College of Engineering Education

2nd Floor, B&E Building

Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082) 296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

UNIVERSITY OF MINDANAO
College of Engineering Education
Civil Engineering Program

Physically Distanced but Academically Engaged

Self-Instructional Manual (SIM) for

Self-Directed Learning (SDL)

Course/Subject: BCE 222 (Mechanics of Deformable Bodies)

Name of Teacher: Engr. Noroddin V. Melog
Author: Engr. Michelle A. Daarol

THIS SIM/SDL MANUAL IS A DRAFT VERSION ONLY; NOT FOR REPRODUCTION AND
DISTRIBUTION OUTSIDE OF ITS INTENDED USE. THIS IS INTENDED ONLY FOR THE
USE OF THE STUDENTS WHO ARE OFFICIALLY ENROLLED IN THE COURSE/SUBJECT.
EXPECT REVISIONS OF THE MANUAL.

Page 1 of 51
 College of Engineering Education
2nd Floor, B&E Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082) 296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

Course Outline: BCE 222 - (MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES)

Course Coordinator: Noroddin V. Melog, RCE

Email: [email protected]
Student Consultation: By appointment (thru SMS, email and LMS)
Mobile: 0916-5732-111
Phone: (082) 296-1084 or 300-5456 loc. 133
Effectivity Date: May 2020
Mode of Delivery: Blended (On-line with face to face or virtual sessions)
Time Frame: 90 hours
Student Workload: Expected Self-Directed Learning
Pre-requisite: CEE 117 (Statics of Rigid Bodies)
Co-requisite: CEE 118 (Dynamics of Rigid Bodies)
Credit: 5.0 units lecture
Attendance Requirements: A minimum of 95% attendance is required at all
scheduled Virtual or face-to-face sessions

Course Outline Policy

Areas of Concern Details

Contact and Non-contact Hours This 5-unit course self-instructional manual is designed
for blended learning mode of instructional delivery
with scheduled face to face or virtual sessions. The
expected number of hours will be 90 including the face-
to-face or virtual sessions. The face-to-face sessions
shall include the summative assessment tasks (exams)
since this course is crucial in the licensure examination
for civil engineers.
Assessment Task Submission Submission of assessment tasks shall be on 3rd, 5th, 7th
and 9th week of the term. The assessment paper shall be
attached with a cover page indicating the title of the
assessment task (if the task is performance), the name
of the course coordinator, date of submission and name
of the student. The document should be emailed to the
course coordinator. It is also expected that you already
paid your tuition and other fees before the submission
of the assessment task.

If the assessment task is done in real time through the

features in the Blackboard Learning Management
System, the schedule shall be arranged ahead of time by
the course coordinator.

Since this course is included in the licensure

examination for civil engineers, you will be required to
take the Multiple-Choice Question exam inside the
University. This should be scheduled ahead of time by

Page 2 of 51
 College of Engineering Education
2nd Floor, B&E Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082) 296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

your course coordinator. This is non-negotiable for all

licensure-based programs.
Turnitin Submission To ensure honesty and authenticity, all assessment
(if necessary) tasks are required to be submitted through Turnitin
with a maximum similarity index of 30% allowed. This
means that if your paper goes beyond 30%, the
students will either opt to redo her/his paper or explain
in writing addressed to the course coordinator the
reasons for the similarity. In addition, if the paper has
reached more than 30% similarity index, the student
may be called for a disciplinary action in accordance
with the University’s OPM on Intellectual and Academic
Honesty.

Please note that academic dishonesty such as cheating

and commissioning other students or people to
complete the task for you have severe punishments
(reprimand, warning, expulsion).
Penalties for Late The score for an assessment item submitted after the
Assignments/Assessments designated time on the due date, without an approved
extension of time, will be reduced by 5% of the possible
maximum score for that assessment item for each day
or part day that the assessment item is late.

However, if the late submission of assessment paper

has a valid reason, a letter of explanation should be
submitted and approved by the course coordinator. If
necessary, you will also be required to present/attach
evidences.
Return of Assignments/ Assessment tasks will be returned to you two (2) weeks
Assessments after the submission. This will be returned by email or
via Blackboard portal.

For group assessment tasks, the course coordinator will

require some or few of the students for online or virtual
sessions to ask clarificatory questions to validate the
originality of the assessment task submitted and to
ensure that all the group members are involved.
Assignment Resubmission You should request in writing addressed to the course
coordinator his/her intention to resubmit an
assessment task. The resubmission is premised on the
student’s failure to comply with the similarity index and
other reasonable grounds such as academic literacy
standards or other reasonable circumstances e.g.
illness, accidents financial constraints.
Re-marking of Assessment You should request in writing addressed to the program
Papers and Appeal coordinator your intention to appeal or contest the
score given to an assessment task. The letter should
explicitly explain the reasons/points to contest the
grade. The program coordinator shall communicate
with the students on the approval and disapproval of
the request.

Page 3 of 51
 College of Engineering Education
2nd Floor, B&E Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082) 296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

If disapproved by the course coordinator, you can

elevate your case to the program head or the dean with
the original letter of request. The final decision will
come from the dean of the college.
Grading System All culled from BlackBoard sessions and traditional
contact
Course discussions/exercises – 30%
1st formative assessment – 10%
2nd formative assessment – 10%
3rd formative assessment – 10%

All culled from on-campus/onsite sessions (TBA):

Final exam – 40%

Submission of the final grades shall follow the usual

University system and procedures.
Preferred Referencing Style Depends on the discipline; if uncertain or inadequate,
use the general practice of the APA 6th Edition.
Student Communication You are required to create a umindanao email account
which is a requirement to access the BlackBoard
portal. Then, the course coordinator shall enroll the
students to have access to the materials and resources
of the course. All communication formats: chat,
submission of assessment tasks, requests etc. shall be
through the portal and other university recognized
platforms.

You can also meet the course coordinator in person

through the scheduled face to face sessions to raise
your issues and concerns.

