Pgen >

Hktrl`ummhýk n cn n`ehkhstrnmhýk iknkmhgrn

Cns iknkzns mlkmhgrkgk n cns `gmhshlkgs qug sg tlenk gk rgcnmhýk mlk gc `hkgrl ubls `g
ggmvl mlel rgmnu`nk usnk

? prhkmhphls uk`negktncgs

> sg prgigrg eîs vnclr qug egkls vnclr

? Munktl eîs prlktl sg rgmhog gc ggmvl eîs vnchlsls cls nmvls mlk egklr rhgsal slk eîs
vnchlsls y prggrh`ls qug nqugccls mlk eîs rhgsal iknkzns n`gmun`n geprgsn egblrgs
prl`umtls n sus mchgktgs
m chgktgs `gmhshlkgs iknkmhgrns n`gmun`ns agkgrnk ohgkgstnr

= îrgns agkgrncgs `g cns iknkzns

]g hktgrrgcnmhlknk

N) Egr
Egrmn`
mn`ls
ls g hks
hkstu
tumhl
mhlkgs
kgs ik
iknkm
nkmhgr
hgrns
ns

Onkmls mllpgrnvns eutuncgs egrmn`l `g hktgreg`hnmhýk iknkmhgrn

Mnsns `g mneohl Egrmn`l mneohnrhl `g @hvhsns

Mlepnþåns `g sgaurl egrmn`l nsgaurn`lr

Onkmn hkvgrshýk hkvgrshlkhstns nspx egrmn`l `g vnclrgs

O) Cns
Cns hkv
hkvgr
grsh
shlk
lkgs
gs

]lk cns `gmhshlkgs qug tlenk cns geprgsns y cns pgrslkns munk`l gchagk cls vnclrgs l nmvls
iknkmhgrls qug lrenk sus plrlchl s `g hkvgrshýk

, ukmhlkgs `g cns hkvgrshlkgs

Ynclr rhgsal rgk`hehgktl

pnrn `gtgrehknr cn egzmcn y mlepugstl gk ýpen `g cn mnrtgrn l plrtnlchl `g hkvgrshýk

Gc plrlchl `g hkvgrshýk

, rhqugzn `gc mchgktg `g mchgktg gstî gk cns hkvgrshlkgs

M) Cl
Clss sgr
sgrvh
vhmh
mhls
ls ik
iknk
nkmh
mhgr
grls
ls

slk cns ukmhlkgs prl`umtls qug lrgmgk gk cns lrankhznmhlkgs qug lpgrnk gk gc sgmtlr
iknkmhgrl mugktns onkmnrhns pýchzns `g sgaurl nmmhlkgs olkls `grhvn`ls nrohtrnbg `g elkg`n
gtmètgrn Gk agkgrnc gstns hkstumhlkgs sg `g`hmnk n cn n`ehkhstrnmhýk `gc `hkgrl cn ukmhýk `g
cls sgrvhmhls iknkmhgrls gs pgrehr ukn sgrhg `g plshohch`n`gs pnrn hkvgrr gc `hkgrl lobgtl `g
muepchr mhgrtns egtns mlel sgr mleprnr ukn mnsn
m nsn pcnkhimn cn buohcnmhýk mleprnr uk nutl clarnr
ukn gstnohch`n` iknkmhgrn gtmètgrn
 @) n`ehkh
n`ehkhstr
strnmh
nmhýk
ýk ikn
iknkmh
kmhgrn
grn

Gstu`hn cns `gmhshlkgs qug cns geprgsns tlenk gk rgcnmhýk mlk cls ubls `g ggmvl îeohtl
prhvn`l pòochml sgmtlr rgnc y iknkmhgrl pnrn tlenr `gmhshlkgs n`gmun`negktg mlel nepchnr cn
pcnktn Mýel iknkmhnr gc prlygmtl tèrehkls `g mrè`htl gehshýk `g nmmhlkgs olkls tnenþl `g
hkvgktnr hkvgktnrhl muîktl ggmvl enktgkgr

0) egtn `g tl`n ge
geprgsn
prgsn

, eumfns gk agkgrnc cls nmmhlkhstns quhgrgk enxhehznr cls rgk`hehgktls `g su hkvgrshýk cn egtn
`g cn geprgsn gs enxhehznr cn rhqugzn `gc nmmhlkhstn

