Social Studies Standard Three

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Social Studies
Standard Three
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Pupil’s Book
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Tanzania Institute of Education
Social Studies STD 3.indd 1 18/10/2021 10:22

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@Tanzania Institute of NOT DUPLICATE
Education, 2019
Published 2019
Second Edition 2021
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ISBN 978-9987-09-323-6
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P. O. Box 35094
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Dar es Salaam - Tanzania
Mobile numbers: +255 735 041 170/ +255 735 041 168
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E-mail: [email protected]
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Website: www.tie.go.tz
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All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, stored in

a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,
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electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise

without prior written permission of the Tanzania Institute of
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Education.
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contents
Acknowledgements........................................................... iv
Introduction......................................................................... v
Chapter One
Our environment................................................................... 1
Chapter Two
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Weather conditions in our environment............................... 18
Chapter Three
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Our culture........................................................................... 24
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Chapter Four
Good relationships................................................................ 33
Chapter Five
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Our national leaders............................................................. 46
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Chapter Six
Map reading....................................................................................54
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Chapter Seven
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The Solar system............................................................................64

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Chapter Eight
Our resources........................................................................70
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Chapter Nine
Income generating activities.........................................................77
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Chapter Ten
Opportunities in various areas.....................................................82
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Revision Questions....................................................................89
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Acknowledgements
The Tanzania Institute of Education (TIE) would like to acknowledge

the contributions of all the individuals and organisations who
participated in the design and development of this book.
Writer: Mr Wilson Mihayo

Editors: Prof Kulikoyela Kahigi and
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Dr Michael Andindilile
Designer: Mr Anton Asukile
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Illustrators:
Mr Fikiri Msimbe in cooperation with
Alama Art and Media Production Co. Ltd.
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Co-ordinator: Dr Enortha Shao
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TIE also extends its sincere gratitude to the teachers and pupils
in the primary schools that participated in the trial of the
manuscript.
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Finally, the Institute would like to thank the Ministry of Education,
Science and Technology for facilitating the process of writing
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this book.
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Dr Aneth A. Komba
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Director General
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Introduction
This is the first book in a series of five books for Social Studies,
in primary schools. The textbook considers the learner’s needs,
interest and ability in Reading, Writing and Arithmetic (3Rs).
It will help the pupil in developing competencies in Social
Studies at Standard Three level. The book aims at developing
competencies in conserving the environment and responding to
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weather conditions. Other competencies are maintaining good
Tanzanian culture, establishing good relationships, honouring
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our heroes, and applying knowledge of the Solar system and
map reading. The pupil will also develop competencies in caring
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for home and school resources. Finally, the pupil will acquire
knowledge about engaging in income generating activities.
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The textbook uses short compositions, conversations, stories and
pictures to make each situation simple and clear. Moreover, the
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textbook includes questions and tasks for assessing the pupil’s
understanding. They further help to develop the pupil’s critical
thinking skills.
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Chapter One
Our environment
Welcome to Chapter One. When you were in Standard Two, you
learned how to identify different domestic and wild animals. You
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also learned about dangerous organisms in the environment. In
this chapter, you will learn how to conserve home and school
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environments. You will also learn about things found in home
and school environments. In addition, you will learn how to
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clean your classroom and the school environment. Moreover,
you will learn the importance of a clean environment. You will
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also learn stages of planting grass, trees, and flowers. Finally,
you will learn how to care for such grass, trees, and flowers.
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Things found in the environment
The environment includes everything found in our surroundings.
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We are also part of the environment. Things which are found

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in the environment are divided into two groups. These are living
and non-living things.
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Living things
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Living things refer to all things that can grow, move, breathe,
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reproduce, and die. Examples of living things are people, birds,

cows, and trees.
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Non-living things
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Non-living things refer to all things that cannot grow, move,

breathe, reproduce, or die. Examples of non-living things are
houses, roads and stones.

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Observe Figures 1, 2 DO
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then answer the questions.
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Figure 1 Living things
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Figure 2 Non-living things

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Things found in our homeDUPLICATE
environment
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Figure 3 Things found in our home environment

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Questions DO NOT DUPLICATE
1. Mention three things found in your home environment.

a) __________ b) __________ c) __________
2. Mention three things found in your home environment, but
are not in Figure 3.
a) __________ b) __________ c) __________
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3. Mention four living things found in your home
environment.
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a) _______ b) _______ c) ________ d) ________
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Things found in the school environment
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Observe Figure 4 then answer the questions.
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Figure 4 The school environment

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1. Mention different things that are found in your school
environment.
2. Mention two non-living things found in Figure 4.
a) __________________ b) __________________
3. Mention two living things found in Figure 4.
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a) __________________ b) __________________
4. Mention non-living things found in your home
environment.
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5. Mention the importance of the things found in Figure 4.
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6. Mention things found in your school environment that
resemble those in Figure 4.
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7. Which things are found in your school environment but
are not in Figure 4?
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Choose the correct answer and write it in the space provided.
8. Two groups of things found in the environment are
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................ and ...................

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a. a road and a house.

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b. living things and non-living things.

c. flowers and trees.
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9. Living things are ................... and .....................

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a. trees and cars.

b. stones and birds.
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c. humans and animals.

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Kisomola Primary DO NOTenvironment
School DUPLICATE
Rabia and Kaluza are in Standard Three at Kilimani Primary
School. One Monday morning, their Head teacher sent them
to a neighbouring school called Kisomola. They had to take a
Standard Seven graduation invitation letter to the Head teacher.
Read the following conversation and then answer the questions
that follow.
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Head teacher Rabia and Kaluza, take this letter to
Kisomola Primary School.
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Rabia Yes Sir. To whom should we give the letter?
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Head teacher Give it to the head teacher. (Kaluza and
Rabia took the letter and left.)
Kaluza
Rabia
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I can see we are near the school.
It is true. We are at Kisomola Primary School.
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There are many birds and trees.
Kaluza Aaah! Their school has more trees that
provide shade than our school. The trees
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provide fresh air as well.

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Rabia Hey, look at their flower garden! It is well

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arranged, and it makes the school look

beautiful and clean.
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Kaluza Ee! Look at the school sign-board. Its name

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has been written neatly!

Rabia They also have a big playground for sports
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and games. Can you see it?

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Kaluza Yes, I can see it. It is a nice playground. Rabia,

can you see the vegetable garden on the left
side of the ground?

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Rabia Yes, NOTsee
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it. They sell vegetables and earn
a lot of money.
Kaluza Have you seen their classroom buildings and
teachers’ office? They look so nice!
Rabia Yes, I have seen them. The buildings are well
painted. There are maps and other decorations
on the walls.
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Kaluza They also have a water well.
Rabia That is true. That is why their school flower
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and vegetable gardens have flourished.
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After this conversation, Rabia and Kaluza went to the Head
teacher’s office. They greeted him and gave him the invitation
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letter. After handing it over, they said goodbye to the Head
teacher. The Head teacher replied, “Goodbye.” Rabia and Kaluza
promised each other that they would come back to learn more.
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Then, they left for Kilimani Primary School.
Questions
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1. Which things are found at Kisomola Primary School but not

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at your school?
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2. What things attract you to Kisomola Primary School?

3. What should be done to improve your school environment?
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4. Which things are found at your school but not at Kisomola

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Primary School?
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Activity I
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With your fellow pupils, study your school environment.

Then, list the things that are found at your school.

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Keeping the schoolDO NOT DUPLICATE
environment clean
We have already seen the things that are found in our school
environment. It is important to keep our environment clean.
We clean our classrooms, toilets, dining hall, and the school
surroundings.
Classroom cleanliness
It is important to keep the classroom clean all the time. Classroom
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cleanliness is done through co-operation among pupils. Every
pupil has a duty to clean the classroom.
Do you take part in cleaning your classroom?
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Study Figure 5 and then answer the questions in Exercise 1.
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Figure 5 Pupils cleaning the classroom

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Exercise 1 DO NOT DUPLICATE
1. Mention the activities shown in Figure 5.

2. Mention other cleanliness activities which are not shown
in Figure 5.
3. Mention the tools used to clean the classroom.
4. What happens if the classroom is not clean?
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5. What are the advantages of cleaning your classroom?
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Classroom cleanliness competition
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Read the following passage and then answer the questions
in Exercise 2.
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The name of our school is Juhudi Primary School. We have
a classroom cleanliness competition every Friday. Such
competitions are done after the lessons.
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Last Friday, we worked together in cleaning our classroom.
As we were cleaning, Juma said, “It is important to clean our
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classroom to make it attractive.”

