*Nursing Research 2 P1 Examination A5 ,

July 16, 2021

Situation: A group of investigators are working on a field study exploring childhood
obesity in the town of Pandayan. The data will be gathered using questionnaire,
observation and physiologic measurement. The study aims to determine the risk
factors of childhood obesity- the diet, activity and parental support given to children
to formulate a program on Child Wellness. Based of the study, the category of data
collection is: *
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a. Primary

b. Secondary
c. Both A & B
d. None of the above

From the purpose of the study cited above, the type of research data is: *
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a. Cross-sectional
b. Retrospective

c. Prospective
d. None of the above

Which of the following secondary data will help investigators achieve their research
goal? *
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a. Immunization record
b. Dietary Record

c. School Record
d. List of Family menu

If a focused group interview with the parents regarding their children will be
utilized for the childhood obesity study, the research data is: *
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a. Primary-Cross-sectional
b. Primary- Retrospective

c. Primary-Prospective
d. None of the above

Data obtained from the civil registry is considered a secondary data. *

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a. Yes

b. No
c. Maybe
d. None of the above

Which of the following is a secondary data? *

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a. Interview
b. Researcher’s observation
c. Bracketing Note
d. Nurses’ Endorsement logbook

A policy Delphi is used to reveal arguments within a panel to address a policy

issue. *
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True

False

In unstructured observation, a checklist may help indicate the frequency of the

subjects’ observed behavior. *
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True
False

Mr. G formulated a questionnaire for his correlational study research instrument.

His data collecting method is Delphi technique. *
1/1
True
False

The difference between predictive and concurrent validity is the difference in the
______ of obtaining measurements on a criterion. *
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a. Manner
b. Place
c. Timing

d. None of the above

Page 2 of 5
10 of 10 points

What would be your best response if your co researcher ask you about Construct
Validity? *
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a. Is the ability of the instrument to correctly identify the variables to be manipulated.
b. Is the ability of the instrument to correctly identify non cases.
c. Is the degree by which the instrument measures what intends to measure.
d. Is used mainly for measures of trait or feelings, generosity, grief or satisfaction.

Nurse Sheila and team asked clarification to their clinical instructor about Future
data or events that occurred after the study design has been completed, The best
response of their Clinical Instructor is that the statement refers to: *
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a. Prospective Data

b. Retrospective Data
c. Primary Data
d. Cross Sectional Data

Manipulation check is utilized by the researcher in what threat to statistical

conclusion validity? *
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a. Restriction of range
b. Low statistical power
c. Unreliable implementation of treatment

d. Researcher expectancies

It is a related threat arising from the control group members’ desire to demonstrate
that they can do as well as those receiving a special treatment. *
1/1
a. Compensatory rivalry

b. Contamination effects
c. Low statistical power
d. Restriction of range
To address this threat to validity, it is important to consider whether there will be
sufficient participants of variability to support the statistical analyses envisioned. *
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a. Low statistical power
b. Researcher expectancies
c. Restriction of range

d. Treatment diffusion

The degree to which inferences about relationships and differences from a statistical
analysis of the data are accurate. *
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a. Construct Validity
b. External Validity
c. Internal Validity
d. Statistical Conclusion Validity

The researcher is open to ideas which emerge from listening or observing people. *
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a. exploration,
b. inductive approach

c. interactive and reflective

d. holistic
e. flexible;

In qualitative studies, researchers use interaction between them and participants to

get closer to the topic under study. *
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a. exploration,
b. inductive approach
c. Interactive and reflective

d. holistic
e. flexible;

As a nurse researcher conducting a research study with a group of children, you

discover that the average weight of the subjects is at the 90th percentile for their
age. Which statement would be correct? *
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a. The subjects are not eating enough.
b. The subjects are 90% above the average weight for their age.
c. the subjects are 90% above the average weight for their age
d. The subjects are well above the average weight for their age.
In qualitative research, participants are allowed to put their responses in context. *
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a. exploration,
b. inductive approach
c. Interactive and reflective
d. holistic

e. flexible;
Page 3 of 5
10 of 10 points

The qualitative research should be reflective i.e. examining not only what people
say and do, but also why they say and do so. *
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a. exploration,
b. inductive approach
c. Interactive and reflective

d. holistic
e. flexible;

