United States Patent (19) 11 4,290,070

Tanaka et al. 45) Sep. 15, 1981

(54) MAGNETC LOOP ANTENNA WTH 56 References Cited
DAMAGNETIC PROPERTIES
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
(75) Inventors: Osamu Tanaka, 16-37, 5-chome 2,748,386 5/1956 Polydoroff.......................... 343/787
Yoshida Higashi Osaka, Osaka; 3,495,264 2/1970 Spears ................................. 343/788
Nobuo Nakano, Kashiwara; Toyoaki Primary Examiner-David K. Moore
Fukui, Osaka, all of Japan Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Koda and Androlia
(73) Assignee: Osamu Tanaka, Osaka, Japan 57 ABSTRACT
(2i) Appl. No.: 78,761 An antenna including a first elongated magnetic men
ber having at least one diamagnetic portion and a first
22) Filed: Sep. 25, 1979 magnetic pole orientation, a second elongated magnetic
member having at least one diamagnetic portion and a
Related U.S. Application Data second magnetic pole orientation opposite to the first
Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 37,939, May 9, 1979, magnetic pole orientation and provided adjacent and
.63 parallel to first elongated magnetic member, a pair of
abandoned,
third elongated magnetic members connecting the ends
(51) Int. Cl................................................. G09F9/00 of the first and second elongated members to form a
(52) U.S. C. .................................... 343/788; 343/787; magnetic loop and a coil wound on each of the first and
343/866 second elongated magnetic members.
(58 Field of Search ............... 343/787, 788,842, 867,
343/866 4 Claims, 8 Drawing Figures
U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 1981 Sheet 1 of 3 4,290,070

B(xio GAUSS)
2

O.8

O 47 o o so so
I (xio Amperes)
i

(b)