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Halima took a broom with a long handle and started to

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remove cobwebs. John said to Halima, “You have done a

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good job to remove cobwebs. Cobwebs pollute our classroom

environment.’’ John added, “Garbage is a shelter for mosquitoes
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and other organisms.” Then Dotto said, “If we do not remove

these shelters, mosquitoes will bite us. They will infect us with
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malaria.’’
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After that, Helena took a piece of cloth and began to remove

dust, while saying, “We should remove dust to avoid making

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our clothes dirty.” Mariam DUPLICATE
and Faraja cleaned the teacher’s
table, chair and book shelf. Afterwards, we all worked together
to mop the classroom floor. We used a piece of cloth, water
and soap. Then we arranged our desks properly. We made sure
there was enough space between one desk and another.
Teachers and prefects came to inspect our classroom. We won the

competition. We were awarded a shield. We were very happy.
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We agreed that we should clean our classroom every day.
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Exercise 2
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Answer the following questions.
1. Which tools were used to clean the classroom at Juhudi
Primary School? SE
2. List the disadvantages of an unclean classroom.
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3. Why did the Standard Three pupils win the cleanliness
competition?
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4. Why is it important to arrange desks properly?

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5. Mention four advantages of cleaning your classroom.

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6. Mention steps to follow when cleaning a classroom.

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7. Describe how a clean class looks like.

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Study Figure 6 thenDO NOT DUPLICATE
answer the questions.
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Figure 6 Pupils cleaning the school compound
Questions
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1. Which activities that protect the environment do you see
in Figure 6?
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2. Which tools are used to keep the environment clean?

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3. Mention environmental protection activities at your school

other than those shown above.
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4. Why should we keep our school compound clean?

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Juhudi Primary School
Read the following passage and answer the questions in
Exercise 3.
Amani is a Standard Three pupil at Juhudi Primary School.
Pupils of Juhudi Primary School have good discipline. Amani
and his fellow pupils arrive at school at 6:30 in the morning.
After arriving at school, they start cleaning the school compound.
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They work together. They pick pieces of paper and put them
in garbage bins.
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They sweep the school pathways. Then, they cut long grass by
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using slashers. Other pupils weed flower beds using hoes. They
also water flowers and other plants. After this cleaning, they
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go to the assembly ground. They listen to announcements from
their teachers. Then they go to their classrooms.
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Exercise 3
1. What cleanliness activities, other than those mentioned,
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can be done at school?

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2. List the tools used to clean the school compound.

3. What cleaning activities are done by Amani and his fellow
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pupils at school?
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Planting trees, grass, and flowers

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Trees, grass, and flowers are attractive plants in our environment.

They beautify the environment and produce fresh air as well as
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scents. When the environment lacks trees, grass and flowers,

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it may turn into a desert. An environment with scents attracts

insects such as butterflies and bees. Bees produce honey.
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Read the followingDO NOT DUPLICATE
conversation about the stages of planting
trees, grass, and flowers.
Dotto Hamis, I passed by your school and saw flowerbeds,
grass, and trees. They are very attractive.
Hamis Of course. In our school, there are flowerbeds, grass,
and trees. They provide fresh air and scents.
Dotto Ooh! How did you manage to have such a beautiful
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environment?
Hamis We started with an idea about the kind of grass,
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flowers and trees we wanted to plant.
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Dotto Oooh! Tell me more.
Hamis First, make sure you choose a fertile area to plant
Dotto
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your grass, trees, and flowers.
This is a great idea! I like it.
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Hamis That is not all. You should also clean up the area.
The area should be ready for planting trees, grass,
and flowers.
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Dotto I really enjoy this knowledge. What are the next

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steps?
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Hamis You should improve the soil fertility by mixing it

with manure before planting.
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Dotto Wow Hamis! What do you do next?

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Hamis We till the land and choose the seedlings we need.

Then we plant them.
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Dotto I get you! That is why your school environment is

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attractive.
Hamis We also look after the blocks of plants, grass and
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DOwatering
flowers by NOT DUPLICATE
them whenever necessary. We
use insecticides on all the blocks. This prevents
insects from destroying the plants, grass and
flowers.
Dotto I thank you for this knowledge. I promise you that
I will inform my teacher about it. We will then visit
your school to learn more.
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Activity 2
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Choose one activity for keeping the environment clean and do
it at your school.
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a) Preparing flower beds
b) Watering trees, grass, and flowers
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c) Cleaning the school compound by sweeping, mopping, and
weeding flower beds
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d) Educating pupils on environmental conservation
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The advantages of a clean environment

A clean environment is good for our health. So, it is important
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to clean the school environment to remove harmful organisms.

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These organisms include flies, mosquitoes, rats and snakes.

They hide in dirty areas and cause diseases such as malaria,
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cholera, dysentery, plague and typhoid. A clean environment

also prevents insects and germs from destroying food and crops
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in farms and homes.

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Think
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What are the effects of the harmful organisms

mentioned above to people and the environment?
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1. What is the environment?
2. List activities that pollute your school environment.
3. Give reasons for cleaning your school environment.
4. Describe the disadvantages of an unclean school
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environment.
5. Describe the stages of preparing areas for planting
flowers, grass and trees.
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6. List all dangerous organisms which hide in dirty
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environments.
7. Mention activities which can be done to keep your school
environment clean. SE
8. Explain the importance of planting flowers, trees, and
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grass in the school environment.
Choose the most correct answer and write it in the space
provided.
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9. Things which are found in the environment are divided

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into two parts. These are ..................................

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a) living and non-living organisms.

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b) plants and animals.

c) advantageous and harmful organisms.
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10. A dirty environment can cause ............................

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a) hunger among people.

b) spread of diseases.
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a) war among people.
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Ask yourself DO NOT DUPLICATE
What will happen if the school environment is not conserved?
Vocabulary
Cobweb a net-like structure of sticky silk thread made
by spiders as a living space and insect trap
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Conservation keeping or protecting something in a good
way for use now and in future
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Conversation a talk between two or more people
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Domestic a nimals that are kept at home for food and
animals other uses
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surroundings/everything around us, including
living and non-living things
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Environmental putting harmful things such as poisonous
pollution chemicals into water and soil
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Garbage waste or unwanted things that you throw

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away
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Garden a piece of land planted with flowers, fruits

and vegetables
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Graduation a ceremony at which certificates are awarded

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to school or college leavers after they have

completed their studies
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Handover giving something to someone else

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Micro-organism a very small creature which cannot be

seen by our naked eyes, but by using a
microscope
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Mop DO NOT DUPLICATE
a cleaning material fixed to a long handle
for cleaning the floor using water
Shield something which is given as a prize for
winning a competition
Skill knowledge of doing something in a an
intelligent way
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Tilling a method of preparing land for planting
crops by using hand tools
Water well a hole for drawing water from the ground
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Wild animals animals which live in the bush or in the
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forest
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Chapter Two
Weather conditions in our
environment
Welcome to Chapter Two. In Chapter One, you learned to
conserve home and school environments. In this chapter, you
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will learn about weather conditions in your environment. You
will learn about one element of weather, namely temperature.
You will learn how to measure temperature. You will also learn
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how to protect yourself from hot and cold conditions.
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Meaning of weather
Weather refers to the condition of the atmosphere. Weather
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conditions include temperature, rainfall, clouds, sunshine,
humidity, and wind. These are called elements of weather.
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Temperature in our environment
A weather condition can either be hot or cold. This condition
is called temperature. Temperature is a measure of how hot
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or cold something is. When temperature increases, it becomes

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hot. When temperature decreases, it becomes cold.

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Figure 1 Instrument for measuring temperature
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It is important to DO NOT DUPLICATE
understand the temperature of your area.
This helps you to plan different activities. Also, it helps you to
choose the right kind of clothes to wear. This depends on the
particular time of the day, month or year.
Think
What do you wear and drink if it is too hot or

too cold?
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The effects of hot and cold weather on animals and plants
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Read the following dialogue and then answer the questions in
Exercise 1.
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Heat My name is Heat. The Sun is my source of energy.
When the Sun gives more heat, I become hotter.
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When I reach a place, Cold runs away from me.
Cold My name is Cold, and I am a very powerful master.
When I reach where you are, you run away, and I
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make the place cold.
Heat What? I always dry water from rivers, dams, and
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reservoirs. I also dry crops and cause hunger. I am

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more powerful than you.

Cold No way! You cannot beat me. When I get angry,
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all organisms shrink.

Heat I told you that I always dry water in rivers, dams, and
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reservoirs. I also dry crops, leading to hunger. So I am

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more powerful than you.

