0580 Mathematics (Extended)

Topics: Algebra (1)

Learning Objective
• Algebraic Expressions
• Linear Equations
• Simultaneous Equations
• Factorisation
• Quadratic expressions and Quadratic Equations
• Non-linear Simultaneous Equations

Algebraic Expressions

1. When 𝑥 = −2, 𝑦 = −1 and 𝑘 = 0, find the value of:

(a) 2(𝑥 + 𝑘) (b) 3(𝑘 + 𝑦) (c) 5𝑥 − 𝑦 (d) 3𝑘 − 2𝑥

2. If 𝑥 = −3 and 𝑦 = 2, evaluate the following:

𝑥2
(a) 10 − (2𝑥)2 (b) 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 5 (c) 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1 (d) 𝑦

3. When 𝑘 = −3, 𝑚 = 1 and 𝑛 = −4, find the value of:

(a) 5𝑚√(𝑘 2 + 𝑛2 ) (b) 3𝑘 + 2𝑚 (c) 𝑘 + 𝑚 + 𝑛
2𝑛 − 3𝑘 𝑘 2 + 𝑚 2 + 𝑛2

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4. Simplify the following.
(a) 5 7 1 (b) 5𝑥 − 7𝑥 2 − (2𝑥)2 (c) 3(𝑥 − 2) − (𝑥 − 2)
− +
𝑥 𝑥 2

5. Simplify the following.

(a) 4(𝑎 + 2𝑏)(𝑎 − 2𝑏) (b) 3𝑦(𝑦 − 2)(𝑦 + 3) (c) 3𝑧(𝑎 + 2𝑚)(𝑎 − 𝑚)

6. Remove the brackets and simplify

(a) (2𝑥 + 1)2 − (𝑥 + 3)2 (b) 3(𝑥 + 2)2 − (𝑥 + 4)2 (d) 2(𝑥 − 3)2 − 3(𝑥 + 1)2

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7. Remove the brackets and simplify
(a) (6𝑥 − 5)(2𝑥 + 7)(3𝑥 − 8) (b) (𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 − 4)

8. Solve the following equations.

5𝑥 1 3 3𝑥 𝑥
(a) = (b) − = (c) 4 = −5
6 4 4 5 2

(d) 7 − 2𝑥 = 2𝑥 − 7 (e) 7 − 3𝑥 = 5 − 2𝑥 (f) 8 − 2𝑦 = 5 − 5𝑦

9. Solve the following equations.

(a) 10(𝑥 + 4) − 9(𝑥 − 3) − 1 = 8(𝑥 + 3) (b) 6(3𝑥 − 4) − 10(𝑥 − 3) = 10(2𝑥 − 3)

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10. Solve the following equations.
4 10 −7 14
(a) = (b) =
𝑥 − 1 3𝑥 − 1 𝑥 − 1 5𝑥 + 2

𝑥 − 1 2𝑥 − 3 1 2𝑥 + 1 𝑥 − 1 5
(c) − = (d) − =
4 5 20 8 3 24

11. The sum of three consecutive whole numbers is 78. Find the numbers.

12. Find three consecutives even numbers which add up to 1524.

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13. The length of a rectangle is three times the width. If the perimeter is 36 cm, find the
width.

14. Use elimination to solve the following simultaneous equations:

(a) 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 11 (b) 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 7
2𝑥 − 𝑦 = −3 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −4

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15. Use substitution method to solve the following simultaneous equations:
(a) 𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −5 (b) 𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 7 = 0
2𝑦 + 3𝑥 + 4 = 0 2𝑦 − 𝑥 − 3 = 0

16. A motorist buys 24 litres of petrol and 5 litres of oil for $ 10.70, while another motorist
buys 18 litres of petrol and 10 litres of oil for $ 12.40. Find the cost of 1 litre of petrol
and 1 litre of oil at this garage.

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17. Factorise the following expressions completely:
(a) 2𝑎2 𝑒 − 5𝑎𝑒 2 (b) 3𝑎𝑏 3 − 3𝑎3 𝑏 (c) 𝑎𝑦𝑥 + 𝑦𝑥 3 − 2𝑦 2 𝑥 2

18. Factorise the following expressions completely:

(a) 2𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑎𝑦 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 (b) 6𝑎𝑥 + 2𝑏𝑥 + 3𝑎𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦

19. Factorise the following.

(a) 𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 15 (b) 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 20 (c) 𝑥 2 − 16

(d) 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 21 (e) 4𝑎2 − 9

20. Solve the following equations:

(a) 𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 + 1 = 0 (b) 36𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2 = 0 (c) 20𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 3 = 0

