STEREOTYPES

ACCORDING TO BRITANICCA DICTIONARY

A STEREOTYPE IS:
"an often unfair and untrue belief that
many people have about all people or
things with a particular characteristic"
 STEREOTYPES ARE
CREATED BY LACK OF
INFORMATION.
Why are they harmful?
It makes us ignore differences
between individuals.

We think things about people

that might not be true.
 TYPES OF
STEREOTYPES
 CULTURAL STEREOTYPES
Cultural stereotypes: harmful assumptions
based on cultural background. Relates to race,
nationality or religion.

Culture is diverse; avoid blanket assumptions.

 GENDER STEREOTYPES
Gender stereotypes limit
potential and personal
expression.
Stereotypes contribute to
the gender pay gap and
underrepresentation.
SOCIAL-CLASS STEREOTYPES
Social class stereotypes
focus on one's income and
appearance.
High socioeconomic status
= well-being, health, and
intelligence
STEREOTYPES CREATE
FEAR AND HATRED.
 HOW TO STOP
STEREOTYPES?
Don't rely on what you've
been taught about certain
group of people.
DO A RESEARCH AND
TALK TO PEOPLE
FROM THAT GROUP.
STEREOTYPES IN ART
Gender roles by Micheal Byers
Feminine stereotypes by Romina Bassu
Indian Look-Alike
by Melanie Yazzie
William H. West´s Big Minstrel Jubilee
 THANK YOU FOR
YOUR ATTENTION!
STEREOTYPE
Škola primijenjene umjetnosti i dizajna
Zadar
What gender is the baby in the picture? How do we know?
Who is an art teacher and who
is a headmistress?
A stereotype is a widely adopted fixed, over generalized belief about a
particular group or class of people.

We think that a person has a whole range of characteristics and abilities that we assume all
members of that group have.

For example- men are better in fixing things

The term stereotype comes from the French adjective stéréotype and
derives from the Greek words στερεός (stereos), "firm, solid" and
τύπος (typos), impression, hence "solid impression on one or more
ideas/theories."
We can have stereotypes about any kind of people. We tend to categorize people in
different ways - by gender, age, race, nationality, education, the type of music they
listen, the kind of clothes they weare…

Can you give me some examples?

How would you describe your own nation?
Or some other nations?
English - are stiff
Italians- temperamental and relaxed
Germans- accurate organized
Japanese- diligent, disciplined
 Based on
Based on
illusory
limited
correlation
experience

STEREOTYPES

Based on Over-
false simplified
propagan and over-
da generalized
 Why is a stereotype emerge? –they make our world
simplier.
Based on
limited The use of stereotypes is a way in which we simplify our social
experience world; since they reduce the amount of processing we have to do
when we meet a new person.

We don’t need to think much about someone. Otherwise, when

meeting someone, we need a series of questions in order to
evaluate that person and put him in a category.
It is easier to draw conclusions about a
member of a group based on some
already known characteristics. Over
time, these traits turned into
stereotypes about these groups.
Based on
illusory Illusory Correlation is when we see an association
correlation between two things (events, actions, ideas, etc.)
when they aren’t actually associated.

For example- we see few colored people in our comunity.

We hear about crime committed by colored people.
Even though we hear about crime committed by other races even more often we
tend to find a coleration between colored people and crime which is illusory. And
that leads to stereotype about colored people.
The public disproportionately notices violence perpetrated by minority
groups and connects this violence with certain races or ethnicities, despite no
such correlation existing.
Over- By stereotyping we infer that a person has a whole range of
simplified characteristics and abilities that we assume all members of
and over- that group have. For example „all colored people are
dangerous”.
generalized
Based on
false
propagan
da

1938 Vintage Nazi German Racist

Propaganda Press article.
Stereotype images portraying the purest
stock of Aryans according to Nazi ideology,
the Nordic people of Germany, compared to
other Nazi designated 'inferior' race.
POSTITVE STEREOTYPES

Positive examples of stereotypes include judges (the phrase “sober as a judge”

would suggest this is a stereotype with a very respectable set of
characteristics)
NEGATIVE STEREOTYPES

Often, stereotypes can be negative or even harmful. The most common

stereotypes that tend to be negative include:

cultural stereotypes
social stereotypes
racial stereotypes
gender stereotypes
religious stereotypes
Examples of Cultural Stereotypes
Each culture has key characteristics that make them unique.
Unfortunately, each culture also has its share of stereotypes — negative and positive —
about themselves or other cultures.