Cold When I become very cold, people shiver. Their bodies
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become pale, and they can not talk. No organism

can survive. I freeze everything, and I cause death.
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Heat It is not true. Even if it becomes very cold, people

wear heavy clothes to beat you. But in my case, even
without wearing clothes, people keep on sweating.
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Their livesDO NOT uncomfortable.
become DUPLICATE Their bodies lose
water and sometimes they die. Even their foods go
bad.
Cold Cloud cover makes you powerless. Even a tree can
overpower you. When you become very hot, people
take shelter in the shade of trees and relax. Inside
the house, people use fans to cool themselves. They
put their foods in fridges, and life goes on. My friend
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Heat, you are nothing in this world!
Heat It is OK. There is no need to fight. We all have
advantages when we operate moderately. We also
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have disadvantages when we are not moderate.
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Cold It is true, Heat! When we are moderate, plants grow
well. People also feel comfortable.
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Heat We are friends. Even the instrument used to measure
both of us is the same. It is called a thermometer.
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Figure 2 Examples of clothes worn in cold and hot

weather conditions
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1. What is the source of hot weather?

2. What happens to plants and animals during very hot
conditions?
3. How do we protect ourselves from cold conditions?
4. How do we protect ourselves from hot conditions?
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Study this picture and then answer the questions in Exercise 2.
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Figure 3 Reading temperature

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Exercise 2
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1. Name the instrument shown in Figure 3.

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2. What is the use of the instrument shown in Figure 3?

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Activity
Get outside the classroom and stay there for 15
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minutes. Then, come back to the classroom. Do

you feel any change in your body temperature?
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Tell your classmates how you feel after coming

back to the classroom. Give reasons.
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Exercise 3
1. What is temperature?
2. What is the temperature of your home area?
3. Mention two advantages of being familiar with the
temperature of the place where you live.
a._____________ b. ___________
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4. Draw the instrument we use for measuring temperature.
5. What happens to plants when it is too hot?
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6. What happens to human beings when it is too cold?
7. Write True for correct statements and False for
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incorrect statements.
a) Temperature is the level of coldness or hotness........
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b) High or low temperature is caused by light..............
c) A thermometer is an instrument for measuring air
..............
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d) Rivers and dams become dry because of heat..........
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Ask yourself
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After completing this chapter, you can protect yourself from

hot or cold conditions. What will you do when visiting cold
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or hot places?
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A B
A cold place A hot place
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Vocabulary
Clouds water vapour seen in the sky
Entertainment activities or performances that give
people enjoyment
Exceed be more than normal
Fan a rotating tool used for moving air
around to cool the temperature
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Freeze make something become very cold or icy
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Fridge equipment for keeping foods and drinks
cold
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Hunger desire for food
Master
Moderate
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superior to others
not very hot or very cold
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Nothing having no importance or value
Over increased beyond normal
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Rushing moving too fast

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Shade shelter or shadow caused by something

blocking direct Sunlight
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Shiver shake or tremble with cold

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Shrink become smaller

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Temperature level of hotness or coldness in the air

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Thermometer an instrument used for measuring

temperature especially of the air or of a
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person
Uncomfortable not feeling good
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Chapter Three
Our culture
Welcome to Chapter Three. In Chapter Two, you learned about
one element of weather. In this chapter, you will learn about
maintaining Tanzanian culture. Culture guides how people greet,
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sing songs, and play cultural games and drama.
Different ways of greeting
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Normally, children with good manners greet each other. They
also greet elders, even if they do not know each other. Each
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community in Tanzania has its own culture. Greetings are among
the key elements in maintaining culture.
Activity 1
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Show how people in your community greet each other.
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Study the following pictures and then answer the questions
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that follow.
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Figure 1 Different ways of greeting
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Questions
1. What different ways of greeting do you see in the pictures

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in Figure1?
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2. Mention other ways of greeting which are not shown in the

pictures in Figure 1.
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3. How do people in your society greet each other?

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In the pictures above, you have seen different ways of greeting.

The Zaramo greet each other by shaking hands. The Hehe greet
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each other by kissing hands. The Kinga greet each other by

rubbing shoulders. The Sukuma women normally greet men by
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slightly bending their knees. Men shake hands.
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Exercise 1
Write ‘Yes’ for correct statements, or ‘No’ for incorrect statements.
1. In Kinga society, people of different age groups greet each
other by rubbing shoulders. _______
2. The Zaramo greet each other by kneeling. _______
3. The Hehe greet each other by shaking hands. _______
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4. The Sukuma greet each other by kissing hands. _______
Ways of greeting depend on the age group and society. People of
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the same age group greet each other by saying “Hi” or “Hello”
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and mentioning the name of the other person. The other person
responds the same way. Then, they ask, “How are you?” The
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other person replies, “I am fine, Thank you. And you?”
Activity 2
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Turn to the pupil next to you. Greet each other.
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In daily life, when you meet old people, you have to greet
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them politely. When it is in the morning, you have to say,

“Good morning.” When it is in the afternoon, you say, “Good
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afternoon.” When it is in the evening, you say, “Good evening.”

Sometimes when you meet your teacher, who is a man; you
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should say, “Good morning Sir.”He will answer, “Good morning.

How are you?” You will say, “I am fine.”You may meet your
R
teacher, who is a woman; you should say, “Good morning

FO
Madam.” She will answer, “Good morning. How are you?” You
will say, “I am fine’’ or you may say, “I am fine, thank you.”
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Greetings are a necessary DUPLICATE
part of culture. They enable people
to communicate with each other, whenever they meet. Greeting
someone shows good manners. It also shows respect.
Activity 3
Demonstrate how you greet each other in your
LY
community.
N
O
Cultural Games
In Tanzania, every community has its own traditional games.
SE
Different societies play games depending on the place, time and
type of traditions. The Zaramo of the coast and the Zanaki of
U
Mara play ‘Bao’. Other societies include the Maasai, the Gogo,
the Kurya, and the Chagga. They play games such as object
targeting and spear throwing.
E
N
The aims of these games include building strength and developing

thinking ability. Such games also help in making decisions
LI
quickly . Additionally, they help in developing one’s ability to

defend himself/herself.
N
O
R
FO
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Questions
1. List the games played in your community.

2. Which traditional games are not mentioned in the passage
above?
3. Which aims of playing traditional games are not mentioned
above?
LY
Exercise 2
N
O
1. Name several ways to preserve culture.
2. Name any traditional games that you prefer to play.
SE
3. Link a game in Column B with the correct ethnic group
in Column A.
No. Column A No. Column B
U
i Zaramo a Bull fighting
ii Chagga b Cock fighting
E
iii Kurya c Bao

N
iv Zanaki d Targeting
LI
N
O
Activity 4
Collect information from adults about the
traditional games that are played in your
R
community. Share with your friends in your

FO
classrom.
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Singing and Dancing
Traditional songs and dances are ways of maintaining our
culture. By singing and dancing, we entertain ourselves and other
people. We also do some physical exercise and get motivated
to do various activities.
Study the following picture and answer the question.
LY
N
O
SE
U
E
N
LI
Figure 2 Traditional dance

N
Question
O
Name the instruments used in traditional dancing shown in

R
Figure 2.
FO
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Singing and dancing NOT DUPLICATE
Uledi Village
Read the following passage and then answer the questions.
The Kiru people live in Uledi Village. They farm around the
Micheku mountain. After harvest, the Kiru people sing and take
part in a traditional dance called ‘Mukirungu’. They sing different
songs which encourage people to take part in agricultural
activities. This dance is valued by all the people. It is performed
LY
every evening after harvest.
When dancing Mukirungu, men wear ‘maleba’, made of sisal
N
fiber. They wear them around their waists with their chests
O
uncovered. They also wear crowns made of ostrich feathers
and bells on their legs.
SE
Women dress like men, but they wear skilfully additional maleba
on their chests. The drums are beaten skilfully. Everyone is
U
motivated to dance. When dancing, men repeatedly jump high,
as women shake their heads and chests.
E
Questions
N
1. Have you ever been involved in dancing in your community?

LI
2. What are the activities practised by the Kiru people to

N
maintain their culture?

3. Which instruments are used when dancing Mukirungu?
O
R
FO
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Types of dances DO NOT DUPLICATE
A traditional dance identifies and maintains the culture of the
community. It also helps to create unity and promote operation
among people. Community members are entertained by the
dance. In Tanzania, traditional dances are performed for different
purposes. These include marking the harvest season, celebrating
weddings, and initiation ceremonies. Other purposes include
welcoming visitors and celebrating memorable days. Examples
LY
are Independence Day, Revolutionary Day, Union Day and
Workers’ Day.
N
Some traditional dances are common across Tanzania. One
O
example is the Mbeta of the Luguru. Others are the Mtingo
and the Iringi of the Chagga. Also, there are the Bugobogobo
and the Beni of the Sukuma. The Mdumange of the Sambaa
SE
and the Lizombe of the Ngoni are other good examples. The
Mganda of the Nyasa and the Manda, and the Kasimbo and
U
the Enchuma of the Haya are good examples. Moreover, there
is Sindimba performed by the Makonde and Mdundiko, which
is performed by the Zaramo.
E
N
Questions
1. How many types of traditional dances are mentioned in
LI
the passage above? Mention them.