7) hkhmhnvn `g cn N`ehkhstrnmhýk
N`ehkhstrnmhýk pnrn enxhehznr cn rrhqugzn
hqugzn `gc nmmhlkhstn

N) supugstls `g tl`l n`ehkhstrn`lr

>) vnclr `g cn nmmhýk

sg onsn gk cn mnk`n` `g ubls `g ggmvl qug gs mnpnz `g agkgrnr enylr

enylr ubl eîs vnchlsn cn
nmmhýk

?) prggrgkmhn prgsgktg

cls nmmhlkhstns prgigrgk ubls `g ggmvl nktgs qug `gspuès

=) hkvgrshýk `g rhgsal

Cls hkvgrshlkhstns gstîk `hspugstls nc pnal eîs plr ubl mhgrtls

m hgrtls mlkmhgrtls

Gk gc n`ehkhstrn`lr iknkmhgrl clarnrî su lobgvl sh y sýcl sh nuegktnr cls ubls `g ggmvl

gspgrn`ls `g cn geprgsn agkgrnk ubl `g ggmvl eîs prlktl hkmrgegktnk cn hkmgr`ueorg
`g cls ubls

O) `gmhshlkgs n tlenr

>) gstrumturn `g mnphtnc

Muîktl X què pl `g `g uk mnphtnc

m nphtnc sg kgmgshtn pnrn iknkmhnr cn geprgsn

?) prgsupugstl `g mnphtnc
^uè pl `g nmvls muepcg pnrn agkgrnr
a gkgrnr cls ubls `g ggmvl

=) plcåmn `g `hvh`gk`l

M) nmtlrgs n tlenr gk mugktn

@g Egrmn`l mlk`hmhlkgs gmlkýehmns `g rgaucnmhýk hkmcuyg mlstls mlepgtgkmhn `g cn geprgsn

hkargsls y gargsls iknkmhnehgktl gstrumturn plcåmn `g hkvgrshlkgs plcåmn `g `hvh`gk`ls

9) Eg`hmhýk `g ukn geprgsn

N) mlrtl pcnzl

uch`n` plr nmmhýk. Znrîegtrl mlrtl pcnzl

WZN 5uch`n` kgtn / K `g nmmhlkgs

Ynclr prgsgktg kl pl`gels mlep ut gsl gc prýxhel nþl mlk cls `ls nþls gk n`gcnktg
nmtunchznels hg

Hk`hmn`lr ehlpg

O) cnral pcnzl

plr gc vnclr prgsgktg `g cls ubls `g ggmvl gspgrnk`l Kgtl ukn geprgsn sg vnclrn plr cn
mnpnz `g agkgrnr ubls `g ggmvl

1) tèrehkls mcnvg

N) rgcnmhýk `g nagkmhn

gc nmmhlkhstn cg `n nc agrgktg `gcganmhýk `g nutlrh`n`gs `g uk prhkmhpnc nxhlen uk nagktg

agrgktg pnrn n`ehkhstrnr ncal geprgsn

O) prlocgen `g nagkmhn

mlk gc agrgktg tgkån `gmhshlkgs qug kl slk `gc egblr hktgrès `gc nmmhlkhstn

m) mlepgksnmhýk agrgkmhnc

pnrmhpnmhýk `g uch`n`gs

`) alohgrkl mlrplrnvl
rgacnegktls gs gc mlkbuktl `g rgacns qug ukn geprgsn shaug muîk`l pgrl gs uk enpn `g rutns
Mýel sg rgnchznk cls kgalmhls gstnocgmg cls `grgmfls y cns rgsplksnohch`n`gs `g mn`n ukl gk cn
geprgsn quhgkgs tlenk cns `gmhshlkgs gc enrml `g gsns `gmhshlkgs hkmcuyg uk mlksgbl `g
n`ehkhstrnmhýk hk`gpgk`hgktg `g cn agrgkmhn qug gkg plr lobgvl elkhtlrgnr sus lobgvls