A researcher wants to experiment on the best teaching method in teaching Related

Learning Experience. The researcher assigns the students from the lower sections to
be in experimental group and the students from the lower sections to be in the
control group. Obviously the students from the higher section will perform better.
This is an example of ; *
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a. Maturation
b. History
c. selection bias

d. Instrumentation change
e. Mortality

This happens when the experiment is conducted across a longer period of time
during which most of the subjects undergo physical, emotional and/or psychological
changes. This is to be avoided if such changes are not desired, this is called; *
1/1
a. Maturation

b. History
c. selection bias
d. Instrumentation change
e. Mortality

When an instrument used is electronically run, it should not be replaced by a battery

or manually-operated instrument, as it will result in different readings, and this is to
due to; *
1/1
a. Maturation
b. History
c. selection bias
d. Instrumentation change

e. Mortality

This refers to a threat to internal validity happens during the conduct of the study
when an unusual affects the result of the experiment, is due to; *
1/1
a. Maturation
b. History

c. selection bias
d. Instrumentation change
e. Mortality

This results when the subjects or respondents of the study are not randomly
selected. *
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a. Maturation
b. History
c. selection bias

d. Instrumentation change
e. Mortality

Hawthorne effect. This threat results when the characteristics of the researcher
affect the behavior of the subjects or respondents. *
1/1
True
False

Measurement effect . Also called reactive effects of the pretest, as part of this
occurs when subjects have been sensitized to the treatment by taking the pretest.
This sensitization might affect the posttest results. With the announcement of the
conduct of the study the subjects might prepare and this will give superficial
result. *
1/1
True

False

Testing bias is the influence of the pretest or knowledge of baseline data on the
posttest scores. Subjects may remember the answers they put on the pretest and put
the same answers on the posttest. *
1/1
True

False

Halo effect. This occurs when the respondents or subjects respond artificially to the
treatment because they know they are being observed as part of a research study. *
1/1
True
False

Page 4 of 5
9 of 10 points

The difference of internal and external validity is as follows: (Select all that
apply): *
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1. degree to which changes in the dependent variable can be attributed to the independent
variable.

2. Subjects are randomly assigned to one of four groups.

3. degree to which the changes in the dependent variable can be attributed to the extraneous
variables.

4. Method of difference

Surveys can be categorized according to whom the data is collected from, which
means *
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a. Sample- a representative of the total population
b. Group- can be smaller than a mass
c. Mass- larger than a group
d. All of the above.
Surveys can be categorized according to methods used to collect data, which
means; *
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a. Telephone
b. Text Message/ Email
c. Face-to-face
d. Paper questionnaire
e. All of the above.

It is believed that qualitative research is (Select All that apply) *

0/1
1. interactive,

2. inductive,
3. flexible,

4. holistic and
5. Reflective method of data collection and analysis.

Correct answer
1. interactive,
2. inductive,
3. flexible,
4. holistic and
5. Reflective method of data collection and analysis.

Data collection in qualitative research includes: (Select all that apply) *

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1. Interviews;

2. Observations;

3. Group discussion;

4. Analysis of video recording;

5. Letters, diaries and other documents;

APA means *
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a. American Psychological Association

b. American Psychology Association

c. Asian Pacific Association
d. Australian Psychological Association

Various types of sources includes; *

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a. Journals and books
b. Print-materials, non-print materials and online sources

c. International journals and published materials

d. Local and International materials

References should be in *
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a. Alphabetical order
b. Hanging indent
c. Double spacing
d. It should appear in uppercase and lowercase letters, centered.
e. All of the above

In making rationale of the study, it is essential to scrutinize the following; *

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a. Create reader interest in the topic;
b. Establish the problem that leads to the study;
c. Place the study within the larger context of the scholarly literature;
d. Reach out to a specific audience
e. All of the above

Furthermore, a rationale of the study observes ; *

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a. A quantitative introduction typically is written from the third person point of view.
b. This helps create a sense of objectivity.
c. Telling the reader a story, set the stage for a need of your research.
d. All of the above

Page 5 of 5
9 of 10 points

identify the level of measurement: Marital Status *

1/1
Nominal

Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
identify the level of measurement: Type of bacteria *
1/1
Nominal

Ordinal
Interval
Ratio

identify the level of measurement: No. of nurses per shift *

1/1
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio

identify the level of measurement: Level of Knowledge *

1/1
Nominal
Ordinal

Interval
Ratio

Which of the following is the second step in testing a null hypothesis? *

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a. State the null hypothesis to be tested

b. Choose the appropriate statistical test for the given data

c. State the research hypothesis.
d. Determine the level of significant differences

This hypothesis usually assumes that an extreme score can occur in either tail of the
normal curve. *
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a. Directional
b. Non-directional

c. Null
d. Research

Two-tailed test of significance is an analysis of what hypotheses? *

1/1
a. Directional
b. Non-directional
c. Null
d. Research

Sampling error may occur when the sample does not accurately reflect the *
1/1
a. element
b. population

c. Sample
d. Sampling technique

It is a vital element of scientific research, since it will predict a phenomenon based

on data leading to theory development. *
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a. element
b. population

c. Sample
d. Sampling technique

If you are to estimate population parameter, the following facts will be considered
except: *
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a. Probability sampling
b. Sampling bias

c. Sampling distribution
d. Sampling error
Correct answer
a. Probability sampling
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