N
2. Mention other types of traditional dances and the ethnic

groups that perform them.
O
Traditional dance Ethnic group(s)

R
FO
3. Which instruments does your ethnic group use when

dancing?
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Activity 5 DO NOT DUPLICATE
Choose any traditional dance you know and try to
perform it.
Exercise 3
1. Mention some benefits of greeting people in your community.
LY
2. Mention three activities that identify your culture.
3. Mention the advantages of traditional dance.
4. List four instruments which are used in traditional dance.
N
5. Draw a picture of two people wearing special dresses for
O
traditional dancing.
Ask yourself
SE
What is the importance of traditional dance in your community?
U
Vocabulary
Community a group of people with shared traditions
E
who live in the same area

Culture the way of life which is accepted by
N
community members
LI
Maintain continue to have, to keep

N
‘Maleba’ special traditional dress when dancing Mukirungu

Proud having or showing self-respect
O
Society a large group of people living together in an

organised way
R
Tradition the beliefs and practices that a group of

FO
people have followed for a long time

Weak not strong
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Chapter Four
Good relationships
Welcome to Chapter Four. In Chapter Three, you learned about
activities which preserve and maintain culture in our communities.
In this chapter, you are going to learn about building good
LY
relationships. Good relationships start by identifying people
you are living with. You will learn about relationships in your
N
family. Finally, you will learn how to build and maintain good
O
relationships with friends at home and at school.
Relationships in the family
Think
SE
U
When you hear the word ‘family’, what comes to
your mind? Can you mention all the people you
live with at home?
E
A family is a group of people who are related to each other.

N
It is the basic unit of society. An example can be a mother,

LI
a father, and their children. The people you live with at home
make your family. Some families have many members, whereas
N
others have few members.

O
Types of families
In Tanzania, there are two basic types of families. These are a
R
nuclear family and an extended family. Other types of families

FO
are a single parent family, orphan family, childless family,

adoptive family, and grandparent family. The following pictures
show the types of families.
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Basic types of families
a) A nuclear family
This is a family of the father, the mother, and their children.
LY
N
O
SE
Figure 1 A nuclear family
b) An extended family
U
This family consists of the parents, their children, and other
relatives. These are related either by blood or marriage
E
and live in the same home. These relatives may include

grandparents, uncles, aunts, or cousins.
N
LI
N
O
R
FO
Figure 2 An extended family
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Other types of DO NOT DUPLICATE
families
a) A single parent family
This family consists of one parent raising one or more
children on his/her own due to death of one parent.
LY
N
O
Figure 3 A single parent family
b) A childless family SE
This family consists of a husband and a wife living together
U
with no children.
E
N
LI
N
O
Figure 4 A childless family

R
c) An adoptive family
FO
This family consists of a husband and a wife living together

without children of their own. The husband and the wife
decide to adopt children and raise them.
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d) An orphan family
This is a family of children who live alone. They depend
on themselves. Their parents have died and there are no
family members or friends to take care of them.
e) A grandparent family
This is a family of grandparents who live with their grand
children. This is because the parents are dead.
In a family with the parents, the father and the mother are
LY
the leaders of the family. They provide daily basic needs. In
an orphan family, the older child is responsible for taking care
N
of others.
To build and maintain good relationships, all family members
O
have to love and respect each other.
Activity SE
Study the family tree in Figure 5. Then compare it
U
with your family.
Family
E
N
LI
Father Mother
N
O
R
FO
Brother Sister Sister

Figure 5 Family tree of father, mother, and children
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The family of MrDO NOT
and MrsDUPLICATE
Hamad
It is December, and school children are on holiday. The children
of Mr and Mrs Hamad are on holiday too. Mr and Mrs Hamad
have decided to visit their relatives in Morogoro.
Read the following conversation and then answer the questions
in Exercise 1.
We would like to tell you that we OK. Dad and Mom, where
LY
are going on a holiday. are we going for our
holiday?
N
O
SE
U
Well, tell
them.
E
N
LI
N
O
R
During our holiday, we are

going to visit our family
FO
members in Morogoro.
Oh! So, we have other
family members?
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Yes, I have relatives. DO NOT DUPLICATE
Your mother has Who are those?
relatives too.
LY
N
They are our fathers and
O
mothers. They are your
Father, do you have
grandfathers and grandmothers.
siblings?
SE
U
E
N
LI
Mother, who are

Yes, I have two sisters who are your siblings?
N
your aunts, and two brothers who

are your uncles.
O
R
FO
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I have two brothers who
OK. Do the aunts
are your uncles, and a
and uncles have
sister who is your aunt.
children?
LY
N
O
Yes, they have
children: a girl and a
boy. Those are your Oh! So we have other
cousins. SE
family members. We
will be happy to meet
them.
U
E
N
LI
N
Figure 6 Father, mother, and children in a conversation

O
R
FO
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FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
1. What do you call the father of your mother?
2. What do you call a brother of your mother?
3. What do you call a sister of your father?
4. What do you call a son of your uncle?
5. What do you call a sister of your mother?
LY
Family tree
Study the family tree in Figure 7 and then answer the questions.
N
Relations on the Relations on the
mother’s side father’s side
O
Grandfather Grandmother
SE
Grandfather Grandmother
U
Uncle Mother Aunt Aunt Father Uncle

E
N
Cousins Children Cousins Children Cousins

LI
Cousins
Figure 7 Family tree
N
O
Question
R
1. Which members of your family have been mentioned in this

family tree?
FO
2. How many members are there in your family?

3. Draw your family tree.
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Building and maintaining good relationships with friends
It is important to maintain good relationships with your friends.
A friend is someone whom you like and trust but who is not a
member of your family.
Ways of building and maintaining relationships with friends
include respecting and being attentive to them. Others are
loving and helping them, sharing feelings and admitting your
LY
mistakes, if any.
Think
N
Do you have friends? What activities do you do
O
with your friends?
Study the following pictures in Figure 8, showing a good
Exercise 2.
1.
SE
relationship among friends. Then, answer the questions in
U
E
N
LI
N
2.
O
R
FO
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3.
LY
N
O
SE
4.
U
E
N
LI
N
O
R
FO
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5.
LY
N
O
SE
U
6.
E
N
LI
N
O
R
FO
Figure 8 Friends participating in different activities
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FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
1. Mention two good things that you have learnt from the
pictures.
2. From the pictures in Figure 8, list activities which help to
maintain good relationships among friends.
3. List two advantages of having good friends.
LY
4. Mention four disadvantages of having bad friends.
5. Draw your family tree showing the original names of your
mother and her siblings.
N
6. List all the games and sports presented in Pictures 3, 4, 5
O
and 6 in Figure 8.
SE
Choose the correct answer and write it in the space provided.
7. A family is a ……………………………………………………..
a) small group of related people.
U
b) community of people.
c) society which lives in the same place.
8. There are ……………… basic types of family in Tanzania.
E
a) three
N
b) two
c) seven
LI
9. The family that consists of two parents, children and two

N
or more adults who are related is known as …………………….

a) a nuclear family.
O
b) an extended family.
c) an adoptive family
R
10. A family needs to maintain love and ……………………..

FO
a) hate for each other.

a) relationship to each other.
a) respect for each other
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11. The founders DO
of aNOT DUPLICATE
family are the ...................
a) grandfather and grandmother.
b) father and mother.
c) aunt and uncle.
12. The division of duties in the family helps to..................
a) get money.
b) avoid segregation.
c) simplify work.
LY
13. The heads of the family are ...............
a) father and aunt.
N
b) mother and uncle.
c) father and mother.
O
Ask yourself
SE
Which behaviours can damage your relationship with friends?
Vocabulary
U
Adopt
legally take another person’s child
and take care of him or her as your
E
own child
N
Cousin a son of your uncle or your aunt

Family tree relationships among different members
LI
of the family
N
Founder
one who establishes a settlement or an
O
organisation
Maintain to keep something in a good condition
R
Relationship the way in which two or more people or

FO
things are connected

Siblings
brothers or sisters belonging to the
same parents
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Chapter Five
Our national leaders
Welcome to Chapter Five. In Chapter Four, you learned about
relationships among members of the family. You also learned
about building and maintaining good relationships with friends.
LY
In this chapter, you will learn about our past and present leaders
of Mainland Tanzania. You will know their names and the time
of their leadership. You will also learn about their contribution
N
to our country’s development.
O
The national leaders of Tanzania
Tanzania is a union of two countries, Tanganyika and Zanzibar.
SE
Tanganyika got her independence on the 9th of December, 1961.
Zanzibar got her independence on the10th of December, 1963.
Tanganyika and Zanzibar united to form Tanzania on the 26th
U
of April, 1964. Since then, Tanzania has been led by different
leaders in different terms. We will learn about the presidents
and prime ministers of Mainland Tanzania.
E
These leaders were elected in different times. The President is

N
the head of the government. The President is elected by citizens

LI
of the country through voting. The Prime Minister is appointed

among members of parliament by the President. Such members
N
of parliament are elected by citizens through elections. The

Prime Minister is later approved by the Parliament. The main
O
duty of the Prime Minister is to supervise government activities.

