ABc CBD+ CDE) + AC

Simpidy
ABcBD+ CDE)+ Aa
PFply Di3t9tbuhive Law
ABBCD+ABCDE tAT

+AC
O A BC DE
A(BcDE+E) +adoning A out

ACEDE A+Ac Ate

foRHS DE BooLEAN_EXPRESSONS
STANDARD hem fosm
0gaholles
H Boolaon erphaionsether wo Stonolard foTmS
nto
Convetedl
Can be
8um- of-Product
ProolucH-of-Sums For
Smpliseaton
evaluuoson,
20on makes the mor
Sncodr mueh
erphogsions
Boeloan
ond Smplementa bron
Sqsremabe ond easse

3
SUN- of -
Products op)for
When wo or move Prpduct terms ove Summd by
Boolean addsbon, the resultng expes9100 18 a Sum-ef -prduck
(Sop)
HB+BC ABC+ CDE + BcD A +ABC

Sop ephO9Ston, a Smale ovenban annot exknd

ove mone hon bne variable howeve mone than one
Voryabla m a erm Car have on Ovebas.

0an have the tem ABC but not

SOP epres8ron

PBC
* Dowoun he erphesion AB ABc he Set

Voouablas A, B,c
 2

mplementrebon a SOP Ephossfon

* An Sop exphassron bn be implemente by bg
irn which He outpuB f a i numbes
Anp- oR logte In the expeB/On
ProoucE tonms
Ra to the nunben e#
bmect to output x of he OR 9ote ajalsk
of AND gates
he SoP epressfon,
AB

A8 + CD

Conves ion aGeneal erphessron to SOP torm

Pnyogre epraaston
Con be Sop
Change nto Sop
Boolasn algebra technrgue s
tovm
by aplyrg
ACB+CD) Con be onvesrea to
applymg distububelau
AB+ACB y

EXL AB+ B CCDEF)

+ BEf.
Sop Fom S A B + B CD
t 8 )(t8)B+c +D)
+ BD
tAD +B +Be
A B + AC
Sop
E A+B)+C
Demongans a u
(ATD) TT
(ATB)C A
By DIskrububve. Lay
AC BC
 Boolaan algebra ano
osc Smputkcaron
Additional Book No. :

MID SEMESTER TEST I/II

Signature of the Hall Superintendent Register Number

The Shnola»d SP form whrch au

the
n
b one
exphesron term i
Ston obrcd SoP in o i h ,
phwoluct
domatn apeas
nhe
Vanuablos
Stondarol Sop
he epDLIOn a

ABCD+ BCD + ABTD

Can be bnvestad
ephoson e rphoron
epha
n o n S t o n d a n d
Sop
SoP
Boolaan lgebro
Any
o Stundord
form usng
Sop
Tems to Skandare
Procuc prooluet tenm ya
tenm a
Convenang nonstondard
proolueE
a
Mulbpy
Mulbpy
each t Sum ge
At+ =)
made up ef
t e n m l 24- bmplement
varab ta ano t s
mrss
m2 pioduct tems
u n l au hzulbng
Repeat above Step domasn
eho
i he
Contun 'au
vasob les form.
untmplemened

Complomenked
0
Boolaan into
epaoson into
Boolaon eproson
he following
Convent
E Shandaac Sop fbm
ABC+9B* HB D
+ABTD
ABCcta)DtB)

ABc(D+D) + D+D)
+AB D
+ABCtABE
AsT5
A BED+
+ABcD
+
ABCD ABCD
ABCD +
ABcDt ABCD
ABCD+

Standlard Poduot Tes

Representasos
bina Vane
y 1OlO
Prooluc tea A BCE
has bmaoy
tto
tto Prooduah
procus
Do mbrratron
,B:O,
C= 1, 0,
ton s Connbrvaon, it
oha
beCo wes on to
 An Sop e-phesson eaual to i ony oe
An
r mohe ef he pawoluat tems Pn the epgsron
R9pal to 1
EA Detemsne the bmary Values toh whreh he
he
Tollowing Skonolad Sop ezphossron eaual to 1;

ABcD + ABCD+ABCD

Valua P A BeD A ),B -, C>1, D=

Bmou ABED lool
ABTD 0o0 0
he Sop ezphassron uals I when ary oh au e

Hhe PAoduct e n s 7S

Pouct-of-Sums_(Pos) -form
mone Sum tesms ane mulbsplrea e
When wo or
roxultng ezpro s9ron O Phooluct-of-Sums Pos)

