21st CLPW - Week 1

21ST CENURY LITERATURE
FROM THE PHILIPPINES

& THE WORLD
This course aims to engage students in appreciation and
critical study of 21st Century Literature from the
Philippines and the World encompassing their various
dimensions, genres, elements, structures, contexts, and
traditions.
Content Standard:
The learner will be able to understand and
appreciate the elements and context of
21st century Philippine literature from
regions.
Performance Standards:
The learner will be able to demonstrate understanding and
appreciation of 21st Century Philippine literature from the regions
through:
1. A written close analysis and critical interpretation of literary
text in terms of forms and theme, with a description of its
context derived from research
2. An adaption of a text into other creative forms using multimedia
Most Essential Learning Competencies:
1. Write a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts and doing
an adaptation of these require from the learner the ability to identify:
The geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary
history from pre-colonial to the contemporary
Representative texts and authors from each region
2. Compare and contrast the various 21st century literary genres and the
ones from the earlier genres/periods citing their elements, structures and
traditions.
3. Discuss how different contexts enhance the text’s meaning and enrich the
reader’s understanding.
“A well-composed book is a magic carpet on
which we are wafted to a world that we cannot
enter in any other way.”
-Caroline Gordon
L iterature
WEEK 1
THE STUDY OF
ART
AS AN
LiteratureIS
EVERYWHERE
Literature
IS A
TIME
MACHINE
Literature
REFLECTS
THE
HUMANITIES & THE WORLD
Literature
What is
for you?
Literature
Literature is derived from the Latin “littera” which
means “letter”, which refers primarily to written texts.
Literature consists writings which recognize the
meanings of nature and life, in words of charm and
power, touched with the character of the author, in
artistic forms of permanent interest.
Literature is the written, printed or oral productions of
the human mind collectively, which deals with themes
of permanent and universal interest, characterized by
creativeness and grace of expression, as poetry,
fictions, essays, etc., distinguished from works of
scientific, technical or journalistic nature (Webster
Comprehensive Dictionary, International Edition).
Literature
TYPES OF
ORAL LITERATURE
is the literature of the ancient periods
is preserved and handed down from one generation

to another by word of mouth
WRITTEN LITERATURE
is one that produced from the use of the pen by
literary writer
is more permanent than oral literature because it

remains as is
Reasons Why
People Write:
For self-expression
It goes by the saying, “The mouth speaks what the heart
is full of.” Literature can be a great avenue for a person to
express what they feel or think.
To spread knowledge and information
Writing is a great way for us not only to share information,
but to learn from the information shared by other people.
To pass on ideas and values

Preserving ideas and values can be difficult and writing
can mend to that problem. Passing on principles can be
made easy by writings.
To convey truth, accuracy, and evaluation
This allows others to analyze, evaluate, form valid
judgments, and make wise decisions.
The Qualities of Great
Literature
Permanence
Great literature has a lasting influence and can
stand though ages and may still open a new world
of meaning and experiences through different
generations.
Universality
Great literature appeals to anyone, wherever,
whenever and may be constantly relevant. It deals
with elemental feelings, fundamental truths, and
universal conditions.
Artistry
Great literature draws to our aesthetic sense or
sense of beauty.
Intellectual Value
Great literature stimulates the way we think. It
makes us realize fundamental truths about life and
human nature; thus, enriching our mental ability.
Spiritual Value
Great literature motivates, inspires, and brings out
moral values which can make us better persons. It
also relates to God’s plan and purpose for
humanity.
Style
Great literature is evident with the distinctive way
in which the writer sees life, forms his/her ideas,
and expresses them distinctly. The uniqueness of
the writer shows in his or her style.
Suggestiveness
Great literature draws to our emotions, stirs our
imagination, feeling, moves us deeply and evokes
visions over and beyond the level of ordinary life
and experience.
2 MAJOR FORMS
OF LITERATURE
Prose & Poetry
Prose
Prose is discourse that follows the continuous
and usual flow of conversation which uses
sentences forming paragraphs to express ideas,
feelings, and actions. It is divided into two major
divisions, namely fiction and non-fiction.
Divisions of Prose:
FICTION NONFICTION
Fiction
is a type of prose writing that is the product of
the author’s imagination.
Short Story
is a sequence of events including one or more
characters, one narrative, and one single idea.
Examples: Dead Stars by Paz Marquez Benitez,

Footnote to Youth by Jose Garcia Villa
Novel
is a long work of fiction that has chapters where
many characters are involved and spans long
period of time.
Examples: Noli Me Tangere by Dr. Jose P. Rizal

Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe
Play
is a scripted story executed on stage
Examples: Call Me Flory by Wilfredo Ma. Guerrero