R
Think
• Have you ever heard about the ‘Father of the
FO
Nation’?
• Who is he?
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Study these pictures and DUPLICATE
then answer the questions.
1. 2.
LY
N
3. 4.
O
SE
U
5. 6.
E
N
LI
N
Figure 1 The Presidents of the United Republic of Tanzania since

O
Independence
R
Questions
FO
a) Whose picture is on the one hundred shilling coin?

b) Whose picture is on the one thousand shilling banknote?
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FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
1. DO NOT DUPLICATE
2.
LY
N
3. 4.
O
SE
U
E
N
LI
5. 6.
N
O
R
FO
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7. 8.
LY
N
O
9. SE
10.
U
E
N
LI
Figure 2 The Prime Ministers of the United Republic of Tanzania

since Independence
N
O
Exercise 1
R
Look at Figures 1 and 2, then answer the questions.

1. Write the name of each President according to his number.
FO
2. How many prime ministers have served Tanzania since

Independence?
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FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
Read the names of theDO NOT DUPLICATE
Tanzanian leaders in the following table.
Then, answer the questions in Exercise 2.
The name of
The name of
Year Term the Prime
the President
Minister
2021 March Sixth Samia Suluhu Majaliwa Kassim
19 - ... Hassan Majaliwa
LY
2015 -2021 Fifth John Pombe Majaliwa Kassim
March 17 Magufuli Majaliwa
2005 -2015 Fourth Jakaya Mrisho • Mizengo
N
Kikwete Kayanza Pinda
O
• Edward
Ngoyai
1995 -2005 Third Benjamin SE

William Mkapa
Lowassa
Frederick Sumaye
U
1985 -1995 Second Alli Hassan • Joseph Sinde
Mwinyi Warioba
• John Samwel
E
Malecela
• Cleopa David
N
Msuya
LI
1961-1985 First Mwalimu Julius • Rashidi

Kambarage Mfaume
N
Nyerere Kawawa
O
• Edward
Moringe
Sokoine
R
• Salim Ahmed
FO
Salim
• Cleopa David
Msuya
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FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
1. How many prime ministers has Tanzania had since

Independence?
2. Which terms had more than one Prime Minister?
3. What is the name of the current President?
4. What is the name of the current Prime Minister?
LY
N
Activity I
O
Use the table on Page 50 to do activities (a) and (b).
a) Ask adults for information about the ‘Father of the Nation’.
SE
b) Tell your friend anything you know about the First President
of the United Republic of Tanzania.
U
Contributions of national leaders
Tanzania, as a country, has been led by various leaders in different
E
phases. They have led Tanzanians successfully in carrying out

N
development plans. Such plans cover different sectors. These

sectors include health, education, energy and transportation.
LI
These have developed due to their good leadership.

N
The leaders also contribute to maintaining unity, peace and

O
solidarity in Tanzania. We are proud of our unity, peace,

solidarity and security. Therefore, we have to respect our leaders.
R
Activity 2
FO
After reading the passage above, compose a short song to praise

our leaders. Sing the song in your classroom.
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FOR ONLINE USE ONLY

1. Mention five things you would like our leaders to do for
Tanzania.
2. What is the contribution of national leaders to Tanzania?
3. Name the President who led Tanzania for the longest period.
4. Mention the duties of the President of Tanzania.
LY
5. Mention the duties of the Prime Minister of Tanzania.
N
Choose the most correct answer.
6. The Prime Minister is ...................
O
a) the general secretary.
b) the supervisor of government activities.
c) the supervisor of parliament. SE
7. The Father of the Nation is .................
U
a) Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere.
b) John Pombe Magufuli.
c) Edward Moringe Sokoine.
E
8. We respect our leaders because .................

N
a) they lead Tanzanians in implementing development

plans.
LI
b) they are older than ourselves.

c) they remind us about our responsibilities.
N
O
Ask yourself
R
What would have happened if we had no government

leaders?
FO
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Vocabulary
Nation people living in one country under one
government
Peace
a situation in which there is no war or
fighting
Prime Minister supervisor of government activities
LY
President head of the government
Solidarity working together
N
Term a fixed period of time
O
Union one country united with another country
SE
U
E
N
LI
N
O
R
FO
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Chapter Six
Map reading
Welcome to Chapter Six. In Chapter Five, you learned about

the names of our national leaders. Specifically, you learned
LY
about the presidents and prime ministers of Tanzania. You also
learned about their terms of leadership. In addition, you learned
about their contributions to our national development. In this
N
chapter, you will learn about map reading. You will also learn
the differences between a map and a picture. In addition, you
O
will be able to draw maps and pictures of different objects.
Identifying things in the classroom
SE
Follow the dialogue between Jenka and Nura. Then, answer
the questions.
U
Nura Hi Jenka.
Jenka Hi Nura.
Nura Our classroom looks nice nowadays.
E
Jenka Hmm, what has happened?

N
Nura We have new tables and chairs.

LI
Jenka We have the teacher’s table and a chair. We sit on

our chairs.
N
Nura We also have a chalkboard.

O
Jenka We have one too.

Nura We have shelves. We store books, chalks, rulers
R
and other things in them. What about you?

FO
Jenka We do not have shelves. We keep our books in

the teacher’s office.
Nura The walls of our classroom are decorated with
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many pictures DUPLICATE
and maps. We have drawn some of
the pictures. The teacher brought some.
Jenka We have only a few pictures. We do not have
maps.
Nura Aha! We have a garbage bin. So our class is clean
all the time.
Jenka We do not have a garbage bin. So we keep rubbish
in a box. When it is full, we empty it. We throw
LY
the rubbish into a pit. We also have a long ruler
for the chalkboard. What about you?
N
Nura Yes, we have one. The chalkboard and the ruler
O
help us learn better.
Questions
SE
U
1. What things are found in your classroom, but they are not
mentioned in the conversation?
2. What important things are supposed to be in your classroom?
E
N
Study the pictures and then answer the questions in Exercise 1.

LI
a) b)
N
O
R
FO
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c) d)
e) f)
LY
N
O
Figure 1 Things found in a classroom
Exercise 1
SE
U
1. Name the pictures in Figure 1.
2. Draw three pieces of furniture which are found in your
E
classroom.
N
Read the following story and then answer the questions in

Exercise 2.
LI
One day, I was taking a walk with my father. On the way, we

saw different pictures in many places. I asked my father how
N
those pictures were obtained. My father told me that some

O
pictures were taken by camera. Others were drawn by painters.

I was surprised. I asked again, ‘‘How can someone draw such
beautiful pictures?’’
R
My father said, “Let me take you to a painter.” When we arrived,

FO
we saw different pictures he had painted. The pictures showed

animals, birds, houses and some important people.
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FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
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Then my father allowed meDUPLICATE
to give the painter a request. I
asked the painter to draw a picture of me. The painter agreed
and asked me to stand still in front of him.
After a short time, he gave me the picture. “This is really

wonderful. This is me!” I said. It showed my face and the front
part of my body. I asked the painter, “Why doesn’t it show
my back?” He said, “My little one, this picture is a sketch of
you seen from the front. That is why you had to stand still in
LY
front of me.”
I asked again, “What are the uses of pictures?” He said that
N
pictures are used for decorating places. Pictures can also help
O
to identify something that one has never seen. He asked me,
“Have you ever drawn a picture?” I replied, “Yes. I have drawn
pictures, but they have not been good.”
SE
Exercise 2
U
1. What is a picture?
2. What were the things drawn by the painter you visited?
E
3. Do pictures have much use in everyday life?

N
LI
Activity I
N
Collect 10 pictures of various objects. Then place

them on your table. Write the name of each picture.
O
R
FO
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Exercise 3

1. Name the things found in your classroom.
2. Mention two methods that can be used to obtain pictures.
3. Mention uses of pictures.
LY
Write True for correct statements and False for incorrect
statements.
N
4. A thermometer is a device used to take pictures............
O
5. A real object has the actual size and can be measured on
all sides...........
SE
6. A map shows a flat shape of an object.................
U
Drawing maps of objects found in the classroom
We have seen that a picture is a sketch of something seen
E
from the front. In this case, a picture represents the real object.
N
However, we can use other types of drawings to represent real

LI
objects. Such drawings are known as maps.

