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Mark schemes
(i) power = potential difference × current
1
accept voltage for potential difference
accept P = V × I
or correct transposition

accept provided subsequent method correct

1

(ii) 8
allow 1 mark for correct substitution or transformation or an answer
2.67 / 2.7
2
[3]

(a) (i) 2
2
allow 1 mark for correct substitution i.e. 0.8 × 2.5 provided no
further step shown
2

(ii) straight line drawn from origin to 2, 0.8

or
their (a)(i), 0.8
1

curve from 2, 0.8 to 12,2

or
their (a)(i) 0.8 to 12,2
accept curve from 2, 0.9 to 12,2
or
their (a)(i) 0.9 to 12,2
‘convex’ curve required
accept a curve that flattens between 10 and 12V
1

(iii) filament / lamp gets hot

accept temperature increases
1

(b) 108
allow 1 mark for correct substitution i.e. 1.5 × 72 provided no further
step shown
2
[7]

(a) (i) 0.25 (A)

3 1

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(ii) 75
allow 1 mark for converting 5 minutes to 300 seconds
or allow 1 mark for correct substitution
ie 0.25 × 300
allow 1 mark for an answer 1.25
allow 1 mark only for their (a)(i) × 300 correctly calculated
2

coulombs or C
do not accept c
1

(b) any two from:

• fault not repaired

accept if a fault was to occur

• larger current will (still) flow

• aluminium foil will not melt (if a fault)

accept aluminium foil needs a higher current / charge to melt

• wiring will overheat / (may) cause a fire

accept idea of fire hazard
do not accept explode etc
2
[6]

(a) (i) ammeter and battery in series with the gauge

4
symbols must be correct
ignore a voltmeter drawn in series

or cells reversed to cancel out

1
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voltmeter in parallel with the gauge
symbol must be correct
accept a freestanding circuit
diagram provided strain gauge is labelled or a resistor symbol used
for the strain gauge
1

(ii) d.c. flows only in one direction

a.c. changes direction is insufficient
1

(b) (i) 75
this answer only
allow 1 mark for correct substitution and transformation,

ie resistance =

(ii) increases
1

(iii) elastic / strain potential

do not accept potential
1
[7]

(a) (i) potential difference = current × resistance

5
accept voltage or pd for potential difference
accept V = I × R
accept correct transformation
do not accept V = C × R
do not accept V = A × R

accept provided

subsequent use of Δ correct

do not accept an equation expressed in units
1

(ii) 46
credit correct transformation for 1 mark
allow 1 mark for use of 11.5 V or division of final resistance by 20
a final answer of 920 gains 2 marks only
3

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ohm(s)
accept symbol Ω
do not accept Ω s
unit / symbol mark can be awarded in (iii) provided unit / symbol is
omitted in (ii)
1

(iii) 920 (ohms) or their (a)(ii) × 20

1

(b) as temperature increases, resistance increases

accept hotter for temperature increase
do not accept a reference to resistance only i.e. it / resistance goes
up
1
[7]

(a) in range 6 < I ≥ 13 A

6
for 1 mark
(no unit no mark)
1

(b) 4
gains 2 marks

(else working
gains 1 mark

(resistance of circuit correctly worked (2Ω))

2

(c) 72 (I2 R) ecf

gains 2 marks

else working
gains 1 mark

an answer of 36W (ie for one lamp) – (1)

2

(d) 1000 or 16.7 min (ecf from (c))

gains 2 marks

else working
gains 1 mark
(formula with incorrect substitution – no mark (12V)
2
[7]

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(a) ordinary cell has higher voltage (normally / at start)
7 or
ordinary cell 1.3V nicad 1.2V (normally / at start)
for 1 mark

voltage of ordinary cell falls more slowly

gains 1 mark

(accept ordinary cell lasts longer)

but
as above with relevant quantification e.g. falls to zero in 60 seconds
compared to 6 seconds
or
nicad falls to zero 10 times as fast
gains 2 marks
3