(+B) (A+ ¢)

a Simge-
P A PoS ezphosron bn ontarn
Varoblo tem 0s in ALAtB + C)C+tD)

In o POS eph0L8ron a Sng le oveban hnnot

moha than one vasroba howeve
enkend Dven
kehm bn have an Ovekan,
mohe han one vansable Pn a

Pos eproston n have the keam A++a

but no +BtC
mplarm ortoubon p o s ephesron by dogse in
D.hsch the outpus p a. rumberaaual to the humbes
OSun tosms Pn the aphosron) OR gades Cbnnec to
the mpus a n AND gade
BrctD
C
D
AD
 hStanda Pas for whrah
one i
9 ondanol PoS ephassron aPpas ih
oeh Sum
au #he vasUablas m he domasn
+enm én he exphession
Erc+D)CA+B+E+ D)
( + B r + 5 ) C A+
oloes noE
ezphassron
that Oloes no
nonstanolard Pos bnvetel o
he
+ Bry vorablos sa Can be
au he
Contaun
Stondanol form Usmg
Booloan olgebra

oNon-StanalauPos to Stanclosd Pas

Convensron
tem
nen nongtadard pocduch tem a
) Add the mr23mg vauable
phoolueb
mode up h e
ment
&nd rs ompla
wo Sum tems
7hrs h0suls
+BC - +B) CA+)
he hule 12, A
2)App Sum kenms
unl u esulbg
3)
3) Kepea Step oloman
én erhas Complananky
o
varablos *he
0
Contarn
unComplamenkd t o m

mto
ezphes8r0n
Boolea
Cone
Stundanc
onvethetoloomg

Pos f o r
+D)LA +B +T+D)
A Ete) CBrc So acol_
DE and
D mssrg,
fins tem,
Tale
rule A+Bc =(A+8CA+); CA+B+c+5)
opP
apply
BC +D5 AtEc
+D
A+EtCA+

Take Seconodem; tC+D)

BtC+D +AA
A+B+c +5) ( A+
BtCt5
enm, no mrsing Values So, we ave
Thind dPos
To S t o n d a n d p4o
Cowered

|ATBtC+5) (A+B+c+5)
A+tC +D)CAHBtc +5)
 b
StordadSum ero
Bnay Kephesentabm _ a
AStanoand Sum
henm Caual to 0 don Only one

Combmabon voJuabla valuas

A+B+CtD 0, when
Tha Sum devm
A-0, B-1, C» 0 D:l
i Olo
AB4c+5 , bmay valuc
Auul to ohe o% mora a
+A PuS eaprog&ion
to b
yphaszion b laod
h e Sum ems
fn he

h e Vauabls
E Detenmina ofna he bmay valus g
à
tor whrth he followirg Stardard Pos ephak io n

Sayad to'o"
A+B+C+D)CA+6 D) (5+5+2D)

binay Vakua
o DDo
A-BCHD,

Fon Sum Hem, Olo

A4Bt C4 D, bmauy valuo 1s

A+B+C+D,

whan ary he thhe

uals o
The Po0s ephassron
o
Sun ms Qnpals

Lonwenting Standbad Sop to Standabd Pos

teums in a give
Producb
Voues op he, n the a p v a l a n t
The brnany PAsen
Qod n o
ezphogston
Strundlahd Sop
ondard Pos ophaSSron

ae not hophoan ks
yaluos a t
#he biasy 2aulvalent
H)so, phosent
in h e
ase
Hhe Sop enph8ion
Pos ephas1on
 Boolaan alg ebra
ond o c Sinpluktao
Additional Book No.

MID SEMESTER TEST I/I

Register Number
Superintendent
Signature of the Hall

oStoncasd Pas
Stanodaro Sop
Converbnmg tm in he Sopp
ach paooluc the b i n y n um
rumb
binay
he
Supl- E valuata Sdete9mine

That
aphassion. tesnms.

the Produck 3nclud

that hopsasent numbent

nof
he biray
Detehmine olop
Bop2 evalaton
in StepP nh brna
in the term fa
Sum brm
tôrm.

eauvalant Pos
Wute the rn

a d ezprass SDP
orm PO5 t
2t humbe fom Step
2

n 90
You
Phocadune
an
_ S m i l a

to
e z p h 0 « r o n

50pP
folowing
Convont the
eaphossrop +AB
fauvalant
Pos +ABC

BT +A B C
ABC

Soutron value 15
Say Eouvalent
orna 101 +11
olot+
DI + passibla.
p assibl
o
So
0 00
V
voou
uurr
a abbl
laes
s