For students who have not created their student email,

please contact the course coordinator or program
head.
Contact Details of the Dean Dr. Charlito L. Cañesares
Email: [email protected]
Phone: (082) 296-1084 or 300-5456 loc. 133
Contact Details of the Program Engr. Showna Lee T. Sales
Head Email: [email protected]
Phone: (082) 296-1084 or 300-5456 loc. 133
Students with Special Needs Students with special needs shall communicate with the
course coordinator about the nature of his or her
special needs. Depending on the nature of the need, the
course coordinator with the approval of the program
coordinator may provide alternative assessment tasks
or extension of the deadline of submission of
assessment tasks. However, the alternative assessment
tasks should still be in the service of achieving the
desired course learning outcomes.
Help Desk Contact CEE Blackboard Administrator
Jetron J. Adtoon
[email protected]
09055267834
Page 4 of 51
 College of Engineering Education
2nd Floor, B&E Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082) 296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

CEE
Frida Santa O. Dagatan
[email protected]
09562082442
082-2272902

GSTC
Ronadora E. Deala, RPsy, RPm, RGC, LPT
[email protected]
09212122846

Silvino P. Josol
[email protected]
09060757721

Library Contact LIC

Brigida E. Bacani
[email protected]
09513766681

Course Information- see/download course syllabus in the BlackBoard LMS

CC’s Voice: Hello future engineer! Welcome to this course BCE 222 - (Mechanics of
Deformable Bodies). By now, I am confident that you really wanted to become a
civil engineer. Thus, by taking this subject, you will be equipped with the
necessary knowledge needed for all further structural subjects of Civil like
structural analysis and structural design. The application of Mechanics of
Deformable Bodies also includes other subjects like geotechnical engineering,
transportation engineering. You must be able to master this subject since this is
a basic subject for advanced civil engineering courses.

CO: Upon completion of the course, you are expected to:

CO 1. Explain the concepts of stress and strain in relation to material

deformation caused by the applied loads.
CO 2. Compute stresses due to bending, shears, and torsion under plain and
combined loadings.
CO 3. Analyze statically determinate and indeterminate structures in relation to
the beam criteria in terms of shear, moment, and deflection.
CO 4. Determine the elastic stability of columns generally subdivided into three
types: Short, Long, and Intermediate columns.
Let ug begin!

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 College of Engineering Education
2nd Floor, B&E Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082) 296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

Big Picture in Focus: ULO-8. develop a working knowledge and understanding

the deflection of beams using:

• Double Integration Method

• Double Integration Method using Bracket Function
• Moment-Area Method

Metalanguage

These are the frequent terms that you may encounter as you go along the course:

Deflection IIt is movement of a beam or node from its original position due
to the forces and loads being applied to the member.
Moment of Inertia It is a measure of how resistant an object is to changes in its
rotational motion.
Flexural Stress Stresses caused by the bending moment.

Essential Knowledge
In this chapter, we consider the deflection of statically determinate beams. Because the design of
beams is frequently governed by rigidity rather than strength, the computation of deflections is
an integral component of beam analysis:

• For example, building codes specify limits on deflections as well as stresses. Excessive
deflection of a beam not only is visually disturbing but also may cause damage to other
parts of the building.
• For this reason, building codes limit the maximum deflection of a beam to about 1/360th
of its span.

Deflections also play a crucial role in the analysis of statically indeterminate beams. They form
the bases for the compatibility equations that are needed to supplement the equations of
equilibrium, as we discovered in our analysis of axially loaded bars and torsion of shafts.

The two methods are:

• Method of Double integration

• Moment-Area Method

Page 6 of 51
 College of Engineering Education
2nd Floor, B&E Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082) 296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

Double Integration Method

𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) deflection

𝑑𝑣
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 ≈ 𝜃
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑥 = 𝜌𝑑𝜃

1 𝑑𝜃
=
𝜌 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝜃 = 𝑑𝑥
1 1 𝑑𝑣
= ( )𝑑 ( )
𝜌 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑑2𝑣
=
𝜌 𝑑𝑥 2

1 𝑑2𝑣
=
𝜌 𝑑𝑥 2
Page 7 of 51
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From the flexure formula,

1 𝑀
=
𝜌 𝐸𝐼

1 𝑑2 𝑣
Since =
𝜌 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑2𝑣 𝑀
=
𝑑𝑥 2 𝐸𝐼
𝒅𝟐 𝒗
𝑬𝑰 (𝒅𝒙𝟐 ) or 𝑬𝑰𝒚 " = 𝑀 (which is f(x))

Integrating,

𝐸𝐼𝑦 ′ = ∫ 𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶1 [slope equation]

A second integration gives,

𝐸𝐼𝑦 = ∬ 𝑀𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2 [deflection equation]

Boundary Conditions:

At fixed support:

𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 = 𝑦 ′ = 0 no slope

At hinged or roller support,

𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡 = 𝑦 = 0 no deflection

Example 4a-1. The cantilever beam AB of length L shown in the figure carries a uniformly
distributed load of intensity w0, which includes the weight of the beam. Compute the maximum
displacement if the beam is a W12 x 35 section ( I = 285 in4 ) using L = 8 ft, w0 = 400 lb/ft, and E
= 29 x 106 psi.

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Telefax: (082) 296-1084
Phone No.: (082)300-5456/300-0647 Local 133

Solution: The maximum displacement of the cantilever beam occurs at the free end:
′
𝐸𝐼𝑦 ′ = 𝑀

∑ 𝑀𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 0 𝐶𝑊 +
𝑥
−𝑤0 (𝑥) ( ) − 𝑀 = 0
2

−𝑤0 𝑥 2
𝑀=
2

′ −𝑤0 𝑥 2
𝐸𝐼𝑦 ′ =
2
Integrating,

′ −𝑤0 𝑥 2
∫ 𝐸𝐼𝑦 ′ = ∫
2

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Becomes,

−𝑤0 𝑥 3
𝐸𝐼𝑦 ′ = + 𝐶1 [𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛]
2(3)

Integrating,

−𝑤0 𝑥3
∫ 𝐸𝐼𝑦′ = ∫ + 𝐶1
2(3)
Becomes,

−𝑤0 𝑥 4
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2 [𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛]
2(3)(4)

Get rid of the constants by Boundary Conditions:

−𝑤0 𝑥 3
For slope equation: 𝐸𝐼𝑦 ′ = + 𝐶1
2(3)

at 𝑥 = 𝐿, 𝑦′ = 0

−𝑤0 (𝐿)3
𝐸𝐼(0) = + 𝐶1
2(3)

𝑤0 (𝐿)3 𝑤0 (𝐿)3
𝐶1 = =
2(3) 6

Thus, the final slope equation is:

−𝑤0 𝑥 3 𝑤0 (𝐿)3
′
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = +
6 6

−𝑤0 𝑥 4
For deflection equation: 𝐸𝐼𝑦 = + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2
2(3)(4)

𝑤0 (𝐿)3
at 𝑥 = 𝐿, 𝑦 = 0 and 𝐶1 =
6

−𝑤0 (𝐿)4 𝑤0 (𝐿)3

𝐸𝐼(0) = + ( ) (𝐿) + 𝐶2
2(3)(4) 6

−𝑤0 (𝐿)4
𝐶2 =
8
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Thus, the final slope equation is:

−𝑤0 𝑥 4 𝑤0 (𝐿)4 𝑤0 (𝐿)4

𝐸𝐼𝑦 = + ( )𝑥 −
−24 8 8

The maximum displacement of the beam can be found from the deflection equation and at the
free end, where 𝑥 = 0

−𝑤0 𝑥 4 𝑤0 (𝐿)4 𝑤0 (𝐿)4

Substituting 𝑥 = 0 in 𝐸𝐼𝑦 = + ( )𝑥 −
−24 8 8

−𝑤0 (0)4 𝑤0 (𝐿)4 𝑤0 (𝐿)4 𝑤0 (𝐿)4

𝐸𝐼𝑦 =
−24
+ (
8
) (0) − 8
= −
8

𝑤0 (𝐿)4
𝑦=−
8𝐸𝐼
𝑙𝑏
When 𝐿 = 8 𝑓𝑡, 𝑤0 = 400 𝑓𝑡 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸 = 29 𝑥 106 𝑝𝑠𝑖:

𝑙𝑏 1 𝑓𝑡 4 12 𝑖𝑛 4
𝑤0 (𝐿)4 400 ( ) (8 𝑓𝑡) ( )
𝑓𝑡 12 𝑖𝑛 1 𝑓𝑡
𝑦=− = −
8𝐸𝐼 𝑙𝑏
8(29 𝑥 106 ) ( 2 ) (285)𝑖𝑛4
𝑖𝑛

𝒚 = − 0.0428 in or 0.0428 ↓ Ans.

Example 4a-2. The simply supported beam show carries a load 20 kN/m across its span of 6 m
(including the beam weight). 𝐸 = 200 𝐺𝑃𝑎. Compute the following:

a. Slope at Support A.
b. Maximum deflection of the beam.
c. Maximum flexural stress of the beam.

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Solution:
a. Determine the reactions of the beam:

𝑏ℎ 3 150(250)3
And the moment of inertia of the beam: 12
= 12
= 195.3125 𝑥 106 𝑚𝑚4

𝑘𝑁
1 𝑥 106 4
𝐸𝐼 = 200 𝐺𝑃𝑎 ( 𝑚2 ) (195.3125 𝑥 106 𝑚𝑚4 ) ( 1 𝑚 ) = 39,062.5 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚2
1 𝐺𝑃𝑎 10004 𝑚𝑚4

𝐸𝐼𝑦 ′′ = 𝑀

∑ 𝑀𝑐𝑢𝑡 = 0 𝐶𝑊 +
𝑥
50𝑥 − 20(𝑥) ( ) − 𝑀 = 0
2

𝑀 = 50𝑥 − 10𝑥 2
′
𝐸𝐼𝑦 ′ = 50𝑥 − 10𝑥 2

Integrating,

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𝑥2 𝑥3
𝐸𝐼𝑦 ′ = 50 ( ) − 10 ( ) + 𝐶1
2 3

Integrating,

𝑥3 𝑥4
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 50 ( ) − 10 ( ) + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2
2(3) 3(4)

Getting rid of constants:

At 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑦 = 0 :

𝑥3 𝑥4
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 50 ( ) − 10 ( ) + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2
2(3) 3(4)
03 04
𝐸𝐼(0) = 50 ( ) − 10 ( ) + 𝐶1 (0) + 𝐶2
2(3) 3(4)

𝐶2 = 0

At 𝑥 = 5 ; 𝑦 = 0 and now 𝐶2 = 0
𝑥3 𝑥4
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 50 ( ) − 10 ( ) + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2
2(3) 3(4)
53 54
𝐸𝐼(0) = 50 ( ) − 10 ( ) + 𝐶1 (5) + 0
2(3) 3(4)

−625
𝐶1 = 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚2
6

Thus slope equation:

𝑥2 𝑥3 625
𝐸𝐼𝑦 ′ = 50 ( ) − 10 ( ) −
2 3 6

a. Slope at Support A, when x = 0:

02 03 625
(39,062.5 )𝑦 ′ = 50 ( ) − 10 ( ) −
2 3 6
625
− 6 k𝑁 − 𝑚2 1 180°
′
𝑦 = 2
=− 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑥 ( ) = −𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟐𝟖° 𝒐𝒓 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟐𝟖° 𝑪𝑾
39,062.5 k𝑁 − 𝑚 375 𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑

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0. 𝟏𝟓𝟐𝟖°

Thus deflection equation:

𝑥3 𝑥4 625
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 50 ( ) − 10 ( ) + (− )𝑥
2(3) 3(4) 6

b. Maximum deflection is at midspan, when x = 2.5 m:

2.53 2.54 625

(39,062.5 )𝑦 = 50 ( ) − 10 ( ) + (− ) (2.5)
2(3) 3(4) 6

−1
𝑦= 𝑚 ≈ −4. 17 𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑟 𝟒. 𝟏𝟕 𝒎𝒎 ↓ 𝑨𝒏𝒔.
240

c. Maximum flexural stress of the beam:

𝑀𝑦
𝑓𝑏 =
𝐼
𝑤𝐿2 20(5)2
M= 8
= 8
= 62.5 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

1,000 𝑁 1,000 𝑚𝑚
(62.5 𝑘𝑁−𝑚)( )( )(75 𝑚𝑚)
𝑓𝑏 = 1 𝑘𝑁
6
1𝑚
4 = 𝟐𝟒 𝑴𝑷𝒂 Ans.
195.3125 𝑥 10 𝑚𝑚

Double Integration Method Using Bracket Functions

Evaluating the constants of integration that arise in the double-integration method can
become very involved if more than two beam segments must be analyzed. We can simplify the
calculations by expressing the bending moment in terms of discontinuity functions, also known
as Macaulay bracket functions. Discontinuity functions enable us to write a single expression for
the bending moment that is valid for the entire length of the beam, even if the loading is
discontinuous. By integrating a single, continuous expression for the bending moment, we obtain
equations for slopes and deflections that are also continuous everywhere.