t
U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 1981 Sheet 2 of 3 4,290,070
U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 1981 Sheet 3 of 3 4,290,070
 1.
4,290,070
2
rial such as carbon or bismuth. A coil is wound around
MAGNETIC LOOP ANTENNA WITH the magnetic amplifying element 1.
DAMAGNETIC PROPERTIES The magnetic amplifying element 1 exhibits a phe
nomenal amplifying effect when subjected to high-fre
CROSS REFERENCE quency excitation. From experimentation the following
This is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. characteristics have been determined by the present
037,939 filed May 9, 1979 which is now abandoned. inventor. As is shown by the solid line in FIG. 2(a), a
change in microcurrent i (FIG. 2(b)) is manifested by a
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION. change in magnetic flux density g (FIG. 2(c)). Specifi
1. Field of the Invention 10 cally, it has been determined that a change in microcur
This invention relates to antennas and more particu rent i on the order of 10-8 amperes results in a change
in magnetic flux density g on the order of 102 gauss.
larly to antennas including magnetic elements.
2. Prior Art Furthermore, the characteristics shown in FIG. 2 are
In the prior art there exists many types of antennas. 15 those
10
for the situation where the exciting coil consists of
turns and it is wound around a flat bar-shaped mag
Such antennas include Yagi, Beams, etc. Each of the netic amplifying element 1 in which the magetic ampli
antennas of the prior art is essentially a passive device fying element 1 is a permanent magnet with a high
and contains or includes no amplifying function. manganese content and a flux density of 470 gauss and
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION a single carbon diamagnetic part 12 is utilized.
Accordingly, it is a general object of the present 20 Furthermore, as is shown in FIG. 3, the antenna
invention to provide an antenna which is not passive winding element 10 used in the present invention is formed by
and includes an amplifying function. a director coil 2 around the magnetic amplify
In keeping with the principles of the present inven ing element 1. In FIG. 4 is illustrated an equivalent
tion, the objects are accomplished by a unique antenna 25 circuit. As shown therein an LC resonant circuit is
including a first elongated magnetic member having at formed by the magnetic amplifying element 1 and the
director coil 2. Of course, the L and C values can be
least one diamagnetic portion and a first magnetic pole adjusted by adjusting the number of turns of the direc
orientation, a second elongated magnetic member hav tor coil 2 and the length of the diamagnetic part 12.
ing at least one diamagnetic portion and a second mag Adjustment can also be effected by connecting an ad
netic pole orientation opposite to that of the first mag 30 justing capacitor 4 to both ends of the direct coil 2 as
netic pole orientation and provided adjacent and paral indicated by the broken line in FIG. 4. As a result, it is
lel to the first elongated magnetic member, a pair of possible to vary the transmitting and receiving fre
third elongated magnetic members connecting the ends quency characteristics. An amplifying circuit 52 is
of the first and second elongated members to form a formed by the magnetic amplifying element 1 and a
magnetic loop and a coil wound on each of the first and 35 feedback LC circuit 53 is formed by lines of magnetic
second elongated magentic members. Furthermore, the force in the air.
lines of magnetic force in the third members connect The principle of operation of the above-described
with the lines of magnetic force in the first and second antenna element 10 is surmised to be as follows: The
members.
microcurrent is transmitted or received by the director
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS coil 2 is amplified by the magnetic amplifying element 1
The above-mentioned features and objects of the and the amplifying effect is heightened by the feedback
effect of the feedback LC circuit 53.
present invention will become more apparent with ref. Referring to FIG. 5, shown therein is an antenna
erence to the following description taken in conjunction according
with the accompanying drawings wherein like refer 45 tenna of theto present the teachings of this invention. The an
invention is formed by arranging
ence numerals denote like elements, and in which: magnetic amplifying elements 1 into a rectangular
FIG. 1 illustrates a magnetic amplifying member used frame or loop 30 as is described below. In particular,
in the present invention; two of the above-described antenna elements 10 are
FIG. 2 illustrates the characteristics of the magnetic provided so that the magnetic fields of the elements 10
amplifying element of FIG. 1; 50 are oriented in opposite direction and the longitudinal
FIG. 3 illustrates an antenna element in accordance axes of the elements 10 are parallel to each other. Two
with the teachings of the present invention; magnetized coupling members 20 are laterally installed
FIG. 4 illustrates an equivalent circuit of the antenna at both ends of the two antenna elements 10 so that the
element of FIG. 3; magnetic lines of force 14 of the coupling magnetic
FIG. 5 illustrates an antenna in accordance with the 55 members 20 connect perpendicularly with the magnetic
teachings of the present invention; lines of force 13 of the magnetic amplifying elements 1.
FIGS. 6a & 6b illustrate the principle of operation of If the antenna is constructed as described above, the
the antenna of FIG. 5; and magnetic lines of force of the two magnetic amplifying
FIG. 7 illustrates an equivalent circuit of the antenna elements 1 circle the rectangular frame 30. As a result,
of FIG. 5. 60 the two magnetic amplifying elements 1 are connected
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE in series. Furthermore, a feedback function is performed
INVENTION by the magnetic lines of force 14' which are among the
magnetic lines of force 14 of the coupling magnetic
Referring to FIG. 1, shown therein is a magnetic members 20 and which do not connect with the mag
amplifying element 1. The magnetic amplifying element 65 netic lines of force 13 in the magnetic amplifying ele
1 is formed by providing one or more diamagnetic parts ments. 1. 1. . . '
at fixed intervals in the magnetic field of a magnetic part It has been determined that it is possible to obtain an
11. The diamagnetic part 12 may be made from a mate antenna whose degree of amplification is much higher
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than that of one utilizing a single antenna element 10. In -continued
FIG. 6 is illustrated this principle. When the magnetic Conditions
amplifying elements 1 are excited by the director coils
2, magnetic lines of force 13 of the magnetic amplifying Diamagnetic parts 12: Carbon (thickness (X):
elements 1 increase or decrease in accordance with the approximately 3 mm)
Director coils: 2 turns
microcurrent flowing through the director coils 2. Ac Size: Length 7.3 cm; width 4 cm
cordingly, the magnetic lines of force 14 of the coupling Width (Y) of magnetic amplifying
elements 1 and
