Study Reference for Class 10 Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts

Revision Notes for Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts

Extra Questions for Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts
MCQ Test for Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts
Video for Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts

In Text Questions

Page No: 18

1. You have been provided with three test tubes. One of them contains distilled water and the
other two contain an acidic solution and a basic solution, respectively. If you are given only red
litmus paper, how will you identify the contents of each test tube?

Answer

If the colour of red litmus does not change then it is acid. If the colour of red litmus changes to
blue then it is base. If there is slight change in the colour of red litmus (such as purple) then it is
distilled water.

Page No: 22

1. Why should curd and sour substances not be kept in brass and copper vessels?

Answer NCERT SOLUTIONS  REVISION NOTES  EXTRA QUESTIONS  MCQ  DOW

Curd and other sour substances contain acids. Therefore, when they are kept in brass and copper
vessels, the metal reacts with the acid to liberate hydrogen gas and harmful products, thereby
spoiling the food.

2. Which gas is usually liberated when an acid reacts with a metal? Illustrate with an example.
How will you test for the presence of this gas?

Answer

Hydrogen gas is usually liberated when an acid reacts with metal.

Take few pieces of zinc granules and add 5 ml of dilute H2SO4. Shake it and pass the gas produced
into a soap solution. The bubbles of the soap solution are formed. These soap bubbles contain
hydrogen gas.
H2SO4 + Zn → ZnSO4 + H2 ↑
We can test the evolved hydrogen gas by its burning with a pop sound when a candle is brought
near the soap bubbles.

3. Metal compound A reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce effervescence. The gas
evolved extinguishes a burning candle. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction if one
of the compounds formed is calcium chloride.

Answer

CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CaCl2 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
Calcium Carbonate + Hydrochloric acid → Calcium Chloride + Carbon dioxide + Water

Page No: 25

1. Why do HCl, HNO3, etc., show acidic characters in aqueous solutions while solutions of 
compounds like alcohol and glucose do not show acidic character?

NCERT SOLUTIONS  REVISION NOTES  EXTRA QUESTIONS  MCQ  DOW

Answer

When HCl or HNO3 are mixed with water then they dissolve in water to form H+ or H3O+ ions
which shows their acidic character. For example just see the following reactions
HCl (aq) → H+ + Cl-
H + + H 2 O → H3 O +
When alcohols and glucose are mixed with water then they do not dissolve to form ions. Hence
they do not show acidic character.

2. Why does an aqueous solution of an acid conduct electricity?

Answer

The presence of hydrogen (H+) or hydronium (H3O+) ions in the aqueous solution of an acid are
responsible for conducting electricity.

3. Why does dry HCl gas not change the colour of the dry litmus paper?

Answer

Dry HCl gas not change the colour of the dry litmus paper because it has no Hydrogen ions (H+) in
it.

4. While diluting an acid, why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water and not
water to the acid?

Answer

Since the process of dissolving an acid in water is exothermic, it is always recommended that acid
should be added to water. If it is done the other way, then it is possible that because of the large
amount of heat generated, the mixture splashes out and causes burns.

5. How is the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+) affected when a solution of an acid is
diluted?

Answer

When an acid is diluted, the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+) per unit volume decreases.


This means that the strength of the acid decreases.

NCERT SOLUTIONS  REVISION NOTES  EXTRA QUESTIONS  MCQ  DOW
6. How is the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH−) affected when excess base is dissolved in a
solution of sodium hydroxide?

Answer

The concentration of hydroxide ions (OH−) would increase when excess base is dissolved in a
solution of sodium hydroxide.

Page No: 28

1. You have two solutions, A and B. The pH of solution A is 6 and pH of solution B is 8. Which
solution has more hydrogen ion concentration? Which of this is acidic and which one is basic?

Answer

A pH value of less than 7 indicates an acidic solution, while greater than 7 indicates a basic
solution. Therefore, the solution with pH = 6 is acidic and has more hydrogen ion concentration
than the solution of pH = 8 which is basic.

2. What effect does the concentration of H+ (aq) ions have on the nature of the solution?

Answer

If the concentration of H+ (aq) ions is increased (>10-7) then the solution become acidic and if the
concentration of H+ (aq) ions is decreased (<10-7) then the solution become basic in nature.

