INFLUENCE LINES

ENGR. BON RYAN ANIBAN

 Influence Line Diagram for Beam
• Shows Reaction/ Shear/ Moment at only one point but different position loadings
• Shows also the location where maximum response might occur

Muller-Breslau’s Principle
• States that the influence function of a particular variable is proportional to the elastic curve function which can be drawn by
releasing the restrain on the particular variable and impose a unit deformation in the direction of the variable provided no
boundary condition is violated

Procedure of Analysis
 From the given structure remove the restraint corresponding to
the response function whose influence line is desired to obtain
the released structure.
 Apply a small displacement (or rotation) to the released
structure at the location and in the positive direction of the
response function. Draw a deflected shape of the released
structure that is consistent with the support and continuity
conditions of the released structure to obtain the general
shape of the influence line. (Remember that the influence lines
for statically determinate structures consist only of straight-
line segments.) If only a qualitative influence line is desired,
then end the analysis at this stage.
 InflueNce Line Diagram for BEam
Draw the Influence diagrams for RB, RC, VD, MD If wDL=1.2 kN/m , wLL=0.35 kN/m and PLL = 8kN
Det the RBmax, RCmax, VDmax, MDmax

A B D C
8 kN
𝟗
2m 3m 4m 𝐑𝐁𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 8 (𝟗/𝟕) + 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓 (𝟏/𝟐)( )(𝟗)
𝟕
𝟗
wLL=0.35 +𝟏. 𝟐(𝟏/𝟐)( )(𝟗)
𝟕
wDL=1.2 𝐑𝐁𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟐𝟓𝟒 𝐤𝐍
ILD 9/7
RB A B D C
8 kN
𝐑𝐂𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 8 (𝟏) + 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓(𝟏/𝟐)(𝟏)(𝟕)
wLL=0.35 +𝟏. 𝟐(𝟏/𝟐)(𝟏)(𝟕) +𝟏. 𝟐(𝟏/𝟐)(−𝟐/𝟕)(𝟐)
ILD 1 wDL=1.2 𝐑𝐂𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟎𝟖𝟐 𝐤𝐍
RC -2/7 A B D C

𝐑𝐂𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 8(𝟒/𝟕) + 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓(𝟏/𝟐)(𝟐/𝟕)(𝟐)

8 kN
2/7 + 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓(𝟏/𝟐)(𝟒/𝟕)(𝟒)
4/7 wLL=0.35 wLL=0.35 +𝟏. 𝟐(𝟏/𝟐)(𝟐/𝟕)(𝟐)+𝟏. 𝟐 (𝟏/𝟐)(𝟒/𝟕)(𝟒)
ILD +𝟏. 𝟐(𝟏/𝟐)(−𝟑/𝟕)(𝟑)
VD wDL=1.2
A B D C 𝐕𝐃𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟔. 𝟎𝟏𝟒 𝐤𝐍
- 3/7

12/7 8 kN 𝐑𝐂𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 8(𝟏𝟐/𝟕)+ 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓(𝟏/𝟐)(𝟏𝟐/𝟕)(𝟕)

wLL=0.35 +𝟏. 𝟐(𝟏/𝟐)(𝟏𝟐/𝟕)(𝟕)+𝟏. 𝟐(𝟏/𝟐)(−𝟖/𝟕)(𝟐)
ILD
MD wDL=1.2 𝑴𝐃𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟔𝟒𝟐 𝐤𝐍 − 𝐦
-8/7 A B D C
 InflueNce Line Diagram for trus
Draw the Influence diagrams for member BH

A B C D E

1
3m

F G H I J
2m 2m 2m 2m x Unit FBH
0 0
RFV

ΣMj ↻+ = 0 RFV (8) − 1(8)= 0

RFV = 1

A B C
FBH
1 𝟏𝟑
3
2
F G H
2m

RFV

ΣFV ↑= 0 1 − 𝟏 +FBH (𝟑/ 𝟏𝟑)= 𝟎

FBH = 0
 InflueNce Line Diagram for trus
Draw the Influence diagrams for member BH

A B C D E

1
3m

F G H I J
2m 2m 2m 2m x Unit FBH
0 0
RFV 2 - 0.300

ΣMj ↻+ = 0 RFV (8) − 1(6)= 0

RFV = 0.75

A B C
FBH
1 𝟏𝟑
3
2
F G H
2m

RFV

ΣFV ↑= 0 0.75− 𝟏 +FBH (𝟑/ 𝟏𝟑)= 𝟎

FBH = 0.300 C
 InflueNce Line Diagram for trus
Draw the Influence diagrams for member BH

A B C D E

1
3m

F G H I J
2m 2m 2m 2m x Unit FBH
0 0
RFV 2 - 0.300
4 0.601
ΣMj ↻+ = 0 RFV (8) − 1(4)= 0
RFV = 0.5