magnetic members 20, which connect with the mag magnetic members 20: 1.2 cm
netic lines of force 13, also increase or decrease. As a
result, the magnetic lines of force 14 which extend into O
the air from the magnetic feedback member 20 increase
or decrease and produce a feedback effect. MEASUREMENT RESULTS
Referring to FIG. 7, shown therein is an equivalent A receiving sensitivity of 180 decibels and an ex
circuit of the antenna of FIG. 5. In FIG. 7, LC resonant tremely low ghost range were obtained in a weak elec
circuits 51 and 51' are formed by the director coils 2 and 5 tric field region in which the receiving sensitivity of a
the magnetic amplifying elements 1. Amplifiers 52 and Yagi antenna was only 30 decibels. The fact that the
52 are formed by the magnetic amplifying elements 11 antenna provided in accordance with the teachings of
and the LC feedback circuits 53 and 53. With regard to the present invention thus exhibits phenomenal trans
input terminals for transmission or output terminals for mitting and receiving sensitivities results from the fact
reception, it is possible to use both terminals T and T of 20 that two magnetic amplifying elements which have an
the two director coils 2 connected in parallel or to use amplifying function are used. Other factors which pre
just one of the two coils or sets of terminals T and T. sumably affect the transmitting and receiving levels are
However, to increase the effectiveness of the the size of the antenna frame 30, the width Y of the
abovedescribed antenna, the following condition should magnetic amplifying elements 1 and the feedback mag
be satisfied: 25 netic members 20, the number of turns of the director
(1) In order to eliminate distortion, the two antenna coil 2, etc. The transmitting receiving levels rise with an
elements 10 and the two coupling magnetic members 20 increase in the size of the antenna frame 30, with an
should be made of the same material (i.e. should have increase in the width Y of the magnetic amplifying
identical characteristics). elements 1 and the coupling magnetic members 20 and
(2) The effect of the invention can be increased by with an increase in the number of turns of the director
constructing a flat rectangular frame 30 using magnetic coils 2.
amplifying elements 1 and coupling magnetic members Furthermore, factors which presumably affect the
20 which are flat in cross section (i.e. flat in a section transmitting and receiving frequency characteristics are
perpendicular to the magnetic field of the part in ques the thickness of the diamagnetic members 12 the num
tion). As a result of such a construction, the transmitting 35 ber of turns of the director coils 2, the length of the
and receiving sensitivities are stronger since the antenna coupling magnetic members 20, etc. The high fre
elements 10 are flat; furthermore, the feedback effect is quency characteristics improve with an increase in the
increased with the increase in the density of the mag thickness of the diamagnetic members 12 and a decrease
netic flux oriented in the same direction. in a number of turns of the director coils 2. In particular,
(3) The coupling magnetic member 20 should be 40 the frequency characteristics of the antenna of the pres
installed on the outside of both ends of the magnetic ent invention are set by the resonance frequencies of the
amplifying elements 11 (see FIG. 5). Specifically, this is LC resonant circuits 53 and 53' of the equivalent circuit
done in order to ensure sufficient connection of the of FIG. 7.
magnetic lines of force 13 and 14 (as shown in FIG. In addition, the antenna of the present invention is
6(a)) so that a sufficient series connection of the two very directional. Generally, the directivity angle of a
45
antenna elements 10 is obtained. If, for example, the Yagi antenna is 60 or more. With the present invention,
coupling magnetic members 20 are installed inside the however, experimental results indicate a directivity
angle of less than 40'. It should be apparent to one
antenna elements 10 (as shown in FIG. 6(b)), only a skilled
portion of the magnetic lines of force 13 of the two 0 merelyinillustrative
the art that the above described embodiment is
antenna elements 10 connect with the magnetic lines of 5 cific embodiments of but one of the many possible spe
force 14. As a result, the series connection effect is the principles of thewhich represent the application of
present invention. Numerous and
reduced and the effect of the invention is insufficient.
varied other arrangements can be readily devised by
(4) Furthermore, various experiments have indicated those skilled in the art without departing
that maximum effectiveness can be obtained by using 55 and scope of the invention. from the spirit
permanent magnets with a high manganese content and Furthermore, since the magnetic members of this
a magnetic flux density of approximately 500 gauss for
the magnetic members 11 used in the magnetic amplify invention
simply
are all the simple stick type, the frame can be
built and the coil can be wound easily. This
ing elements 1 and the coupling magnetic members 20 results in a less
and by using carbon for the diamagnetic members 12. 60 We claim: costly structure.
Described below are measurements for an antenna in
accordance with the teachings of the present invention 1. An antenna comprising:
which describes the conditions listed below. a first elongated magnetic antenna member having a
first magnetic pole orientation, said first elongated
magnetic member comprising an elongated mem
Conditions 65 ber made from magnetic material and at least one
Magnetic parts 11 and 20: Permanent magnets with a diamagnetic portion provided in the magnetic ma
magnetic flux density of terial and separating the magnetic material into at
approximately 470 gauss least two portions;
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a second elongated antenna member having a second the third members connect with the lines of the
magnetic pole orientation opposite to the first mag magnetic force in the first and second members;
netic pole orientation and provided adjacent and and
parallel to the first elongated magnetic member, a coil wound on each of said first and second elon
said second elongated magnetic member compris 5 gated magnetic members.
ing an elongated member made from magnetic 2. An antenna according to claim 1 wherein the mag
material, and at least one diamagnetic portion pro netic loop is in the shape of a rectangle.
vided in the magnetic material and separating the 3. An antenna according to claim 2 wherein the first,
magnetic material into at least two portions; p1 a second and third members are flat in cross section.
pair of third elongated magnetic members connect 10 4. An antenna according to claim 2 wherein the rect
ing the ends of said first and second elongated angular shape is formed by providing third elongated
members to form a magnetic loop, said first, second magnetic members on the outside of both ends of the
and third elongated members being arranged and first and second elongated magnetic members.
configured such that the lines of magnetic force in is is is
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