3. Do basic solutions also have H+ (aq) ions? If yes, then why are these basic?

Answer

Yes, basic solution also has H+ ions. However, their concentration is less as compared to the
concentration of OH- ions that makes the solution basic.

4. Under what soil condition do you think a farmer would treat the soil of his fields with quick lime
(calcium oxide) or slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) or chalk (calcium carbonate)?

Answer

If the soil is acidic and improper for cultivation, then to increase the basicity of soil, the farmer
would treat the soil with quick lime or slaked lime or chalk.
NCERT SOLUTIONS  REVISION NOTES  EXTRA QUESTIONS  MCQ  DOW
Page No: 33

1. What is the common name of the compound CaOCl2?

► Bleaching Powder.

2. Name the substance which on treatment with chlorine yields bleaching powder?
► Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]

3. Name the sodium compound which is used for softening hard water.
► Washing soda (Na2CO3.10H2O)

4. What will happen if a solution of sodium hydrocarbonate is heated? Give the equation of the
reaction involved.

Answer

When sodium hydrogen carbonate is heated then sodium carbonate and water is formed along
with the evolution of carbon dioxide gas.

5. Write an equation to show the reaction between Plaster of Paris and water.

Answer

Page No: 34

Exercise

1. A solution turns red litmus blue, its pH is likely to be

(a) 1
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 10
► (d) 10


2. A solution reacts with crushed egg-shells to give a gas that turns lime-water milky. The solution

NCERT SOLUTIONS  REVISION NOTES  EXTRA QUESTIONS  MCQ  DOW

contains
(a) NaCl
(b) HCl
(c) LiCl
(d) KCl
► (b) HCl

3. 10 mL of a solution of NaOH is found to be completely neutralised by 8 mL of a given solution of

HCl. If we take 20 mL of the same solution of NaOH, the amount of HCl solution (the same
solution as before) required to neutralise it will be
(a) 4 mL
(b) 8mL
(c) 12 mL
(d) 16 mL
► (d) 16 mL

4. Which one of the following types of medicines is used for treating indigestion?
(a) Antibiotic
(b) Analgesic
(c) Antacid
(d) Antiseptic
► (c) Antacid

5, Write word equations and then balanced equations for the reaction taking place when −
(a) dilute sulphuric acid reacts with zinc granules.
(b) dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with magnesium ribbon.
(c) dilute sulphuric acid reacts with aluminium powder.

Branded plant stands

D&V ENGINEERING - Creative in innovation Meta…

2,845
41% off Prime Early Deal
₹ 2,345.00 ₹3,999.00

(d) dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with iron filings. 

Answer
NCERT SOLUTIONS  REVISION NOTES  EXTRA QUESTIONS  MCQ  DOW
(a) H2SO4 (aq) + Zn (s) → ZnSO4 (aq) + H2 (g)

(b) 2HCl (aq) + Mg (s) → MgCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

BRANDED PLANT
STANDS

D&V ENGINEERING - Creative in innovation…

2,845
41% off Prime Early Deal
₹2,345 00
₹3,999.00

(c) 3H2SO4 (aq) + 2Al (s) → Al2(SO4)3 (aq) + 3H2 (g)

(d) 6HCl (aq) + 2Fe (s) → 2FeCl3 (aq) + 3H2 (g)

6. Compounds such as alcohols and glucose also contain hydrogen but are not categorized as
acids. Describe an activity to prove it.

Answer

Two nails are fitted on a cork and are kept it in a 100 mL beaker. The nails are then connected to
the two terminals of a 6-volt battery through a bulb and a switch. Some dilute HCl is poured in
the beaker and the current is switched on. The same experiment is then performed with glucose
solution and alcohol solution.

Observations:
It will be observed that the bulb glows in the HCl solution and does not glow in the glucose
solution.

Result:
NCERT SOLUTIONS  REVISION NOTES  EXTRA QUESTIONS  MCQ  DOW
HCl dissociates into H+and Cl−ions. These ions conduct electricity in the solution resulting in the
glowing of the bulb. On the other hand, the glucose solution does not dissociate into ions.
Therefore, it does not conduct electricity.