N
Think
O
What is a map?
R
FO
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FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
Study the followingDO NOT DUPLICATE
drawings and then answer the questions.
A B
LY
N

O
SE
U
E
N
LI
N
O
Figure 2 Pictures and maps in the classroom
Question
R
FO
Name the things you see in Figure 2.
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DOaNOT
Differences between real DUPLICATE
object, a picture and a map
Study the differences between real objects, pictures and maps
in the following table.
Table 1 Differences between a real object, a picture and a map
Feature A real object A picture A map
Reality It is in the It indicates It shows the
actual shape the shape of shape of the
LY
as seen from the object object as seen
all sides. as seen from from above.
N
the front. It It shows a
shows a flat flat shape of
O
object,with the object. It
length and also shows
SE
width.
the length
and width.
Size It shows the The size Its size
U
actual size in differs from differs from
terms of its the actual that of the
length, width size of the real object.
E
and height. real object. The map is

smaller than
N
It can be An image
measured on can be larger the object it
LI
all sides. or smaller represents.

than the real
N
object.
O
Availability It is available It can be It can be

in the drawn by drawn by
environment. hand or hand on any
R
taken with a flat surface.

FO
camera.
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How to draw aDO NOT DUPLICATE
map
Read the following dialogue and then answer the questions in
Exercise 4.
Teacher I told you to draw a map of a table. Instead, you
have drawn a picture of a table.
Pupil Sir, you taught us that a map is a diagram of an
object. So I drew a sketch of a table.
LY
Teacher Well, a map is a diagram; but, do you remember
what a picture is?
N
Pupil We were taught that a picture is a diagram of an
O
object.
Teacher Exactly, but from what direction do you look at
Pupil
this object?
SE
Aah! I remember. It is a diagram of an object from
the front.
U
Teacher Right! Now let us look at this table from above.
What do you see?
E
Pupil I see only the upper part of the table. I do not see
N
its legs.
Teacher Very good, now have you realised your mistake?
LI
Pupil Yes, Sir! I should only sketch the upper part of the
N
table. This looks rectangular in shape. I was not

supposed to draw the legs of the table.
O
Teacher Very good! Now, can you differentiate maps from

pictures?
R
Pupil Yes, Sir. A picture is an image of an object seen

FO
from the front. A map is a sketch of an object

seen from above. It does not show the height of
the object.
61

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DO NOT DUPLICATE
Questions
1. Draw a map of a classroom showing different items found in it.

2. Draw a picture and a map of your house.
Exercise 4
LY
Attempt the following questions.
N
1. What is a map?
O
2. What is the difference between a picture and a map?
3. Draw a map of the chalkboard, a cup and a bottle.
SE
4. Draw a picture and a map of the following objects:
a tree, a cup, a table, a bucket, a chair, a plate, a book
U
E
Ask yourself
N
What are the uses of different pictures in our lives?

LI
N
O
R
FO
62

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
DO NOT DUPLICATE
Vocabulary
Camera a device for taking pictures

Front the most forward part of something
Image a drawing or picture which looks like the object
itself
LY
Map a drawing of an object as it is seen from above
Map reading looking at a map and identifying objects you
N
see from it
O
Object anything which can be seen and touched
Painter a person who draws pictures and colours them
SE
U
E
N
LI
N
O
R
FO
63

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
Chapter Seven
DO NOT DUPLICATE
The Solar system

Welcome to Chapter Seven. In Chapter Six, you learned how to
draw pictures. You also learned how to draw maps of different
objects. In this chapter, you will learn about the Solar system.
LY
In addition, you will learn about the things which form the
Solar system. You will learn about the advantages of the Sun
and about other objects in the sky.
N
O
Ask yourself
SE
What are the advantages of the Sun to human beings?
U
Things which form the Solar system
The Solar system is the arrangement of planets and other
celestial bodies. All these revolve around the Sun. The Solar
E
system is made up of stars and eight planets. Planets are

N
large, round objects in space that move around the Sun. They
do so through paths known as orbits. There are eight planets,
LI
namely Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,

and Neptune.
N
In addition, there are other bodies in the Solar system which

O
are comets, asteroids, and meteoroids. The Sun is also part

of the Solar system. Figure 1 indicates the arrangement of
R
planets in the Solar system.

FO
64

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
Study the picture DO NOT DUPLICATE
in Figure 1 then answer the questions in
Exercise 1.
u ry
rc
Sun
Me Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
LY
Saturn
Uranu
s
N
Neptu
ne
O
Figure 1 The Solar system
Exercise 1
SE
1. Mention any three planets seen in the picture.
a. ________________
U
b. ________________
c. ________________
2. What is the position of Earth in the Solar system?
E
3. Mention two planets that are the closest to Earth in the

N
Solar system.
a. _______________
LI
b. _______________
4. What are the other three objects found in the Solar
N
system?
O
a. _________________
b. _________________
c. _________________
R
Activity
FO
Get out of the classroom and stay outside for a while.

Come back to the classroom. Tell your friends what
would have happened, if we had no Sun.
65

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
The Sun DO NOT DUPLICATE
Read the following passage and then do Exercise 2.
The Sun is the largest object in the Solar system. It is at the
centre of the Solar system. The Sun is very important to the
lives of all living things.
The Sun provides heat to the earth. When the Sun heats the
earth, the earth becomes the right place for animals to live in.
LY
The Sun provides light. The light provides energy to the earth.
Scientists make electricity from the energy known as Solar power.
N
The light from the Sun helps animals to see during the day and
O
at night through the moon. The light also helps plants to grow.
In addition, Sunlight produces Vitamin D for our bodies. Moderate
SE
Sun keeps our bodies warm enough to function.
U
Exercise 2
E
1. Write three advantages of the Sun to plants, humans,

N
and animals.
LI
Advantages of the Sun

Plants Humans Animals
N
O
2. Write one sentence explaining how you use Sunlight in

R
your life.
FO
66

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
The objects seen DO NOTsky
in the DUPLICATE
at night
At night, the sky looks different from how it looks during the
day. At night, there is no Sunlight. Therefore, we use different
sources of light. These include torches, candles, fire, and lamps.
At night, people stay at home. While at home, they rest and
sleep.
Think
LY
What do you see when you look at the sky at night?
N
Study this picture and then do Exercise 3.
O
SE
U
E
N
LI
N
Figure 2 Objects seen in the sky at night

O
Exercise 3
R
1. What objects do you see in the picture?

FO
2. What are the advantages of the objects you see in the picture?
3. Which type of lamps do you use to get light at night?
67

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
Other objects DO in
seen NOT DUPLICATE
the sky at night
Read the story and then answer questions.
Amisa is the only child in the family of Mr Machupa. In their
family, they live with their grandmother. At night, Amisa’s
grandmother likes to stay with them on the veranda. She spends
most of her time telling stories to her grand-daughter.
One day, Amisa asked her grandmother, “Why do you like to
LY
stay on the veranda at night?” Her grand-mother laughed a
bit and pulled her grand-daughter towards her. She then said,
N
“My grand-daughter, Amisa, look at the sky and see its beauty.
Look at the stars. They are shining. Look at the moonlight! It
O
is shining everywhere. It is really a beautiful night. A night like
this is called a ‘moonlit night.’
SE
“My grand-daughter, this is why I like to sit on the veranda at
night; there is no Sunshine. It is dark everywhere. The moon
U
and the stars help to lighten the land. People like a moonlit
night, because it is the time they relax at home and enjoy
the movement of the moon, comets and shinning of stars. My
E
grand-daughter, I love moonlit nights.”

N
Questions
LI
1. Name the objects seen in the sky during the day and those
N
seen at night.
O
2. What are the advantages of a moonlit night?

R
FO
68

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
1. List the things that are used to produce light at night.
2. Draw the objects that are seen in the sky at night.
3. Mention two advantages of air.
Vocabulary
LY
Asteroid a rocky or metallic body that moves around
the Sun
N
Comet a mass of ice and dust that moves around the
O
Sun and looks like a bright star with a tail
Meteoroids small rocky or metallic bodies in outer space;
SE
smaller than asteroids
Moonlight the light of the moon
U
Planet any of the large bodies that revolve around
the Sun in the Solar system
E
Sky the space we see from the earth where the

N
Sun, the moon, and stars appear

LI
Sunlight light from the Sun

N
Veranda a roofed and floored open space along the

O
sides of a house
R
Visible something that can be seen

FO
69

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DO NOT DUPLICATE
Chapter Eight
Our resources
Welcome to Chapter Eight. In Chapter Seven, you learned about
the Solar system. You also learned about things which form
the Solar system. Besides learning about the Sun, you learned
LY
about other objects in the sky. In this chapter, you will learn
about resources owned by the family and school. You will also
N
learn about the benefits of these resources. In addition, you
O
will learn how to protect them.
Identifying and taking care of our family resources
Resources are everything that we have in our family to increase
SE
wealth. Examples of resources are livestock, land, and crops.
Read the following dialogue between Pamoa and Pilika on
U
resources. Then, answer the questions.
Pamoa Hi, Pilika!
E
Pilika Hi, Pamoa!

