Finals Module

AR 4151/D
Building Technology 5
Alternative Building
Construction Systems
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE
MODULE 3
Advanced Construction and
Building Technology
OVERVIEW
This module aims to discover technological advances and trends in modern high-rise
building construction. It is planned to develop student’s research skills as a way of
advancing knowledge and translating this new information into design projects. This
module not only aims to gain comprehensive knowledge of emerging construction
methods, but to create documentation with a highly communicational value to
practitioners and students alike.
TOPIC LEARNING
OUTCOMES
In this module,
you will learn to:
1) Develop
research skills
that can
advance the
design thinking
in studio through
an awareness of contemporary materials, construction methods and systems;
2) Advance the ability for research and its translation into relevant information;
CONTENT
1) Technological Advances & Trends in Modern Hi-Rise Buildings
2) Construction Technology to Watch in 2021
KEYWORDS & CONCEPTS

(Define & Illustrate in your notebooks these terms)
• Bioclimatic • Curved surfaces of a • Curved surfaces of a
Skyscrapers constant generatix varying generatix
• Ruled surfaces • Extruder skyscraper
Page 2 of 17
This is the property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or
posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise of any
part of this document, without prior written permission of SLU is strictly prohibited. [MCPSORIANO-AR4151/D-AY 2021-2022]
• Rotor skyscraper • Tube structural • Very high-strength
• Twister skyscraper system concrete
• Tordos skyscraper • Diagrid system • Self-consolidating
• Rigid frame structural • Dissipation dampers concrete
system • Hysteretic dampers • Moving formworks
• Shear frame • Viscous dampers • Thermo-Mechanical
structural system • Steel damper Conctrol Process
• Flat plate • Steel joint damper • DP steel
• Mega column • Viscoelastic damper • TRIP steel
structural system • Lead damper • Nanotechnology
• Core structural • Friction damper • Solar architecture of
system • Tuned mass damper buildings
• Mega core structural • Tuned liquid damper • Ventilated double
system • Active mass damper skin facades
• Outriggered frame • Active variable • Active wall façade
structural system stiffness devices • Interactive wall
facade
READING REFERENCES
1) Szolomicki, J. & Golasz-Szolomicka, H. (2019) Technological Advances & Trends in
Modern Hi-Rise Buildings. Buildings 2019 (193). MPDI.
2) Bock, T. (2016). Advanced Construction and Building Technology for Society. In T.
Bock (Ed.), Proceedings of the CIB*IAARC W119 CIC 2016 Workshop. Chair for
Building Realization and Robotics.
3) Bock, T., Gerogoulas, C., & Linner, T. (2012). Advanced Construction and Building
Technology for Society. In T. Bock, C. Gerogoulas, & T. Linner (Ed.), Proceedings
of the CIB*IAARC W119 CIC 2012 Workshop. CIB Publication 367.
4) Sadana, Nishtha. (2021). (Materials and Construction) 10- Innovative construction
materials. (Rethinking Internet Media Pvt. Ltd.) Retrieved from Rethinking the
Future: https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/rtf-fresh-perspectives/a1072-10-
innovative-construction-materials-used-around-the-world/
5) BigRentz-Inc. (2021, March 22). Construction Technology to Watch in 2021.
Retrieved from BigRentz, Inc.: https://www.bigrentz.com/blog/construction-
technology
Module 3 – Unit 1: Technological Advances & Trends in Modern Hi-Rise

Buildings
This unit presents the technological evolutions in the field of high-rise buildings and the
materials that enable higher, faster and safer construction. Contemporary architecture
characterized by high-rise building construction adopts frameworks beyond codified
Page 3 of 17
assumptions to provide aesthetics based on complex engineering technologies. At the
end of this unit, you must develop research skills that can advance the design thinking in
studio through an awareness of contemporary materials, construction methods and
systems (TLO 9).
MODULE OUTLINE
(Szolomicki & Golasz-Szolomicka, 2019)
➢ Read the article (see attached file):

o “Technological Advances & Trends in Modern Hi-Rise Buildings”
o Authors: Jerzy Szolomicki, and Hanna Golasz-Szolomicka
➢ Prepare your notes or outline and sketches of the topics in this article;
➢ Highlight new terms, define and illustrate these terms;
➢ Conduct more research on the technologies and buildings mentioned in the
articles –document relevant construction details;
❖ NEW DESIGN TRENDS IN GEOMETRICAL FORMS

