Est.

2023

DELEGATE

HANDBOOK

APG MUN
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction
3

Letter from APGMUN’s Directing Team 3

What is an MUN conference

4

Position Papers
4

What are position papers

4

How to write a position paper

4

Sample position papers

6

Opening Speech
7

What is an opening speech

How to write an opening speech

Sample opening speech

Resolution Papers
8

What is a resolution paper

8

Resolution paper format

8

Heading
9

Pre-ambulatory Clauses
10

Operative Clauses
11

Sample Resoultion paper

12

Points And Motions

12

What are points and motions

12

Motions 13

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Amendment
14

What are amendment

14

Types of amendments
14

Procedure
14

In-council procedure
14

Roll call
15

Opening speeches
15

Lobbying & Merging

15

Debating
16

Voting
16

Dress code
16

Females
16

Males
16

Materials needed 17

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Delegate Handbook APG MUN II
 INTRODUCTION

A Letter from APG MUN I’s Directing Team

‘A message to the Model United Nations, an urgent call to the youth.’ This is a call to those
who live in fear of triumphing where others have not.

To harmonize, to elevate, to enlighten, to build, and to cherish are acts of global citizens.
Those who wish to live in a civil world, with just enough to ensure all life on earth can have
the opportunity to encourage change for the better of all nations.

Model United Nations is the driving force behind all those voices that are and will be heard.
“Your voice moves us forward” is our vow to you. As you delegates, rise to represent a
country at a global level and interact with others taking part in an esteemed conference
like this one, you become faithful global citizens.

We pave as encourages, to your dedication to amplifying your avid voices. To your unique
encryption of change. To the leaders, you aspire to become. "Out of the mountain of
despair, a stone of hope." The words of Martin Luther, as he presented us with the key to
life, hope. To yearn towards what seems empty –from afar–, yet in the short distance, we
see a realm of possibilities.

We seek to lend the youth of the Model United Nations generation the skill of diplomacy.
We seek to show the youth the power of collective action.

We wish you a successful Model United Nations under the Arabian Pearl Gulf School
hosted by the Bahrain Institute of Banking and Finance (BIBF).

Signed,

Maryam Ali Redha, Bushra Fardan, and Jana Mamdooh.

Student Director, Secretary General, and Deputy Secretary General of APG MUN I

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What is a MUN Conference ?

A Model United Nations conference simulates a portion of the Sustainable

Development agenda of the United Nations. The conference is executed by high-
school students and is then carried out by students of other schools from the Kingdom
of Bahrain. Where they fulfill the role of their positions throughout the conference. All
high-school students begin at the level of delegation, when they gain further
experience, they become eligible for other roles like runners, chairs, press, and
security. The purpose of a Model United Nations conference is to provide the youth
with an opportunity to tackle countering perceptions of current global obstacles under
a unifying theme. Raising awareness and spreading knowledge among young future
leaders, amplifying their eager .voices through cooperation and diplomacy

POSITION PAPER
What are position papers ?

A position paper is a research paper prepared by the delegates before the conference.
The purpose of the paper is to discuss the nation’s stance on the matter at hand.
Usually, a position paper doesn’t exceed one page and is mandatory to be eligible for
an award. A position paper is required for both issues and is to be submitted through
the Google Classroom link at the date of submission. Late submissions will not be
accepted.

How to write a position paper

To headline the position paper, a proper heading including the council name, topic,
country, and your full name should be at the top. The content of the paper is divided
into four parts: background information on the topic, UN involvement, country’s
position, and possible solutions.

Background information should supply general information about the topic, the
occurrence of the issue in the country, and any recent events or happenings
concerning the issue. This should be concise and short and can act as an introduction
to the paper.

The second paragraph should discuss the UN’s involvement with the issue. This could
be past UN actions, resolutions, management plans etc. This paragraph should also be
concise, and should be around 3-4 sentences.
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The third paragraph is the country’s position. This part examines the country’s stance
on the matter and actions they took to combat the issue or mitigate it. This information
can be deduced by looking at official documents and news articles and could be
expressed in 34 sentences as well.