Qe
3 ane
there ouw
Smca
Smco 8, So,ept 7hese make u
Slepar ahe
C o m b i n a h o n
tenm o ")
Sum
O01, o0, 110

Sopr-EguNalentPoseaphesion 19
1S eph0381on

(A+B+T)
(AtBFc)(h+B+)

enphosions a
as
eaphossions
he
#he lowing
folouing
dfo
olenby Rseh
Idenbdy b7 3tanodlard
3 t a r c l a r d PoS
Po0S
Or
StandasdSop, Pos
SOP,
+ ACD
AB 4 ABD
o) CA+B+)
Sto1d

) (A B+c)
BC+ABC
ACA+7) CAtR) Pos
 AcD i to
ABD+
AB+
Convet SOP
SoP
tarcland om ae C& D, So
gsing tems
In Ts+tem ABa
A BC +
AB CC +t ) =
ABCD +ABCD+
TC D+D)
=
+ AB
ABcCD+D) ABTDt ABTD /

In +e»m, migEing tepm C, So

ABCD + ABTD
BDCC +T) =

i B, So
In te>m, mising tem

teams, we have Jtarolard

hepeahed
So, by omittng
SOp ABCD + AB D+|
BT5+
AB D+
ABC D +
ABC D+
Be ABCD

Conveu pos ezphegsion ACAtECA+B )

Stunolad foTm
c ae mrssing So
I n I dem, B
(A+ BE) (fAt B)CA B)
P BtC)CAt Bt E) CA+ BIc.)Cen B+ T)
Ladolung ë oorhtem
In tem, B ib mgsng, s

64 ) = AB+T)CA+BtE)
In temC m193rn9, So
(ATB CT) (1B4C) CAA B C)
Stondar.od Pos by Onwh9 Smg
eoms ue
ka
S0,
BHC)
(A Btc)(BB+T) Cn+BtC) (A1
 19
Fosmat
Convebrg Sop ephosions to Tuuth table
the tandard Sop
Derelop a u t h table on
eaphogsron AEC + ABC t ABC
Tuth table
Output Pvduct Tem
A B C

C O
ASC

O O
ABC

ABC

Enphossions to Truth table. tormat

Lonvebrn9 PO
he thuth
taba fos he dollowing
Detenmune
Starcard POS ezpression;

E+7)C t B +) C+B +
)
++) CA+B +c) CA
Lnputs
Ovtput Swn Te
AB C X
ABtC

1
At+ C

A +B+cc

AE+c
 Deteminig Stundand Eaphession om a thuthBake
7 0 detemine he Starolarol 30P ezphesion hoplue
thuth tble, list he bina Values he P

Nauables whch the dulput 1

PoS erphesston eplakon
/o debemine the Stanola
Otouth tabla, s t the binauy
values e he ip
y
Vauiablas wh which olp o

iven
I/ps
X
A B C
O

ezpkson foi ho
Stanoard
s0p
The h0sultng
t AB e
olp X ABC +
ABT

ABC do 7he
Pzphesion
Standancd
Pos
The esulbng
CA+8tz) /
Output CAIE+c)
B+CtAtBt
)
At
 Boolean ogebra ard
ogc SpuporDn
Additional Book No.

MID SEMESTER TEST 1/II

-

Register Number
Signature of the Hall Superintendent

The KARNAUGA MAP methood

a Sustemate
phDvrdeg
The Kanaugh map
properly usad
ephaastons and P
Simplstying Boolean pas ezphosIon
pORíbla
for Sop or

wL proluco the Smplest eaphasion

minimum

as he
Known betause
t u t h kable
Similas. to a
A Rahhough map valuas
nputvasabls
nput vassables&
valuas
bhe posgtble
phesents au neh valud.
Outpu doh
Orcd the Pasulbrg ah
an 2nay Cells n uhrch
A Kahnaugh nap vas/ables.
value
the Pnput
a bíny
Ce epsosents
dot epha3arons
wh two
an be useo
Kaonaugh maps Vauable8.
and ve tor tighen
town useol
the Can be
method
Mcclusy
uune-
Vauabls

num bens KaMhagh map i

a
Ceus n vauable
hurobes
The tnpu
okoul no e Pos bla. In the E h u t h table.
to the how9
tgua he
numbe