➢ Buildings: Bay Gate, Dubai; Swiss Re, London, Al Bidda Tower, Doha, Burj Al
Arab, Dubai, etc.
➢ Extruder
➢ Rotor
➢ Twister & Tordos
➢ Free Form
❖ INNOVATIONS IN STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

➢ Buildings: Capital Gate Tower, Abu Dhabi; Swiss Re, London; Hearst Tower
(New York; CCTV Headquarters, Beijing.
➢ Structural Systems
➢ Innovative Diagrid System
❖ ADVANCED VIBRATION DAMPING SYSTEMS

➢ Buildings: Kobe Fashion Plaza, Kobe; Asahi Beer Tower, Tokyo; Crystal Tower,
Osaka; OsakaWorld Trade Center, Osaka, etc.
➢ Passive Damping—Material Based Dissipation System
➢ Passive Damping–Additional Mass System
➢ Hybrid Damping
❖ USE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS

➢ Buildings: Petronas Twin Tower, Kuala Lumpur; Kingdom Center, Riyadh; etc.
➢ Concrete
➢ Steel
Page 4 of 17
➢ Smart Material and Nanotechnology
➢ Glass
❖ INNOVATIVE ENERGY SYSTEMS IN HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

➢ Buildings: Marina Bay Sands Hotel, Singapore
➢ Photothermal Methods
➢ Photoelectric Methods
➢ Passive Systems
❖ NEW TECHNOLOGIES OF FACADES

➢ Buildings: One Central Park, Sydney; Nanjing Tower, Nanjing; etc.
➢ Double skin facades
➢ Active facade systems
➢ Interactive wall façade
❖ EXAMPLES OF SELECTED HIGH-TECH HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

➢ (Overview/Lecture/GMeet)
➢ Burj Khalifa (Dubai, UAE)—The Highest Mega-Structure System
➢ Sky Tree Tower (Tokyo, Japan)—Advanced Damping System
➢ Capital Gate (Abu Dhabi, UAE)—Complex Geometrical Form and Advanced
Structural System
➢ One World Trade Center (New York, NY, USA)—The Most Safe Building
Structure
➢ Bahrain World Trade Center (Manama, Bahrain)—Advanced Sustainable
Building with Large-Scale
➢ Integration of Wind Turbines
➢ Oasia Hotel Downtown (Singapore)—Advanced Green Facade System
Page 5 of 17
READING & NOTE-TAKING
❖ READINGS
✓ Read the following article and be guided with the keywords to help you
identify important concepts:
a. Section 3. Technological Innovations in High-Rise Buildings from:
Szolomicki, J. & Golasz-Szolomicka, H. (2019) Technological Advances &
Trends in Modern Hi-Rise Buildings. Buildings 2019 (193). MPDI – pages 2-15.
❖ MAKE YOUR NOTES

✓ Prepare your notes on the readings in this module.
✓ To help you organize information and focus only on essential concepts, be
guided by the keywords in the previous section.
✓ Check the note-taking tips from the blog of The Productive Engineer ©2021
https://theproductiveengineer.net/should-you-take-notes-when-reading/ .
✓ Notes can be written (and drawn) on A4 size bond papers or electronically
using any word processing software.
❖ NB
✓ Note-taking is a formative activity that is ungraded and will not be submitted.
Your notes may be used to increase your scores should your final grade fall
short of passing.
Page 6 of 17
ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION
Assessment 9_M3-U1_TLO9: Research
➢ Research and give brief descriptions (3-10 sentences) and pictures or illustrations
on the following keywords and concepts. Number the items and present in a
tabular presentation.
➢ All pictures or illustrations should have a title and a reference
e.g. Picture 1. Skyscraper (http:skyscraper.com)
➢ Attach reference after every description
KEYWORDS & CONCEPTS

