GNED 08-Lesson 3-The Self As Cognitive Construct

LESSON 3
THE SELF AS COGNITIVE

CONSTRUCT
LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. Identify the different ideas in psychology
about the “self”;
2. Create your own definition of the “self”
based on the definition of psychology; and
3. Analyze the effects of various factors
identified in psychology in the formation of
the “self”.
Cognitive construct
people construct their own understanding

and knowledge of the world through their
experiences and their reflections upon these
experiences.
“Self is the sense of personal identity
and of who we are as individuals”
- Jhangiani & Tarry, 2014
WILLIAM JAMES
One of the earliest psychologists to study the

self and conceptualized the self as having
two aspects – the “I” and the “Me”.
WILLIAM JAMES
“I”
The thinking, acting, and feeling self.

It reflects the self as a subject of experience.
WILLIAM JAMES
“ME”
The physical characteristics, as well as psychological

capabilities that makes you who you are.
It reflects the self as an object of experience.
CARL ROGERS
He believed that humans have one basic

motive, that is the tendency to self-actualize
- i.e., to fulfill one's potential and achieve the
highest level of 'human-beingness' we can.
Carl rogers
“I”
The one who acts and decides.

Carl rogers
“ME”
It is what you think or feel about yourself as

an object.
IDENTITY
It is composed of personal characteristics, social

roles, and responsibilities, as well as affiliations
that define who one is.
Self, identity , and self-
concept are not fixed in one
time frame.
They are not also fixed for life
nor are they ever-changing
at every moment.
Carl rogers
SELF-SCHEMA
Our organized system or collection of

knowledge about who we are.
Current researches point to the frontal lobe of
the brain as the specific area in the brain
associated with the process concerning the
self.
SIGMUND FREUD
He saw the self, its mental processes, and

one’s behavior as the results of the
interaction between the Id, the Ego, and
Superego.
Social interaction always has
a part to play in who we think
we are.
g.h. mead
SYMBOLIC INTRACTIONISM
The self is created and developed through

human interaction.
3 REASON WHY SELF AND IDENTITY ARE

SOCIAL PRODUCTS
1. We do not create ourselves out of nothing

3 REASON WHY SELF AND IDENTITY ARE

SOCIAL PRODUCTS
2. We need others to affirm and reinforce

who we think we are.
3 REASON WHY SELF AND IDENTITY ARE SOCIAL

PRODUCTS
3. What we think is important to us may also

have been influenced by what is important in
our social or historical context.
Social interaction and group affiliation are
vital factors in creating our self-concept
especially in the aspect of providing us with
our social identity or our perception of who
we are based on our membership to certain
groups.
SELF-AWARENESS
When we are aware of our self-concept

2 TYPES OF SELF-AWARENESS
1. Private Self – internal standards and

private thoughts and feelings
2 TYPES OF SELF-AWARENESS
2. Public Self – your public image commonly

geared toward having a good
presentation of yourself to others.
3 SELF-SCHEMA
1. Actual Self – it is who you are at the

moment
3 SELF-SCHEMA
2. Ideal Self – who you like to be

3 SELF-SCHEMA
3. Ought Self – who you think you should be.

SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS
Too much self-awareness that we are

concerned about being observed and
criticized by others.
DEINDIVIDUATION
The loss of individual self-awareness and

individual accountability in groups.
SELF-ESTEEM
It is our own positive or negative perception

or evaluation of ourselves.
SOCIAL COMPARISON THEORY
We learn about ourselves, the

appropriateness of our behaviors, as well as
our social status by comparing aspects of
ourselves with other people.
1. Downward Social Comparison – we

create a positive self-concept by
comparing ourselves with those who are
worse off than us.
2. Upward Social Comparison – comparing

ourselves with those who are better off
than us.
SELF-EVALUATION MAINTENANCE THEORY
We can feel threatened when someone

outperforms us, especially when that person
is close to us.
NARCISSISM
A trait that is characterized by overly high

self-esteem, self-admiration, and self-
centeredness.
End of
LESSON 3

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LESSON 3

THE SELF AS COGNITIVE

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

people construct their own understanding

One of the earliest psychologists to study the

The thinking, acting, and feeling self.

The physical characteristics, as well as psychological

He believed that humans have one basic

The one who acts and decides.

It is what you think or feel about yourself as

It is composed of personal characteristics, social

Our organized system or collection of

He saw the self, its mental processes, and

The self is created and developed through

3 REASON WHY SELF AND IDENTITY ARE

1. We do not create ourselves out of nothing

3 REASON WHY SELF AND IDENTITY ARE

2. We need others to affirm and reinforce

3 REASON WHY SELF AND IDENTITY ARE SOCIAL

3. What we think is important to us may also

When we are aware of our self-concept

1. Private Self – internal standards and

2. Public Self – your public image commonly

1. Actual Self – it is who you are at the

2. Ideal Self – who you like to be

3. Ought Self – who you think you should be.

Too much self-awareness that we are

The loss of individual self-awareness and

It is our own positive or negative perception

We learn about ourselves, the

1. Downward Social Comparison – we

2. Upward Social Comparison – comparing

We can feel threatened when someone

A trait that is characterized by overly high

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