HEALTH CARE DELIVERY

SYSTEM

1
 WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
 Diplomats formed the UN in 1945→ creation of global
health organization→ WHO
 Head quarters – GENEVA, SWITZERLAND
 147 country offices and 6 world regional offices for
Africa, America, Eastern mediterranean, Europe,
Southeast Asia, the West Pacific.
 The PHILIPPINES is a member of West Pacific region
which holds the office in Manila

2
 OBEJECTIVE: attainment by all peoples of the highest
possible level of health (WHO,2006)
 CORE FUNCTIONS:

1. Provide leadership on matters critical to health and

engaging partnerships where joint action is needed.
2. Shaping the research agenda and stimulating the
generation, translation and disseminating valuable
knowledge
3. Setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring
their implementation
4. Articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options
5. Providing technical support, catalysing change and building
sustainable institutional capacity. 3
THE PHILIPPINE HEALTH
CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM

4
5
 MAJOR PLAYERS
A. PUBLIC SECTOR
- largely financed through a tax-based budgeting system at both the
national and local levels and where health care is generally given for
free at the point of service
 NATIONAL LEVEL- Department of Health as lead agency
 LOCAL LEVEL- health system run by LGUs

B. PRIVATE SECTOR
- Largely market oriented and where health care is paid for through
user fees at the point of service
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 The
Health
Sector DOH
LGU

NGO/PS

Self-Reliant, Healthy Filipino

10/14/2023 7
 The PUBLIC Sector
1. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH- holds the overall technical
authority on health as it is a national health policy-maker and
regulatory institution
-Hold the main governing body of health services in the
country
Vision: Filipinos are among the healthiest people in Southeast
Asia by 2022, and Asia by 2040.
Mission: To Lead the country in the development of a
productive, resilient, equitable and people-centered health
system.
8
 PRINCIPLES TO ATTAIN THE VISION
OF DOH
 Equity: equal health services for all-no discrimination
 Quality: DOH is after the quality of service not the quantity
 Philosophy of DOH: “Quality is above quantity”
 Accessibility: DOH utilize strategies for delivery of health services

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 3 MAJOR FUNCTIONS/ROLES OF DOH
IN THE HEALTH SECTOR

 LEADERSHIP IN HEALTH
❑ National
health policy/Plans and programs – formulation,
monitoring and evaluation
❑ Regulatory institution and national policy – social welfare

❑ Advocates adoption of health policies, plans and programs

10/14/2023 10
2. ENABLER AND CAPACITY BUILDER

❑ INNOVATE new strategies to improve the effectiveness of health

programs
❑ ENSURE highest achievable standards of quality health care
❑ INITIATE public discussion on health issues and disseminate
policy research outputs to ensure informed public participation
in policy decision making
❑ OVERSEE implementation, monitoring and evaluation of
national health plans, programs and policies
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3. ADMINISTRATOR OF SPECIFIC SERVICES

❑ Manage selected national health facilities and hospitals:

a. National referral centers like special or tertiary
hospital
b. Referal centers for local health system like special or
tertiary hospital, CDC, training centers
❑ Administer direct services for emergent health concerns
that require new complicated technologies.

12
❑ Provide emergency health response services: referral and networking system for trauma,
injuries, epidemics, and widespread public danger, upon the direction of the president
and in consultation with the concerned LGU
❑ Administer special components of specific programs like:
a. Tuberculosis
b. Schistosomiasis
c. HIV-AIDS

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 DOH CORE VALUES
 INTEGRITY
 EXCELLENCE
 COMPASSION AND RESPECT TO HUMAN DIGNITY
 COMMITMENT
 PROFESSIONALISM
 TEAMWORK
 STEWARDSHIP OF THE HEALTH OF THE PEOPLE

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 DOH Programs
D – ental Health
O – perations for Environmental Sanitation
H – ealth Education and Community Organizing
P – revention and Control of Communicable Diseases
R – eproductive Health
O – lder Persons Health Services
G – uidelines for Nutrition
R – ehabilitation and Management of Non-communicable Dse.
A – lternative Health Care Practices (HerbalMeds/Acupressure)
M – aternal and Child Health and IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illness)
S – entrong Sigla Movement
LOCAL ENDEMIC DISEASE
EXPANDED PROGRAM OF IMMUNIZATION
MENTAL HEALTH PROMOTION 10/14/2023 15