Pamoa Yesterday I saw you carrying a bucket. Where
N
were you going?

LI
Pilika I was going to fetch water.

N
Pamoa Aha! We have a water tap at home. We use this

water for cooking food, cleaning, and watering the
O
garden.
Pilika We also have a water tap, but we failed to pay our
R
bills. So the service was disconnected.

FO
Pamoa Oh! Sorry. In our case we use water carefully. We

also pay our bills on time. By the way, do you have
trees?
70

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
Pilika Yes. WeDO NOT
have DUPLICATE
a tree farm from which we get
firewood.
Pamoa Oh! We have a farm where we grow crops. We get
food from the farm. In addition, we sell cash crops
from the farm and get money.
Pilika We also have livestock. We get milk, meat, and
manure from them.
LY
Pamoa We raise poultry for meat, eggs, and manure.
Pilika We own a bicycle for carrying milk to the market.
N
Pamoa We have a car. We use it for carrying eggs, chicken,
O
and farm products to the market.
Pilika Oh, so you have a lot of resources! Some family
SE
members fail to use their resources properly. As a
result, they always have financial problems. Some
of our family members at home also misuse our
U
resources.
Pamoa We take care of our resources. We also educate
E
family members on how to use them carefully.

N
Pilika We also keep and use them properly. We have

LI
decided to keep dogs to protect our resources from

thieves.
N
O
Questions
R
1. List the resources mentioned in the dialogue.

FO
2. What actions in the dialogue indicate misuse of resources?
71

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
DO of
Identifying resources NOTtheDUPLICATE
family
Study these pictures and then do Exercise 1.
LY
N
O
SE
U
E
N
LI
N
O
R
FO
Figure 1 Resources of Mr and Mrs Paulo’s family
72

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DO NOT DUPLICATE
Exercise 1
1. List the resources of Mr and Mrs Paulo’s family.

2. If you were one of his family members, what additional
resources would you suggest he acquire?
LY
Questions
N
Do the following.
1. List the resources found in your family.
O
2. Name the benefits of these resources.
SE
3. Mention ways of caring for your family resources.
U
Activity
Ask your parents ways to ensure appropriate use of your
E
family resources. Share them with your friends in your class.

N
LI
Identifying our school resources and taking care of them

Like our family, our school has its own resources.
N
O
Think
R
What resources does your school have?

FO
73

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
DO NOT
Study the picture in Figure DUPLICATE
2 and then answer the questions.
LY
N
O
SE
Figure 2 Resources of Kiwandani Primary School
U
Questions
E

1. What resources do you see in the picture?
N
2. What are the resources available in your school?

LI
N
O
Discussion
Discuss with your friend the different ways of taking
care of your school resources.
R
FO
74

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
DO NOTPrimary
Resources of Jitegemee DUPLICATE
School
Read the following passage and do Exercise 2.
My name is Baraka. I am a Standard Three pupil at Jitegemee
Primary School. Our school has several resources. These resources
include good buildings, desks, land, books, and tables. We also
have a truck, cows, a shop, a plantation and tap water. We
use the water for irrigation, cleaning and livestock. We use the
truck for carrying fodder, milk, wood and crops.
LY
These projects are sources of the school’s income. We also get
skills in running different projects. We take care of our school
N
resources. Water taps are repaired regularly to avoid loss of
water. We feed our cattle well. The school shop is managed by
O
Mr Juma. He is also a teacher. He makes sure that the shop
generates income.
SE
When the desks are damaged, they are always repaired. Each
pupil makes sure that our school resources are not damaged.
U
This good behaviour helps us to protect the resources.
E
Exercise 2
N
1. What are the resources found at Jitegemee Primary School?

LI
2. Which productive activities are done at Jitegemee Primary

School?
N
3. What actions do you take to keep your school resources?

O
Fill in the blanks.

4. Livestock, land, and crops are examples of ......................
R
5. Acts that can damage family resources are ......................

FO
and ........................
75

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
Ask yourself DO NOT DUPLICATE
What will happen if we do not use our resources properly?
Vocabulary
Bill cost to pay after using a service
Fodder food given to domestic animals like cows,
LY
sheep, and goats
N
Household all the people living together in a house or
flat/apartment
O
Livestock animals kept by people
Misuse use badly SE
Project a piece of planned work that is finished over
U
a period of time to achieve a particular purpose
Resources things which have economic value that
E
increase wealth
N
Tap water water that comes through a tap

LI
N
O
R
FO
76

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
DO NOT DUPLICATE
Chapter Nine
Income generating activities
Welcome to Chapter Nine. In Chapter Eight, you learned about

resources belonging to the family and school. You learned
LY
different ways of taking care of family and school resources.
In this chapter, you will learn about activities used to generate
income for the family. You will also learn about activities each
N
member of the family can do to generate income.
O
Identifying income generating activities in the family
We need food, clothing and shelter to survive. These are the basic
SE
needs for every human being. We can get them by working hard.
Income generating activities include fishing, farming, trading,
mining, bee-keeping, poultry keeping and livestock keeping.
U
We get food and money by participating in these activities.
For example, when we cultivate land and grow crops, we get
food. We also sell part of the crops to get money. We use
E
the money we get to buy clothes. We also use the money for
N
building houses.
LI
Each family has its own daily needs. To meet these needs, many
families take part in income generating activities.
N
O
Think
R
Have you ever seen people participating in income

FO
generating activities? What were they doing?
77

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
1. What are the basic needs of every human being?
2. Give examples of income generating activities in your family.
Identifying income generating activities
LY
Study the pictures in Figure 1 and then do Exercise 1.
N
O
SE
U
E
N
LI
N
O
R
FO
Figure1 People taking part in different income generating activities

78

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
1. What activities do you see taking place in Figure1?
2. What are the advantages of the activities shown in
Figure1?
Income generating activities of Mr and Mrs Chapakazi’s

family
LY
Read the following passage and then do Exercise 1.
The family of Mr and Mrs Chapakazi lives in the Tumaini suburb.
N
The place is near Tupendane Town. Mr Chapakazi is a teacher at
Maendeleo Primary School. Mrs Chapakazi is a nurse at Amani
O
Dispensary. Their children are Tumaini, Faraja, and Upendo.
These children study at Maendeleo Primary School.
SE
They take care of their vegetable garden in the evening and
weekends. They also raise chicken for eggs, meat and manure.
U
Apart from gardening and chicken raising, the family runs a
shop. Different goods are sold in the shop. These include rice,
sugar, maize-flour, cooking-oil, and stationery.
E
N
LI
N
O
R
FO
Figure 2 The family of Mr and Mrs Chapakazi taking part in income

generating activities
79

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
The division of labour
DOamong family members is very clear.
NOT DUPLICATE
When Mr and Mrs Chapakazi are back from their jobs, they
work in their vegetable garden. They sell these vegetables to
increase the family’s income.
Faraja and Tumaini return home from school on time. While
at home, they feed the chicken and collect eggs. Eggs are used
as food for the family. They are also sold to get money. While
LY
Faraja and Tumaini are feeding the chicken, Upendo is working
in the shop.
N
The family of Mr and Mrs Chapakazi grows food crops as well.
Mr and Mrs Chapakazi prepare the garden soil for sowing
O
seeds. The children take part in sowing seeds. Their family is
very successful and famous in their area because of their co-
SE
operation in income generating activities.
U
Exercise 2
1. What are the income generating activities mentioned in this
E
passage?
2. From the passage, what are the responsibilities of each
N
family member?
LI
3. What lessons have you learned from the passage?

N
O
Activity
1. Write different income generation activities that can be
R
done in your family.

FO
2. Tell your friends how you participate in your family income

generating activities.
80

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
1. List the income generating activities which are carried out

in your family.
2. Explain the disadvantages of not co-operating in family
income generating activities.
3. List income generating activities which are carried out in
your community.
LY
4. What income generating activities would you prefer to do
in the future? Why?
N
O
Ask yourself
What will happen if we do not participate in income generating
activities? SE
Vocabulary
U
Asset something of value a person owns
Collaborate work together
E
Dispensary a place where sick people get treatment

N
Income money that is earned from work or

LI
business
N
Income generating
O
activities things that you do to earn more money

Labour work, especially physical work
R
Nurse a person whose job is to take care of

FO
people who are ill or injured

Suburb residential area near the outside part of
a town
81

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
DO NOT DUPLICATE
Chapter Ten
Opportunities in various areas
Welcome to Chapter Ten. In Chapter Nine, you learned about
income generating activities. You also learned about the
responsibilities of each family member in such activities. In this
LY
chapter, you will learn about economic opportunities available
in different areas. You will learn about opportunities that good
N
farming land and rainfall can provide.
O
Identifying opportunities for income generating activities
in different areas
Income generating activities depend on the opportunities
SE
available in the environment. People who live in forest areas
keep bees. They also produce bee products, such as honey and
wax. They sell these products to get money.
U
Some people live near rivers, lakes, dams and oceans. They
fish and sell fish and their products. Some live in places where
E
there are many people. These people do business.