(b) (i) answer in range 32-34 (seconds) (inclusive)

gains 1 mark

but
answer in range 22-24 (seconds) (inclusive)
gains 2 marks

(ii) 12 (seconds)
gains 1 mark

but
2 (seconds)
gains 2 marks
4

(c) resistance of the lamp / filament changes / increases

gains 1 mark

but
resistance of the lamp / filament decreases
gains 2 marks

because the temperature of the filament falls / filament cools

for 1 mark
3
[10]

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(a) (i) 50 000
8
allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie
6 = 0.00012 × R
or 6 = 0.12 × R
or answers of 25 000 or 50 gain 1 mark
or allow 1 mark for an incorrect answer caused by one error only ie
using 3V or an incorrect conversion of current
2

ohm / Ω
an answer 50kΩ gains 3 marks
1

(ii) (body) resistance changes

or

body fat/resistance affected by (many) factors

accept named factor, eg age, gender, height, fitness, bone
structure, muscle, drinking water related to body fat / resistance
1

(iii) gives misleading / wrong/inaccurate value

do not credit if specifically linked to a change in mass / weight
1

(because) high water content changes body resistance

accept a specific change to resistance
water changes body mass is insufficient
1

(b) (i) RCCB – detects difference between current in live and neutral (wires)
accept RCCB can be reset
1

fuse – (overheats and) melts

accept blows for melts
1

(ii) switches the circuit / hedge trimmers off within 60 milliseconds

allow for 1 mark the RCCB / it is (very) fast.
do not accept the bigger the current the faster the RCCB
switches off
2
[10]

(a) (i) (connect) 30 (cells)

9 1

in series
1

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(ii) current always flows in the same direction
or
current only flows one way
1

(iii) 36 000
allow 1 mark for correctly converting 2 hours to 7200 seconds
answers 10 or 600 score 1 mark
2

coulombs / C
do not accept c
1

(b) (i) 2160

allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie ½ × 120 × 62
answers of 1620 or 540 score 1 mark
2

(ii) reduce it
1

any one from:

• draws a larger current (from battery)

• motor draws greater power (from battery)

accept energy per second for power
accept more energy needed to move the bicycle

• greater resistance force (to motion) / air resistance / drag / friction

accept less streamlined
more mass to carry is insufficient
1
[10]

(a) (i) 50(Hz)

10
ignore any unit given
1

(ii) any two from:

• (some) current flows to Earth

accept ground for Earth

• current flows through copper braid

accept current flows through the earth wire
accept electricity for current in either the first or second marking
point but not both

• RCCB detects difference between current in live and neutral wire

2
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(iii) can be reset
accept does not need replacing

or

faster acting
accept switches circuit off faster
1

(b) (i) 79 200

allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie 11 =

an answer 22 gains 1 mark

2

coulombs / C
do not accept c
1

(ii) 18 216 000

accept for 2 marks 18 216 kJ or 18.216 MJ

or

230 × their (b)(i) correctly calculated

allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie 230 × their (b)(i) or
allow 1 mark for power calculated as 2530(W)
2

(c) increases temperature of thermistor

1

changes resistance (of thermistor)

do not accept increases resistance (of thermistor)
an answer decreases resistance (of thermistor) gains 2 marks
1
[11]

(a) attempt to draw four cells in series

11 1

correct circuit symbols

circuit symbol should show a long line and a short line, correctly
joined together
example of correct circuit symbol:

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(b) (i) 6 (V)
allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie
V = 3 × 2 scores 1 mark
provided no subsequent step
2

(ii) 12 (V)
ecf from part (b)(i)
18 – 6
or
18 – their part (b)(i) scores 1 mark
2

(iii) 9 (Ω)
ecf from part (b)(ii) correctly calculated
3 + their part (b)(ii) / 2
or
18 / 2 scores 1 mark
provided no subsequent step
2

(c) (i) need a.c.

1

battery is d.c.
1

(ii) 3 (A)
allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie
18 × 2 = 12 × Is scores 1 mark
2
[12]

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