ACCESS TO AND USE OF HOSPITALS

 LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE DELIVERY
 DOH administrative order 2012-0012→
CLASSIFICATION OF HOSPITALS AND OTHER HEALTH
FACILITIES IN HE PHILIPPINES
 HOSPITALS:
 GENERAL OTHER FACILITIES :
 LEVEL 1 A. Primary Care facility
B. Custodial care facility
 LEVEL 2 C. Diagnostic/ therapeutic facility
 LEVEL 3 D. Specialized outpatient facility
 SPECIALTY

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17
OTHER FACILITIES:
DOH administrative order 2012-0012
CATEGORY A: PRIMARY CARE FACILITY
- first contact health care facility that offers the basic
services including emergency services and provision of normal
deliveries
1. Without in patient beds like health centers, out-
patient clinics and dental clinics
2. With in-patient beds- patient can spend 1 to 2 days
before discharge—infirmaries and birthing center
(lying-in facilities)
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CATEGORY B: CUSTODIAL CARE
FACILITY
-provides long term care including
basic services like food and shelter, to
pts with chronic conditions requiring
ongoing health and nursing care.
- Custodial psychiatric facilities,
substance abuse tx and rehab centers,
sanitaria, leprosaria, nursing homes
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CATEGORY C: DIAGNOSTIC/THERAPEUTIC FACILITY
- Facility for the exam of human body,
specimens for diagnosis, txo f disease,or for water
drinking water analysis.
-CLASSIFICATIONS:
1. LABORATORY FACILITY – Clinical, HIV testing, blood service,
drug testing, newborn screening, drinking water analysis
2. RADIOLOGIC FACILITY –XRAY, CT scan, mammography, MRI,
UTZ
3. NUCLEAR MEDICINE FACILITY- utilizing application of
radioactive materials in diagnosis, tx and medical research
with the exception of the use of sealed radiation sources in
radiothearapy
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CATEGORY D: SPECIALIZED OUTPATIENT
FACILITY
- Facility that performs highly
specialized procedures on an outpatient
basis.
- Dialysis clinic, ambulatory surgical clinic,
cancer chemotherapy center, cancer
radiation facility, rehab center

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2. LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS (LGU)
- RA 7160 Local Government Code of 1991 (Decentralization
from NGO to LGU)
Amended by:
Setion 41(b) Amended by RA 8553
Setion 43 Amended by RA 8553
-the devolution of powers, functions and responsibilities to the
local government, both provincial and municipal as well as an
autonomous regional government and a metropolitan authority
DEVOLUTION- the act by which the National Government confers power
and authority upon the various LGUs to perform specific functions and
responsibilities, including provision and delivery of basic health services.

10/14/2023 22
 THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
PROVINCIAL GOVERNOR OF THE DOH AND LGUs AFTER DEVOLUTION
LEVEL
PROVINCIAL HEALTH
BOARD
PROVINCIAL HEALTH
OFFICE

PROVINCIAL DISTRICT OTHER HEALTH AND

HOSPITALS HOSPITALS MEDICAL FACILITIES

MUNICIPAL HEALTH
MUNICIPAL OFFICE
LEVEL
OFFICE OF THE MAYOR

MUNICIPAL HEALTH BOARD

MUNICIPAL HEALTH
OFFICE 23
RHU/HEATH CENTER BRGY HEALTH STATION
 Decentralization of health services –
 Local health boards- proposes annual budgetary
allocations for the operations of health services
within the locality

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 COMPOSITION OF LOCAL HEALTH BOARDS
PROVINCIAL MUNICIPAL
GOVERNOR- Chairperson of the MAYOR- Chairperson of the Local
Local Health Board Health Board

PROVINCIAL HEALTH OFFICER- MUNICIPAL HEALTH OFFICER-

Vice-Person Vice-Person

Chairman of the committee on Chairman of the committee on

health of the Sanguniang health of the Sanguniang
Panlalawigan Panlalawigan

DOH Representative DOH representative

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NGO Representative NGO Representative
 THREE STRATEGIES IN DELIVERING HEALTH SERVICES
(ELEMENTS)
 Creation of Restructured Health Care Delivery
System (RHCDS) regulated by PD 568 (1976)
 Management Information Systems regulated by R.A.
3753: Vital Health Statistics Law
 Primary Health Care (PHC) regulated by LOI 949
(1984): Legalization of Implementation of PHC in the
Philippines
27
OBJECTIVES OF LOCAL HEALTH SYSTEM
 Establish local health systems for effective and efficient delivery of
health care services
 Upgrade the health care management and service capabilities of
local health facilities
 Promote inter-LGU linkages and cost-sharing schemes, including
health care financing system for better utilization of local health
resources
 Foster participation of the private sector, NGOs and communities in
LHSs devt
 Ensure the quality of health service delivery at the local level