as 1S tous
Combiabons numben
hho
Vanuoblos

Colls
vaiablos the numbes
FoT on

Vaiable. KMAP
Kasnaugh Map
The3-Vauable
O
AB
00
 22

C Adadony
The Cel in a Kahnaugh map a e QAiarq ec So

that thee rg ony a Singlo vasuable hanqe blw

OdiaCont QUs vosulable ahe
a ne
one
Cells hat oher by only
Qoljaant
In he 3 -vauable mop, F h e 0 l 0 is odjocont
E Coll a yroy
Cimmdakly
in
th o/1_cell ard uo ell
UO
t wooll, to o01, 111,
00l,
Bu O10 Call
not cojadent.
Coll, aue asfon)
ol ov L Cno doeoval
Clunodes
Ct do
ahound ooaconu to h e
hap J
a e adfacont
how
Colls in the kop hoo
Tne Colls in the
botom
Column
ano. Qdjaant to
Conespondurg
the oute AesE Columo.
The cos in
the oulen
ughE
els o
he ConAasponding

ephBASIOns
Simplifcabon o SOp
K aunaugh Map
bntaunimg
an ezph0ion
Minimi2atnon

hes ults
in
P vCo38 hat posible
The wIh h e feuest
tenb
ble
poser
the
#he eLwes
mini mí2atro.
m n i m 2 . o t r p D

Caleol a minsmLm

Vaouables obtaunirg
eps
in he protoss
Thoe
phosson

SoP the '9

O Gouping pduc tesm fea Cach
houp
Detemining the kenms.
Pruduck
the Tesulbng
Summing

yoouprng the
mamize the St2e the toups9
i to
he oal
Orol minimi2e he number. goups lb cells
8 ov

n Coup Contnin erlhes 1, 2, 4,

mut
butsh 0oe cull Powens of tuwo &lss tu
map 8
I nIn Case o a 3 vauab&
m oUmuun ou
Eoch on the map muwt be Includad dn attatt Ore houp.

OVenlopping toups Incudo. on-Common s

the lawgesb Posibla nunber do a
lunys Induole
houp
 23
he allu that
roupng
tonm Pluduc team
ave untomple.mernled
aro
both
Vasuables Hat OCCw
n e eb1rated
.
Thale
uthin the 9houp
Complomenkd

One Contaaskrctory vasuabls

ohghou
Debeamime he Hmimum Prooku team
toh a 3 Vanable Hap;
a) 3-vauable Phoduct tem
a
1- Ceghoup ields
-V@rabla PrDeuet tesm
2 - C 9 houp yrelds
o

AH-CeL 8houp yrelds

a l-vavable kerm
a
vaue fo4 t ezpregs ton
- 8 call 9up relols
b) Foha -vaable Hap:
a-vasuabe phvoluct tesm
A1 C 8foup yrelds
a 3-vasuoba phooluet tenm
-Lol houp relds -VUable 1
a
P A o houp
yrelos
- Vansable te»m
An 8&ceu goup I do #he ezpuen.
a value
A 6b- ou g0up yrelds
Poduct tenms
5umSumnmg the hesulkg tenms ane deued
mmimun phwoucE
o l the Summeol to tonm the
When ana
kannauph mop, they
nom he
minimum Sop eaphosson

KHAP EKAMPLES
tems su the
Determine the Pho-uc
dgwe
d9ue whst
Wst
map
follong
dollowing
Karnaph
mintmum Sop e z p i o ë i o n
he hesulbng
O)1
AD
00

10

+ ATD
Sop B t Ac
 Ex2 Wse a Kahrnaugh Hop o mnimi2 the

Follouowig Stardad Sop ezphro

t o 3-vauable. Xasnaugh Hap

exphasIon
Minimuun Sop
Kesung

B+ c
minímí22
Fhe
map bo
KOSunaugh
E usea 4
SoP ezphoserorn OolO
olloon AEcE
DB CD AB cD
B CD +ABCD
BCD ABcD
PBCD
+ ABcD t to
expanodod
must be
The thst
tenm
Saondarol SoP
Sop
ABCDAET5
to ge

KMAP h vourablo)

AB

ywhan- n ur oAiptgile

Rex uhna mnimum Sop ephoksron

Bc +D
 Bop laan Qlgebsa and
oac
Jan.201
Sip
Additlonal Book No. cahon
MID
SEMESTER TEST I/II
Signature of the Hall
Superintendent
Rogister Number
Mappng Dihecty om a Tuh able
The's in the bupub Column he thuh
Eable Ona mappad olu hecty oni o
Kanauph map mto t
Cels ohasponda ng t he values the usoCsated
Inpu Vauable Corobinohons

