11

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics – Grade 11

Quarter 1 – Module 3: Studying Anthropology, Political Science, and Sociology
Understanding Culture Society and Politics – Garde 11
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Cultural Variation, Social Differences and
Political Identities
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Crisanter N. Mendoza
Editor:
Reviewers: Rufino Delos Santos
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Layout Artist: Crisanter N. Mendoza , Clifchard D. Valente

Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin

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Liza A. Alvarez (Science/STEM/SSP)
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 Understanding
Culture,Society and Politics 11
Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module 1
Cultural Variation, Social Differences
and Political Identities
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Grade 11 Self-

Learning Module on Cultural Variation, Social Difference and Political
Identities!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Understanding Culture, Society and Politics Self-Learning

Module on Cultural Variation, Social Differences and Political Identities!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

In this lesson, the students are expected to:

a. Define cultural variation, social difference and political identities.
b. Determine examples of cultural variation, social difference and political
identities
c. Classify the activities of cultural variation, social difference and political
identity.

PRETEST

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. It refers to the rich diversity in social practices that different cultures exhibit
around the world.
a. cultural variation c. political identities
b. social difference d. social change

2. It is a situation where people are discriminated against on the basis of social,

economic, and racial inequality.
a. social change c. social difference
b. cultural variation d. political identities

3. It refers to a group affiliation and describes the ways in which being a member
might express specific political opinions and attitude.
a. social change c. cultural variation
b. political identity d. social difference

4. These are types of cultural variation except ________________

a. Gender c. Race
b. Family structure d. Love life

5. There are two types of family structure, one is nuclear, and the other
is____________
a. foster c. extended
b. adopted d. alienated
 RECAP

CAN YOU REMEMBER IT?

Direction: On the table below, underline which word can be associated with the
word ANTHROPOLOGY. Then encircle the words related to SOCIOLOGY and box
the POLITICAL SCIENCE words.

Let’s start!

LESSON

CULTURAL VARIATION, SOCIAL DIFFERENCE AND POLITICAL

IDENTITY

Cultural variation refers to the rich diversity in social practices that different
cultures exhibit around the world. Cuisine and art all change from one culture to the
next, but so do gender roles, economic systems, and social hierarchy among any
number of other humanly organized behaviors. Cultural variation can be studied
across cultures.

People specifically students are not the same and alike. Their socio-economic
status, backgrounds, political beliefs cultural behaviors. Just like the saying goes
“Different strokes different folks”

Across the globe societies are different in forms and varies, this is because of
culture. Cultural Variation also refers to the differences in social behaviors that
different cultures exhibited around the world. And with the current New Normal,
another variation is on the horizon.

As a result of interacting by culture in both progressive and aggressive is due

to the evolution of those cultures being uninfluenced by one another. What may be
considered good etiquette in one culture may be considered an offensive gesture in
another. As this occurs constantly, cultures push each other to change. The
variations between humans are summarized in the ideas of natural selection and
evolution. Human variation is based on the principle that there is variation in traits
which is resulted by recombination of genes from sexual reproduction. These traits
are changeable and can be passed down generation to generation. It also relies on
differential reproduction, the idea that the environment can't support unlimited
population growth is because of the reason that not all individuals get to reproduce
to their full potential.

Table 1. primarily shows the examples of kinds of cultural variation (namely

ethnicity, religion and nationality) and its definitions

Table 1 : CULTURAL VARIATION

KINDS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
Ethnicity it is the expression of the set Ilocano
of cultural ideas held by Mangyan
indigenous people Maranao
Religion Is a system of beliefs and Christians
practices as well as system Moslems
of actions directed toward Hindus
entities which are above men
Nationality It is the legal relationship Filipinos
that binds a person and a Malaysians
country Indonesians

On the other hand, social difference is a situation where people felt

discriminated and there are also individuals on the basis of social
characteristics and qualities. Social difference can create discrimination
among individuals. For example, if in a society individual with a high status
are given more respects and importance as compared to the poor or homeless
people. Thus, social differences can create a lot of problems in society because
discrimination and prejudices always result in inequality inferiority complex
and others.