Illustration:

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We cut the sections into three segments:

Note that in each successive segment an extra term is added to M, while the rest
of the expression remains unchanged. This pattern suggests using the expression:

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Assumption:

• This expression, valid over the entire length of the beam, is called the global bending
moment equation for the beam. Its integrals, representing the slope and deflection of the
beam, are continuous functions.
• The double integration of the equation automatically assures continuity of deformation.
• If at the cut section, the load is discontinuous extend it and apply also the same magnitude
at the bottom of the beam.
• If the answer inside the bracket (𝑥 − 𝑎) is negative, then that is considered as zero
already.

Example 4a-3. The simply supported beam ABC in Fig. (a) carries a concentrated load of 300 N
as shown. Determine the equations for the slope and deflection of the beam using:

𝐸𝐼 = 20.48 𝑥 103 𝑁 − 𝑚2

a. Determine the deflection at 1 m from the leftmost support.

b. Determine the maximum deflection of the beam.

Solution:

𝐸𝐼𝑦" = 𝑀
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Cutting the beam at the far end segment:

𝑀 = 100𝑥 − 300 (𝑥 − 2)

𝐸𝐼𝑦" = 100𝑥 − 300 (𝑥 − 2)

𝑥2 (𝑥 − 2)2
𝐸𝐼𝑦 ′ = 100 ( ) − 300 ( ) + 𝐶1
2 2
𝑥3 (𝑥 − 2)3
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 100 ( ) − 300 ( ) + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2
2(3) 2(3)

Getting rid of the constants:

Not considered anymore,
At 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0 : because the answer of the
bracket is 0.
𝑥3 (𝑥 − 2)3
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 100 ( ) − 300 ( ) + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2
2(3) 2(3)
03 (0 − 2)3
𝐸𝐼(0) = 100 ( ) − 300 ( ) + 𝐶1 (0) + 𝐶2
2(3) 2(3)

𝐶2 = 0

At 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 0 :

𝑥3 (𝑥 − 2)3
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 100 ( ) − 300 ( ) + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2
2(3) 2(3)
33 (3 − 2)3
𝐸𝐼(0) = 100 ( ) − 300 ( ) + 𝐶1 (3) + 0
2(3) 2(3)

33 (3 − 2)3
0 = 100 ( ) − 300 ( ) + 𝐶1 (3) + 0
2(3) 2(3)

400
𝐶1 = − 3
𝑁 − 𝑚2
Thus, the deflection equation is:

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𝑥3 (𝑥 − 2)3 400
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 100 ( ) − 300 ( )− 𝑥
2(3) 2(3) 3

a. At x = 1 ,

(1)3 (1 − 2)3 400

(20.48 𝑥 103 )𝑦 = 100 ( ) − 300 ( )− (1)
2(3) 2(3) 3

(1)3 400
(20.48 𝑥 103 )𝑦 = 100 ( )− (1)
2(3) 3

𝒚 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟕 𝒎 ≈ 𝟓. 𝟕 𝒎𝒎 ↓ Ans.

b. At x = 2, where max deflection is:

(2)3 (2 − 2)3 400

(20.48 𝑥 103 )𝑦 = 100 ( ) − 300 ( )− (2)
2(3) 2(3) 3

𝒚 = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟓𝟏 𝒎 ≈ 𝟔, 𝟓𝟏 𝒎𝒎 ↓ Ans.

Example 4a-4. Find the maximum displacement of the cantilever beam. 𝐸𝐼 = 30,000 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚2.

𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝑵/𝒎

𝟒𝒎 𝟒𝒎

Solution:

Solve for Reactions:

2𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑵-m

𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑵
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We can cut it into two ways, depending on the convenience,

First, say:

𝑥 (𝑥 − 4)
𝑀 = −10𝑥 ( ) + 10(𝑥 − 2)
2 2

𝑀 = −5𝑥 2 + 5(𝑥 − 4)2

𝐸𝐼𝑦" = 𝑀

𝐸𝐼𝑦" = −5𝑥 2 + 5(𝑥 − 4)2

′
−5𝑥 3 5(𝑥 − 4)3
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = + + 𝐶1
3 3
4 4
−5𝑥 5(𝑥 − 4)
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = + + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2
3(4) 3(4)
For constants:

At x = 8 m, 𝑦 ′ = 0 :

−5(8)3 5(8 − 4)3

𝐸𝐼(0) = + + 𝐶1
3 3
2240
𝐶1 =
3
At x = 8 m, 𝑦 = 0 :

−5(8)4 5(8 − 4)4 2240

𝐸𝐼(0) = + + ( ) (8) + 𝐶2
3(4) 3(4) 3

−13120
𝐶2 =
3
Thus, deflection equation is:

−5𝑥 4 5(𝑥 − 4)4 2240 13120

𝐸𝐼𝑦 = + + ( )𝑥 −
3(4) 3(4) 3 3
Max displacement is at 𝑥 = 0

−5(0)4 5(0 − 2)4 2240 13120

(30,000)𝑦 = + + ( ) (0) −
3(4) 3(4) 3 3
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13120
(30,000)𝑦 = −
3

𝑦 = 0.1458 𝑚 ≈ 𝟏𝟒𝟓. 𝟖 𝒎𝒎 ↓

Or, we can cut from right to left:

(𝑥 − 4)2
𝑀 = 40𝑥 − 10 ( ) − 240
2

𝑀 = 40𝑥 − 5(𝑥 − 4)2 − 240

𝐸𝐼𝑦" = 𝑀

𝐸𝐼𝑦" = 40𝑥 − 5(𝑥 − 4)2 − 240

𝑥2 (𝑥 − 4)3
𝐸𝐼𝑦 ′ = 40 ( )− 5( ) − 240𝑥 + 𝐶1
2 3

𝑥3 (𝑥 − 4)4 𝑥2
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 40 ( )− 5( ) − 240 ( ) + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2
2(3) 3(4) 2

Boundary Conditions:

′
𝑥2 (𝑥 − 4)3 𝑥2
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 40 ( ) − 5 ( ) − 240 ( ) + 𝐶1
2 3 2
At 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦′ = 0

02 (0 − 4)3 02
𝐸𝐼(0) = 40 ( )− 5( ) − 240 ( ) + 𝐶1
2 3 2

𝐶1 = 0
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At 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0

03 (0 − 4)4 03
𝐸𝐼(0) = 40 ( )− 5( ) − 240 ( ) + (0)𝑥 + 𝐶2
2(3) 3(4) 2(3)

𝐶2 = 0
Thus, deflection equation is :

𝑥3 (𝑥 − 4)4 𝑥2
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 40 ( )− 5( ) − 240 ( )
2(3) 3(4) 2

Max displacement at 𝑥 = 8 𝑚

83 (8 − 4)4 82
(30,000)𝑦 = 40 ( )− 5( ) − 240 ( )
2(3) 3(4) 2

13120
(30,000)𝑦 = −
3

𝑦 = 0.1458 𝑚 ≈ 𝟏𝟒𝟓. 𝟖 𝒎𝒎 ↓

Example 4a-5. Determine the equation of the elastic curve for the overhanging beam; and (b)
calculate the value of 𝐸𝐼𝑦 midway between the supports.

Solution:

𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝑵 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑵
Cut at the far end:

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(𝒙 − 𝟔)𝟐
𝑴 = −𝟑𝟎𝟎𝒙 + 𝟐, 𝟕𝟎𝟎 − 𝟑𝟎𝟎 + 𝟐, 𝟏𝟎𝟎(𝒙 − 𝟗)
𝟐

(𝑥 − 6)2
𝐸𝐼𝑦" = −300𝑥 + 2700(𝑥 − 3)0 − 300 + 2,100(𝑥 − 9)
2

𝑥2 (𝑥 − 3)1 (𝑥 − 6)3 (𝑥 − 9)2

𝐸𝐼𝑦 ′ = −300 () + 2700 ( ) − 300 ( ) + 2,100 ( ) + 𝐶1
2 1 6 2
𝑥3 (𝑥 − 3)2 (𝑥 − 6)4 (𝑥 − 9)3
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = −300 ( ) + 2700 ( ) − 300 ( ) + 2,100 ( ) + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2
6 2 24 6

For constants:

𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0

03 (0 − 3)2 (0 − 6)4 (0 − 9)3

𝐸𝐼(0) = −300 ( ) + 2700 ( ) − 300 ( ) + 2,100 ( ) + 𝐶1 (0) + 𝐶2
6 2 24 6
𝐶2 = 0

𝑎𝑡 𝑥 = 9, 𝑦 = 0

93 (9 − 3)2 (9 − 6)4 (9 − 9)3

𝐸𝐼(0) = −300 ( ) + 2700 ( ) − 300 ( ) + 2,100 ( ) + 𝐶1 (9) + 0
6 2 24 6

93 (9 − 3)2 (9 − 6)4 (9 − 9)3

0 = −300 ( ) + 2700 ( ) − 300 ( ) + 2,100 ( ) + 𝐶1 (9) + 0
6 2 24 6

𝐶1 = −1,237.5
Equation of the elastic curve is the equation for deflection:

𝒙𝟑 (𝒙 − 𝟑)𝟐 (𝒙 − 𝟔)𝟒 (𝒙 − 𝟗)𝟑

𝑬𝑰𝒚 = −𝟑𝟎𝟎 ( ) + 𝟐𝟕𝟎𝟎 ( ) − 𝟑𝟎𝟎 ( ) + 𝟐, 𝟏𝟎𝟎 ( ) − 𝟏, 𝟐𝟑𝟕. 𝟓𝒙
𝟔 𝟐 𝟐𝟒 𝟔

EIy at midspan between supports, 𝑥 = 4.5 𝑚:

4.53 (4.5 − 3)2 (4.5 − 6)4 (4.5 − 9)3

𝐸𝐼𝑦 = −300 ( ) + 2700 ( ) − 300 ( ) + 2,100 ( ) − 1,237.5(4.5)
6 2 24 6

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4.53 (4.5 − 3)2

𝐸𝐼𝑦 = −300 ( ) + 2700 ( ) − 1,237.5(4.5)
6 2

𝑬𝑰𝒚 = −𝟕𝟎𝟖𝟕. 𝟓 N-𝒎𝟑 Ans.

𝑘𝑁
Example 4a-6. Determine the maximum deflection of the cantilever beam.𝑤0 = 30 𝑚
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿=
10 𝑚. 𝐸 = 100,000 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚2

Solution:

𝑦 30
=
𝑥−5 5

𝑦 = 6(𝑥 − 5)

1 (𝑥 − 5)
𝑀 = 75𝑥 − 625 − 𝑦(𝑥 − 5) ( )
2 3

1 (𝑥 − 5)
𝐸𝐼𝑦′′ = 75𝑥 − 625 − 𝑦(𝑥 − 5) ( )
2 3
1 (𝑥−5)
𝐸𝐼𝑦′′ = 75𝑥 − 625 − [6(𝑥 − 5)](𝑥 − 5) ( )
2 3

𝐸𝐼𝑦′′ = 75𝑥 − 625 − (𝑥 − 5)3

𝑥2 (𝑥 − 5)4
𝐸𝐼𝑦 ′ = 75 ( ) − 625𝑥 − ( ) + 𝐶1
2 4

𝑥3 𝑥2 (𝑥 − 5)5
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 75 ( ) − 625 ( ) − ( ) + 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2
2(3) 2 4(5)