The fourth, and arguably the most important, should be proposed solutions. Here, you
should discuss possible ways to solve the issue (e.g management plans, sanctions,
peacekeeping). This research will help you in creating your resolution paper and
opening speech. This part can examine 2-4 solutions. Some reliable sources for
delegates to carry out their research:

- UN.org

- BBC News

- Google News

- Reuters

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 SAMPLE POSITION PAPER
COUNCIL: UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN'S EMERGENCY FUND
COUNTRY: THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

NAME : (insert your first and last name)

Topic A: Addressing Child Marriage

The topic of child marriage revolves around "any formal marriage or informal union between a child
under the age of 18 and an adult or another child" (UNICEF, 2017). However, in the conservative
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the case is altered to fit into the Islamic criteria where "marriage requires
the consent of the two parties, plus the consent of the girl's father/guardian, two witnesses, the
giving of a dowry from the husband to the wife and a medical check" (Ministry of Health, 2014).
Hence, the concept of marriage in Saudi Arabia is built upon the guardians' decision
predominantly. Considering, that in Arabian societies, the guardians are the ones who choose to
deem a marriage fitting or otherwise, not. Thus, child marriage is widespread across the Kingdom
"with one in seven girls marrying before the age of 18" Oust in: Saudi Arabia bans underage
marriage, 2020). Additionally, circa 2011, Saudi Arabia was reported to lack the minimum age for
marriage.

Thankfully, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has recognized the horrifying statistics of child marriage
where twenty percent of the surveyed of ever-married Saudi females were married before their
fifteenth birthday, and eighty-three percent were married prior to reaching the age of twenty. In
rural regions, the rates are indeed larger than in metropolitan areas. By this, it is clear that child
marriage is a case derived by discrimination against females. Noting, that it has "increased risk for
sexually transmitted diseases, cervical cancer, malaria, death during childbirth, and obstetric
fistulas" (Health Consequences of Child Marriage in Africa, 2006). Thus, the Kingdom urged to
protect and ensure the rights of women, "the Justice Ministry issued an order to the courts that
any marriage application for someone under the age of 18 would have to be referred to a special
court to make sure that "marrying those below 18-years old will not harm them and will achieve
their best interest, whether they are male or female" (The National, 2019). The order issued was
displayed a remarkable significance in the sense of protecting Saudi children from the burden of
child marriage. Yet, the vicious cycle of child marriage is not banned but curbed.

"In 2016, UNICEF, together with UNFPA, launched the Global Programme to End Child Marriage.
Empowering young girls at risk of marriage or already in union, the programme have reached more
than 12 million adolescent girls with life-skills training and school attendance support since 2016"
(UNICEF, 2021). Still, the case of child marriage in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is present, but in
lower statistics. As specialist courts intervene to analyze situations where a future spouse is
under the age of 18. In essence, child marriage is still allowed, but simply not forced. Aiming to
completely discard the case of child marriage, the Kingdom must ban all child marriages and
induce a stronger law to prevent child marriages, forced or voluntary.

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OPENING SPEECH
What is an opening speech ?

An opening speech is a short, mandatory speech wherein the delegate expresses their
country’s stance – not your personal opinion – on the matter to the rest of the delegates;
it is basically a condensed version of the position paper. This speech helps you know
where other delegates stand on the matter as well and can be helpful for lobbying and
merging later on

How to write an opening speech ?

The speech should be one minute long and could be divided into four parts: it should
start off by addressing the chairpersons and delegates, introduce the issue briefly,
discuss the country’s stance, and finally, a conclusion containing 1-2 possible solutions.
As the speech is one minute long, ideally, it should have 2 main, short paragraphs.

The purpose of the speech is to inform other delegates about your country’s stance, so
that should be highlighted most. Additionally, addressing another country in a
disrespectful manner in your opening speech will not be tolerated.

SAMPLE OPENING SPEECH

Honorable chairs and fellow delegates,

In this age of technological advancements and digital transformation, AI engineers are in

demand, now more than ever, in Japan. Although Japan is lagging behind on generative
AI race, there is still an uprising amount of doubt within the public on weather AI is or
isn't reducing job opportunities. AI has increased opportunities to work in the
development and creation of AI, but has reduced the opportunity to work in other
different fields.

The delegate of Japan expects converse discussions and diverse resolutions.Thank you.

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 RESOLUTION PAPER
What is a resolution paper?

A resolution paper is a paper written by a group of delegates sharing the same position on
the matter during the lobbying and merging. The resolution paper explores the issue at
hand and solutions for said issues. The paper is composed of three main parts: the
heading, preambulatory clauses, and operative clauses; the paper should contain a
minimum of 3 preambulatory clauses and 3 operative clauses.

Heading

The heading should contain four things: the full council name, the topic, the main-
submitter, and the co-submitters.

The council name should be fully spelled out and not abbreviated; the same goes for the
topic. The main-submitter should have the name of the country of the delegate
representing the resolution; the main-submitter will present the resolution to the council.
Moreover, the co-submitters have all the countries that contributed to the resolution.

Preambulatory Clauses

The purpose of the preambulatory clauses is to discuss the importance of solving the
issue at hand. They are there to give background information on the topic and explain the
need to discuss the topics; they can contain statistics or recent events.

