = 53
   
 3t  6   4y  2 
2 2
    = 53
 t   t 
3
By solving equation t =
2
3t  6 4t  3
then u = and v =
t t
Put time
 u = 7 and v = 2
KINEMATICS-2D
(a) Velocity of motor = 7iˆ  2jˆ
(b) Time of Interception = 11 a.m + 1.5 hours = 12:30 P.m
3 9
(c) Position x = 3× = ; y = 1
2 2
4. A stone is projected from point P on the inclined plane with velocity v0 = 10 m/s directed
perpendicular to the plane. The time taken by the stone to strike the horizontal ground S is
(Given PO = = 10 meter)
v0
P

53°
S
O
(A) 1.5 sec (B) 1.4 sec (C) 2 sec (D) 2.3 sec
Ans. (C)
V0 sin37°
V0 = 10m/sec.
Sol. P 37°
V0 cos37°
37° 
53°
A O S
Given V0 = 10 m/s
 = PA = 10 m
4
Now AP = cos37° = 10× =8m
5
So In y-direction
1 2
Sy = uyt + ayt
2
1
 – 8 10sin37°×t – ×10×t2
2
 5t2 – 6t – 8 = 0
6  365  4  5  8
t=
10
6  196

10
Considered +ve time t = 2sec.
KINEMATICS-2D
5. Time taken by the projectile to reach from A to B is t. Then the distance AB is equal to
u B
600 0
30
A
ut 3ut
(A) (B) (C) 3 ut (D) 2 ut
3 2
Ans. (A)
y
4 sin 60 B

Sol.
60°
30° 4cos60
A O x
 cos30°
Now OA = ucos60°t
 cos30° = 4cos60°t
ut
 = AB =
3
6. An open box of height 1 m is placed near a 2m high table as shown. Marble rolling on the table,
leave the table and are collected in the box. umax and umin are the maximum and minimum values
of velocities of marbles to fall into the box. Find the value of umax–umin (in m/s).
u
2m
1m
5m 5m
Ans. 5
(0, 0)
u
O
2m
Sol.
1m
5 5
Let O point as origin to
KINEMATICS-2D
Trajectory of projectile motion is
gx 2
y = xtan – ......(1)
2u 2 cos 2 
For maximum velocity coordinate is
y = –1 ; =0
x= 2 5
Now from(1)
 
2
10  2 5
+1 = 0 +
2  u 2 1
Umax. = 10 m/sec.
For minimum velocity coordinate is  
5, 1 from (1)
 5
2
10 
–1 = 0 –
2  u2
Umin = 5 m/sec.
Umax. – Umin. = 5 m/sec.
7. In the given figure points A and C are on the horizontal ground & A and B are in same vertical
plane. Simultaneously bullets are fired from A, B and C and they collide at D. The bullet at B is
72
fired horizontally with speed of km/hr and the bullet at C is projected vertically upward at
5
54
velocity of km/hr. Find velocity of the bullet projected from A in m/s.
5
B (72/5) km/hr
(54/5) km/hr
 C ground
A
Ans. 5
y u
x
P Q
h
Sol.
30° 60°
O
Given
72 5
VB =  = 4 m/sec.
5 18
KINEMATICS-2D
54 5
VC =  = 3 m/sec.
5 18
Condition for collide A, B & C are
UAX = VB = 4m/sec.
UAY = VC = 3m/sec.
So UA = (3)2  (4)2 = 5 m/sec.
8. Two inclined planes OA and OB having inclination (with horizontal) 30° and 60° respectively,
intersect each other at O as shown in fig. A particle is projected from point P with velocity u =
10 3 m\s along a direction perpendicular to plane OA. If the particle strikes plane OB
perpendicularly at Q. Calculate
B
A u Q
P
h
30° 60°
O
(i) Time of flight,
(ii) Velocity with which particle strikes the plane OB,
(iii) Vertical height h of P from O,
(iv) Maximum height from O attained by the particle and
(v) Distance PQ
Ans. (i) 2 s; (ii) 10 m/s; (iii) 5m;'(iv) 16.25 m; (v) 20m
Sol. (i) For time of flight
Vx0 = Ux = axt ax = –gsin60°
 0 = 10 3 – gsin60°t Ux = 10 3 m/sec.
10 3  2
t= Vx = 0
10 3
 t = 2 sec.
(ii) Vy = U0y = ay t ay = –gcos60°
 Vy = –gcos60°×2
= –10 m/sec.
(iii) distance OP is
1 2
Sy = ugt +
qyt
2
1
 OP = × g cos60 × (2)2
2
= 10m.
More height h = OP sin30 = 5m
(iv) max. height from O
KINEMATICS-2D
S
y' u B
A 60° x'
R Q
P
h
60°
30°
O
Now we chose x' – y' plane and then
u 2 sin 2 60 100  3  3
RS = = = 11.25 m
2g 2 10  4
Then max. height from O = OR + RS
= h + RS = 5 + 11.5 = 16.25 m
1 2
(v) distance OQ Sx = ux t + axt
2
1 3
 OQ = 10 3  2  10  4
2 2
 OQ = 10 3
and PQ = (OQ)2  (OP)2
 300  100 = 20 m.
9. A swimmer starts to swim from point A to cross a river. He wants to reach point B on the
opposite side of the river. The line AB makes an angle 60° with the river flow as shown. The
velocity of the swimmer in still water is same as that of the water
B
60°
A
(i) In what direction should he try to direct his velocity ?
Calculate angle between his velocity and river velocity.
(ii) Find the ratio of the time taken to cross the river in this situation to the minimum time in
which he can cross this river.
2
Ans. (i) 120°; (ii)
3
KINEMATICS-2D
B
u Given-
VS = u
d 4sin u 30 4cos4cos60 VR = u
Sol.  
60 u
A
4sin60 
(a) If swimmer move along AB then
u sin = u sin60
Q = 60
Then from horizontal it is
 = 60 + Q = 120°
d
(b) tmin = 
u
  and time taken in (a) condition is
AB d d
t=  =
Vnet cos30 24cos60cos30
4cos 60  4cos 60
2d
t=
3u
t 2
so 
t min. 3
10. A large heavy box is sliding without friction down a smooth plane of inclination . From a
point P on the bottom of the box, a particle is projected inside the box. The initial speed of the
particle with respect to box is u and the direction of projection makes an angle  with the
bottom as shown in figure.

