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    Introduction To Graphing

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    johnosborne
    The basics of graphing in Biology

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Introduction To Graphing

    Uploaded by

    johnosborne
    26 views25 pages
    The basics of graphing in Biology

    Original Title

    Introduction to Graphing

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    The basics of graphing in Biology

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views25 pages

    Introduction To Graphing

    Uploaded by

    johnosborne
    The basics of graphing in Biology

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 25

    Graphing in Science

    Why do we graph?

    • Visual representation of data


    • “Short hand” for presenting large amounts of information
    at once
    • Easier to visualize trends than by just using numbers or
    figures
    • More organized way of showing information
    Types of Graphs: Data Table
    Height (cm) of Jr. High Students by Grade

    • Used to organize data 7th


    140
    8th
    152
    9th
    160
    144 155 166

    collected 144
    150
    160
    166
    162
    180
    155 150 175
    130 152 177
    133 144 152
    152 155 188
    • Easily make transition from 140
    140
    155
    180
    159
    166
    141 182 165
    raw numbers into a visual 172
    180
    169
    160
    166
    167
    166 160 152
    representation 154
    155
    160
    155
    184
    170
    138 175 170
    166 153 162
    181 140 166
    154 145 180
    Types of Graphs: Bar Graph
    • Shows data as a
    side-by-side comparison
    of discrete data

    • X axis is usually used to


    plot independent variable

    • Y axis is usually used to


    plot dependent variable
    Types of Graphs: Line Graph
    • Usually shows a change
    over time or distance of
    connected data
    • X axis is used to plot
    independent variable (time,
    distance, etc.)
    • Y axis plots the dependent
    variable
    Types of Graphs: Scattergram
    • A graphic representation of
    points referencing two
    variables. The scattergram
    demonstrates the relationship
    between the variables.
    Scattergrams are most useful to
    represent the results of lab
    tests or statistical surveys.
    Often used to show a trend.
    Types of Graphs: Distribution curve
    A bell curve is most often used in
    statistical analysis and is a distribution
    for a variable. The highest point on the
    curve represents the most probable
    event in a series of data its mean, mode,
    and median), while all other possible
    occurrences are symmetrically distributed
    around the mean. The width of the bell
    curve is described by its standard
    deviation.
    Types of Graphs: Histogram
    • A histogram shows how
    often each different value in a
    set of data occurs. A
    histogram is the most
    commonly used graph to
    show frequency
    distributions.
    Types of Graphs: Pie Chart
    • Shows parts of a whole
    (percentages & proportions)

    • Must have all data available and


    no groups can share any data
    Parts of a Graph
    Graph Title

    Y Axis Label
    - Include units

    Legend
    X Axis Label
    Graph Title
    Y Axis Label

    Legend
    X Axis Label
    Graph Title
    Data Label
    Data Label

    Data Label

    Data Label
    Data Label
    Graphing Basics
    D-TAILS
    D-TAILS is an acronym used to help you remember everything you need to create a
    successful graph.
    D-TAILS
    • Data covers 50% of the graph area and is accurately placed.

    NO!!! YES!!!
    D- TAILS Hours of Sleep vs. Quiz Scores

    Title
    Includes what the graph is about and both
    the manipulated and responding variables.

    Often the title is the last part of the graph


    to be added.
    D-T AILS
    Hours of Sleep vs. Quiz Scores

    Axis Labels

    Quiz Scores
    Manipulated (INDEPENDENT)
    variable is always on the x-axis
    Responding (DEPENDENT) variable
    is always on the y-axis

    Sleep
    D-TA LS I
    Hours of Sleep vs. Quiz Scores

    100

    Interval Marks 75

    Quiz Scores
    Consistent spacing
    50
    Often no zero plot – depends on scale
    and data 25

    0
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
    Sleep
    L
    D-TAI S
    Hours of Sleep vs. Quiz Scores

    100

    Quiz Scores (%)


    Label Units 75
    In ( ) after the axis label, include the
    proper units (if there are units) 50

    25

    0
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
    Sleep (hrs)
    D-TAIL S
    Hours of Sleep vs. Quiz Scores

    100
    Scale

    Quiz Scores (%)


    Choose a scale that best fits the page 75

    Choose a scale that best projects the 50


    ‘curve’ – ie flat or steep
    25
    Not necessary to mark all numbers
    0
    May not be necessary to scale from 0
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
    Sleep (hrs)
    DRY/MIX
    Y-axis
    • Y axis runs vertical
    (↑) “DRY”
    Dependent/Responding Y axis
    • X axis runs horizontal
    ( →) “MIX”
    Manipulated Independent X axis X-axis
    D-TAILS

    • After drawing a graph, write a data analysis statement:

    This graph shows that as mv increases, rv


    Describe the Relationship
    Always draw a trend line (do NOT connect the dots) to show the mv/rv relationship .
    Describe the Relationship

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