Every preambulatory clause should start with a preambulatory phrase (p.8 - p. 9) and end
with a comma. 



Operative Clauses

Operative clauses are the solutions to the issue. Here, the delegates suggest actions that
need to be taken to solve the issue. This is the most important part of the paper.

To start an operative, you need to use an operative phrase (p.9). The clauses can be
explained further by adding lettered sub-clauses (a, b, c). Each clause should end with a
comma except the last one which should end in a full-stop.

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 PREAMBULATORY CLAUSES

Acknowledging
Affirming
Alarmed by

Approving
Aware of
Believing

Bearing in mind
Confident
Congratulating

Convinced
Declaring
Deeply concerned

Deeply conscious
Deeply disturbed
Deeply regretting

Deploring
Desiring
Emphasizing

Expecting
Expressing its appreciation
Expressing its satisfaction

Fulfilling
Fully alarmed
Fully aware

Fully believing
Further deploring
Further recalling

Guided by
Having adopted
Having considered

Having devoted attention

Having examined
Having received

Having studied
Keeping in mind
Noting further

Noting with appreciation

Noting with approval
Noting with deep concern

Noting with regret

Noting with satisfaction
Observing

Pointing out
Reaffirming
Realizing

Recalling
Recognizing
Referring

Reminding
Seeking
Taking into account

Taking into consideration

Viewing with appreciation Welcoming

Delegate Handbook APG MUN II

 OPERATIVE CLAUSES

Accepts
Affirms
Approves

Asks
Authorizes
Calls for

Calls upon
Condemns
Congratulates

Confirms
Declares accordingly
Deplores

Designates
Encourages
Endorses

Express its appreciation

Express its hope
Further invites

Further proclaims
Further recommends
Further requests

Further resolves
Hopes
Invites

Proclaims
Proposes
Recommends

Regrets
Requests
Resolves

Seeks
Strongly affirms
Strongly condemns

Strongly urges
Suggests
Supports

Trusts Transmits Urges

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 SAMPLE RESOLUTION PAPER
Council: United Nations Development Program.

Main submitter: Canada Co-submitter: Ukraine, Republic of South Africa, and the
United States of America

Topic: Violating the Rights of Peaceful Protesters,

Aware of the rights of peaceful protesters,

Acknowledging that peaceful protesters truly abide by the term peaceful,

Bearing in mind that the violence peaceful protesters are experiencing is a huge
violation of their rights,

1.Strongly urges police officers to act and/or serve as protection for those peaceful
protesters:

a) Often, police officers are spotted attacking peaceful protesters as in their

standpoint, they tend to view peaceful protests as catastrophic riots;

b) Peaceful protesters require protection from the opposing party;

2.Recommend introducing a law that protects peaceful protesters:

a) The law will protect peaceful protesters from opposing parties’ possible

threats unlawful violence, and/or the possession of lethal weapons;

b) The law will also ensure that the peaceful protests do not spiral into riots;

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 POINTS AND MOTIONS

What are points and motions?

Points and Motions are the tools used in Model United Nations delegates to
communicate with their chairs and fellow delegates. It is the formal language to ask for
things, clarify things and, when necessary, appeal to them.

Points

Points are made by delegates to ask questions about procedure. Delegates can raise a
point by raising their placard and can only speak when the chairpersons acknowledge
the point. The chairs have the right to decline the point if deemed as unnecessary or
disruptive.

Point of Order

Used to correct an error in parliamentary procedure (e.g, a delegate using personal

pronouns)

Point of Parliamentary Inquiry

Used when a delegate has a question about parliamentary procedures (roll call,
opening speech, voting, debates).

Point of Personal Privilege

Used if a delegate is experiencing discomfort in the council (e.g the council room being
too cold, the WIFI not working, etc).

Point of Information

Used when the delegate wants to ask another delegate a question. This point is usually
raised during debate when discussing the resolutions

Right to Reply This point can be used when the delegate feels as if their country has
been insulted at any point in the debate

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Motions

Motions are raised by the delegates to change the structure of the debate. However,
they can only be carried out if they pass.

Motion to Set Speaking

Time This point can be used when the delegate feels as if their country has been
insulted at any point in the debate.

Motion to Explain Vote 

This motion is raised when a delegate is asked to explain the motive and reasoning
behind their vote. A chairperson can either pick a delegate or have the delegates
voluntarily explain their reasoning.

Motion to Move to Voting Procedure 

raised when a delegate wishes to skip speeches and move on to the voting procedure.
This motion must be agreed upon by the majority of the council before going into effect.

