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    Hypothesis Testing Sheet

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    yuezhou977
    This document provides a cheat sheet on hypothesis testing. It defines key terms like the null and alternative hypotheses. It outlines the steps to conducting significance testing, including defining the hypotheses, identifying the appropriate test, calculating test statistics, and determining whether to reject or retain the null hypothesis. Examples are provided for common tests like the chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA, and tests of proportions. A decision tree is included to help choose the right statistical test based on factors like the number of groups and whether the groups are related or independent. Contact information is given for getting additional help.

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    Hypothesis Testing Sheet

    Uploaded by

    yuezhou977
    23 views1 page
    This document provides a cheat sheet on hypothesis testing. It defines key terms like the null and alternative hypotheses. It outlines the steps to conducting significance testing, including defining the hypotheses, identifying the appropriate test, calculating test statistics, and determining whether to reject or retain the null hypothesis. Examples are provided for common tests like the chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA, and tests of proportions. A decision tree is included to help choose the right statistical test based on factors like the number of groups and whether the groups are related or independent. Contact information is given for getting additional help.

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    This document provides a cheat sheet on hypothesis testing. It defines key terms like the null and alternative hypotheses. It outlines the steps to conducting significance testing, including defining the hypotheses, identifying the appropriate test, calculating test statistics, and determining whether to reject or retain the null hypothesis. Examples are provided for common tests like the chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA, and tests of proportions. A decision tree is included to help choose the right statistical test based on factors like the number of groups and whether the groups are related or independent. Contact information is given for getting additional help.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views1 page

    Hypothesis Testing Sheet

    Uploaded by

    yuezhou977
    This document provides a cheat sheet on hypothesis testing. It defines key terms like the null and alternative hypotheses. It outlines the steps to conducting significance testing, including defining the hypotheses, identifying the appropriate test, calculating test statistics, and determining whether to reject or retain the null hypothesis. Examples are provided for common tests like the chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA, and tests of proportions. A decision tree is included to help choose the right statistical test based on factors like the number of groups and whether the groups are related or independent. Contact information is given for getting additional help.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    H Y P OGT HESIS TESTING CHEAT SHEET

    RADUATE R ESOURCE C ENTER , U NIVERSITY OF N EW M EXICO

    1 BACKGROUND 2 H YPOTHESIS T ESTING 4 E XAMPLES


    Definitions and Terms Steps to Significance Testing Chi Square test for independence:
    Null Hypothesis (H0 ): A statement of no change and is 0 assumed 1. Define H0 and Ha Checks whether two categorical variables are related or not
    true until evidence indicates otherwise 2. Identify test, α, find critical value, test statistics (independence)
    3. Construct acceptance/rejection regions E.g., Is the distribution of sex and voting behavior due to chance
    Alternate Hypothesis (Ha ): A statement that the researcher is 4. Calculate test statistics or is there a difference between sexes on voting behavior?
    trying to find evidence to support Critical value approach: Determine critical region
    p-value approach: Calculate p-value T-Test:
    Type I Error: Reject the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is 5. Retain or reject the hypothesis Looks at the difference between two groups
    true (e.g., undergrad/grad)
    E.g., Do undergrad and grad students differ in the amount
    Type II Error: Do not reject the null hypothesis when the al- 3 C HOOSING A S TATISTICAL T EST of hours they spend studying in a given month?
    ternative hypothesis is true Decision Tree
    ANOVA (Analysis of Variance):
    Test Statistics (t): A single number that summarizes the sam- Tests the significance of group differences between two or
    ple data used to conduct the test hypothesis How many more groups
    groups? Only determines that there is a difference between groups,
    Standard Error: How far sample statistics (e.g., mean) devia- but does not tell which is different
    tes from the actual population mean E.g., Do GRE scores differ for low-, middle, and
    One 2 or more
    high-income students?
    p-value: Probability of observing a test statistics
    One Sample Are the ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance):
    t-test groups Same as ANOVA, but adds control of one or more covariates
    Significance level (α): Probability of making Type I error connected? that my influence dependent variable
    One tailed test: Test statistics falls into one specified tail of its E.g., Do SAT scores differ for low-, middle-, and high-income
    sampling distribution Yes No students after controlling for single/dual parenting?

    Two tailed test: Test statistics can falling into either tail of its How many How many
    sampling distribution groups? groups? 5 P ROPORTIONS
    Normal curve: Acceptance/Rejection regions: Use when the respose is binary, eg. yes or no; Vote for candidate A
    Two tailed test Two tailed test or not vote for candidate A
    Two 3 or more Two 3 or more p̂ = N umber of successes(Y es or V ote f or candidate A) x
    =n
    Sample size

    p̂ − p0
    0.683 Paired t-test Repeated Independent One way Test statistics (one sample): z = p
    dmeasuresp samples ANOVA p0 (1 − p0 )/n
    t-test
    r
    ANOVA p̂0 (1 − p̂)
    0.954 Fail to reject H0 Standard error of proportion: SE =
    µ−2σ µ−σ µ µ+σ µ+2σ −t ∗ α/2 0 t ∗ α/2 n
    r
    p̂0 (1 − p̂)
    Margin of Error: M oE = z-value
    n
    N EED H ELP ? Decision Tree - by data structure z-value2 p̂0 (1 − p̂)
    Categorical Data: Use Chi Square Sample size: n =
    M oE 2
    Contact Us
    Graduate Resource Center Sample size (n):
    Mesa Vista Hall, Suite 1057 n < 30 and Population Variance is unknown - t-test
    Phone: 505-277-1407 n < 30 and Population Variance is known - z-test
    Email: [email protected] n > 30 - z-test or t-test
    Website: https://unmgrc.unm.edu/

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