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Boundary Conditions:

At 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑦′ = 0

02 (0 − 5)4
𝐸𝐼(0) = 75 ( ) − 625𝑥 − ( ) + 𝐶1
2 4

𝐶1 = 0

At 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑦 = 0

(0)3 (0)2 (0 − 5)5

𝐸𝐼(0) = 75 ( ) − 625 ( )− ( ) + 𝐶1 (0) + 𝐶2
2(3) 2 4(5)

𝐶2 = 0

Thus, deflection equation:

𝑥3 𝑥2 (𝑥 − 5)5
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 75 ( ) − 625 ( ) − ( )
2(3) 2 4(5)

For maximum deflection, x = 10 m and EI = 100,000 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚2 :

(10)3 (10)2 ((10) − 5)5

(100,000)𝑦 = 75 ( ) − 625 ( )− ( )
2(3) 2 4(5)

𝑦 = −0.189 𝑚 ≈ 𝟏𝟖𝟗 𝒎𝒎 ↓

*Self-Help! You can also refer to the sources below to help

you further understand the lesson:
*Pytel, A., Kiusalaas J. (2010). Mechanics of Materials. Phil. Edition, Cengage Learning

*R. C. Hibbeler (2008). Mechanics of Materials. (7th Ed). Pearson Prentice Hall

Let’s Check!

1. Determine the slope and deflection at B if L = 10 m if P = 50 kN.

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2. Determine the slope and deflection at L if a= 3 m, b = 7 m.

3. Determine the slope and deflection at L if w0= 10 kN/ m, L = 10 m.

.
4. Determine the slope and deflection at L if w0= 10 kN/ m, a= 3 m, b = 7 m

5. Determine the slope and deflection at L if w0= 10 kN/ m, L =10 m.

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Let’s Analyze!

1. Compute the 𝐸𝐼𝑦 at the free end of the beam.

2. The cantilever beam is a 15-ft long 𝐸 = 20 𝑥 106 psi; I = 82.8 𝑖𝑛4 . Calculate the
maximum displacement of the beam.

3. For the simply supported beam, compute the:

a. value of EIy at midspan.

b. Slope of the beam at the left most support

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In the Nutshell!

1. For the simply supported beam ABC, determine 𝐸𝑖𝑦 at point B.

2. Determine the value of EIy at point A of the overhanging beam ABC.

Moment-Area Method

The moment-area method is useful for determining the slope or deflection of a beam at a
specified location. It is a semi graphical method in which the integration of the bending moment
is carried out indirectly, using the geometric properties of the area under the bending moment
diagram. As in the method of double integration, we assume that the deformation is within the
elastic range, resulting in small slopes and small displacements.

First Moment-Area Theorem

𝐵
𝑀
𝜃𝐵/𝐴 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚|
𝐸𝐼 𝐴

Second Moment-Area Theorem

𝐵
𝑀
𝑡𝐵/𝐴 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚| ∙ 𝑥̅𝐵
𝐸𝐼 𝐴
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𝐴
𝑀
𝑡𝐴/𝐵 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚| ∙ 𝑥̅𝐴
𝐸𝐼 𝐵

Note that:

𝑡𝐵/𝐴 → 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐵 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝐴

𝑡𝐴/𝐵 → 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝐵

In general, 𝒕𝑩/𝑨 ≠ 𝒕𝑨/𝑩

Sign Conventions:

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The tangential deviation 𝑡𝐵/𝐴 is positive if B lies

above the tangent line drawn to the elastic
curve at A, and negative if B lies below the
tangent line.

Positive 𝜃𝐵/𝐴 has a counterclockwise direction,

whereas negative 𝜃𝐵/𝐴 has a clockwise
direction.

Bending Diagram by Parts:

Illustration:

Draw the moment diagram by parts of the following beam:

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We can draw the moment diagram by parts of the reactions and loads, bringing all to C,
(support C now becomes a fixed support) so that it becomes like this:

Moment Diagram by Parts:

𝟐°
Or we can bring all to B such that:

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𝟐°

whichever is convenient.

∑(𝑀𝐵 )𝑅 = ∑(𝑀𝐵 )𝐿

Take note of the following:

Application of the moment-area method:

Cantilever Beams:

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Tangent at A is horizontal

𝐵
𝑀
𝑡𝐵/𝐴 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚| ∙ ̅/𝑩
𝒙
𝐸𝐼 𝐴

So 𝒚𝑩 = 𝜹𝑩 = 𝒕𝑩/𝑨

Simply Supported Beams

𝒚𝑩 = 𝜹𝑩
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Example 4a-7. The cantilever beam AB of length L shown in the figure carries a uniformly
distributed load of intensity w0, which includes the weight of the beam. Compute the maximum
displacement if the beam is a W12 x 35 section ( I = 285 in4 ) using L = 8 ft, w0 = 400 lb/ft, and E
= 29 x 106 psi.

Solution:

Solve the reactions of the beam:

Draw the deflection curve and the tangent to the curve:

Thus,
𝑨
𝑴
𝒕𝑨/𝑩 = 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 ̅𝑨
𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎| ∙ 𝒙
𝑬𝑰 𝑩

It is much convenient to draw the Moment Diagram by Parts, bringing all together to point B.

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̅𝑨
𝒙

−400(82 )
= −12,800
2

𝐴
𝑀 1 1 1 3 −204,800
𝒕𝑨/𝑩 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚| ∙ 𝑥̅𝐴 = ( 𝑏ℎ) ( 𝑏) = ( (−12,800)(8)) ( (8)) = 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑓𝑡 3
𝐸𝐼 𝐵 3 4 3 4 𝐸𝐼

Thus,

123 𝑖𝑛3
−204,800 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑓𝑡3 ( )
1 𝑓𝑡3 −204,800𝑥123 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑖𝑛2
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝒕𝑨/𝑩 = = = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟐𝟖 𝒊𝒏 ↓
𝐸𝐼 𝑙𝑏
(29 𝑥 106 ) (285 𝑖𝑛4 )
𝑖𝑛2

Or alternative solution:

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3200(8) = 25,600

−12800
𝐴
𝑀
𝒕𝑨/𝑩 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚| ∙ 𝑥̅𝐴
𝐸𝐼 𝐵

