Natures and Numbers Part 2 Edited 2

MATHEMATICS IN THE
MODERN WORLD
Fibonacci Sequence
 A sequence is an ordered list of

numbers, called terms, that may have
repeated values.
 Example: The following are sequences of
real numbers.
 1.) 2,4,6,8,10, ...
 2.) 2,4,8,16,32, ...
 Identify the next three terms of these
sequences.
PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND
THE WORLD
Patterns in nature are visible

regularities of form found in the
natural world and can also be seen
in the universe.
PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND
THE WORLD
 Check out examples of some of these

patterns and you may be able to spot a few
the next time you go for a walk.
 Patterns can be observed even in stars
which move in circles across the sky each
day.
 1. The weather season cycle each year. All
snowflakes contains sixfold symmetry which
no two are exactly the same.
 2. The weather season cycle each year.
 - All snowflakes contains sixfold symmetry
which no two are exactly the same.
 3. Patterns can be seen in fish
patterns like spotted trunkfish,
spotted puffer, blue spotted
stingray, spotted moral eel, coral
grouper, red lion fish, yellow
boxfish and angel fish.
These animals and fish stripes and
spots attest to mathematical
regularities in biological growth and
form.
 4. Zebras, tigers, cats and snakes are
covered in patterns of stripes; leopards
and hyenas are covered in pattern of
spots and giraffes are covered in pattern of
blotches.
5. Natural patterns like the
intricate waves across the oceans;
sand dunes on deserts; formation
of typhoon; water drop with ripple
and others.
These serves as clues to the rules
that govern the flow of water, sand
and air.
Nature patterns which are not just to
be admired, they are vital clues to the
rules that govern natural processes.
 6.Other patterns in nature can also be
seen in the ball of mackerel, the v-
formation of geese in the sky and the
tornado formation of starlings.
PATTERNS AND REGULARITIES
As we discover more about our

environment, we can
mathematically describe nature.
1. The beauty of a flower,
2. The majestic tree, even
3. The rock formation
 Exhibits nature’s sense of
symmetry.
PATTERNS AND REGULARITIES
Have you ever thought about

how nature likes to arrange it
self in patterns in order to act
efficiently?
TYPES OF PATTERNS
 SYMMETRY
TYPES OF SYMMETRY
 A. BILATERAL SYMMETRY:
A symmetry in which the left and
right sides of the organism can be
divided into approximately mirror
image of each other along the
midline.
TYPES OF SYMMETRY
 B. RADIAL SYMMETRY
( or rotational symmetry ):
 a symmetry around a fixed point
known as the center and it can be
classified as either cyclic or
dihedral.
 Plants often have radial or rotational
symmetry, as to flowers and some
group of animals.
A five-fold symmetry is found in the
echinoderms, the group in which
includes starfish (dihedral-D5
symmetry), sea urchins and sea
lilies.
 Radial symmetry suits organism
like sea anemones whose adults do
not move and jellyfish(dihedral-D4
symmetry).
 Radial symmetry is also evident in
different kinds of flowers.
 2. FRACTALS
A curve or geometric figure, each
part of which has the same
statistical character as the whole.
 The pattern repeats itself over and
over again at different scales.
 For example,
A tree grows by repetitive
branching. This same kind of
branching can be seen in
lightning bolts and the veins in
your body.
3. SPIRALS
A logarithmic spiral or growth
spiral is a self - similar spiral
curve which often appears in
nature.
It was first describe by Rene
Descartes and was later
investigated by Jacob Bernoulli.
 3. SPIRALS
A spiral is a curved pattern that focuses
on a center point and a series of
circular shapes that revolve around
it.
 Examples of spirals are pine
cones, pineapples, hurricanes.
 The reason for why plants use a
spiral form is because they are
constantly trying to grow but stay
secure.
Makes A Spiral
 When we make squares with those widths, we
get a nice spiral:
https://www.noupe.com/inspiration/photography/nature-s-pattern-photography-35-outstanding-photos.html
GOLDEN RECTANGLE
 Leonardo of Pisa also known as
Fibonacci discovered a sequence of
number that created an interesting
pattern the sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8,
13, 21, 34… each number is obtained
by adding the last two numbers of
the sequence forms what is known
as GOLDEN RECTANGLE A
PERFECT RECTANGLE.
FIBONACCI NUMBERS IN NATURE
Flower petals exhibit the

Fibonacci number.
 White calla lily contains 1
petal,
Euphorbia contains 2 petals,
Trillium contains 3 petals,
Columbine contains 5 petals,
FIBONACCI NUMBERS IN NATURE
bloodroot contains 8 petals,

black-eyed susan contains 13
petals,
shasta daisies 21 petals,
field daisies contains 34 petals
and
other types of daisies contain
55 and 89 petals.
FIBONACCI SEQUENCE IN
NATURE
The sunflower seed conveys the
Fibonacci sequence.
 The pattern of two spirals goes in
opposing directions (clockwise and
counter-clockwise ).
 The number of clockwise spirals and
counter clockwise spirals are
consecutive Fibonacci numbers and
usually contains 34 and 55 seeds.
The Fibonacci sequence can also
be seen in the way tree branches
form or split.
A main trunk will grow until it
produces a branch, which creates
two growth points. Then, one of the
new stems branches into two, while
the other one lies dormant.
This pattern of branching is
repeated for each of the new
stems.
A good example is the
sneezewort.
Root systems and even algae
exhibit this pattern.
The Fibonacci sequence in plants
Count the number of branches per generation.

The Fibonacci sequence
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89,

144, . . .
ACTIVITY No. 2
How many rabbits are

there on the 13th
month? 14th month?
1. Can you state the rule on how to get a term of
the sequence?
The Fibonacci SURPRISE!
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89,
144, . . .
 2. What can you say about every
third term?
fourth term
fifth term?
 What is the Fibonacci sequence?
 The Fibonacci sequence begins with
the following 14 integers:
 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89,
144, 233 ...
 Each number, starting with the third,
adheres to the prescribed formula.
 For example, the seventh number, 8, is
preceded by 3 and 5, which add up to
8.
ACTIVITY No. 3
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, . . .
Tryadding together any three

consecutive Fibonacci numbers.
What do you notice?
Can you explain it?
 Choose any four consecutive Fibonacci
numbers. Add the first and last, and
divide by two.
 What do you notice?
 Can you explain it?
 Discover any surprise of your own.

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MATHEMATICS IN THE

 A sequence is an ordered list of

Patterns in nature are visible

 Check out examples of some of these

As we discover more about our

Have you ever thought about

Flower petals exhibit the

bloodroot contains 8 petals,

Count the number of branches per generation.

1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89,

How many rabbits are

1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, . . .

Tryadding together any three

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