The document discusses well hydraulics and groundwater withdrawal. It provides definitions and illustrations of key concepts like the cone of depression, drawdown, radius of influence, and hydraulic gradient. When a well is pumped, it lowers the water level and forms a cone of depression. Understanding well hydraulics is important for designing pumping strategies to meet water demands from aquifers.
The document discusses well hydraulics and groundwater withdrawal. It provides definitions and illustrations of key concepts like the cone of depression, drawdown, radius of influence, and hydraulic gradient. When a well is pumped, it lowers the water level and forms a cone of depression. Understanding well hydraulics is important for designing pumping strategies to meet water demands from aquifers.
The document discusses well hydraulics and groundwater withdrawal. It provides definitions and illustrations of key concepts like the cone of depression, drawdown, radius of influence, and hydraulic gradient. When a well is pumped, it lowers the water level and forms a cone of depression. Understanding well hydraulics is important for designing pumping strategies to meet water demands from aquifers.
The document discusses well hydraulics and groundwater withdrawal. It provides definitions and illustrations of key concepts like the cone of depression, drawdown, radius of influence, and hydraulic gradient. When a well is pumped, it lowers the water level and forms a cone of depression. Understanding well hydraulics is important for designing pumping strategies to meet water demands from aquifers.
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 10
NAME: QUEVADA, JESSICA MAY L.
DATE: MARCH 3, 2023
SECTION CODE: G155 YEAR & COURSE: BSCE – III ASSIGNMENT 5 1. Draw a schematic diagram illustrating the occurrence of groundwater showing: groundwater table, zone of aeration, zone of saturation, effluent and influent streams.
2. Illustrate the occurrence of artesian showing the flowing and non-flowing artesian well. 3. Discuss the hydraulics of well and illustrate showing the drawdown, groundwater table and the cone of depression. WELL HYDRAULICS - When a well is pumped water flows toward the well from storage, so the head declines forming a cone of depression. - The amount of decline is called drawdown so this is called the drawdown cone. - The time required to reach steady state depends on Storativity, Transmissivity, Boundary Conditions, and Pumping rate. - Monitoring the development and final form of this cone in observation wells around the pumping well allows us to determine aquifer properties (e.g. T and S). IMPORTANCE OF WELL HYDRAULICS Groundwater withdrawal from aquifer is important to meet water demand. Therefore, it is important to meet water demand. Therefore, we need to understand well hydraulics to design a pumping strategy that is sufficient to furnish the adequate amount of water. IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS ABOUT WELL HYDRAULICS 1. Cone of depression represent the water table during the drawdown of water with the help of well through homogeneous and isotropic aquifer in un-confined aquifer cone of depression represent the drawdown water table but in confined aquifer it represents the pressure drop (change in piezometric head) around the well. 2. Radius of influence It is distance from the center of the well to the point at which the drawdown is zero. The point at which drawdown is zero indicates the outer limit of the cone of depression. The cones of depression are larger for wells sunk in the confined aquifer. Therefore, radius of influence is also greater in confined aquifer than in the unconfined aquifer. It may be noted that drawdown, cone of depression and radius of influence are the three parameters of the same phenomenon, are closely inter- related and are characteristic features of every pumped well. They depend on the following: Aquifer characteristics Well discharge, i.e., pumping rate Duration of pumping Slope of water table recharge within the influenced zone.
3. Drawdown when the water is pumped out from a tube well, the water level in the well as well as in the vicinity of the pumped well is lowered. The lowering of the water level at any point as a result of groundwater pumping is called drawdown at that point. The drawdown is maximum at the well and goes on reducing away from the well till at some distance the drawdown is zero. Obviously at and after this point water level remains un-effected. 4. Hydraulic Gradient owing to the differential lowering of water level a difference of head is created between the water level at the well and original groundwater table. The slope or head difference per unit length is called hydraulic gradient.
5. Steady Flow In a pumped well when equilibrium is reached between the discharges of the pumped well and the recharge of the aquifer by an outside source this condition represents a steady or equilibrium flow. In other words, steady state is reached when in the piezometers the changes in the drawdown with time have become negligible or when the hydraulic gradient has become constant.
For a semi-confined aquifer overlain by a semi-pervious layer the outside source
could be an unconfined aquifer with constant water table which is situated over the semi-pervious layer. This constant water table aquifer can contribute required recharge to the semi-confined aquifer through the semi-pervious layer.
6. Unsteady Flow The unsteady flow indicates non-equilibrium condition. This type of flow exists from the moment groundwater pumping starts from the well till the steady state is reached. In a completely confined horizontal aquifer of constant thickness and infinite size which is pumped at a constant rate there will be unsteady flow for all the time in the absence of a source of recharge in the form of vertical leakage or a recharge boundary. Conversely to the steady-state flow, when the water level in piezometers or hydraulic gradient changes with time during pumping unsteady flow condition exists.
7. Partially Penetrating Well:
When the tube well does not extend to full depth of the aquifer but draws water from part depth of the aquifer the well is called partially penetrating well.
8. Specific Capacity of a Well
It is a measure of the productivity of a well. It is a ratio of the pumping rate and drawdown in the well. Specific capacity = Q/H1 – H2 = Q/s where Q is well discharge and (H1 – H2) or s is drawdown. Illustration showing the drawdown, groundwater table and the cone of depression. REFERENCES: Caba, C. (2022). Groundwater & Well Hydraulics. Retrieved from https://edurev.in/studytube/Groundwater-Well-Hydraulics/bf5dd289-ddf9-47ac-85b1- 7a11c61bca20_t Irfan, M. (2018, February 24). Geotechnical Engineering-I [Lec #25: In-Situ Permeability]. https://www.slideshare.net/1mirfan/geotechnical-engineeringi-lec-25-insitu- permeability Sen, S. (2020). Terms used in Hydraulics. Retrieved from https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/water/groundwater/terms-used-in-hydraulics-8- terms-defined/60975 Stone, E. (2019). Groundwater and well hydraulics. Retrieved from: https://slideplayer.com/slide/15740186/