G) tèrehk
tèrehkls
ls hktg
hktgrkn
rknmhl
mhlknc
kncgs
gs `g cn Mlrplrn
Mlrplrnmhý
mhýk
k

g.g.u.u mlrp Mlrplrnlk

Hkacntgrrn Ognmf puochm chehtg` Mlepnky ncgeîk Îkagc eèxhml-gspnþn s.n. cnklnegrhmnkn

F) rhgsal plcåml

Pl`n cn klmhýk gkg cn pltgstn` `g gbgrmgr su slogrnkån n cns pgrslkns yn cns prlphg`n`gs
`gktrl `g su tgrrhtlrhl slk chorg `g heplkgr rgstrhmmhlkgs

N) Cn trnksgrg
trnksgrgkmhn
kmhn `g rgmursls
rgmursls mlrplrn
mlrplrnvls
vls l gstrlpgnrsg
gstrlpgnrsg np
npl`grn
l`grnrsg
rsg `g gccl
gcclss pnrn gc
usl Zòochml mlk l shk mleplshmhýk hkmcuyg rhgsals `g tgrrlrhsel n cls ohgkgs l cls
agrgktgs
Pgen ?

Nkîchshs `g gstn`ls iknkmhgrls

Hktrl`ummhýk

tl`n geprgsn slmhg`n` l mlrplrnmhýk gstî lochan`n n mlkgmmhlknr gstn`ls iknkmhgrls

gstn`ls iknkmhgrls

rgsuegk `g cn shtunmhýk gmlkýehmn y iknkmhgrn `g cn geprgsn

? gstn`ls

?.> oncnkmg agkgrnc

gs ukn ltlarnn tlen`n gk uk elegktl `g gepl gmfn qug eugstrn cls nmvls `g ukn
geprgsn y mýel sg iknkmhn `gu`n mnphtnc

nmvl

nmvl mhrmucnktg n mlrtl pcnzl

ggmvl y gquhvncgktgs

mugktns plr mlornr

Hkvgktnrhls

nmvl `g cnral pcnzl kl mhrmucnktg

g`himhls pcnktn

enquhknrhn y gquhpl

pnshvl

pnshvl `g mlrtl pcnzl

mugktns plr pnanr

pnshvl n mlrtl pcnzl

`lmuegktls plr mlornr

pnshvl `g cnral pcnzl

Olkl

Zntrhelkhl

mnphtnc slmhnc nmmhlkgs mleukgs uk`nrlk geprgsn prggrgktg ]å l så pnan `hvh`gk`l mn`n nþl
Wch`n`gs `gc gbgrmhmhl

NP5ZN]HYL + ZNP_HELKHL

N) Ig
Igmf
mfnn `g
`gcc on
oncn
cnkm
kmg
g

Gs gc elegktl gk gc qug sg snmn cn ltl gcgahr gc elegktl gk gc munc sg gvncòn cn shtunmhýk

pntrhelkhnc `g cn mlepnþån nþl
nþl ismnc > > V nþls klrencegktg cn gmfn
gmfn `gc oncnkmg `gc => `g
`hmhgeorg

O) Mc
Mcns
nshi
himn
mnmh
mhýk
ýk `
`g
g nm
nmv
vls
ls
O>) nmvls `g mlrtl pcnzl
slk cls nmvls qug sg chquh`nrî y mlkvgrr gk ggmvl gk egkls `g uk nþl

O? nmvls n cnral pcnzl kl mhrmucnktg

slk hkvgrshlkgs qug nyu`n n agkgrnr ubls `g ggmvl gk pgrhl`ls eîs cnrals

M) mcns
mcnshi
himn
mnmh
mhýk
ýk `
`g
g pn
pnsh
shvl
vlss

pgrehtgk iknkmhnr cls nmvls gehshýk `g `gu`n l mnphtnc gk nmmhlkgs

M>) pnshvl mhrmucnktg

`gu`n pnan`grn
`gvgkan`ls gk egkls
mnk`n`gs `g >? egsgs
n`gmun`ns hkmcuygksgrvhmhls
n gepcgn`ls `gu`ns plr pnal n prlvgg`lrgs
`g alohgrkl y anstlsn
qug kl sg pnanrlk
cn gmfn `gc oncnkmg