People from X country are better than people from Y country.

People from X country are all ignorant and rude.
People from X countries are less educated than people from Y or Z countries.
People from X country are violent and uncivilized.
People from X country are overweight.
People from X country are lazy.
People from X country are all tall and gorgeous.
Examples of Social Stereotypes
Whether it’s the jocks, nerds, cheerleaders, or goths in your school people
sometimes make assumptions about different social groups based on their
characteristics, economic class, age, skills, etc. While these can be positive,
there are many negative stereotypes about various social groups.

X group is unfriendly and prudish.

X types of people are weird.
People from X group are shallow and selfish.
X people are happy.
X people are good listeners.
Examples of Racial Stereotypes
These stereotypes are extremely harmful to others and can result in discrimination
and violence. While stereotypes — especially racial and cultural stereotypes — are
often harmful, there are some that can seemingly reflect positively on groups.
Nevertheless, stereotypes contribute to misconceptions about and inequality
among groups because they reduce individual or collective experiences to a few
characteristics that do not apply to everyone.

X race is superior to Y race.

People from X race are not as good at something as people from Y race.
X group of people are unintelligent.
X people are dangerous.
People of X race are fun and energetic.
Examples of Gender Stereotypes
People of different genders have always been compared and contrasted with
each other, which can result in stereotypes. Negative stereotypes can arise
when people of a certain gender make generalizations about another gender
or even their own.

X gender is better at something than Y

gender.
X gender is more aggressive than Y
gender.
X gender is less attractive than Y gender.
People of X gender are all bad drivers.
People of X gender are untidy and
disorganized.
People of X gender are more intelligent.
Examples of Religious Stereotypes
Religion is so prevalent and mean a lot to many people and therefore both
positive and negative stereotypes have been formed over the years.

People who follow X belief system are all foolish or

selfish.
People who practice X religion are intolerant.
People who practice X religion are naive.
People of X religion are dangerous and
destructive.
People who practice X religion are peaceful.
People who practice X religion do good things for
others.
People who practice X religion are generous.
SELF-STEREOTYPE

Self-stereotyping occurs when we belive that our own characteristics

correspond to common beliefs about the characteristics of a group we
belong to.
In most European countries, the proportion of females pursuing a career in STEM
(Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) is still alarmingly low. The past
decades have seen the proportion of females in these fields remain constant at
approximately 25% in the EU
Stereotypical classifications of professions and subjects have strong
implications for females. They impair learning and prevent females from
fulfilling their full potential.
According to some studies (Marsh and Scalas, 2011.) stereotypes lower
one's self-assessment and sense of competence. Therefore they even have
an impact on career choices
WHERE AND WHEN WE FORM STEREOTYPES?

Although stereotypes can be absorbed at any age they are usually

acquired in early childhood under the influence of parents, teachers,
piers and media.
When our teachers showed us famous scientists and historical figures, what race were
most of the examples?
How did our parents talk and interact with people of other races/ nationalities?
How did our families treat people who were the same race / nationality as them?
Who were our childhood heroes?
Who tends to appear in magazines or advertisements as the ideal standard of beauty or
being portrayed as smart / wealthy…?
We also pick up stereotypes from the world around us. We hear stereotypical talk,
or see stereotypical images. Family, friends, school, work, church, the media, etc.
Of course, we can learn from people whether they say anything or not.
In an analysis of the top 100 selling children’s picture books in 2017 by The
Observer and Neilsen, it was found that male characters are twice as likely to take
leading roles, often in stereotypically masculine activities, and are given far more
speaking parts than females.
The environment encourages stereotypical behaviors - boys do not cry, boys can
be more aggressive than girls…
Advertisment
racial stereotypes
Disney’s early princess movies offer heroines that are strikingly similar: soft-spoken, ethereally
beautiful, and willing to endure hardship and humiliation without a peep of complaint.
Today, Disney’s princesses are a sassier, pluckier bunch.
But research has found a surprising trend: Even when they have the starring role, women speak
only a minority of the dialogue—and far less than they did in the films of the 1930s and
’50s. Male characters with speaking roles vastly outnumber female ones in every single film.
Race representation
Gender representation- over sexualised female character
Snow White , Grimm brothers
The stepmother's motives are representative of society's message to women
that they are competitors for male attention. The queen is not power-hungry,
as most male fairy tale villains are, but rather wants to be the most attractive.
Cindarella