(Define & Illustrate in your notebooks these terms)
• Bioclimatic Skyscrapers
• Ruled surfaces
• Curved surfaces of a constant generatix
• Curved surfaces of a varying generatix
• Extruder skyscraper
• Rotor skyscraper
• Twister skyscraper
• Tordos skyscraper
• Rigid frame structural system
• Shear frame structural system
• Flat plate
• Mega column structural system
• Core structural system
• Mega core structural system
• Outriggered frame structural system
• Tube structural system
• Diagrid system
• Dissipation dampers
• Hysteretic dampers
• Viscous dampers
• Steel damper
• Steel joint damper
• Viscoelastic damper
• Lead damper
• Friction damper
• Tuned mass damper
• Tuned liquid damper
• Active mass damper
• Active variable stiffness devices
Page 7 of 17
• Very high-strength concrete
• Self-consolidating concrete
• Moving formworks
• Thermo-Mechanical Conctrol Process
• DP steel
• TRIP steel
• Nanotechnology
• Solar architecture of buildings
• Ventilated double skin facades
• Active wall façade
• Interactive wall facade
➢ Layout and sequence of presentation:

o Paper size A4
➢ Assessment Criteria:
o 10 points Format and documentation
o 10 points Completeness
o 10 points Presentation
o Name the file or e-file of your plate: class code (as enrolled)_course
number_ assignment number_short title_student’s surname as follows:
2833_2834_AR4151D_M3-U1-TLO9_Assess9_Research_PEREZ.pdf and
2833_2834_AR4151D_M3-U1-TLO9_Assess9_Research_PEREZ.dwg or
2833_2834_AR4151D_M3-U1-TLO9_Assess9_Research_PEREZ.skp or
2833_2834_AR4151D_M3-U1-TLO9_Assess9_Research_PEREZ.pln
o Submission
• Upload your files in pdf to the google classroom
• Submit hard copy to your instructor
Page 8 of 17
Module 3 – Unit 2: Construction Technology to Watch in 2021
Building technology is always evolving and research is the key to coping up with the
technological changes in the building and construction industry. This unit presents the
current innovations in materials and the emerging technologies in building construction.
At the end of this unit, you must advance the ability for research and its translation into
relevant information (TLO 10).
LECTURE OUTLINE
❖ INNOVATIVE MATERIALS
(Sadana, Nishtha, 2021)
➢ Cross Laminated Timber

➢ Rammed Earth
➢ Pigmented Concrete
➢ The Cabkoma Strand Rod
➢ Light Generating Cement
➢ Cigarette Butt Bricks
➢ Hollow Clay Bricks
➢ Transparent Wood
➢ Modular Bamboo
➢ Aluminum Foam
❖ CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY TO WATCH IN 2021

(BigRentz-Inc., 2021)
➢ Augmented Reality
➢ Construction Wearables
➢ Construction Exoskeletons
➢ Construction Robots
➢ Drones
➢ Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
➢ Modular Construction
➢ 3D Printing
➢ Building Information Modeling
➢ Block Chain
Page 9 of 17
READING & NOTE-TAKING
❖ READINGS
✓ Read the following articles and be guided with the keywords in the lecture
outline to help you identify important concepts:
1. Sadana, Nishtha. (2021). (Materials and Construction) 10- Innovative
construction materials. (Rethinking Internet Media Pvt. Ltd.) Retrieved
from Rethinking the Future: https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/rtf-
fresh-perspectives/a1072-10-innovative-construction-materials-used-
around-the-world/
2. BigRentz-Inc. (2021, March 22). Construction Technology to Watch in
2021. Retrieved from BigRentz, Inc.:
https://www.bigrentz.com/blog/construction-technology
❖ MAKE YOUR NOTES

✓ Prepare your notes on the readings in this module;
✓ Define and illustrate each of the innovative materials and construction
technology to watch for in 2021;
✓ Notes can be written (and drawn) on A4 size bond papers or electronically
using any word processing software;
❖ NB
✓ Note-taking is a formative activity that is ungraded and will not be submitted.
Your notes may be used to increase your scores should your final grade fall
short of passing.
Page 10 of 17
ASSESSMENT/EVALUATION
Assessment 10_M3-U1_TLO10: Research Slideshow 50 points
➢ Summarize the research article assigned to you (see table)