P Q

(i) Find the distance along the bottom of the box between the point of projection P and the
point Q where the particle lands. (Assume that the particle does not hit any other surface of
the box. Neglect air resistance).
(ii) If the horizontal displacement of the particle as seen by an observer on the ground is zero,
find the speed of the box with respect to the ground at the instant when the particle was
projected.
u 2 sin 2 u cos     
Ans. (i) ; (ii) v 
g cos  cos 
Sol.  
KINEMATICS-2D
Y
y
x
u
 Q
v
p
 X'
Initial speed of particle with respect to box is u so box is as ref. frame
u Pb = u cos  î + 4 sin  ĵ
and acc. with respect to box
aPb = a p  a b
  sin î  gcos  ˆj ( gsin î)
= gcos  ˆj
So in X direction there is no. acc.
So PQ = (4 cos ) T ……..(1)
and In y – direction
1
Sy = 4y T – ay T2
2
24sin 
T=
g cos 
From (1)
u 2 sin 2
PQ =
g cos 
(b) Let box has V velocity along inclined plane if we take X' – Y' plane then
Velocity of box VbG  Vcos  î  Vsin  ˆj
Velocity of particle or t box V  4cos(  ) î  4sin(  ) ˆj
Pb
Now VP  VPb  VPG

= [u cos( + ) –V cos] î + [4 sin() – V sin) ĵ
no displacement in x' axis so Vx' = 0
4 cos( + – V cos = 0
u cos(  )
 V= 
cos 
EXERCISE (J)
1. A train is moving along a straight line with a constant acceleration ‘a’. A boy standing in the
train throws a ball forward with a speed of 10 m/s, at an angle of 60° to the horizontal. The boy
has to move forward by 1.15 m inside the train to catch the ball back at the initial height. The
acceleration of the train, in m/s2, is [IIT JEE 2011]
Ans. 5
KINEMATICS-2D
a
u
Given u = 10 m/s
Sol. 60° x = 1.15 m
x =1.15 m
4 sin60
4 cos60
Time of flight for particle
2u sin 
T=
g
2 10  3
=
2 10
= 3 
 In time T distance covered by particle
1
x = ux T + 9 × T2 + 1.15
2
1
 x = 1.15 + × a × 3
2
This is range of particle
3
R = a + 1.15
2
u sin 2 3
2
  a + 1.15
g 2
100  3 3
 = 1.15 = a
2 10 2
 2 = 5m/sec  
2
2. Airplanes A and B are flying with constant velocity in the same vertical plane at angles 30° and
60° with respect to the horizontal respectively as shown in the figure. The speed of A is
100 3 ms1 . At time t = 0s, an observer in A finds B at a distance of 500 m. This observer
sees B moving with a constant velocity perpendicular to the line of motion of A. If at t = t0, A
just escapes being hit by B, t0 in seconds is [IIT JEE -2014]
Ans. 5
Sol.
KINEMATICS-2D
VBsin30 VB VBcos30
30° 60° 30
A B
t=0
500 m.
In forms of A, B move  to line of motion of means A sec only  velocity of B to
VBcos30 = 100 3
 VB = 200m/sec
d 500
Then time t =  = 5 sec.
VB sin 30 100
3. A rocket is moving in a gravity free space with a constant acceleration of 2 ms–2 along + x
direction (see figure). The length of a chamber inside the rocket is 4 m. A ball is thrown from
the left end of the chamber in + x direction with a speed of 0.3 ms–1 relative to the rocket. At the
same time, another ball is thrown in –x direction with a speed of 0.2 ms–1 from its right end
relative to the rocket. The time in seconds when the two balls hit each other is [IIT JEE-2014 ]
a = 2 ms–2
0.3 ms–1 0.2 ms–1 x
4m
Ans. 2 or 8
Sol.
0.3m/sec 2m/sec2
A B
0.2m/sec
4m
C-1 There is two cosec in first case a ball does not collide with chamber then
In forms of B
VAB = 0.3 + 0.2 = 0.5
Relative = 4m
S 4
so t=  = 8 sec.
VAB 0.5
C-2 In closed chamber forms of chamber to displacement covered by A is