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21. Solve the following equations by using quadratic formula, giving answers correct to two
decimal places where necessary:
(a) 3𝑥 2 + 25𝑥 + 8 = 0 (b) 3𝑦 2 − 2𝑦 − 5 = 0 (c) 2𝑦 2 − 5𝑦 + 1 = 0

22. Solve the following, giving answers to two decimal places where necessary:
3 3 2 4
(a) + =4 (b) + =3
𝑥−1 𝑥+1 𝑥−2 𝑥+1

23. Complete the square for each expression by writing them in the form (𝑥 + 𝑎)2 + 𝑏,
where 𝑎 and 𝑏 can be positive or negative.
(a) 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 15 (b) 6 + 4𝑥 − 𝑥 2

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24. Solve these equations by completing the square.
(a) 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 3 = 0 (b) 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 2 = 0 (c) 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 = 1

25. Try to solve the equation 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 + 10 = 0, by completing the square. Explain why you
can find no solutions.

26. A man bought a certain number of golf balls for $ 20. If each ball had cost 20 cents less,
he could have bought five more for the same money.
How many golf balls did he buy?
Let the number of balls bought be 𝑥.

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27. Solve the following pairs of simultaneous equations. Give your answers to two decimal
places where necessary.
(a) 3𝑦 + 4𝑥 = 15 (b) 3𝑦 − 2𝑥 + 5 = 0
2
𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 5 𝑦 = 7 − 2𝑥 − 3𝑥 2

Exam-style Questions
28. Factorise completely.
(a) 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎𝑦 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 (b) 3(𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑥 − 1)

29. Solve the equation.

3 1
+ =0
2𝑥 𝑥 + 1

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30. Robbie pays $ 10.80 when he buys 3 notebooks and 4 pencils.
Paniz pays $ 14.50 when she buys 5 notebooks and 2 pencils.
Write down simultaneous equations and use them to find the cost of a notebook and the
cost of a pencil.

31. The distance a train travels on a journey is 600 km.

(a) Write down the expression, in term of 𝑥, for the average speed of the train when
(i) the journey takes 𝑥 hours,
(ii) the journey takes (𝑥 + 1) hours.

(b) The difference between the averages in part(a)(i) and part(a)(ii) is 20 km/h.
(i) Show that 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 30 = 0.

(ii) Find the average speed of the train for the journey in part(a)(ii).
Show all your working.

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32. In the diagrams below, all the lengths are measured in centimetres.

The area of rectangle 𝐵 is 8 cm2 more than the area of square 𝐴.

(a) Show that 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 10 = 0.

(b) Factorise 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 10.

(c) Find the perimeter of square 𝐴.

33. (a) Lia cycles 20 km at an average speed of 𝑥 km/h.

Write down an expression, in terms of 𝑥, for the time it takes Lia to complete the
journey.

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 (b) Lia cycles another 20 km at an average speed of (𝑥 + 1) km/h.
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This journey takes 4 hour less than the journey in part (a).
Show that 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 80 = 0.

(c) Solve the equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 80 = 0.

Show your working and give your answers correct to 2 decimal places.

(d) Find the total time taken by Lia to complete both journeys.
Give your answer in hours and minutes correct to the nearest minute.

34. 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 10 is to be written in the form (𝑥 − 𝑝)2 + 𝑞.

Find the values of 𝑝 and 𝑞.

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35. Solve the simultaneous equations:
1
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 16
2
1
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 19
2

36. Solve the simultaneous equations:

0.4𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 10
0.3𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 18

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37. Solve the equation
𝑥 − 2 2𝑥 + 5
=
4 3

38. Use the quadratic equation formula to solve

2𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 − 3 = 0.

Show all your working and give your answers correct to 2 decimal places.

39. Bus ticket cost $ 3 for an adult and $ 2 for a child.

There are 𝑎 adults and 𝑐 children on a bus.
The total number of people on the bus is 52.
The total cost of the 52 tickets is $ 139.
Find the number of adults and the number of children on the bus.

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40. Roshni cycles 2 kilometres at 𝑦 km/h and then runs 4 kilometres at (𝑦 − 4) km/h.
The whole journey takes 40 minutes.
(a) Write an equation in 𝑦 and show that it simplifies to 𝑦 2 − 13𝑦 + 12 = 0.

(b) Factorise 𝑦 2 − 13𝑦 + 12.

(c) Solve the equation 𝑦 2 − 13𝑦 + 12 = 0.

(d) Work out Roshni’s running speed.

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