1 1 1 1 8
= ( (−12800)(8)) ( (8)) + ( (25,600)(8)) ( (8)) + (−12800)(8) ( )
3 4 2 3 2

−204,800 819,200 409,600 −204,800

𝒕𝑨/𝑩 = 3𝐸𝐼
+ 3𝐸𝐼
− 𝐸𝐼
= 𝐸𝐼
lb - 𝑓𝑡 3

Thus,

123 𝑖𝑛3
−204,800 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑓𝑡3 ( )
1 𝑓𝑡3 −204,800𝑥123 𝑙𝑏 − 𝑖𝑛2
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝒕𝑨/𝑩 = = = −𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟐𝟖 𝒊𝒏 ↓
𝐸𝐼 𝑙𝑏
(29 𝑥 106 ) (285 𝑖𝑛4 )
𝑖𝑛2
Example 4a-8. The simply supported beam show carries a load 20 kN/m across its span of 6 m
(including the beam weight). 𝐸 = 200 𝐺𝑃𝑎. Compute the following:

a. Slope at Support A.
b. Maximum deflection of the beam.
c. Maximum flexural stress of the beam.

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Solution:
b. Determine the reactions of the beam:

𝑏ℎ 3 150(250)3
And the moment of inertia of the beam: 12
= 12
= 195.3125 𝑥 106 𝑚𝑚4

𝑘𝑁
1 𝑥 106 4
𝐸𝐼 = 200 𝐺𝑃𝑎 ( 𝑚2 ) (195.3125 𝑥 106 𝑚𝑚4 ) ( 1 𝑚 ) = 39,062.5 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚2
1 𝐺𝑃𝑎 10004 𝑚𝑚4

Draw the deflection curve and the tangent to the curve:

𝜽𝑨

Draw the Moment Diagram by Parts, bringing all together at B.

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a. For slope at A:
𝑡𝐵/𝐴
𝜃𝐴 =
𝐿

𝑀 𝐵
where: 𝑡𝐵/𝐴 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐸𝐼
𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚| ∙ 𝑥̅𝐵
𝐴

1 1 1 1 3125
𝑡𝐵/𝐴 = ( (250)(5)) ( (5)) + ( (−250)(5)) ( (5)) = −
2 3 3 4 6𝐸𝐼

𝑡𝐵 −3125 −625
( ) ( ) 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚2
𝜃𝐴 = = 𝐴6𝐸𝐼 = 6
𝐿 5 𝐸𝐼

−625
( 6 ) 𝑘𝑁−= 𝑚2 −1
𝜃𝐴 = 2
= 𝑟𝑎𝑑
39,062.5 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚 375
1 180°
𝜃𝐴 = − 375 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑥 𝜋
= −𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟑° or 0.153° 𝑪𝑾

For maximum deflection:

𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜃𝐴 (2.5) − 𝑡𝐶/𝐴

𝑀 𝐶
Where 𝑡𝐶/𝐴 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐸𝐼
𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚| ∙ 𝑥̅𝐴
𝐴

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1 1 1 1 −3125
𝑡𝐶/𝐴 = ( (125)(2.5)) ( (2.5)) + ( (−62.5)(2.5)) ( (2.5)) =
2 3 3 4 32𝐸𝐼

𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜃𝐴 (2.5) − 𝑡𝐶/𝐴

15625
−625 −3125 96 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚3
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (2.5) − =
6𝐸𝐼 32𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
15625
− 𝑘𝑁−𝑚3 −1
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 39,062.5
96
𝑘𝑁−𝑚 2
= 240
𝑚 ≈ −𝟒. 𝟏𝟕 𝒎𝒎 𝒐𝒓 𝟒. 𝟏𝟕 𝒎𝒎 ↓

c. Maximum flexural stress of the beam:

𝑀𝑦
𝑓𝑏 =
𝐼
𝑤𝐿2 20(5)2
M= = = 62.5 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
8 8

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1,000 𝑁 1,000 𝑚𝑚
(62.5 𝑘𝑁−𝑚)( )( )(75 𝑚𝑚)
𝑓𝑏 = 1 𝑘𝑁 1𝑚
195.3125 𝑥 106 𝑚𝑚4
= 𝟐𝟒 𝑴𝑷𝒂 Ans.

Example 4a-9. The simply supported beam ABC in Fig. (a) carries a concentrated load of 300 N
as shown.

𝐸𝐼 = 20.48 𝑥 103 𝑁 − 𝑚2

a. Determine the deflection at 1 m from the leftmost support.

b. Determine the maximum deflection of the beam.

Solution:

Draw the deflection curve and the tangent to the curve:

𝜽𝑨

Draw the Moment Diagram by Parts, bring together at C.

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a. For deflection at 1 m from the left support, at point D:

𝑦𝐷 = 𝜃𝐴 (1 𝑚) − 𝑡𝐷/𝐴

And

𝑡𝐶/𝐴
𝜃𝐴 =
3𝑚
𝐶
𝑀
𝑡𝐶/𝐴 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚| ∙ 𝑥̅𝐶
𝐸𝐼 𝐴

1 1 1 1 (−)400
𝑡𝐶/𝐴 = ( (300)(3)) ( (3)) + ( (−300)(1)) ( (1)) = 𝑁 − 𝑚3
2 3 2 3 𝐸𝐼

−400 3
𝜃𝐴 =
𝑡𝐶/𝐴
= 𝐸𝐼 𝑁 − 𝑚 = −400 𝑁 − 𝑚2
3𝑚 3𝑚 3𝐸𝐼
𝐷
𝑀
𝑡𝐷/𝐴 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚| ∙ 𝑥̅𝐷
𝐸𝐼 𝐴

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1 1 50
𝑡𝐷/𝐴 = ( (100)(1)) ( (1)) = (−) 𝑁 − 𝑚3
2 3 3𝐸𝐼