Dekada ’70 by Lualhati Bautista
Legend
is a narrative about the origin of man, place,
event, and happenings.
Examples: Alamat ng Pinya,

The Legend of Mount Mayon
Fable
is a narrative where the characters are animals
and nonliving objects that speak and act like
people, and usually ends with values that can
mold their attitudes.
Examples: The Monkey and the Turtle, The Ant

and the Grasshopper
Non-fiction
is a type of prose writing that is based on facts,
real events, and real people.
Essay
is an attempt to express the viewpoint and
judgment of the writer on a dilemma or event.
Example: Essays of Francis Bacon

Oration
is a formal treatment of the subject and intended
to be spoken before a crowd.
Biography
is a literary work that gives the life account of a
person written by another person.
Autobiography
is a literary work where the author writes his own
life account.
News
is a report of expected and unexpected events in
society and government and incidents in the
field of science, business, etc.
Letters
is a written message communicated from one
person to another person via writing through a
medium. Letters can be formal and informal.
Diaries and journals
serve as account of personal experiences. They are
synonymous but there is an important difference:
 A diary is precisely a record of personal or private

and daily experiences.
 A journal, depending on the context, could mean
a more universal record or logbook but more
importantly a technical journal, that is a scientific or
industry-related publication/periodical.
Poetry
is a type of literature that combines the sound and
meaning of language to create and express ideas and
feelings. The language of poetry which uses imagery and
figurative language closely related terms is very rich,
suggestive, and powerful. It is expressed in regimented
manner by the force of stanza, meter, rhyme, and other
regulating devices.
Three Types of Poetry
NARRATIVE
DRAMATIC
LYRIC
Narrative
is a poetry that tells stories
Epics
are lengthy poems that embody the adventures of
epic heroes and divine forces. They are the
oldest remaining form of poetry.
Examples: Biag ni Lam-ang, Epic of Gilgamesh,

Beowulf
Ballads
are narrative poems meant to be sung. They are
briefer than the epics and they usually tell stories
about a person. Because ballads started from the
common people, they use repetitive and
simple language as well as supernatural touches.
Example: Ballad to King Arthur

Dramatic
This poetry is written in verse and is meant to be spoken or acted out,
usually to tell a story or portray a situation. Most dramatic poetry is in the
form of dramatic monologues, which are long speeches by one actor to
another or the audience, or soliloquies, which are one’s thoughts spoken
out loud, regardless of whether anyone hears them or not.
Examples: The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe, Winter’s Tale by William

Shakespeare
Lyric
The most familiar of the three, is a brief poem that
articulates the poet’s thoughts and feeling. The word lyric
comes from the Greek word “rhein” which means lyre, a
harp-like musical instrument used by poets in ancient
Greece.
Haiku
one of the shortest lyric poems, is a Japanese
verse of 17 syllables arranged in three lines, the
first line has 5, the second 7, and the third 5.
Example: Haiku poems of Matsuo Basho

Ode
is a serious elaborate lyric poem full of high
praises and noble feelings usually about things.
Examples:
Ode to Evening by William Collins (1721-1759)
Ode to Tomatoes by Pablo Neruda
Elegy
is a poem of meditation on life and death. Many elegies
mourn the death of a famous person or a close friend.
Examples:
An Elegy Written on a Country Church Yard by Thomas Gray
In Memoriam A.H.H. by Alfred Lord Tennyson
Sonnet
is a 14-line lyric poem with a certain pattern of
rhyme and rhythm.
Examples:
How Do I Love Thee by Elizabeth Barrett Browning
(1806-1986) an English Poet
Sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare
Song
is a lyric poem intended to be sung.
Example:
Sound of Silence by Bob Dylan and Paul Simon
SHARE YOUR
THOUGHTS
“Imagination does not become great until human
beings, given the courage and the strength, use it
- Maria Montessori
to create.”
F o r y o u r
ch ro no u s
as y n o
s, k in d ly g
activ itie
C o u rs e in
to yo ur
Can v a s.
Thank you!

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21ST CENURY LITERATURE

FROM THE PHILIPPINES

is preserved and handed down from one generation

is more permanent than oral literature because it

To pass on ideas and values

Examples: Dead Stars by Paz Marquez Benitez,

Examples: Noli Me Tangere by Dr. Jose P. Rizal

Examples: Call Me Flory by Wilfredo Ma. Guerrero

Examples: Alamat ng Pinya,

Examples: The Monkey and the Turtle, The Ant

Example: Essays of Francis Bacon

 A diary is precisely a record of personal or private

Examples: Biag ni Lam-ang, Epic of Gilgamesh,

Example: Ballad to King Arthur

Examples: The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe, Winter’s Tale by William

Example: Haiku poems of Matsuo Basho

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