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    ME 200 - Lecture 25 - BW

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    naren233
    1) Turbine, compressor, pump, and nozzle isentropic efficiencies compare the actual work or kinetic energy output to the maximum possible isentropic output for an adiabatic device. 2) For a turbine example, the isentropic efficiency is calculated using the actual work output over the isentropic work output between inlet and outlet pressures. Typical efficiencies range from 50-90%. 3) Compressor and pump isentropic efficiencies are calculated similarly but as the ratio of the minimum isentropic work input over the actual work input. Nozzle efficiency uses kinetic energy outputs.

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    ME 200 - Lecture 25 - BW

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    naren233
    39 views6 pages
    1) Turbine, compressor, pump, and nozzle isentropic efficiencies compare the actual work or kinetic energy output to the maximum possible isentropic output for an adiabatic device. 2) For a turbine example, the isentropic efficiency is calculated using the actual work output over the isentropic work output between inlet and outlet pressures. Typical efficiencies range from 50-90%. 3) Compressor and pump isentropic efficiencies are calculated similarly but as the ratio of the minimum isentropic work input over the actual work input. Nozzle efficiency uses kinetic energy outputs.

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    ME 200 - Lecture 25_BW

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    1) Turbine, compressor, pump, and nozzle isentropic efficiencies compare the actual work or kinetic energy output to the maximum possible isentropic output for an adiabatic device. 2) For a turbine example, the isentropic efficiency is calculated using the actual work output over the isentropic work output between inlet and outlet pressures. Typical efficiencies range from 50-90%. 3) Compressor and pump isentropic efficiencies are calculated similarly but as the ratio of the minimum isentropic work input over the actual work input. Nozzle efficiency uses kinetic energy outputs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    39 views6 pages

    ME 200 - Lecture 25 - BW

    Uploaded by

    naren233
    1) Turbine, compressor, pump, and nozzle isentropic efficiencies compare the actual work or kinetic energy output to the maximum possible isentropic output for an adiabatic device. 2) For a turbine example, the isentropic efficiency is calculated using the actual work output over the isentropic work output between inlet and outlet pressures. Typical efficiencies range from 50-90%. 3) Compressor and pump isentropic efficiencies are calculated similarly but as the ratio of the minimum isentropic work input over the actual work input. Nozzle efficiency uses kinetic energy outputs.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 6

    Lecture 25 Isentropic Turbine Efficiency

    Isentropic Efficiencies Steam Turbine Example


    1 P1
    • Turbines T 1
    • Compressors and Pumps ɺ
    W sh P2
    • Nozzles

    Isentropic Efficiencies
    2 s
    Work Producing Device: actual work output
    relative to work output for an isentropic device In general, turbine isentropic efficiency is
    (i.e., actual/maximum work output of an adiabatic
    actual work output w
    device) ηT = = a
    isentropic work output ws
    Work Consuming Device: isentropic work input
    relative to actual work input (i.e., minimum/actual where the isentropic work is evaluated between the
    work input for an adiabatic device) actual inlet condition and the outlet pressure.

    For an adiabatic turbine with ∆ke = ∆pe = 0,


    Thrust Producing Device: actual exit kinetic h1 − h2
    energy relative to isentropic exit kinetic energy ηT = typically 0.5 < ηT < 0.9
    h1 − h2 s
    (i.e., actual/maximum KE output of an adiabatic
    device) Often given inlet conditions, outlet pressure, and
    isentropic efficiency  calculate exit state and
    Entropy- Page 50
    work output Entropy- Page 51
    Look at Data from a Real Machine Example
    This is an automotive scroll compressor
    Given: steam turbine, work output = 8 MW
    (for car air conditioner)
    inlet: P1=6 MPa, T1=600 °C
    outlet: P2=50 kPa, T2=100 °C
    T1, P1, V1
    System:
    Find:
    (a) mass flow rate ɺ
    W sh
    (b) isentropic efficiency

    It was run in reverse as a turbine using R134a, and Assumptions: 1) SSSF,


    the isentropic efficiency was measured. 2) ∆ke=∆pe=0, 3) adiabatic

    T2, P2, V2

    Woodland, B. J., Braun, J. E., Groll, E. A., & Horton, W. T. (2012). Experimental
    Testing of an Organic Rankine Cycle with Scroll-type Expander. In Proceedings of Entropy- Page 52 Entropy- Page 53
    the International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue University.
    Paper no. 2505.
    Isentropic Compressor Efficiency
    Air Compressor Example
    2
    P2
    T
    Wɺ sh
    P1

    1 s
    Compressor isentropic efficiency is the inverse of
    turbine efficiency
    isentropic work input ws
    ηC = =
    actual work input wa
    For an adiabatic compressor with ∆ke = ∆pe = 0,

    h2 s − h1
    ηC = typically 0.5 < ηC < 0.9
    h2 − h1

    Often given inlet conditions, outlet pressure, and


    isentropic efficiency  calculate exit state and
    work input

    Entropy- Page 54 Entropy- Page 55


    Example Isentropic Pump Efficiency
    Given: Adiabatic compressor h-s diagram
    P1 = 100 kPa, P2 = 1 MPa 2 P2
    Saturated water vapor @ P1 h
    Find: Specific work input and exit temperature for an P1
    isentropic efficiency of 0.8
    2 Wɺ
    System:
    1
    Wɺsh 1
    Assumptions:
    SSSF, ∆ke=0, ∆pe=0,
    s
    adiabatic Pump isentropic efficiency has the same definition
    1 as compressor efficiency
    isentropic work input ws
    ηP = =
    actual work input wa
    For an adiabatic pump with ∆ke = ∆pe = 0 and an
    incompressible liquid having a constant specific heat

    h2 s − h1 v( P2 − P1 )
    ηP = =
    h2 − h1 c(T2 − T1 ) + v( P2 − P1 )

    Entropy- Page 56 Entropy- Page 57


    Example Isentropic Nozzle Efficiency
    The purpose of a nozzle is to
    Given: Adiabatic pump
    produce kinetic energy
    P1 = 100 kPa, P2 = 1 MPa 2
    Saturated liquid @ P1 1
    Find: Specific work input and exit temperature for an actual exit ke V2
    isentropic efficiency of 0.8 ηN = = 22
    isentropic exit ke V2 s
    System: 2
    For an adiabatic nozzle with ∆pe = 0 and
    Assumptions: ke1 << ke2
    SSSF, ∆ke=0, ∆pe=0, Wɺ
    V22 h1 − h2
    adiabatic ~ h1 − h2 ηN =
    2 h1 − h2 s
    1

    h-s diagram T-s diagram


    P1 P1
    h 1 T 1

    P2 P2

    s s

    Entropy- Page 58 Entropy- Page 59


    Example
    Given: air nozzle, ηN=0.92
    inlet: P1 = 200 kPa, T1=950 K
    outlet: P2=80 kPa

    System: 2
    Find: 1
    1. exit velocity, V2
    2. exit temperature, T2

    Assumptions: SSSF, adiabatic, ∆pe=0, ke1<<ke2,


    constant specific heat, ideal gas

    Entropy- Page 60 Entropy- Page 61

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