Huffman Tree
Huffman Tree
Huffman Tree
Prefix Rule-
Problem-
A file contains the following characters with the frequencies as shown. If Huffman Coding is
used for data compression, determine-
1. Huffman Code for each character
2. Average code length
3. Length of Huffman encoded message (in bits)
Characters Frequencies
a 10
e 15
i 12
o 3
u 4
s 13
t 1
Char S T U C R E
Freq. 1 2 2 1 2 1
Information
Char I N F O R M A T
Freq. 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1
Solution-
Step-01:
Step-02:
Step-03:
Step-04:
Step-05:
Step-06:
Step-07:
Now,
We assign weight to all the edges of the constructed Huffman Tree.
Let us assign weight ‘0’ to the left edges and weight ‘1’ to the right edges.
Rule
If you assign weight ‘0’ to the left edges, then assign weight ‘1’ to the right edges.
If you assign weight ‘1’ to the left edges, then assign weight ‘0’ to the right edges.
Any of the above two conventions may be followed.
But follow the same convention at the time of decoding that is adopted at the time of
encoding.
After assigning weight to all the edges, the modified Huffman Tree is-
Now, let us answer each part of the given problem one by one-
1. Huffman Code For Characters-
To write Huffman Code for any character, traverse the Huffman Tree from root node to the
leaf node of that character.
Following this rule, the Huffman Code for each character is-
a = 111
e = 10
i = 00
o = 11001
u = 1101
s = 01
t = 11000