CBSE Class 12 Biology

Important Questions
Chapter 4
Reproductive Health

3 Marks Questions

​1. Give another name for sexually transmitted diseases. Name two sexually transmitted
diseases which are curable and two diseases which are not curable.

Ans. Veneral disease (VD)/Reproductive tract infection (RTI)

Curable : Syphilis, Gonorrhoea

Non Curable : Hepatitis B, AIDS, Genital herpes

2. Differentiate between Vasectomy and Tubectomy.

Ans.

Vasectomy Tubectomy

1. Method of sterilisation in
Method of sterilisation in
1. females.
males
2. Fallopian tube of both sides are
Vasa defferentia of both
2. cut and tied.
sides are cut and tied
3. Prevent movement of egg at
Prevents movement of
3. cut end.
sperms at cut end.

3. Name the techniques which are employed in following cases :

(a) Transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube of another
female who cannot produce ova but can provide suitable environment for fertilisation
and development.

Material downloaded from myCBSEguide.com. 1/5

(b) Embryo is formed in laboratory in which sperm is directly injected into ovum.

(c) Semen collected either from husband or a healthy donor is artificially introduced
either into vagina or uterus.

Ans. (a) Gamete intra fallopian transfer.

(b) Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection

(c) Intra uterine insemination.

4. Mention the various precautions one has to take in order to protect himself/herself
form STDs.

Ans. (i) Avoid blood transfusion from an infected person.

(ii) Avoid sex with an unknown partner or multiple partners.

(iii) Always use condom.

(iv) Avoid sharing of injections needles and syringes and surgical instruments.

5. What are the disturbing trends observed regarding MTP?

Ans. Majority MTP​s performed illegally by unqualified quacks, missuse for female foeticide.

6. Enlist any three causes of infertility in men and women.

Ans. Reasons for infertility in men and women are:

7. State the consequences of over population.

Ans. The consequences of overpopulation are :

An increase demand and therefore pressure on the natural resources.

An increase in the level of pollution.
More number of unemployment, poor infrastructure and pressure on the country’s
economy.

Material downloaded from myCBSEguide.com. 2/5

8. Differentiate between natality rate and mortality rate.

Ans.

Natality rate ( Birth rate) Mortality rate ( Death rate)

1. It is the number of births per one thousand 1. It is the number of deaths per one
individuals per year. thousand individuals per year.

2. It is the rate at which the new members are 2. it is the rates at which the
added to the population by reproduction. individuals die out.

3. It increases population size and population 3. It decreases population size and

density. population density.

9. Explain any one natural method of birth control.

Ans. One of the natural methods of birth control is Periodic abstinence or Rhythm method.
The couple avoids or abstains from coitus from day 10 to 17 of the menstrual cycle because
ovulation occurs during this period and therefore the period is highly fertile. The method is
based on the facts the ovum remains alive for 1-2 days and the sperm remains alive for about
3 days. The effectiveness of this method is limited as most of the women have irregular
menstrual cycle.

10. Give three differences between tubectomy and vasectomy.

Ans.

Vasectomy Tubectomy

1. It is a sterilization technique for

1. It is a sterilization technique for men.
women.

2. The two vasa differentia are cut and tied

2. The two oviducts are cut and tied up.
up.

3. Passage of sperms is prevented. 3. Passage of ova is prevented.

Material downloaded from myCBSEguide.com. 3/5

11. Describe the three manners in which fertilization of human ovum by sperm can be
prevented?

Ans. I. NATURAL METHODS : avoiding chances of meeting between the gametes.

1. Periodic Abstinence :-couples avoid coitus from 10-17th day of menstrual cycle when
ovulation is expected.
2. Lactational Amenorrhoea :- absence of menstruation during intense lactation.

II. BARRIER METHODS :- ovum & sperms are prevented from coming closer with the help of
barriers.

1. Condoms :- barriers made up of thin rubber or latex sheath to cover penis in makes or
cervix in females.
2. Diaphragms cervical caps :- made up of rubber & are reusable
3. Spermicidal creams along with these barriers

1. SURGICAL METHODS :- blocks transport of gametes & thereby conception.

1. Vasectomy :- small portion of vas deferens is removed or tied up through incision in

scrotum.
2. Tubectomy :- small portion of fallopian tube is removed or tied up through vagina.

12. Suggest some methods to assist infertile couples to have children?

Ans. Three are special techniques called Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) to help
infertile couples to have children:-

1. Test tube Baby Programme :- In this method, ova from wife or donor female & Sperm
from husband are allowed to fuse under simulated conditions in the laboratory it is
called In-vitro fertilization (IVF). The zygote is then transferred into uterus or fallopian
tube this process is called embryo transfer (ET)
2. Gamete Intra fallopian Transfer (GIFI) :- It involves transfer of an ovum collected from a
donor female into another female who cannot produce ova but can provide suitable
condition for fertilization

Material downloaded from myCBSEguide.com. 4/5

3. Artificial Insemination: - In this method semen is collected from the husband or a healthy
donor & is artificially introduced into vagina or uterus.

13. Briefly explain the various reproductive technologies to assist an infertile couple to
have children.

Ans. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) includes in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer

(IVF-ET), gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT), zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT), and
frozen embryo transfer (FET). These techniques also apply to oocyte donation and
gestational carriers. Approximately 99 percent of ART cycles performed are IVF-ET. IVF-ET
has helped many couples conceive successfully. ART may be recommended when other
treatments (such as intrauterine insemination) have not been successful or when there is
severe male factor infertility, severe endometriosis or tubal obstruction.

Material downloaded from myCBSEguide.com. 5/5