NCERT Solutions Class 10 Maths Chapter 8 Exercise 8.

Q1. Express the trigonometric ratios sin A, sec A and tan A in terms of cot A.

Difficulty level: Medium

Reasoning:
cosec2 A = 1 + cot 2 A
sec2A = 1 + tan 2A

Solution:
Consider a ABC with B = 90

Using the Trigonometric Identity,

cosec2 A = 1 + cot 2 A
1 1
= (By taking reciprocal both the sides)
cosec A 1+cot 2A
2

1  1 
sin 2 A =  As = sin 2 A 
1 + cot 2 A 
2
cosec A 

Therefore,
1
sin A = 
1 + cot 2 A
For any sine value with respect to an angle in a triangle, sine value will never be
negative. Since, sine value will be negative for all angles greater than 180°.
1
Therefore, sin A =
1+cot 2 A
sin A
We know that, tan A=
cos A
cos A
However, Trigonometric Function, cot A=
Sin A
1
Therefore, Trigonometric Function, tan A=
cot A
2 2
Also, sec A = 1 + tan A ( Trigonometric Identity )
 1
=1+
cot 2 A
cot 2 A+1
=
cot 2 A
cot 2 A+1
secA =
cot A

Q2. Write all the other trigonometric ratios of A in terms of sec A.

Difficulty level: Medium

Reasoning:
sin 2 A + cos2 A = 1
cosec2 A = 1 + cot 2 A
sec2A = 1 + tan 2A

Solution:
We know that,
1
Trigonometric Function, cos A = Equation (1)
sec A
Also,

sin 2A + cos2A = 1 ( Trigonometric identity )

sin 2A = 1 − cos2A ( By transposing )

Using value of cos A from Equation (1) and simplifying further,

2
 1 
sin A = 1 −  
 secA 
sec2 A − 1
=
sec2 A
sec2 A − 1
= Equation (2)
sec A

tan 2A + 1 = sec2 A ( Trigonometric identity )

tan 2A = sec2A – 1 ( By transposing )

Trigonometric Function,
 tan A = sec2A − 1 ... Equation ( 3)
cosA
cot A =
sinA
1
=
sec A
( By substituting Equations (1) and ( 2 ) )
sec A − 1
2

sec A
1
=
sec 2 A − 1

1
cosecA=
sin A
=
secA
( By substituting Equation ( 2 ) and simplifying )
sec2 A − 1

Q3. Evaluate

sin 2 63 + sin 2 27

(i)
cos 2 17 + cos 2 73
(ii) sin25 cos65 + cos25 sin 65

Difficulty level: Medium

Reasoning:
sin 2 A + cos2 A = 1
sin(90 − θ) = cosθ
cos(90 − θ) = sin θ

Solution:
sin 2 63 + sin 2 27
(i)
cos 2 17 + cos 2 73
sin ( 90 − 27 )  + sin 2 27
2

=  
cos ( 90 − 73 )  + cos 2 73
2

 
cos 2 27 + sin 2 27
=
sin 2 73 + cos 2 73
( sin(90 
− θ) = cosθ & cos(90 − θ) = sin θ )

=
1
1
( By Identity sin A+cos A =1)
2 2

=1
(ii) sin 25 cos65 + cos25 sin 65
= sin 25 cos ( 90 − 25 )  + cos 25 sin ( 90 − 25 )
= sin 25.sin 25 + cos 25.cos 25  sin ( 90 − θ ) = cos θ & cos ( 90 − θ ) = sin θ 
= sin 2 25 + cos 2 25
=1 ( By Identity sin 2
A +cos 2A = 1)

Q4. Choose the correct option. Justify your choice.

( i ) 9 sec 2A − 9 tan 2A = _________

(A) 1
( B) 9
( C) 8
( D) 0
( ii ) (1 + tan θ + sec θ ) (1 + cot θ − cosec θ )
(A) 0
( B) 1
(C) 2
( D) − 1
( iii ) ( sec A + tan A ) (1 – sin A ) = _________
( A ) sec A
( B) sin A
( C ) cosec A
( D ) cos A
1+tan 2 A
( iv )
1 + cot 2 A
( A ) sec2A
( B) − 1
( C ) cot2A
( D ) tan2A
Difficulty level: Medium