Conclusion:
From this activity, it can be concluded that all acids contain hydrogen but not all compounds
containing hydrogen are acids.
That is why, though alcohols and glucose contain hydrogen, they are not categorised as acids.

7. Why does distilled water not conduct electricity, whereas rain water does?

Answer

Distilled water cannot conduct electricity because it does not contain ions while rain water
conducts electricity as it contains ions due presence of dissolved salts in it.

8. Why do acids not show acidic behaviour in the absence of water?

Answer

Acids do not show acidic behaviour in the absence of water because the dissociation of hydrogen
ions from an acid occurs in the presence of water only.

9. Five solutions A, B, C, D and E when tested with universal indicator showed pH as 4, 1, 11, 7 and 9,
respectively. Which solution is
(a) neutral?
(b) strongly alkaline?
(c) strongly acidic? 
(d) weakly acidic?
(e) weakly alkaline?
NCERT SOLUTIONS  REVISION NOTES  EXTRA QUESTIONS  MCQ  DOW
Arrange the pH in increasing order of hydrogen-ion concentration.

Answer

(a) Neutral →Solution D with pH 7

(b) Strongly alkaline →Solution C with pH 11
(c) Strongly acidic →Solution B with pH 1
(d) Weakly acidic →Solution A with pH 4
(e) Weakly alkaline →Solution E with pH 9
The pH can be arranged in the increasing order of the concentration of hydrogen ions as: 11 < 9 < 7
< 4 < 1.

10. Equal lengths of magnesium ribbons are taken in test tubes A and B. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is
added to test tube A, while acetic acid (CH3COOH) is added to test tube B. In which test tube will
the fizzing occur more vigorously and why?

Answer

The fizzing will occur strongly in test tube A, in which hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added. This is
because HCl is a stronger acid than CH3COOH and therefore produces hydrogen gas at a faster
speed due to which fizzing occurs.

11. Fresh milk has a pH of 6. How do you think the pH will change as it turns into curd? Explain
your answer.

Answer

The pH of milk is 6. As it changes to curd, the pH will reduce because curd is acidic in nature. The
acids present in it decrease the pH.

12.A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk.

NCERT SOLUTIONS  REVISION NOTES  EXTRA QUESTIONS  MCQ  DOW

(a) Why does he shift the pH of the fresh milk from 6 to slightly alkaline?

(b) Why does this milk take a long time to set as curd?

Answer

(a) The milkman shifts the pH of the fresh milk from 6 to slightly alkaline because in alkaline
condition, milk does not set as curd easily.

(b) Since this milk is slightly basic than usual milk, acids produced to set the curd are neutralized
by the base. Therefore, it takes a longer time for the curd to set.

13. Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture-proof container. Explain why?

Answer


The Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture-proof container as it absorbs water from
moisture and turn into hard substance (Gypsum) as shown in following chemical equation.
NCERT SOLUTIONS  REVISION NOTES  EXTRA QUESTIONS  MCQ  DOW
14. What is a neutralization reaction? Give two examples.

Answer

A reaction in which an acid and base react with each other to give a salt and water is termed as
neutralization reaction.For Example:
(i) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
(ii) HNO3 + KOH → KNO3 + H2O

15. Give two important uses of washing soda and baking soda.

Answer

Two important uses of washing soda are:

→ It is used in glass, soap, and paper industries.
→ It is used to remove permanent hardness of water.

Two important uses of baking soda are:

→ It is used as baking powder. Baking powder is a mixture of baking soda and a mild acid known
as tartaric acid. When it is heated or mixed in water, it releases CO2 that makes bread or cake
fluffy.
→ It is used in soda-acid fire extinguishers.

Go Back To NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science

Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts Class 10 NCERT Solutions

Through these NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science, students should not waste time and adopt a
strategy that helps them operate and learn at maximum efficiency. It help in building a great
foundation of concepts and make easy for the students to understand basics. Chapter 3 of NCERT
Class 10 Science solutions has total 5 in-text questions and 15 questions in the exercise that clear
many doubts.

Topics in the chapter


• Understanding the chemical properties of bases and acids
→ Acids and Bases in the Laboratory
NCERT SOLUTIONS  REVISION NOTES  EXTRA QUESTIONS  MCQ  DOW