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DISTRICT HEALTH SYSTEM
 Defined by WHO as the smallest manageable unit.
 It refers to the first referral level; it should be close enough to
the community
 Includes:
 PHC facilities in the community
 Referral hospital
 Laboratory facilities
 Health office with full time health officer

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RURAL HEALTH UNIT (HEALTH CENTER )
 PRIMARY HEALTH LEVEL FACILITY IN THE MUNICIPALITY
 Focus on preventive and promotive
 pop’n ratio catchment : 1RHU : 20,000 POPULATION
 The BHS- First contact health care facility that offers basic health services at the
brgy. Level→ mannered by BHW under the supervision of RURAL HEALTH MIDWIFE

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 MIDWIFE
DISTRICT
HOSPITAL

HEALTH CENTER

REFERRAL SUPERVISION
FAMILY COMMUNITY

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3. THE PRIVATE SECTOR
- COMMERCIAL AND BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS
- Have a market orientation, and non business
organizations, which have a service orientation
- SOCIO-CIVIC GROUPS, ASSUMES THE
FOLLOWING ROLES:
 Policy and Legislative Advocates
 Comunnity Organizers, Human Rights Advocates
 Researchers and Documentators of impt health
issues
 Health Resource Development Personnel
 Relief and Disaster Management volunteers 32
 FINANCING HEALTH SERVICES

 THE GOVERNMENT ( NATIONAL AND

LOCAL )
 PRIVATE SOURCES
 SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE

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 PHILIPINE HEALTH INSURANCE
CORPORATION (PHILHEALTH) -
 National Health Insurance Act of 1995
(R.A.7875)
 A tax-exempt corporation attached to DOH
for policy coordination and guidance
 Aims for universal health coverage for all
Filipino citizen. (Congress of the RP, 1995a)
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 Private sector as a major player in the
HCDS
TYPE ORIENTATION EXAMPLES
COMMERCIAL/ PROFIT-ORIENTED Private
BUSINESS practitioners,
private clinics, and
laboratories
NON-COMMERCIAL SERVICE-ORIENTED Socio-civic groups,
religious
organizations, or
foundations
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 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE AS STRATEGY
WHO defined PHC as an essential health care made
universally accessible to individuals and families in the
community by means acceptable to them through their full
participation and at a cost that the community and country
can afford at every stage of development.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
 Everyone should be given equal access to health and
health services and that socio-economic devt will
not be realized without the health of the people as
one of the primary considerations for development
programs 10/14/2023
36
36
Framework

eHealth Vision
By 2020 eHealth will enable
People widespread access to health care
Empowerment
services, health information, and
“Health for All securely share and exchange
Filipinos by the patients’ information in support to a
Year 2000 and safer, quality health care, more
Health in the equitable and responsive health
Hands of the system for all the Filipino people by
People by transforming the way information is
2020” used to plan, manage, deliver and
monitor
Partnership

10/14/2023 37
PHC goal (in 1978):Health for all by the 2000
- This goal was declared in the ALMA ATA
CONFERENCE(USSR) during the 1st
international conference on phc held on
September 6-12, 1978, through the sponsorship
of WHO and UNICEF as a strategy to community
health development.
Philippines: Adopted through LOI 949 signed by President
Marcos on October 19, 1979 with the theme-
“Health in The Hands of the People by 2020”
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5 KEY ELEMENTS TO ACHIEVE THE GOAL
OF “HEALTH FOR ALL”
1. Reducing exclusion and social disparities in health
(UNIVERSAL COVERAGE)
2. Organizing health services around people’s needs
and expectations (HEALTH SERVICE REFORM)
3. Integrating health into all sectors (PUBLIC POLICY
REFORMS)
4. Pursuing collaborative models of policy dialogue
(LEADERSHIP REFORMS)
Increasing stakeholders participation
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5.
 FOCUS OF THE PHC APPROACH

Partnership with the community

Equitable distribution of health resources
Organized and appropriate health system infrastructure
Prevention of disease and promotion of health as focus
Linked multisectorally
Emphasis on appropriate technology