Helped make a stereotype of a

stepmother- mean and loves
only her own children,
as well as of a good beautiful girl
who cares for animals and does
what she is told.
Stereotype of a father who has to
marry another woman so the child
could have a mother.
 STEREOTYPE – PREJUDICE - DISCRIMINATION
STEROTYPE + NEGATIVE EMOTIONS + LACK OF INFORMATION = PREJUDICE
PREJUDICE
Prejudice is negative and hostile attitudes towards members of certain groups
created due to lack of information They are not based on real experience - we have
a negative opinion about something or someone even though we have not
experienced it.

If someone is acting on
their prejudices, they
are pre-judging (hence
the term ‘prejudice’)
someone before they
even get a chance to
know them on a
deeper level.
As mentioned, a prejudiced attitude can be based on a number of factors,
including sex, race, age, sexual orientation, nationality, socioeconomic status, and
religion. Some of the most well-known types of prejudice include the following:

Racism - prejudice and discrimination) directed against members of a particular

racial and ethnic group (Holocaust)
Sexism - prejudice (and discrimination) aimed at women and men based on
gender. Once encouraged (60 e)
Ageism - prejudice (and discrimination) based on one's age - employment of the
elderly
Homophobia - prejudice (and discrimination) based on one's sexual orientation
Nationalism- prejudice (and discrimination) based on one's nation
Religious prejudice- prejudice (and discrimination) based on one's religion
Xenophobia- fear of strangers, is a broad term that may be applied to any fear of
someone who is different from us. Hostility towards outsiders is often a reaction
to fear.
Racism - prejudice and discrimination) directed against members of a particular racial and
ethnic group (Holocaust)

For example, a person might have a lot of preconceived ideas about someone who is Christian,
Muslim, or Jewish and will allow those judgements to affect the way they view and treat those
people. The same can be true for people who are Black, White, or Asian.
Sexism - prejudice (and discrimination) aimed at women and men based
on gender.
Sexism was once
encouraged (60 e)
In an effort to provoke discussion about modern-day sexism, Eli Rezkallah,
a Lebanon-based artist and photographer, flipped the gender roles in a
series of images that recreate sexist ads from the 1950s and 1960s.
Ageism - prejudice (and discrimination) based on one's age - employment of
the elderly
Homophobia - prejudice (and discrimination) based on one's sexual orientation
Religious prejudice- prejudice (and discrimination) based on one's religion
Xenophobia- fear of strangers, is a broad term that may be applied to any
fear of someone who is different from us.
DISCRIMINATION
If prejudice encourages negative behavior towards a member of a group
just because that person belongs to a certain group, it is discrimination.
We all have the right to be treated equally, regardless of our race, ethnicity,
nationality, class, caste, religion, belief, sex, gender, language, sexual orientation,
gender identity, sex characteristics, age, health or other status.

Discrimination occurs when a person is unable to enjoy his or her human rights or
other legal rights on an equal basis with others because of an unjustified distinction
made in policy, law or treatment.
What helps reduce stereotypes- prejudice-
discrimination?

1. Anti-discrimination laws

1. Education

1. Media - raise awareness of attitudes towards

certain groups and influence public opinion

1. Civil society organizations for the protection of

civil rights - advocate for the equality of groups
that are the target of prejudice and initiate
changes in the social climate and thus the
adoption of laws - eg people with physical
disabilities

1. Direct contact with members of the group

towards which we have prejudices
Education- for example about the importance of a involved father
Media - raise awareness of attitudes towards certain groups and influence public opinion
Civil society organizations for the protection of civil rights - advocate for the equality of
groups that are the target of prejudice and initiate changes in the social climate and thus
the adoption of laws - eg people with physical disabilities
Direct contact with members of the group towards which we have prejudices
 When we realize that we are pre-judging someone else, we
should try asking ourselves the following questions:

Why am I having this thought?

What proof do I have that my judgement

about this particular person or group is
correct?

What don’t I know about this person or

group?

Is it possible that I could be biased?

Thank you for your attention.