UA2 = UA2 – 2a A
 O = (0.3)2 – 2 × 2 × A
 SA = 0.0225 m
KINEMATICS-2D
a a
A 0.3 0.2 B
Rest
4m
This displacement SA negligible with respect to chamber length so for B ball
1 2
S B = 4BT + at
2
1
 4 = 0.2T + (2) T2
2
 t  2 sec.

Kinematics Sol

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Kinematics Sol

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Kinematics Sol

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

KINEMATICS-1D

11. The numerical ratio of displacement to the distance covered is always :-

13. Select the incorrect statements from the following.

1. If x denotes displacement in time t and x = acost, then acceleration is :

6. The motion of a particle described by the equation x = a + bt2 where a = 15 cm and b = 3

7. If for a particle position x t 2 then:-

8. The displacement of a particle is represented by the following equation: s = 3t3 + 7t2 + 5t + 8

10. Acceleration of the particle at t = 1s

11. Time at which acceleration is zero -

1. The relation t x 3 describes the position of a particle where x is in meters and t is in

3. Which of the following relations representing displacement x of a particle describes motion

4. Equation of a particle moving along the x axis is x = u(t – 2) + a(t – 2)2

7. A particle moves in a straight line so that t = x 2 1 then a is equal to -

10. Position of particle is given by -

11. Particle comes at x = 0 at -

4. An object may have–

5. If the velocity of a body is constant -

8. The position of particle travelling along x-axis is given by xt = t3 – 9t2 + 6t where xt is in cm

Passage for Ques. 9 to 11

11. Average acceleration from t = 0 sec to t = 8 sec is-

1. The velocity of a particle is zero at t = 0, then -

3. Pick the correct statements –

4. The displacement (x) of a particle depends on time (t) as :

5. The motion of a particle moving along the y-axis is represented as y = 3 (t – 2) + 5 (t – 2)2.

Passage for Ques. 6 to 8

7. Velocity of particle at t = 2 sec is –

2. Figure shows position-time graph of two cars A and B.

(A) 25 m (B) 30 m (C*) 55 m (D) 60 m

(A) (B*) (C) (D)

8. The average velocity during the first 20 seconds is

(A*) (B) (C) (D)

Passage For Ques. 9 to 11

11. The time after which balls will meet in air is –

h –(80+h) = 30t – 50t  80 = 20 t t = 4 sec

13. Velocity with which it will fall to the point of projection is –

14. Time taken to reach the maximum height is

4. Which of the following four statements is false?

13. Time taken by particle to reach at maximum height-

14. Total distance travelled by particle before reach at ground surface-

Sol. Fnet  2iˆ  3kˆ  6jˆ 3N

a  asin ˆi  a cos ˆj

(B) x (Q) a  a cos ˆi  asin ˆj

a  asinˆi – a cos ˆj

Sol. (A)  x (S) a = a cos iˆ – a sin  ˆj

(C)  x (Q) a  –a cos ˆi  a sin  ˆj

7. Figure shows a cuboid of edge length a, b, c respectively. Write coordinates of points B, C, D,

Sol. B = (a, o, o) C = (a, o, c) D = (o,o, c) E = (a, b, c)

speed = 10m/s velocity = ?

= 4iˆ  2jˆ  ˆi  2jˆ

12. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

13. The position vector of a point is (2iˆ 2 ˆj) m

4. Figure shows a cube of edge length .

(B) Projection of AF on DG  AF cos = AF . (DG)

3 cos   ( ˆi  ajˆ ak)·(

AE cos = AE · AG  2 cos  = (ajˆ + 2k)

a = 2jˆ b = 4iˆ + 4jˆ = – 4 ĵ +

(b) a – b = 2iˆ + (–2iˆ + 2 3j)

6. ˆ & (2iˆ  2jˆ  2k)