o Look for the article from the following proceedings on advanced
construction and building technology:
1. Bock, T. (2016). Advanced Construction and Building Technology for
Society. In T. Bock (Ed.), Proceedings of the CIB*IAARC W119 CIC 2016
Workshop. Chair for Building Realization and Robotics.
2. Bock, T., Gerogoulas, C., & Linner, T. (2012). Advanced Construction
and Building Technology for Society. In T. Bock, C. Gerogoulas, & T.
Linner (Ed.), Proceedings of the CIB*IAARC W119 CIC 2012 Workshop.
CIB Publication 367.
o Determine the focus of the article – the specific construction and building
technology discussed by the authors;
o Read the article
▪ Allow enough time. Before you can write about the research, you
have to understand it. This can often take a lot longer than most
people realize. Only when you can clearly explain the study in your
own words to someone who hasn’t read the article are you ready to
write about it.
▪ Scan the article first. If you try to read a new article from start to finish,
you'll get bogged down in detail. Instead, use your knowledge of
APA format to find the main points. Briefly look at each section.
▪ Underline key sentences or write the key point (e.g., design) of each
paragraph in the margin. Although the abstract can help you to
identify the main points, you cannot rely on it exclusively, because it
contains very condensed information. Remember to focus on the
parts of the article that are most relevant.
▪ Read for depth, read interactively. After you have highlighted the
main points, read each section several times.
▪ Plagiarism is always a risk when summarizing someone else’s work. To
avoid it:
• Take notes in your own words. Using short notes or
summarizing key points in your own words forces you to
rewrite the ideas into your own words later.
• If you find yourself sticking closely to the original language
and making only minor changes to the wording, then you
probably don't understand the study
Page 11 of 17
o Research and any current innovations on the technology and examples of
buildings which utilized the technology.
o Write a draft. Use the same order as in the article itself. Adjust the length
accordingly depending on the content of your particular article and how
you will be using the summary.
▪ State the research focus and explain why it is interesting
▪ State the technology being discussed
▪ Briefly describe the characteristics of the technology
▪ Describe the applications and building examples
▪ Explain the key implications of the adopting the technology in
today’s building construction
▪ Select drawings, photographs and images that best illustrate the
building technology
▪ Explain how you can adopt the building technology in architectural
design
[Adapted from: Summarizing a Research Article 1997-2006, University of Washington]
➢ Prepare a slideshow presentation (comprising of 6 slides only) of your summary of

the research article and the building technology described in the paper. Use your
draft as a guide. Each slide must be laid out in story board style. Each slide must
be informative. Do not copy and paste long sentences or paragraphs. Show
keywords only, select an image that best explains the context of the topic.
o Slide sequence:
▪ Slide 1 Title of the Research Article & Author
Building Technology Focus
Key Concepts
SLU-AR Logo (official)
Student Name
AR4151/D Building Technology 5
Professor’s Name
Assessment Number
▪ Slide 2 - 4 Content (based from the draft)
Key concepts and illustrations
Current innovations
▪ Slide 5 Building Examples
▪ Slide 6 References
o Transition between slides is 20 seconds for a total presentation time of 120
seconds (or 2 minutes)
o Prepare a 20 second explanation (narration) for each slide. Use your draft
as a guide.
o Record your presentation in Google Meet.
Page 12 of 17
Topic Assignments
Assigned Students Based on Student