Reasoning:
sin 2 A + cos2 A = 1
cosec2 A = 1 + cot 2 A
sec2A = 1 + tan 2A
Solution:
( i ) 9 sec2A − 9 tan 2A
= 9 (sec2 A − tan 2 A)
= 9  1 [By the identity, 1+ sec2 A = tan 2 A, Hence sec2 A − tan 2 A = 1]
=9

(ii ) (1 + tan θ + sec θ ) (1 + cot θ − cosec θ ) Equation (1)

We know that the trigonometric functions,

sin( x)
tan( x) =
cos( x)
cos( x) 1
cot( x) = =
sin( x) tan( x)

And
1
sec( x) =
cos( x)
1
cosec( x) =
sin( x)
By substituting the above function in Equation (1),
 sinθ 1  cosθ 1 
 1+ +  1+ − 
 cosθ cosθ  sinθ sinθ 
 cosθ+sinθ+1  sinθ+cosθ − 1 
=   ( By taking LCM and multiplying )
 cosθ  sinθ 
(sinθ+cosθ) 2 − (1)2
=
sinθ cosθ
( Using a -b =(a+b)(a-b) )
2 2

sin 2θ+cos 2θ+2sinθcosθ − 1

=
sinθcosθ
1+2sinθcosθ − 1
=
sinθcosθ
( Using identifysin 2θ + cos 2θ=1)

2sinθcosθ
= =2
sinθcosθ
Hence, option(C)iscorrect.
(iii ) (sec A + tan A ) (1 – sin A ) (1)
We know that the trigonometric functions,

sin( x)
tan( x) =
cos( x)
And
1
sec( x) =
cos( x)

By substituting the above function in Equation (1),

 1 sinA 
= +  (1 − sinA)
 cosA cosA 
 1+sinA 
=  (1 − sinA)
 cosA 
1 − sin 2 A
=
cosA
cos 2 A
= (Byidentifysin 2θ+cos 2θ=1,Hence1 − sin 2θ = cos 2θ)
cosA
= cos A
Hence, option (D)iscorrect.

1 + tan 2 A
(iv)
1 + cot 2 A

We know that the trigonometric functions,

sin( x)
tan( x) =
cos( x)
cos( x)
cot( x) =
sin( x)
1
=
tan( x)
By substituting the above function in Equation (1),
 sin 2 A
1+
1+tan 2 A cos 2 A
=
1+cot 2 A cos 2 A
1+ 2
sin A
cos 2 A + sin 2 A
= cos 2 A
sin 2 A + cos 2 A
sin 2 A
1
2
= cos A
1
sin 2 A
sin 2 A
=
cos 2 A
=tan 2 A
Hence, option (D)is correct.

Q5. Prove the following identities, where the angles involved are acute angles
for which the expressions are defined.
1 − cosθ
(i) (cosecθ − cot θ) 2 =
1+cosθ
cos A 1+sin A
(ii) + =2secA
1+sin A cos A
tan θ cot θ
(iii) + =1+secθcosecθ
1 − cot θ 1 − tan θ
1+sec A sin 2 A
(iv) =
sec A 1 − cos A
cos A − sin A+1
(v) =cosec A +cotA
cos A+sin A+1
1+sinA
(vi) =sec A + tan A
1-sinA
sin θ − 2sin 3θ
(vii) = tan θ
2cosθ − cosθ
(viii) (sinA +cosec A) 2 +(cos A +sec A) 2 = 7+tan 2A +cot 2 A
1
(ix) (cosecA − sinA)(secA − cosA) =
tan A+cot A
 1 + tan 2 A   1 − tan A 
2

=  = tan A
2
(x) 
 1 + cot A   1 − cot A 
2
Difficulty level: Medium

Reasoning:
sin 2 A + cos2 A = 1
cosec2 A = 1 + cot 2 A
sec2A = 1 + tan 2A

Solution:
1 − cosθ
(i) (cosecθ − cot θ) 2 =
1 + cosθ
L.H.S=(cosecθ − cot θ)2 (1)

We know that the trigonometric functions,

cos( x) 1
cot ( x) = =
sin ( x) tan ( x)
1
cosec( x) =
sin ( x)
By substituting the above function in Equation (1)

2
 1 cosθ 
(cosecθ − cot θ) = 
2
− 
 sinθ sin θ 
(1 − cosθ) 2
=
(sin θ) 2
(1 − cosθ) 2
=
sin 2 θ
(1 − cosθ) 2
=
1 − cos θ
2 ( By Identity sin 2 A +cos 2 A = 1Hence, 1− cos 2 A =sin 2 A )