X BC FABC +ABC+ABC

lps Dupul Kounauph Map

C
o

Don't Con Corosrons

lbrobsnautDns ane
vOuabla
Fn pu
Somekmes Some
not ollowed Combinatrons aha i

n BCD, Si invculeol
E,
"dlont lane
asdLont lane
tesun
te9uns
tAtakd
Can be on te Output
These
t he eect
sth opect etheu
'
don't Cane tenms
fon hese
+ Thot olp
the
may be asgrgna0 to
a o O Raurauph map
t

t 9houprng ' s to malu

male
when as
a s 13, to
1S,
Can be ws
wed

XS Codont s) OthoLwrse
as
as os
os
8oupmg
a louge
 2%

dunt Cae ondsrons

EXanple. fos
o/P
X
C D

O0 1 0)

O1 o
DX
Withou olonh ones
ABC t ABCD

o01
Wotholon Cas
X
Y A + BCD
X

Kannauph P P o S Hinimi2atroL
ephngs1on taondard dovm, Qa
FohFoh a POs Sum
map toCaeh
piacc ln(acl onhe Kaunauph
Lemo the eaphos/on
ABC,a
he Su tesm
On a 3Vauabe map
he Ol0 Co
oqoes
 Srmpugscaron
Pas Ezpessrons
Kasnauph
asnauph Map
ap minsmum Sum lmg
to Phyduce
ols
Goup to
mnsmr22 h2e

wse a Rasnauyh map

EXL
Stoundard Pas ezprassr
Follouing C+B+D
CA*B+a) (A++c)
(ABt)

10

Pos eaph0g&/on
ezphasene
So, Res ulting minimi20cd

ACB
yedoly a
Sop eypAO8
sop /On
epes/0D
1's
Not Gmoupg
Goupghe
+ AB ACB+C
Ac

Rahnaugh 'map to manims 2e

E2 se
the folloung Pasephusron
C9tB+C+5)[A+B7
c+D)
B+ D)
( 3 + c + D )CA+
+E tC+)
B
b n h e ecpardao
e eoepa
Btt
e +D
e D
fem aa. Stanlad
Standal
The hst Co 9et
lo gek
C+D
P AtBE
+BtC+D

n
0S ezpesion

000
00 ( D

C1D
O

B*C
So, osulhrWinimun pos ( B1D)(nBiOCc+D)|
 Sop Us
mg he kawagh Man
Conve-hra beueo Pos and
the that do not
Pos ephass ron ai
colus
toh a
, fhom wuch the Sop expu0EtOn
Gontain 0s Contoun
olived ipu
oh Söp ephose/on au he Cals
Raus9e, t
ha olo not Contarns Contarn o s om wrch
the poS expasron olosved.

a Rannaugh Map, lonvert he

following
E Usm Pos expctdn
into a minimum
taundlad pos ezphassion
ound o mnmum
Sop enpr@s ion

T+D)
A+B+ + D) CA+B+

Raanaph
At
A+D+C

11 o

DB
S0, Pnimun as 19
P+ B+T) CB+ci») (BCta
Kaorough Hap efe Sop Put a n hemauning

AB

AC

\So, Mnimum Cop Ae BC+ BD+ B D

 Booloan lgeho and lore Splsge
Jan. 2017

Additional Book No.:

MID SEMESTER TEST I/II

Register Number
Signature of the Hall Superintendent

HAPS
iVE VARIPBLE KARNAUGH
vasrables
(ABcPE) an be
map doh dive
A Ka-nauph -auable maps
uo
Constuched sing CorvbinatrDns
6 Colls wsth au
Each map Contaung
Vasablas B, C,
D and E rs ta A=)
the othe
0E
One map ton

Bc
DE o o 10
o

1o
A O

Ce djalan Cie_ on top

he A-0 map P A a d
m o g tne ho

9- mop to
map
map
is tes
odsalant
odja
he 9:o
Cel in
Eoch he A =) map.
below t in

tne Ceu ouhecty

map to minimi22

use Kannaugh enphessron

5-vahuab le
Stnrolanod Sop
+ FEaDE
folloung t A
BCDE+
BB *E

AECDE
5 +
X AB
ABcDE
ABeDE
DE t
A BC
DE 00 ol 10 oo D

ADE
0
10
A ACDE