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 ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICES
LISTED BY ALMA ATA DECLARATION
Education for Health
Locally Endemic disease control
Expanded program for immunization
Maternal and Child health including responsible parenthood
Essential Drugs
Nutrition
Treatment of communicable and non communicable diseases
Safe water and sanitation
D ental Health Promotion
A ccess to and use of hospitals as Centers of Wellness
M ental Health Promotion
 KEY PRINCIPLES OF
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
1. Accessibility, Affordability, Acceptability, and Availability (4 A’s of PHC)
2. Support mechanisms
3. Multisectoral approach
4. Community participation
5. Equitable distribution of health resources
6. Appropriate technology

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 ACCESIBILITY- refers to the physical distance of
the health facility or the travel time required for
the people to get the needed or desired health
services.
-facilities must be within 30 minutes from the
communities
 AFFORDABILITY- The individual, family,
community and the government can afford to pay
for basic health services
- “out-of-pocket expenses
- government health insurance -PhilHealth
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 ACCEPTABILITY- the health care offered is in consonance with the prevailing
culture and traditions of the pop’n
 AVAILABILITY- the basic health services required by the people are offered in the
health care facilities or provided on a regular and organized manner

 BOTIKA SA BRGY -4as to drugs

 LIGTAS SA TIGDAS ANG PINAS –Mass measles 9immunization campaign (9mos to
below 8yo)

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2. SUPPORT MECHANISMS
 The sources for essential health services come from 3 entities:
 The people themselves
 The government
 The private sector ( NGOs AND SOCIOCIVIC AND
FAITH GROUPS)

- Health programs and projects provide better

output when these 3 entities are involved

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 3. MULTISECTORAL EFFORTS
 PHC requires communication, collaboration and cooperation within and among
various sectors
 INTRASECTORAL LINKAGES- refers to the communication, collaboration and
cooperation within the health sector: among the members of health team and
among health agencies
- 2 way referral system

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 INTERSECTORAL LINKAGES- refers to
the communication, collaboration and
cooperation between the health sector
and other sectors in society like
education, public works, agriculture,
and local government officials.
 E.g RABIES PREVENTION AND CONTROL
PROGRAM
-DOH,DA, DepEd, LGUs
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4. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
 Is an educational and empowering process in which people, in partnership with
those who Are able to assist them, identify the problems and needs and increasing
assume responsibilities themselves to plan, manage, control, and assess collective
actions that are proved necessary.
 Community organizing

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5. EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF HEALTH
RESOURCES
 PHC advocates for care that community-based and
preventive in orientation. It calls for an inventory and
analysis of HEALTH RESOURCES, FACILITIES and MANPOWER
 the DOH spearheading 2 programs to equitable distribution
of manpower to rural areas:
DOCTOR TO THE BARRIOS (DTTB)
PROGRAM -2 YEARS
NURSE DEPLOYMENT PROGRAM (NDP) – 1
YR
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 6. APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
 Refers to the technology that is suitable to the community
that will use it.
 People’s technology, Indigenous technology
CRITERIA FOR APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
1. SAFETY – minimal risk to the user and positive outcomes
outweighs unintended negative effects.
2. EFFECTIVENESS- should accomplish what it is meant to
accomplish
3. AFFORDABIITY – cost effective – health promotion and dse
prevention versus treatment of disease

50
 CRITERIA FOR APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
4. SIMPLICITY- readily available simple materials and involves simpler process that
can easily adopt by the community people.
5. ACCEPTABILITY- effective only when it is used by those who need it.
6. FEASIBILITY AND RELIABILITY –must be easy to apply considering the people’s
natural setting like home, school, workplace and community.

51
 CRITERIA FOR APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
7. ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS –effects on ecology is considered
8. POTENTIAL TO CONTRIBUTE TO INDIVIDUAL AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT –
promote self sufficiently on the part of using it

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APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
 TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE HEALTH CARE
- R.A. 8423- TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE
MEDICINE ACT OF 1997
- promote and advocate the use of
traditional and alternative health care modalities
through scientific research and product devt
 10 MEDICINAL PLANTS endorsed by DOH
 ALTERNATIVE HEALTH CARE MODALITIES

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 AS A SERVICE DELIVERY POLICY OF THE DOH
permeates all strategies and thrusts of govt health
programs from the national to the local and
community levels

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 DIMENSION COMMERCIALIZED HC PHC