Motion to Move to Moderated Caucus

moves to open a formal debate, where delegates can debate within an order and
parliamentary procedures are applied.

Motion to Move to Unmoderated Caucus 

moves to open an informal debate, where delegates can debate amongst one another
and parliamentary procedures do not apply.

Motion to Extend Debate Time 

This motion is raised to extend the time of the debate and is raised immediately right
after the debate is over. The motion allows delegates to discuss and take into
consideration more ideas before moving onto amendments and voting. The majority
must agree for this motion to pass.






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 AMENDMENTS

What are amendments?

An amendment is a change in the operative clauses of a draft resolution, done to

change the content. Amendments can be used to edit both your own resolution as well
as another bloc’s before the final vote. Amendments can do one of three things to the
operative clauses of a resolution: add a clause, strike a clause, amend a clause (add or
delete from it).

Types of amendments

Friendly amendment

Occurs when the main-submitter is in favour of the amendment being made, and is

immediately implemented without further debate. Thus, they can also be referred to
as: “automatic changes supported by the main submitter of the draft resolution.”

Unfriendly amendment

An unfriendly amendment is “a change to a resolution paper that is not accepted by

the majority of the committee / main submitter”. They are debated and voted on by the
committee to strike a change to the draft resolution since they are not supported by its
main submitter.

PROCEDURE

In-council procedure

When the council is in session, a set of rules apply. Direct conversations between
delegates are strictly forbidden and only form of communication amongst delegates
should be by diplomatic notes. The diplomatic note will be read and delivered by the
runner to make sure nothing improper is written.That be ing said,in for mal and
offensive jokes are unacceptable and a formal warning may be issued. Additionally,
when the council is in session, personal pronouns (I, my, me, etc.) are not allowed;
delegates should only speak an and refer to themselves and other delegates by the
country they’re representing.

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Furthermore, mobile phones and any smart devices should be turned off and not used
when the council is in session. The only time smart devices are allowed is when the
council is out of session and during break times. Moreover, eating and drinking is not
permissible with the exception of water.

There will be a standardised procedure to be followed during the councils and it goes
as follows: roll call, opening speeches, lobbying & merging, debating, amending the
resolution, and voting.

Roll Call

Delegates are called on—in alphabetical order— by their assigned country in a council.
This allows the chair to assess the absentees. Roll call is taken on both days and after
every out-of-council break. Delegates are required to respond with either present or
present and voting as expressed below.

Present: the delegate is present in council. They can vote for or against amendments,
resolution papers, speeches and motions, with the ability to abstain from the vote.

Present and voting: the delegate is present in the council and they cannot abstain from
any vote and have to participate in any ongoing ones.

Opening Speeches

Opening speeches are obligatory for all delegates. The speaking time is one minute
long, in which the delegate outlines their country’s stances on both issues. Delegates
will be called onto the podium in alphabetical order to deliver their opening speech.

Lobbying & Merging

Delegates with similar stances on the topic of the council work together to create a
resolution detailed enough to address the topic at hand successfully. During this
session, delegates are allowed to speak to each other informally, use smart devices,
and move around the conference freely.

Amendments

After the debate takes place, the delegates can submit an amendment – friendly or
unfriendly – to edit the resolution paper prior to voting. Amendments will be made and
voted on before the voting procedure is done.

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Debating

Debating is split into moderated or unmoderated caucuses where delegates present

their resolutions and debate on it with the members of the council, for them to decide
whether they would be in favor of the resolution paper or not.

Voting

The voting procedure is in order once the debating session is over. Delegates vote in
favor or against the presented resolution, and it either passes or fails depending on the
majority, some might also abstain.

DRESS CODE

Ladie
A formal attire
Formal pantsuits, skirt suits, and/or dresses are permissible.
Skirts and dresses must extend below the knees, stockings do not
compensat
Sleeveless tops, cut-out tops, sheer, complex floral prints, and/or neon clothing are
strictly prohibited
Makeup must be simple, and professional
Formal dress shoes are required; sneakers, sandals, flip-flops, and heels exceeding
7 cm are frowned upon.

Gentleme
A formal sui
Suits, ties, and blazers must be always worn.
Jeans and/or t-shirts are not allowe
Formal dress shoes are required; sneakers, sandals, and flip-flops are frowned upo
Bright, neon, sheer, and/or prints are strictly prohibited
Thobes, traditional Arab head wear, and Abayas are only permissible for Arabic
Councils
Head garments like hats, ball caps, and baseball caps are not allowed.

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Things you need to bring day of the conference

A physical copy of your opening speech is required as well as a smart device to

carry out the research and writing of the resolution paper. Pens and notebooks will

be available, but feel free to bring your own.

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