(1 − cosθ) 2
=  Using a 2 − b 2 = ( a + b )( a − b ) 
(1 − cosθ)(1+cosθ)
1 − cosθ
=
1+cosθ
= RHS
 cosA 1+sinA
(ii) + = 2secA
1+sinA cosA

cosA 1+sinA
L.H.S= +
1+sinA cosA
cos 2 A+(1+sinA) 2
=
(1+sinA)(cosA)
cos 2 A+1+sin 2 A+2sinA
=
(1+sinA)(cosA)
sin 2 A+cos 2 A+1+2sinA
=
(1+sinA)(cosA)

=
1+1+2sinA
(1+sinA)(cosA)
( By identify sin 2 A +cos 2A=1)

2+2sinA
=
(1+sinA)(cosA)
2(1+sinA)
=
(1+sinA)(cosA)
2
=
cosA
=2secA
=R.H.S

tan θ cot θ
(iii) + =1+ secθ cosecθ
1 − cot θ 1 − tan θ

tan θ cot θ
LHS = + (1)
1 − co t θ 1 − tan θ

We know that the trigonometric functions,

sin( x)
tan ( x) =
cos( x)
cos( x) 1
cot ( x) = =
sin( x) tan( x)
By substituting the above relations in Equation (1),
 sin θ cosθ
= cosθ + sin θ
cosθ cosθ
1− 1−
sinθ sinθ
sinθ cosθ
= cosθ + sinθ
sin θ − cosθ cosθ − sin θ
sin θ cosθ
sin θ
2
cos 2 θ
= +
cosθ(sinθ − cosθ) sin θ(sinθ − cosθ)
1  sin 2θ cos 2θ 
−
(sinθ − cosθ)  cosθ sinθ 
=

1  sin 3θ − cos3θ 
(sinθ − cosθ)  sin θcosθ 
=

Using a 3 − b3 = (a − b) ( a 2 + ab + b 2 )

1  (sin θ − cosθ) ( sin 2θ +cos 2θ + sin θ cosθ ) 

=  
(sin θ − cosθ)  sinθcosθ 

(1+sin θ cosθ)
= (By Identity sin 2A +cos 2A =1)
(sin θcosθ)
1 sin θ cosθ
= +
sin θcosθ sin θ cosθ
=1+secθ cosecθ
=R.H.S.

1+secA sin 2A
(iv) =
secA 1 − cos A

1+secA
L.H.S= (1)
secA

We know that the trigonometric functions,

1
sec( x) =
cos( x)
By substituting the above function in Equation (1),
 1
1+
1+sec A
= cosA
sec A 1
cosA
cosA+1
= cosA
1
cosA
cosA+1 cosA
= 
cosA 1
= (1+cosA)

By multiplying (1 − cos A ) , in both denominator and numerator

(1 − cos A)(1+cos A)

(1 − cos A)
1 − cos 2 A
=
1 − cosA
sin 2 A
=  By Identity sin 2A +cos 2A =1
1 − cosA
=R. H.S

cos A − sin A+1

(v) = cosecA +cotA
cosA +sinA − 1

cos A − sin A + 1
L.H.S =
cos A + sin A − 1

Diving both numerator and denominator by sin A

cos A sin A 1
− +
sin A sin A sinA

cos A sin A 1
+ −
sin A sin A sin A

We know that the trigonometric functions,

 cos( x) 1
cot ( x) = =
sin ( x) tan ( x)
1
cosec( x) =
sin ( x)
Weget
cot A − 1 + cosec A

cot A + 1 − cosec A
cot A − (1 − cosec A )

cot A + (1 − cosec A )

We know that, 1 + cot 2 A = Cosec 2A

Hence multiplying [cot A – (1 – cosec A)] in numerator and denominator


(cot A) − (1 − cosec A)(cot A) − (1 − cosec A)
(cot A) +(1 − cosec A)(cot A) − (1 − cosec A)
cot A − (1 − cosec A ) 
2