M?) `gu`n n cnral pcnzl

rgahstrn cn gehshýk `g olkls g hkstruegktls shehcnrgs qug cn iren gehtg ^uè slk
pnan`lrgs gk pgrhl`ls enylrgs n uk nþl pntrhelkhl kgtl mlepugstl
m lepugstl plr gc mnphtnc
mlktnocg qug rgprgsgktn cn prlphg`n` `g cls nmmhlkhstns N `hgrgkmhn `g cls pnshvls gstg
mnphtnc kl `gog pnanrsg sýcl rgk`hr `hvh`gk`ls `gikhmhýk

@) pn
pntr
trhe
helk
lkhl
hl kgtl
kgtl

Mlepugstl plr gc mnphtnc mlktnocg qug rgprgsgktn cn prlphg`n` `g cls nmmhlkhstns n

`hgrgkmhn `g cls pnshvls gs `g mnphtnc kl `gog pnanr sýcl rgk`hr `hvh`gk`ls

@gikhmhýk

Zntrhelkhl kgtl mnphtnc mlktnocg tltnc gs gc vnclr qug sg pnanrî n cls nmmhlkhstns gk mnsl `g
qug cls nmvls sg cg qug`nrîk n cls prgmhls `gc oncnkmg y cls pnshvls sg pnanrîk sgaòk cls
vnclrgs rgplrtn`ls gk gc ehsel oncnkmg

Nmmhlkgs mleukgs rgprgsgktn ?7 ehcclkgs cn nmmhýk gstnrån n $7

Wch`n`gs mnphtncgs mlktnocg sh vgk`gels cls nmvls chquh`nels cls pnshvls kls qug`nels
mlk gstg

Gk mnsl `g chquh`nmhýk kl tl`ls cls nmvls sg pug`gk chquh`nr cls vnclrgs gstnocgmh`ls gk
gc oncnkmg
 Cls vnclrgs `gc oncnkmg gstîk mlkshakn`ls onbl uk mrhtgrhl `g geprgsn gk enrmfn sh shaug
cls hkvgktnrhls vncg cl qug

Gc rhgsal `g _gmupgrnr gc vnclr `gc pntrhelkhl gxprgsn`l gk gc oncnkmg clml rggcgmmhlkhstn

@>) uch`n`gs mlel pnrtg `gc pntrhelkhl

Cns uch`n`gs kl `hstrhouh`ns `g agslkgs nktgrhlrgs nså mlel cns uch`n`gs `gc gbgrmhmhl
lrenk pnrtg `gc pntrhelkhl gstns òcens plrqug nòk kl sg tlen cn `gmhshýk `g `hstrhouhr
`hvh`gk`ls l rghkvgrrcls

G) Nmmh
Nmmhlk
lkgs
gs n vvnc
nclr
lr f
fhs
hstý
týrh
rhml
ml

Pneohèk ccnen`l mnphtnc pnan`l rgprgsgktn gk gc gk`lsl hkhmhnc `g cls hkvgrshlkhstns nc

elegktl `g cn uk`nmhýk `g cn geprgsn nså mlel gk ehshlkgs plstgrhlrgs y sg rgahstrn n vnclr
fhstýrhml

I) Mc
Mcns
nshi
himn
mnmh
mhýk
ýk `
`gc
gc o
onc
ncnk
nkmg
mg

cls nmvls y pnshvls sg rgahstrnk gk ukmhýk `g su chquh`gz y gxhahohch`n` fnstn ccganr nc

mnphtnc mlktnocg qug kl sg kgmgshtn pnanr l `gvlcvgr

A) Ncauk
Ncaukns
ns klrens
klrens hk
hktgr
tgrknm
knmhlk
hlkncg
ncgss

mugktns plr mlornr sh kl sg ggmvhzn gk 8: `åns `g prgvhshýk mugktns plr pnanr `gogk
chquh`nrsg gk egkls `g =: ý 07 `åns anstls `gvgkan`ls enxhel `g =: n 8 8::

F) Gg
Ggmv
mvl
l vg
vgrsu
rsuss ltrls
ltrls nmvls
nmvls

]ýcl gc ggmvl tneohèk ccnen`l mnbn onkml rgprgsgktn ggmvl tl`ns cns `geîs mugktns `gc
nmvl gstèk gxprgsn`ls gk `hkgrl pgrl kl rgprgsgktn ggmvl gbgepcl hkvgktnrhl entgrhn
prhen prl`umtls gk prlmgsl prl`umtls tgrehkn`ls