No. Title Number
1 Automated Horizontal Building Construction – A new 1 2, 45

Paradigm
2 Feasibility of new technologies in construction applied 3 4, 46
in new developed countries
3 A “DIY” Home Personal Production System 5 6, 47
4 Mass Customization in Home Industry 7 8, 48
5 Integrated Work Space Systems for Elderly 9 10
6 Construction Site Automation: guidelines for analyzing 11 12
its feasibility, benefits and drawbacks
7 Automated Construction – An efficiency analysis and 13 14
the socio-economic impact
8 Demographic Change Design: Integration of Human 15 16
Ambient Technologies in Kitchen for Aging Society
9 Prefabrication and Automation in Rammed Earth 17 18
Building Construction
10 A Flexible Automated Working Space Module (FAWSM): A 19 20
Development Approach for Activities of daily living
11 Explorative Investigation Approach for Ubiquitous 21 22
Computing Application Development in Architectural
Environment
12 Dealing with mobility issues in home environment: 23 24
Proposal for vertical moving storage system
13 Visualization and Simulation Approaches In Construction 25 26
14 A new vision for Bauschiff Neufert: System evaluation 27 28
and opportunities for evolution and current use
15 Prefabrication and Automation in Concrete Building 29 30
Construction
16 SMARTBEE: A Framework of Single/Multi-task On-site 31 32
Adaptable Renovation Robot Technology for Building
Engineering Enhancement
17 Automated refurbishment & end-of-life processes – 33 34
research approaches in German and
Japanese construction
18 ECO – BOX: a system of lightweight vertical urban farming 35 36
and its robotic assembly & operation process
19 Innovative Methods for Mold Design and Fabrication 37 38
20 Restoration System For Buildings In Dense Areas 39 40
21 Novel applications offered by Integration of Robotic 41 42
Tools in BIM-based Design Workflow for Automation in
Construction Processes
22 Affinity of a Home Robot 43 44
References: (Bock, Gerogoulas, & Linner, Advanced Construction and Building Technology for
Society, 2012) (Bock, Advanced Construction and Building Technology for Society, 2016)
➢ Assessment Criteria:
o 10 points Introduction of the topic
o 10 points Body of the Speech or Content
o 15 points Knowledge
Page 13 of 17
o 10 points Conclusion
o 15 points Voice, Quality of Oral Delivery, Body Language
o 10 points Time Limit
o 30 points Slideshow Organization and Infographics
➢ Format of Presentation:
o Be innovative and creative in the presentation of your research. Create
your work in “MS Powerpoint,” “Google Slides” or any presentation
software. Use any appropriate medium to record your presentation. You
may record using “Google Meet” or “Zoom.” For uniformity, the following
format must be observed:
• Landscape page layout
• Observe standards in graphics design and good composition
techniques
• Use the official title SLU-AR Logo
• Indicate your references – use the APA Reference Format
• Text – use any font style but observe minimum Font Size 18
• Choose an appropriate scale for each architectural drawing
– the size of the drawing must be proportional to the size of
the slide (not too small, not too big)
• Scanned images should be clear and edited to produce high
definition quality
o Name the file or e-file of your slideshow and presentation: class code (as
enrolled)_course number_ assignment number_short title_student’s
surname as follows:
2833_2834_AR4151D_M3-U2-TLO10_Assess10_Research_Record_PEREZ.mp4
2833_2834_AR4151D_M3-U2-TLO10_Assess10_Research_Slide_PEREZ.ppt
o Submission
• If OBL, upload your file directly under the specified assessment
page in Google Classroom
• If CBL, include the assessment in the package you will send
me through express mail correspondence at the end of the
semester
Page 14 of 17
Bibliography
Adriaenssens, S., Block, P., Veenendaal, D., & Williams, C. (2014). Shell Structures for
Architecture Form Finding and Optimization. (S. Adriaenssens, P. Block, D. Veenendaal,
& C. Williams, Eds.) Routledge.
Allen, E., & Thallon, R. (2011). Fundamentals of Residential Construction (3rd Edition ed.).
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Allen, J., & Iano, J. (2014). Fundamentals of Building Construction Materials and
Methods (6th Edition ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Barry, R. (1996). The Construction of Builidngs (4th Edition ed., Vol. 4). Blackwell Science.
BigRentz-Inc. (2021, March 22). Construction Technology to Watch in 2021. Retrieved

from BigRentz, Inc.: https://www.bigrentz.com/blog/construction-technology
Bock, T. (2016). Advanced Construction and Building Technology for Society. In T. Bock
(Ed.), Proceedings of the CIB*IAARC W119 CIC 2016 Workshop. Chair for Building
Realization and Robotics.
Bock, T., Gerogoulas, C., & Linner, T. (2012). Advanced Construction and Building
Technology for Society. In T. Bock, C. Gerogoulas, & T. Linner (Ed.), Proceedings of the
CIB*IAARC W119 CIC 2012 Workshop. CIB Publication 367.
Ching, F. D. (2014). Building Construction Illustrated (5th Edition ed.). John Wiley & Sons,
Inc.
Chudley, R., & Greeno, R. (2006). Advanced Construction Technology (4th Edition ed.).
Pearson Education Limited.
Consenza, E., & Zandonini, R. (1999). Composite Construction. CRC Press LLC.
Constro-Facilitator. (2019, September 4). Space Frame Structure; an analysis of its