=
(cot A) 2 − (1 − cosecA) 2
cot 2 A + (1 − cosecA ) − 2cot A (1 − cosecA )
2

=
cot 2 A − (1+cosec 2 A − 2cosec A )
cot 2 A +1+cosec 2 A − 2cosec A − 2cot A + 2cot A cosecA
=
cot 2 A − (1+cosec 2 A − 2cosec A )
2cosec2 A + 2cot A cosecA − 2cot A − 2cosecA
=
cot 2 A − 1− cosec2 A + 2cosecA
2cosec A (cosec A +cot A) − 2(cot A+cosec A)
=
cot 2 A − cosec2 A − 1+ 2cosec A
(cosec A +cotA)(2cosecA − 2)
=
−1 − 1+ 2cosec A
(cosecA +cotA)(2cosecA − 2)
=
(2 cosec A − 2)
= cosec A + cot A
= R.H.S
 1+sin A
(vi) =sec A + tanA
1 − sin A

1+sin A
LHS= (1)
1 − sin A

Multiplying and dividing by (1+sin A )

(1+sin A)(1+sin A)

(1 − sin A)(1+sin A)
(1+sin A) 2
=  a 2 − b 2 = ( a – b )( a + b ) , 
(1 − sin 2 A)
(1+sinA)
=
1 − sin 2 A
1+sin A
=
cos 2 A
1+sin A
=
cos A
1 sin A
= +
cos A cos A
= sec A + tan A
=R.H.S

sin θ − 2sin 3 θ
( vii ) = tan θ
2cosθ − cosθ
sin θ − 2sin 3θ
L.H.S=
2cos3θ − cosθ
Taking Sin θ and Cos θ common in both numerator and denominator respectively.

sin θ (1 − 2sin 2 θ )

cosθ ( 2cos 2 θ − 1)
By Identity sin 2 A + cos 2 A = 1 hence, cos 2 A = 1 – sin 2A and substituting this in the
above equation,
 sin θ (1 − 2sin 2θ )


cosθ 2 (1 − sin 2θ ) − 1 
sin θ (1 − 2sin 2θ )
=
cosθ ( 2 − 2sin 2θ − 1)
sin θ (1 − 2sin 2θ )
=
cosθ (1 − 2sin 2θ )
sin θ
=
cosθ
= tan θ
=RHS

( viii ) (sin A+cosec A) 2 +(cos A +sec A) 2 = 7 + tan 2A +cot 2 A

L.H.S=(sin A+cosecA)2 + (cosA+secA)2

By using ( a + b ) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
2

 sin 2A+cosec2A+2sin A cosecA+cos 2A+sec 2A+2cosA secA

1 1
By rearranging and using sec A = and cosec A =
cos A sin A
 1   1 
 ( sin 2 A +cos 2 A ) + ( cosec 2A +sec 2A ) + 2sin A   + 2cos A  
 sin A   cos A 

( ) ( )
Hence sin 2 A +cos 2 A =1, cosec2 A = 1+cot 2 A and sec2A − tan 2A =1 ( )
 1+1 + cot 2 A + 1 + tan 2 A + 2 + 2
= 7 + tan 2 A + cot 2 A
= R.H.S

1
(ix) (cosec A − sin A)(sec A − cos A) =
tan A + cot A

L.H.S = (cosecA − sin A)(secA − cos A) (1)

We know that the trigonometric functions,

1
sec( x) =
cos( x)
1
cosec( x) =
sin ( x)

By substituting the above relations in Equation (1)

 1  1 
 − sin A  − cos A 
 sin A   cosA 
 1 − sin 2 A  1 − cos 2A 
=  
 sin A  cos A 
cos 2 A sin 2 A
=
sin A cos A
sin A cos A
=
1
= 2
sin A cos A  ( sin 2 A +cos 2A ) =1
sin A+cos A 2  
1
=  Dividing numerator and denominator by ( sin A cos A )
sin A+cos 2A
2

sin A cos A
1
= 2
sin A cos 2A
+
sin A cos A sin A cos A
1
=
sin A cos A
+
cos A sin A
1
=
tan A + cot A
= RHS
  1 + tan 2 A   1 − tan A 
2

=  = tan A
2
(x) 
 1 + cot A   1 − cot A 
2

 1+tan 2 A 
Taking LHS,  2 
 1+cot A 
sec2 A
=
cosec2 A
1
2
= cos A
1
sin 2 A
1 sin 2 A
= ×
cos 2 A 1
= tan 2 A
=RHS

 1 − tan A 
2

Taking,  
 1 − cot A 
2
 
 1 − tanA 
=
1 
1− 
 tanA 
2
 
 1 − tanA 
=
tanA − 1 
 
 tan A 
2
 tanA 
=  (1 − tanA )  
 tanA − 1 
= ( − tanA) 2
= tan 2 A
=RHS

Hence, L.H.S = R.H.S.