Nmvls ibls vnclr fhstýrhml `gprgmhnmhýk nmueucn`n `g nmvls ibls kgtls

Gc ggmvl gs uk nmvl lmhlsl

F?) vnclr n cn pnr plr nmmhlkgs

Ynclr klehknc `g cns nmmhlkgs n cn pnr kòegrl `g nmmhlkgs plr vnclr klehknc gs haunc n Mnphtnc
slmhnc n`hmhlknc

F= vnclr `g egrmn`l vgrsus gc vnclr fhstýrhml

Oncnkmg agkgrnc………
agkgrnc……… nmvls vnclr fhstýrhml

Znshvl……… vnclr `
`gg eg
egrmn`l
rmn`l

?.? Gstn`ls `g rgsuctn`ls

Eugstrn cls rgsuctn`ls `g cns lpgrnmhlkgs `gc kgalmhl `urnktg uk pgrål`l gspgmåiml `g
gepl klehkncegktg uk nþl

N) Ans
Anstls
tls iknk
iknkmhg
mhgrls
rls g hk
hktgr
tgrgsg
gsgss plr `gu`n
`gu`n

]lk `g`umhocg `g hepugstls

]hk `gu`n egkls uch`n`

O) W
Wch
ch`n
`n`
` plr
plr nmmh
nmmhýk
ýk

Gs cn pnrtg eîs heplrtnktg `gc gstn`l `g rgsuctn`ls sg `gklehknk rgsuctn`ls ikncgs

M) Icubls
Icubls `g ggmv
ggmvl
l vs `gvgka
`gvgkan`l
n`l

Cn mlktnohch`n` onsg `gvgkan`l `gvgkan`l Kl gs haunc `g ggmvl y `grgmfls sg rgmlklmg

munk`l sg hkmurrgk gk gccls kl munk`l sg pnan Kl tl`ls cls ruorls `g Gstn`ls rgsuctn`ls
hepchmnk ggmvl sh vgktns slk gk ggmvl ubl `g ggmvl Ig

Nelrznmhýk
_gmlklmhehgktl `g cn pèr`h`n `g vnclr qug surgk ncaukls nmvls hktnkahocgs pntgktgs enrmns
rgahstrn`ns `g tgrnphn rgmugr`g gc vnclr `g ukn geprgsn gs haunc n cls ubls `g ggmvls qug
prl`umgk

?.= gstn`l `g usl y npchmnmhýk `g lk`ls

Pneohèk ccnen`l ubl `g ggmvl pgrehtg gstnocgmgr cns ugktgs `g ggmvl y cls usls qug sg
cg `n n Gs ggmvl

Iugktgs

hkmrgegktls gk mugktns `g pnshvl mnphtnc prèstnels gehshýk `g olkls nplrtgs `g mnphtnc

vgktn `g nmmhlkgs

Wsls `hsehkumhýk `g mugktns `g pnshvl mnphtnc

chquh`nr uk prèstnel `g mleprnr nmmhlkgs

@hsehkumhýk `g vgktns `g nmvls

vgk`gr hkvgktnrhls mlornr n`gu`ls

Hkmrgegktl `g mugktns `g nmvls

mleprnr hkvgktnrhl mleprnr nmvls ibls

Hkhmhncegktg sg eh`g cls ubls `g ggmvl `g hkargsl X gktrn`n qug fnmgk n cn lpgrnmhýk `gc
kgalmhl gstls `gtgrehknk gc ubl kgtl `g lpgrnmhlkgs plstgrhlregktg cls `g hkvgrshýk y cns `g
iknkmhnehgktl lotgkhgk`l gc mneohl Kgtl gk ggmvl
?.0 gstn`l `g uch`n`gs rgtgkh`ns

Gs gc `gsaclsg fhstýrhml `g mýel fnk h`l gvlcumhlknk`l cns uch`n`gs qug kl sg fnk `hstrhouh`l
gk fnmgr gc oncnkmg agkgrnc y `gc gstn`l `g rgsuctn`ls

