Applied Mechanics Department, L.D. College of Engineering 16-12-2022, Thurs ME-| (GEOTECH) MID SEM INTERNAL EXAM, Date & ‘Sub Name: Ground Improvement Techniques (3714310) Marks: 30 Time: 11:00 to 12:30 pm Q-1(A) Answer the following with proper justification in context to IS 13094:1992 : (Any five) iv. Which engineering properties is mainly required to be modified in any ground improvement technique? How it is determined in field? Which ground improvement technique is most suitable for loose cohesionless soil having density index in the range of 35% - 65%? Why? Which method is suitable for large area, relatively permeable soil and lowering of the-ground water table by a large depth for excavation? How it works? Explain the principle of jet grouting? For what depth it is mostly used? ‘ Which ground improvement methods increases strength, stiffness; reduce permeability, liquefaction and ground heave potential especially for foundation support and earth retaining excavation? What are ground anchors and for which type of soils it is suitable? Why? Q-4(B) Explain the principle of each method mentioned below and discuss (any two) in detail with neat sketches, formulas/equations and plots: i) Prefabricated vertical drains ii) Stone columns iii) Vibroflotation Q-1(C) Define coarse grouts and fine grouts. Explain the penetrability of grouts. Also diseifss the various criteria of blockages, Q-1(D) Explain the mixing mechanism for coarse grouts with neat sketch. Discuss various types of viscosity and flow measurements. Qz Solve the following: (any four) ar ii, Exarple wer 12-4 iii. Compute the flow rate q for an injection pressure equivalent to 100m of water-head, if an injection hole has a diameter of 40mm and 0.5m length of hole is exposed at any one time, if its kg = 10% m/sec corresponding to a clean fine sand. Stone columns were constricted in deposit of soft clay soil. Given clay, undrained cohesion is equal to 38kPa. Modulus of elasticity Es = 9800kPa, Stone column diameter (for each column) = 0.5m, c/e spacing = 2.5m. Column foundation: plan 1m * 1m , ¢/c spacing of column = 3m, Depth of foundation Dr= 1m, Load on column = 450 kPa, Estimate settlement of column foundation. A 15m, thick hydraulically isotropic clay stratum overlies an 0 5,5 x 104 cm?/sec. Find the time impervious stratum, If the Cv Scanned with Canscanner M 05 05 04 04 12 co- Po 12,3 12,4 24,6 2,3,6 12,4,required for 50% consolidation. In order to accelerate the rate of settlement, vertical sand drains of 1m dia were installed at Sm ¢/c. Calculate how much settlement is accelerated due to provisions of sand drains. For n = 5, Tr = 9.061 for Ur = 50%. ‘The compaction of an 1.5m high embankment is carried out in 300mm thick lifts. The rammer used for compaction has the foot area 0.06m?. The energy developed per drop of the rammer is 45kg- m, Assuming 50% more energy in each pass over the compacted area due to over-lap, calculate the number of passes required to develop compactive energy equivalent to IS light compaction for each layer. xa: je ee ‘An embankment is proposed to be constructed over a layer of clay 5 | 4 Ba np -2As! aZ vii.) 400) the following properties. Ch = 8.0 m?/year and Cv = 4. 10m thick, underlain by an impermeable stratum. The embankment is 3m high and fill soil has a unit weight of 20kN/m3. The clay has 5 m?/year, mv = 2.7 x 10-4 m?/KN. Sand drains of 400mm diameter are proposed to be installed in a square pattern, at a spacing of 3m centre to centre. Determine the magnitude of settlement that can be expected due to consolidation of the clay layer after_6 manths of effective embankt it loadi 2mm Lye ankment loading CE Sedation Calculate the time required for 50%,70%and 90 % consolidation of turated clayey silt soil using wick drains at various triangular nechidings The wick drains measure 100 * 5 mm and has a Cy = 6.8 x 106 m2/min. A compacted fill is to be constructed of the two potentials borrow pit areas A & B. The in-situ properties of soil at sites are as follows: Borrow Area A: void ratio(en)= 0.8, water content(%wa)= 17.65% and G; = 2.65, Borrow Area B: void ratio(em= 0.68, water content (wn) = 14.25% and G, = 2.65, The compacted volume of the embankment will be 50,000m3. Unit weight is 20 kN/m? at a placement water content of 20%. Soil from the borrow area is to be excavated and transported to the site in truck of 10 m? capacity. During excavation and dumping of soil in the trucks, soil increases in volume by 10%. At the site, additional water which is added to soil and compacted to desired extent by pneumatic rubber tired rollers. The cost of excavation, transportation and compaction is Rs. 600 per truck for borrow area A & Rs. 800 per truck for borrow aréa B. Water charges per truck is Rs. 250. Which of the two borrow area is more economical? Scanned with Canscanner