Škola primijenjene umjetnosti i dizajna Zadar

School of Fine Arts Zadar
STEREOTYPES
 STEREOTYPES
stereotype comes from the French adjective stéréotype and derives from the
Greek words στερεός (stereos), "firm, solid” and τύπος (typos), impression
 DEFINITION
Stereotype – A fixed idea or image that many people have of a
particular type of person, group or thing, but which is often not true
and in reality and may cause hurt and offence.
 OUR CLASSIFICATIONS OF STEREOTYPES

Group stereotypes
Racial/cultural

Gender stereotypes
Age stereotypes
 TYPES OF STEREOTYPES

Racial/cultural
People from X country are better than people from Y country.

People from X country are violent and uncivilized.

People from X country are warm and welcoming.

X group of people are unintelligent.

TYPES OF STEREOTYPES

Gender stereotypes
X gender is better at something than Y gender.

People of X gender are more intelligent.

X gender is more aggressive than Y gender.

TYPES OF STEREOTYPES

Age stereotypes
Older People Are Comfortable Financially

Older People Want to Die

TYPES OF STEREOTYPES

Religious stereotypes
People who practice X religion are intolerant.

People who practice X religion are peaceful.

People who practice X religion are generous.

WHY ARE THEY HARMFUL?
Stereotyping leads to categorizing people into groups based on certain characteristics or ideas about that group. This can
be limiting at best and lead to unintentional or intentional discrimination — and even violence — at worst.
WHY WE SHOULD NOT STEREOTYPE PEOPLE
it can cause low self-seteem

it can cause PTSD

people may start believing the said stereotype

intergenerational trauma

feel like they lack controlof their own life

the inability to fully trust others

HOW TO AVOID THE MISTAKE OF STEREOTYPING
SOMEONE
By educating ourselves!
CONCLUSIONS
stereotypes
• Stereotyping can seriously harm a person’s confidence and self-esteem. Those
that experience this judgment may begin to lose themselves to the assumptions
of others. In severe cases, individuals can experience belittling, denied
opportunities, violence, and slander.
Social Stereotypes

• Jocks, nerds, cheerleaders, goths and many other kinds of people you may see
in your school or in movies, or anywhere else are the kinds of people that many
make assumptions about. They tend to put them different social groups based
of their characteristic. While these can be positive, there are many negative
stereotypes about these social groups.

• X type of person is better at something than Y type of person simply because

they belong to that group.

• X group is unfriendly and prudish.

• X people are not attractive because they are part of a certain group.

• X types of people are weird.

• People from X social class are less educated than people from Y class.
Racial Stereotypes

• One of the worst kinds of stereotypes are racial stereotypes. They‘re extremely
harmful to others and can result in discrimination and even violence.
Stereotypes contribute to about inequality among groups. Because of these
harmful stereotypes, people of colour often experience the cruelty of racism

• X race is superior to Y race.

• People from X race are not as good at something as people from Y race.

• X group of people are unintelligent.

• X group of people are greedy.

• X people are dangerous.

• X people are untrustworthy.

Cultural stereotypes
• Each culture has something that makes them special and unique. Even tho
tradicion is beautiful, unfortunately, each culture also has its share of
stereotypes, negative and positive, about themselves or other cultures.

• People from X country are better than people from Y country.

• People from X country are all ignorant and rude.

• People from X countries are less educated than people from Y or Z countries.

• People from X country hate people from Y and Z countries.

• People from X country are violent and uncivilized.

• People from X country are overweight.

Religious Stereotypes

• Religion is common and important for many people around the world. Because
religion is debatable, both positive and negavite stereotypes have been made
over the years.

• People who practice X religion are extremists and hypocrites.

• People who follow X belief system are all foolish or selfish.

• People who practice X religion are intolerant.

• People who practice X religion are naive.

• People of X religion are dangerous and destructive.

• People of X religion are only concerned with money.

Gender Stereotypes

• People of different genders have always been compared and contrasted with
each other, which can result in stereotypes. These stereotypes have caused
harm, sexism and are still debated to this day.

• X gender is better at something than Y gender.

• X gender is more aggressive than Y gender.

• X gender is less attractive than Y gender.

• People of X gender are all bad drivers.

• People of X gender are untidy and disorganized.

• People from X gender are bad listeners and communicators

• 1. Women are emotional.

• 2. Women want attention.

• 3. Women are nurturers.

• 4. Women can’t be a man’s equal.

• 5. Women are complicated.

• Men don’t cry.

• Mens don’t wear pink.

• Men do not do household chores.

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