A B C
FBH

𝟏𝟑
3

G 2
F H
2m

RFV

ΣFV ↑= 0 0.5 −FBH (𝟑/ 𝟏𝟑)= 𝟎

FBH = 0.601 T
 Influence Line Diagram for truSs
Draw the Influence diagrams for member BH

A B C D E

1
3m

F G H I J
2m 2m 2m 2m x Unit FBH
0 0
RFV 2 - 0.300
4 0.601
ΣMj ↻+ = 0 RFV (8) − 1(2)= 0
6 0.300
RFV = 0.25
8 0
A B C
FBH

𝟏𝟑
3

G 2
F H
2m

RFV

ΣFV ↑= 0 0.25 −FBH (𝟑/ 𝟏𝟑)= 𝟎

FBH = 0.300 T
 InflueNce Line Diagram for trusS
Draw the Influence diagrams for member BH Determine the maximum response of BH due to the following loadings
If wLL = 25 kN/m
A B C D E
PLL = 50 kN/m
1
3m

F G H I J
2m 2m 2m 2m x Unit FBH
0 0
RFV 2 - 0.300
4 0.601
50 kN
6 0.300
8 0

wLL=25

𝐅𝐁𝐇𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 50(𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝟏)+ 𝟐𝟓 (𝟏/𝟐)(𝟓. 𝟑𝟑𝟒)(𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝟏)

0.601
2.666 0.300
2-x 𝐅𝐁𝐇𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟏 𝐤𝐍 𝐓

5.334
- 0.300
 InflueNce Line Diagram for truss
Draw the Influence diagrams for member BH Determine the maximum response of BH due to the following loadings
If wLL = 25 kN/m
A B C D E
PLL = 50 kN/m
1
3m

F G H I J
2m 2m 2m 2m x Unit FBH
0 0
RFV 2 - 0.300
4 0.601
50 kN
6 0.300
0 0

wLL=25

𝐅𝐁𝐇𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 50(𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝟏)+ 𝟐𝟓 (𝟏/𝟐)(𝟓. 𝟑𝟑𝟒)(𝟎. 𝟔𝟎𝟏)

0.601
2.666 0.300
2-x 𝐅𝐁𝐇𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟗 𝐤𝐍 (𝐓)

𝐅𝐁𝐇𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 50(−𝟎. 𝟑) + 𝟐𝟓 (𝟏/𝟐)(𝟐. 𝟔𝟔𝟔)(−𝟎. 𝟑)

x
𝐅𝐁𝐇𝐦𝐚𝐱 = −𝟐𝟒. 𝟗𝟗𝟖
5.334 𝐅𝐁𝐇𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟗𝟗𝟖 𝐤𝐍 (𝐂)
- 0.300
 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM MOMENT ON BEAMS
Determine the maximum moment of a simply supported beam 30 Procedure
ft in length under the given axle loads. Distance between axle = 8 ft
1. Determine the magnitude and location of
the resultant R of the given loads
cL 2. Assume maximum moment occurs under P1
1.6 kips 3. Position P1 and R equidistant from the of
1.2 kips 0.4 kips
2’ 6’ centerline the beam
8’ 4. Compute the moment under the load P1
5. Assume maximum moment occurs under P2
A C 6. Position P2 and R equidistant from the
30’ centerline of the beam
7. Compute the moment under the load P2
 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM MOMENT ON BEAMS
Determine the maximum moment of a simply supported beam 30 Procedure
ft in length under the given axle loads. Distance between axle = 8 ft
1. Determine the magnitude and location of
the resultant R of the given loads
cL 2. Assume maximum moment occurs under P1
1.6 kips 3. Position P1 and R equidistant from the of
1.2 kips 0.4 kips
2’ 6’ centerline the beam
8’ 4. Compute the moment under the load P1
5. Assume maximum moment occurs under P2
A C 6. Position P2 and R equidistant from the
30’ centerline of the beam
7. Compute the moment under the load P2
RAV = 0.747 kips
MUnder 1.2 cons left =0.747 (𝟏𝟒)
=10.4548 kip-ft
 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM MOMENT ON BEAMS
Determine the maximum moment of a simply supported beam 30 Procedure
ft in length under the given axle loads. Distance between axle = 8 ft
1. Determine the magnitude and location of
the resultant R of the given loads
cL 2. Assume maximum moment occurs under P1
1.6 kips
1.2 kips 0.4 kips 3. Position P1 and R equidistant from the of
2’ 6’ centerline the beam
8’ 4. Compute the moment under the load P1
5. Assume maximum moment occurs under P2
A C 6. Position P2 and R equidistant from the
30’ centerline of the beam
7. Compute the moment under the load P2
RCV = 0.64 kips

MUnder 1.2 cons left = 0.747(𝟏𝟒)

= 10.4548 kip-ft

MUnder 0.4 cons right = 0.64 (𝟏𝟐)

= 7.68 kip-ft