GOAL Absence of disease for the Prevention of disease

individual Socio-economic development
FOCUS OF CARE Sick Sick and well individuals

SETTING FOR SERVICES Hospital-based Satellite health centers

Urban-centered Community health centers
Accessible to few people Rural based
Accessible to all
PEOPLE Passive recipients of health Active participants in the health care

STRUCTURE Health is isolated from the other Inter and intra- sectoral linkages
sectors of society allows health to be integrated with
overall socio-economic development
efforts

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PROCESS Decision making from top Decision making from
to bottom bottom to top

TECHNOLOGY Curative services based on Promotive and preventive

modern medicine and services blend with traditional
sophisticated technology medicine with modern
physician-dominated medicine
Appropriate technology for
frontine health care
OUTCOME Reliance on health People empowerment or self
professionals reliance

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 LEVELS OF PHC WORKERS
 VILLAGE/GRASSROOT/ BHWs
- trained community health workers, health
auxiliary volunteers or traditional birth attendants or
healers
 INTERMEDIATE LEVEL HEALTH WORKERS
- general medical practitioners or their assistants,
PH nurses, rural sanitary inspectors, and midwives

57
 THREE LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE SERVICES
and the 2 WAY REFERRAL SYSTEM

PRIMARY
-first contact between the community people and different
levels of health facility

-RHU,COMMUNITY HOSPITALS AND

HEALTH CENTERS, PRIVATE
PRACTITIONERS, BHS
 THREE LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE
SERVICES the 2 WAY REFERRAL SYSTEM
SECONDARY
-rendered by physicians with basic health trainings in district hospitals and city
hospitals.
- Capable of basic surgical procedures and simple laboratory examinations

-Provincial/city health services/

-Provincial/city hospitals
-Emergency/ district hospitals
- SERVES AS A REFERRAL CENTER OF PH facilities
 THREE LEVELS OF HEALTH CARE
SERVICES the 2 WAY REFERRAL SYSTEM

TERTIARY
-rendered by SPECIALISTS in medical centers, regional hospitals,
and specialized hospitals such as lung center of the phils.
- REGIONAL MEDICAL CENTERS AND TRAINING HOSPITALS
- -NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES AND TRAINING AND TEACHING HOSPITALS
- -serves as a referral center of secondary health facilities
 HEALTH PROMOTION AND LEVELS
OF DISEASE PREVENTION
1. HEALTH PROMOTION- directed
towards healthy individuals or population,
focusing on the prevention of the emergence of risk factors.
-→ enhance resources directed at improving well being
 Applicable to the following levels:
 INDIVIDUAL – increasing the awareness on the importance of a healthy
lifestyle, providing health education on its maintenance and giving support to
sustain change of behaviour towards health lifestyle and good personal habit

 FAMILY- Soliciting support from the family for the lifestyle changes by changing their
beliefs and practices

 COMMUNITY- deals with making healthy lifestyle behaviour a norm in the community
 ENVIRONMENT- Promotion of proper environmental sanitation and the reduction
of pollution
EXAMPLES OF HEALTH PROMOTION:

PROPER NUTRITION, REGULAR

EXERCISE, VECTOR CONTROL,
PROVISION OF SAFE WATER
SUPPLY, AND WASTE DISPOSAL
SYSTEM
 PRIMARY LEVEL OF DISEASE
PREVENTION
 Prevention of problems before they occur
 Directed towards people who are at risk of developing disease
 PRIMARY LEVEL OF DISEASE
PREVENTION
 EXAMPLES:

IMMUNIZATION, FOOD
SUPPLEMENTATION, AND
MALARIA CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS
 SECONDARY LEVEL OF DISEASE
PREVENTION
 Directed towards individuals in the subclinical stage, asymptomatic stage of
disease
 Aims to diagnose and treat existing health problems at earliest possible time
and to limit disabilities attributed to it.
 Early detection and prevention
 SECONDARY LEVEL OF DISEASE
PREVENTION
 EXAMPLES:

Screening, casefinding,
surveillance, and treatment of
communicable diseases
 TERTIARY LEVEL OF DISEASE
PREVENTION
 Directed towards individuals in A PATHOGENIC stage of disease
 DEALS WITH THE REDUCTION OF THE MAGNITUDE AND SEVERITY OF RESIDUAL
EFFECTS OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASE AND NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
 Correction and prevention of deterioration of a disease state.
 TERTIARY LEVEL OF DISEASE
PREVENTION
 EXAMPLES:

REHABILITATION OF POST
STROKE PATIENT, CONTROL OF
SPREAD OF MEASLES/ DENGUE
DURING AN EPIDEMIC
UNIVERSAL HEALTH
CARE
 UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE (UHC), ALSO
REFERRED TO AS KALUSUGAN
PANGKALAHATAN (KP)
 is the “provision to every Filipino of
the highest possible quality of health
care that is accessible, efficient,
equitably distributed, adequately
funded, fairly financed, and
appropriately used by an informed and
empowered public”
 The Aquino administration puts it as the
availability and accessibility of health
services and necessities for all Filipinos.
 It is a government mandate aiming to
ensure that every Filipino shall receive
affordable and quality health
benefits.This involves providing adequate
resources – health human resources,
health facilities, and health financing.
UHC’S THREE THRUSTS
 1) Financial risk protection through expansion in enrollment and benefit
delivery of the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP);
 2) Improved access to quality hospitals and health care facilities; and
 3) Attainment of health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
1. FINANCIAL RISK PROTECTION

 Protection from the financial impacts of health care is attained by making any
Filipino eligible to enroll, to know their entitlements and responsibilities, to
avail of health services, and to be reimbursed by PhilHealth with regard to
health care expenditures.
2. IMPROVED ACCESS TO QUALITY
HOSPITALS AND HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
 Improved access to quality hospitals and health
facilities shall be achieved in a number of
creative approaches.
 First, the quality of government-owned and
operated hospitals and health facilities is to be
upgraded to accommodate larger capacity, to
attend to all types of emergencies, and to handle
non- communicable diseases.
 The Health Facility Enhancement Program (HFEP) shall provide funds to
improve facility preparedness for trauma and other emergencies. The aim of
HFEP was to upgrade 20% of DOH- retained hospitals, 46% of provincial
hospitals, 46% of district hospitals, and 51% of rural health units(RHUs) by end
of 2011.
3. ATTAINMENT OF HEALTH-RELATED
MDGS
 Further efforts and additional resources are to be applied on
public health programs to reduce maternal and child
mortality, morbidity and mortality from Tuberculosis and
Malaria, and incidence of HIV/AIDS. Localities shall be
prepared for the emerging disease trends, as well as the
prevention and control of non- communicable diseases.
 The organization of Community Health Teams (CHTs) in each
priority population area is one way to achieve health-related
MDGs. CHTs are groups of volunteers, who will assist families
with their health needs, provide health information, and
 THE MILLENNIUM
DEVELOPMENTAL GOAL
 THE MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
 SEPTEMBER 6-8, 2000- world leaders of UN
General Assembly participated in Millennium
Summit→ resolution→ UNITED NATIONS
MILLENNIUM DECLARATION (UN,2013)
 191members expressed their commitment
to reduce the extreme poverty and achieve
seven other targets

78
 THE MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS
GOAL 1 : ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER
Target : Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income
is less than one dollar a day
Target : Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer
from hunger

79
GOAL 2: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY
EDUCATION

 Target : Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be
able to complete a full course of primary schooling
GOAL 3: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY
AND EMPOWER WOMEN

 Target: Eliminate gender disparity in

primary and secondary education
preferably by 2005 and to all levels of
education no later than 2015
GOAL 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY

 Target: Reduce by two-thirds,

between 1990 and 2015, the under-
five mortality rate
GOAL 5: IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH
 Target : Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality
ratio
6. COMBAT HIV/AIDS , MALARIA AND OTHER
DISEASES.
Targets:
a. halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
b. achieve, by 2010, universal access to tx of HIV/AIDS for all those who need it.
c. Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread the incidence of malaria and
other major disease

84
 GOAL 7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL
SUSTAINABILITY
Target :
A. Integrate the principles of sustainable
development into country policies and
programmes and reverse the loss of
environmental resources
B. Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people
without sustainable access to safe drinking
water
C. By 2020, to have achieved a significant
improvement in the lives of at least 100
million slum dwellers 85
GOAL 8: DEVELOP A GLOBAL
PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT
Target :
A. Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable,
nondiscriminatory trading and financial system
B. Address the special needs of the least developed
countries
C. Address the special needs of landlocked countries
and small island developing States
D. Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of
developing countries through national and
international measures in order to make debt
sustainable in the long term
*five are not considered as strictly health issues (1,2,3,7,8)- goals toward
upgrading socioeconomic conditions (health determinants )