N
Other people live in areas where there is enough rainfall. They

LI
engage in farming activities. All these types of work are income

generating activities. These activities are also called economic
N
activities.
O
Think
R
What opportunities for income generation are found

in the area you live?
FO
82

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
Study Figure 1 andDO NOT
then do DUPLICATE
Exercise 1
LY
N
O
SE
U
E
N
Figure 1 People doing business

LI
N
Exercise 1
O
1. What economic activities do you see in the picture?

2. What are the advantages of the economic activities shown
in the picture?
R
FO
83

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
DO NOT
Opportunities in fertile DUPLICATE
land areas
Read the poem below and then do Exercise 2
A fertile land,
The land that provides food,
Cereals, fruits and vegetables,
Our bodies get healthier.
We do business,
LY
By selling products,
Where much money is obtained,
N
Resulting in better life.
O
Rearing not left behind,
Due to availability of grass,
Milk, meat and leather are found,
SE
Because of fertile land.
U
Exercise 2

E
1. Mention the opportunities available in the area you live.

N
2. Mention opportunities available from fertile land.

LI
3. Name crops that are cultivated on fertile land.

4. What are the advantages of keeping animals?
N
O
Opportunities in areas with good rainfall

R
Rain is very important in our lives. Areas with high rainfall

provide many opportunities for creating wealth.
FO
84

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
DO NOT DUPLICATE
Discussion
1. What benefits do we get from rain?

2. Is there any difference between the land on which
there is rainfall and where there is no rain?
Some opportunities in rainfall and fertile land areas
LY
N
O
SE
U
E
N
LI
N
O
R
FO
Figure 2 Opportunities in fertile areas with enough rainfall
85

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
DO NOT
Read the following story DUPLICATE
and then answer the questions.
One day, Sikujua and her mother were returning from the farm.
The farm was far from their home. On their way back, they felt
tired. They decided to rest under a tree. It was in the evening,
and it was getting dark. Sikujua asked her mother, “Mother,
why is it getting dark earlier today?”
Her mother answered, “It is getting dark because of the rain
LY
clouds. It looks like it is going to rain.” Sikujua then said, “Why
are you happy when it is about to rain? Personally, I am not
N
happy when it rains. Rain will prevent me from going to school.
O
Rain may even bring floods and damage our bridge.” Her mother
replied, “My daughter, we need the rain. It helps us grow our
SE
crops. Without rain, we cannot get food.” Sikujua said, “Yes
Mom, I understand. Rain is very important.” Her mother added,
“Rain also supports the growth of grass for our cattle.”
U
Sikujua also said, “When it rains, we fish in the river. We also
harvest water and sell it to other people and earn some money.”
E
Her mother said, “Sikujua, do you remember last year? When it

N
rained, we caught many edible grasshoppers?” Sikujua said, “Yes,

LI
I remember, Mom. We ate a lot of grasshoppers. We also sold

some of them. Rain really creates so many opportunities.”
N
Questions
O
1. What opportunities do areas with enough rain provide?

R
2. What activities do people in your community do when it rains?

FO
3. What are the disadvantages of too much rain?
86

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
Study the followingDO NOT and
picture DUPLICATE
then do Exercise 3.
LY
N
O
SE
Figure 3 People fishing, processing, and selling fish
U
Exercise 3
1. What opportunities are brought by rain as seen in the picture?
E
2. What other income generating activities are available in

N
areas with enough rainfall?

LI
3. Identify the benefits of fertile land.

4. Mention income generating opportunities available where
N
you live.
O
R
Ask yourself
FO
What will happen if it does not rain for a long time?
87

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
DOVocabulary
NOT DUPLICATE
Edible insects that people can eat

grasshoppers
Floods large flow of water caused by rain, which
a
sometimes causes damage
Furniture all movable things such as chairs, tables, beds,
LY
cup boards, shelves and dressing tables found
in a building
N
Manufacture make goods using machines
O
Nuisance something causing lack of order and peace
Opportunity a situation for doing something profitable
Wealth
SE
the amount of property or money that
one owns
U
E
N
LI
N
O
R
FO
88

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
DO NOT DUPLICATE
Revision Questions
Part A: Choose the most correct letter to answer the
following questions.
1. Temperature is measured by an instrument called a __.
(a) ruler
LY
(b) thermometer
(c) tape measure
N
2. Everything that surrounds human beings is called ______.
O
(a)the environment
(b) school
3.
(c) home SE
The source of heat is the ________.
U
(a) rain
(b) clouds
(c) The Sun
E
N
4. A child of your uncle is known as ________.

(a) aunt
LI
(b) cousin
N
(c) nephew
O
5. One thing that maintains our Tanzanian culture is ____.

(a) cultural games
R
(b) Mdumange
FO
(c) Mdundiko
89

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY
DO NOT DUPLICATE
Part B: Write True for correct statements and False for
incorrect statements in the blank spaces.
6. Rainfall helps grow crops. ________
7. A clean environment is a source of diseases. ________
8. A sweater and a jacket are clothes worn in cold areas. ______
9. Livestock and land are sources of income. ________
10. The Sun is the largest object in the Solar system. _____
LY
Part C: Fill in the blanks to complete the following
N
questions.
O
11. Tools that are used for cleaning the classroom are ____,
____ and ____.
SE
12. The first president of our country is ________.
13. The fifth president of our country is ________.
U
14. Two advantages of having good friends are
________ and __________.
E
15. Tanzania is a union between Tanganyika and ________.

16. Tanganyika became independent in the year ________.
N
17. The founders of a family are ________ and ________.

LI
18. Name three resources available in your school.

N
(a) _____________
(b) _____________
O
(c) _____________
R
19. Two benefits of rain are ________ and _________.

FO
20. Draw a classroom map and show the teacher’s table,

chalkboard and desks or tables.
90

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Tanzania Institute of Education

Social Studies STD 3.indd 1 18/10/2021 10:22

All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, stored in

electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise

Social Studies STD 3.indd 2 18/10/2021 10:22

The Solar system............................................................................64

Social Studies STD 3.indd 3 18/10/2021 10:22

The Tanzania Institute of Education (TIE) would like to acknowledge

Writer: Mr Wilson Mihayo 

Social Studies STD 3.indd 4 18/10/2021 10:22

Social Studies STD 3.indd 5 18/10/2021 10:22

Social Studies STD 3.indd 6 18/10/2021 10:22

We are also part of the environment. Things which are found

reproduce, and die. Examples of living things are people, birds,

Non-living things refer to all things that cannot grow, move,

Social Studies STD 3.indd 1 18/10/2021 10:22

Figure 2 Non-living things

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Figure 3 Things found in our home environment

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1. Mention three things found in your home environment.

Figure 4 The school environment

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................ and ...................

a. a road and a house.

b. living things and non-living things.

9. Living things are ................... and .....................

a. trees and cars.

c. humans and animals.

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provide fresh air as well.

Rabia Hey, look at their flower garden! It is well

arranged, and it makes the school look

Kaluza Ee! Look at the school sign-board. Its name

has been written neatly!

and games. Can you see it?

Kaluza Yes, I can see it. It is a nice playground. Rabia,

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1. Which things are found at Kisomola Primary School but not

2. What things attract you to Kisomola Primary School?

4. Which things are found at your school but not at Kisomola

With your fellow pupils, study your school environment.

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Figure 5 Pupils cleaning the classroom

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1. Mention the activities shown in Figure 5.

classroom to make it attractive.”

Halima took a broom with a long handle and started to

remove cobwebs. John said to Halima, “You have done a

good job to remove cobwebs. Cobwebs pollute our classroom

and other organisms.” Then Dotto said, “If we do not remove

After that, Helena took a piece of cloth and began to remove

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Teachers and prefects came to inspect our classroom. We won the

4. Why is it important to arrange desks properly?

5. Mention four advantages of cleaning your classroom.

6. Mention steps to follow when cleaning a classroom.

7. Describe how a clean class looks like.

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Writer: Mr Wilson Mihayo

Kaluza Ee! Look at the school sign-board. Its name

Kaluza Yes, I can see it. It is a nice playground. Rabia,

Garden a piece of land planted with flowers, fruits

Micro-organism a very small creature which cannot be

Heat It is not true. Even if it becomes very cold, people