benefit. Retrieved from Constro Facilitator - 2021:
https://www.constrofacilitator.com/space-frame-structure-an-analysis-of-its-benefit/
Genov, N. (2018, Januray 16). How to create 3D printed scale models. Retrieved from
MY3DCONCEPTS.COM: http://my3dconcepts.com/how-to-create-3d-printed-
architectural-scale-models/
Hepler, D. J., Wallach, P. R., & Helper, ,. E. (2013). Drafting & Design for Architecture &
Construction. Delmar, Cenage Learning.
Page 15 of 17
Hoke, J. (Ed.). (2000). Architectural Graphic Standards (10th Edition ed.). John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.
MasterClass. (2021, June 22). Architectural Model Guide: How to Make an Architectural
Model. Retrieved from MasteClass: https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-
make-an-architectural-model#3-types-of-architectural-design-models
Mythili, T. (2017). An Overview of Pre-Engineered Building Systems. International Journal

of Scientific & Engineering Research , 8 (4), 557-563.
R. Buckminster Fuller Collection. (n.d.). Retrieved from Stanford Libraries:

https://exhibits.stanford.edu/bucky/feature/what-is-a-geodesic-dome
RJModels. (2021). Architectural Models: The Ultimate Guide. Retrieved from RJ Models:
https://www.rjmodels.com.hk/architectural-models-guide/#chapter3
Sadana, Nishtha. (2021). (Materials and Construction) 10- Innovative construction

materials. (Rethinking Internet Media Pvt. Ltd.) Retrieved from Rethinking the Future:
https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/rtf-fresh-perspectives/a1072-10-innovative-
construction-materials-used-around-the-world/
Souza, E. (2020, October 6). Miniature Construction: Modeling From Structure to Finish.
Retrieved from ArchDaily: https://www.archdaily.com/948773/miniature-construction-
modeling-from-structure-to-finish
Szolomicki, J., & Golasz-Szolomicka, H. (2019, August 26). Technological Advances and
Trends in Modern. Buildings 2019 , 9 (193).
Watson, D. (Ed.). (1997). Time-Saver Standards for Archiectural Design Data (7th Edition
ed.). McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Watson, D. (1997). Time-Saver Standards for Architectural Design Data, The Reference
of Architectural Fundamentals (7th Edition ed.). (D. Watson, Ed.) McGraw-Hill, Inc.
Willige, A. (2017, March 3). 6 Buildings that are Revolutionizing the Construction Industry.
Retrieved from World Economic Forum:
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/03/buildings-construction-industry-innovation/
Page 16 of 17
APPENDICES
(see uploads in Google Classroom)
Page 17 of 17

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AR 4151/D

KEYWORDS & CONCEPTS

Module 3 – Unit 1: Technological Advances & Trends in Modern Hi-Rise

➢ Read the article (see attached file):

❖ NEW DESIGN TRENDS IN GEOMETRICAL FORMS

❖ INNOVATIONS IN STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

❖ ADVANCED VIBRATION DAMPING SYSTEMS

❖ USE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS

❖ INNOVATIVE ENERGY SYSTEMS IN HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

❖ NEW TECHNOLOGIES OF FACADES

❖ EXAMPLES OF SELECTED HIGH-TECH HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

❖ MAKE YOUR NOTES

KEYWORDS & CONCEPTS

➢ Layout and sequence of presentation:

➢ Cross Laminated Timber

❖ CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY TO WATCH IN 2021

❖ MAKE YOUR NOTES

➢ Summarize the research article assigned to you (see table)

➢ Prepare a slideshow presentation (comprising of 6 slides only) of your summary of

Assigned Students Based on Student

1 Automated Horizontal Building Construction – A new 1 2, 45

BigRentz-Inc. (2021, March 22). Construction Technology to Watch in 2021. Retrieved

Constro-Facilitator. (2019, September 4). Space Frame Structure; an analysis of its

Mythili, T. (2017). An Overview of Pre-Engineered Building Systems. International Journal

R. Buckminster Fuller Collection. (n.d.). Retrieved from Stanford Libraries:

Sadana, Nishtha. (2021). (Materials and Construction) 10- Innovative construction

(see uploads in Google Classroom)

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