In Table 2, you can also determine the kinds of social differences. These
differences include those associated with gender, sexual orientation, age,
social class, religion, and ability. To give one example, social class continues
to persist as a significant difference within and between communities in a
world where poverty shows few signs of disappearing.

Table 2: SOCIAL DIFFERENCE

KINDS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
Gender it is the socially constructed Lesbian
characteristics of being male Bisexual
or female Gay
Socio- It refers to the category of High-income Class
Economic persons who have more or Middle-income Class
Classes less the same socio- Low-income class
economic privilege
Exceptionality It refers to the state of being Personality
intellectually gifted and /or Communication
 having physically or mentally Intellect
challenge Physical Appearance

Lastly, political identity is always associated with group affiliation and

describes the ways in which being a member of a certain group might express specific
political opinions and attitude. Like cultural variation and social difference, Various
factors constitute identity, it may include race, nationality where people live and a
person’s gender, sexuality, religion and socio- economic class.

Political identity as shown in Table 3 is about having political affiliations,

political benefits and loyalty as well.
Table 3: POLITICAL IDENTITY
KINDS DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE
Political Party benefit from partisan, seeks Liberal & Nacionalista
to cultural partisan loyalty
including dynasties among
their member
partisan signifies membership in a
affiliation group that defines a world PRO
view and a core set of and ANTI
common values
Political One who remains loyal DDS. Marcos loyalist,
loyalist especially to a political cause dilawan
 ACTIVITIES

LET’S SEE IF YOU UNDERSTAND!

Activity 1. Identify the meaning of the acronym LGBTQi

1. L__________________
2. G__________________
3. B__________________
4. T__________________
5. Q__________________
6. I___________________

Activity 2

Name at least 5 ethnic groups in the Philippines

1.____________________________________
2.____________________________________
3.____________________________________
4. ___________________________________
5. ___________________________________

Name at least 5 Religions/sects in the Philippines

1. ___________________________________
2. ___________________________________
3. ___________________________________
4. ___________________________________
5. ___________________________________
 WRAP-UP
WHAT DO YOU THINK!
Direction: After the discussion, what do you think about yourself? Let us
identify your personality by completing the sentence below.

Hi! I am (1.) ____________________ with an exceptional interest in (2.)

_______________. They say I’m (3.) __________________ but actually, my gender is
(4.) _________________. But I’m proud to say I belong to an ethnic group (5.)
_______________ even though we belong to a (6.)_______________ class of our
society. Despite of it, I am proud to be a (7.) __________________.

Now that we have understand a little about yourself. Let us now see
how well do you value your identity.

VALUING
AGREE OR DISAGREE!
Directions: Write or compose a short composition on “The Resilient Spirit of
a Filipino”. Do you agree or disagree that only Filipinos have that attitude in
facing problems like the COVID 19 pandemic? If disagree, expound why in
your composition.

__________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________
 POSTTEST

MATCHING TYPE
Directions: Match column A with column B. Write your answer on the space
provided before each number
A. B.

_______1. Nationality A. It is a system of beliefs and practices

_______2. Cultural variation B. It is the expression of the set of
cultural
_______3. Ethnicity C. It allows the state to protect a person
_______4. Religion D. It refers to the category of persons
_______5. Socio-economic E. It refers to the differences in
social behavior.
________6. Social difference F. It signifies membership in a group
that
defines a world view and a core set of
common values
________7. Political identity G. It describes the ways in which being
a member of a certain group might
express specific political opinions
and attitude.
________8. Gender H. It is the socially constructed
characteristics of being male or
female
________9. Affiliation I. It is a situation where people are
discriminated against on the
basis of social, economic, and
racial inequality.
________10. Sexuality J. It refers to the quality or state of being
sexual
 References

Book

Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics The Padayon Series

Antonio P. Contreras, Arleigh Ross D. dela Cruz Phd
Phoenix Publishing House

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics

Mariano M. Ariola
Unlimited Books Library Services & Publishing House

https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anthropology/Cultural_Anthro
pology/Book%3A_Cultural_Anthropology_(Wikibook)/3%3A_Anthropological
_Methods/3.1%3A_Human_Cultural_Variation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_variation