𝑦𝐷 = 𝜃𝐴 (1 𝑚) − 𝑡𝐷/𝐴

−400 −50 −350

𝑦𝐷 = (1 𝑚) − = 𝑁 − 𝑚3
3𝐸𝐼 3𝐸𝐼 3𝐸𝐼

−350 𝑁 − 𝑚3
𝑦𝐷 = = −0.0057 𝑚 ≈ 𝟓. 𝟕 𝒎𝒎 ↓
3(20.48 𝑥 103 ) 𝑁 − 𝑚3

b. Determine the maximum deflection of the beam, at point B:

𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜃𝐴 (2 𝑚) − 𝑡𝐵/𝐴
𝐵
𝑀
𝑡𝐵/𝐴 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚| ∙ 𝑥̅𝐵
𝐸𝐼 𝐴

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1 1 400
𝑡𝐵/𝐴 = ( (200)(2)) ( (2)) = (−) 𝑁 − 𝑚3
2 3 3𝐸𝐼

𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜃𝐴 (2 𝑚) − 𝑡𝐵/𝐴

−400 −400 −400

𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (2 𝑚) − = 𝑁 − 𝑚3
3𝐸𝐼 3𝐸𝐼 3𝐸𝐼

−400 𝑁 − 𝑚3
𝑦𝐷 = = −0.00651 𝑚 ≈ 𝟔. 𝟓𝟏 𝒎𝒎 ↓
3(20.48 𝑥 103 ) 𝑁 − 𝑚3

Example 4a-10. Find the maximum displacement of the cantilever beam. 𝐸𝐼 =

30,000 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚2 .

𝟏𝟎 𝒌𝑵/𝒎

𝟒𝒎 𝟒𝒎

Solution:

Solve for Reactions:

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2𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑵-m

𝟒𝟎 𝒌𝑵
Draw the deflection curve and the tangent to the curve:

Draw the Moment Diagram By parts, it is much convenient to bring all together to A.

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𝐴
𝑀
𝑡𝐴/𝐵 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚| ∙ 𝑥̅𝐴
𝐸𝐼 𝐵

1 1 1 1 1
𝑡𝐴/𝐵 = ( (−80)(4)) ( (4)) + ( (320)(8)) ( (8)) + ((−240)(8)) ( (8))
3 4 2 3 2

−320 10,240 −13,120

𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑡𝐴/𝐵 = + + (−7680) = 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚3
3 3 3𝐸𝐼

−13,120 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚3
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = −0.145.8 𝑚 ≈ −145.8 𝑚 𝑜𝑟 𝟏𝟒𝟓. 𝟖 𝒎𝒎 ↓
3(30,000) 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚2

OR ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION:

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𝐴
𝑀
𝑡𝐴/𝐵 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚| ∙ 𝑥̅𝐴
𝐸𝐼 𝐵

1 3 1 3
𝑡𝐴/𝐵 = ( (−320)(8)) ( (8)) + ( (80)(4)) (( (4)) + 4)
3 4 3 4

2,240 −13,120
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑡𝐴/𝐵 = −5120 + = 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚3
3 3𝐸𝐼

−13,120 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚3
𝑦𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = −0.145.8 𝑚 ≈ −145.8 𝑚 𝑜𝑟 𝟏𝟒𝟓. 𝟖 𝒎𝒎 ↓
3(30,000) 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚2

Example 4a-11. Calculate the value of 𝐸𝐼𝑦 midway between the supports.

Solution:

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𝟑𝟎𝟎 𝑵 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑵
Draw the deflection curve and the tangent to the curve

𝑦𝐷 = 𝜃𝐴 (4.5 𝑚) − 𝑡𝐷/𝐴

𝑡𝐵/𝐴
𝜃𝐴 =
9𝑚
𝐵
𝑀
𝑡𝐵/𝐴 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚| ∙ 𝑥̅𝐵
𝐸𝐼 𝐴

Draw the Moment Diagram by Parts, bring together to B:

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1 1 6 1 1
𝑡𝐵/𝐴 = ( (−2700)(9)) ( (9)) + (−2700)(6) ( ) + ( (−1350)(3)) ( (3))
2 3 2 3 4

2025 −172,125
𝑡𝐵/𝐴 = −36,450 + −48600 − = 𝑁 − 𝑚3
2 2𝐸𝐼

−172,125
𝑡𝐵/𝐴 2𝐸𝐼 𝑁 − 𝑚3 −19,125
𝜃𝐴 = = = 𝐸𝐼
9𝑚 9 2
𝐷
𝑀
𝑡𝐷/𝐴 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚| ∙ 𝑥̅𝐷
𝐸𝐼 𝐴

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1 1 1.5 −30,375
𝑡𝐷/𝐴 = ( (−1,350)(4.5)) ( (4.5)) + (−2700)(1.5) ( ) = 𝑁 − 𝑚3
2 3 2 4𝐸𝐼

−19,125 −30,375 −38,475

𝑦𝐷 = 𝜃𝐴 (4.5 𝑚) − 𝑡𝐷 = (4.5) − ( )=
𝐴 2𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼

Let’s Check!

1. Determine the slope and deflection at B if L = 10 m if P = 50 kN.

2. Determine the slope and deflection at L if a= 3 m, b = 7 m.

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3. Determine the slope and deflection at L if w0= 10 kN/ m, L = 10 m.

.
4. Determine the slope and deflection at L if w0= 10 kN/ m, a= 3 m, b = 7 m

5. Determine the slope and deflection at L if w0= 10 kN/ m, L =10 m.

Let’s Analyze!

6. Compute the 𝐸𝐼𝑦 at the free end of the beam.

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7. The cantilever beam is a 15-ft long 𝐸 = 20 𝑥 106 psi; I = 82.8 𝑖𝑛4 . Calculate the
maximum displacement of the beam.

8. For the simply supported beam, compute the:

c. value of EIy at midspan.

d. Slope of the beam at the left most support

In the Nutshell!

1. For the simply supported beam ABC, determine 𝐸𝑖𝑦 at point B.

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2. Determine the value of EIy at point A of the overhanging beam ABC.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

*Self-Help! You can also refer to the sources below to help

you further understand the lesson:

*Pytel, A., Kiusalaas J. (2010). Mechanics of Materials. Phil. Edition, Cengage Learning

*R. C. Hibbeler (2008). Mechanics of Materials. (7th Ed). Pearson Prentice Hall

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