?.7 npuktgs rgcgvnktgs `g gstn`ls iknkmhgrls

Ihknkmhnehgktl arntuhtl

Zrlvgg`lrn mlornk n ik `g egs cls gepcgn`ls mlornk n ik `g egs gc gstn`l mlorn hepugstls
n ik `g nþl

= nkîchshs `g rnzlkgs rnls gg

Gc nkîchshs `g rnls kls pgrehtgk gstnocgmgr cns rgcnmhlkgs gktrg ruorls mlktnocgs pnrn snmnr
mlkmcushlkgs gspgmåimns tnktl `g su vnclr mlel `g su gvlcumhýk gk gc gepl

O. Mlepnrnr cn plshmhýk iknkmhgrn gktrg geprgsns prgmhls tnenþls y mhrns `hgrgktgs

Åk`hmg `g slcvgkmhn

Hs 5 nmvl mhrmucnktg / pnshvl mhrmucnktg

Krl `g vgmgs

Eugstrn cn slcvgkmhn n mlrtl pcnzl Muîktns vgmgs gstîk muohgrtns cns `gu`ns `g mlrtl pcnzl
tneohèk eugstrn gc plrmgktnbg eåkhel nc qug sg pl`rånk chquh`nr cls nmvls `g mlrtl pcnzl
pnrn pnanr tl`ls cls pnshvls `g mlrtl pcnzl

Gbgepcl

Cls nmvls `g mlrtl pcnzl pl`rîk chquh`nr sgn uk tgrmhl `g su vnclr ==% pnrn pnanr gk su
tltnch`n` cls pnshvls `g mlrtl pcnzl

N) åk`hmg `g chquh`gz hkeg`hntn prugon îmh`n

O )rnzlkgs `g n`ehkhstrnmhýk `g nmvls

Ehrgk mlk muîktn gimhgkmhn n`ehkhstrn cn geprgsn sustnkvn cls nmvls `gu`n mnphtnc gxhstgk
eumfls nmvls gk `gensån Nctls hktgrgsgs cn uch`n` `g eh kugrn sh gxhstg plmls nmvls
nmvls prl`ummhýk gstnrgels pgr`hgk`l vgktns plr kl prl`umhr cl suimhgktg y uch`n`gs
`hsehkuhrî

O> rltnmhýk `g hkvgktnrhls _H

sg hktgrprgtn mlel Muîktns vgmgs nc nþl uk nrmucl sg vgk`g y sg rgkugvn ltn tneohèk Mn`n
munktls `åns sg rgkugvn gc hkvgktnrhl

]h gs onbl fny gxmgsl `g hkvgktnrhl plr tnktl fny hkvgrshýk heprl`umvn gk hkvgktnrhls y qug
gstnels tlmnk`l hkvgktnrhl rhgsal `g loslcgsmgkmhn tneohèk sg usn mlk hkvgktnrhl prleg`hl

Zrleg`hl
kòegrl `g `åns gk prleg`hl qug sg gspgrn pnrn mlornr sus vgktns n mrè`htl

Zrgmnumhlk

]uplkg qug tl`ns cns vgktns slk n mrè`htl Nukqug gccl kl gs vgr`n` gk cn prîmmn gs euy
`hmhc snogr cn prlplrmhýk `g vgktns nc mlktn`l y Mrè`htl y plr gccl sg enkgkg gstg supugstl
gk tl`ls cls mnsls

_ltnmhýk `g nmvls ibls

Eh`g mlk mugktl gimhgkmhn y ggmvh`n` sg usn cn pcnktn y gquhpls pnrn agkgrnr prl`ummhýk

Zrgmnumhýk

Gstn n vnclrgs fhstýrhmls plr tnktl `gog tgkgrsg muh`n`l nc mlepnrnr geprgsns nkauns vgrsus
kugvns

_ltnmhýk `g nmvls tltncgs

Eh`g mlk muîktn gimhgkmhn enkgbn cls nmvls tltncgs y eugstrn sh cn geprgsn agkgrn uk
vlcuegk `g kgalmhl gc tnenþl `g sus nmvls

_nzlkgs `g n`ehkhstrnmhýk `g `gu`n l npncnkmnehgktl

Ehrgk y gvncònk cns plshmhlkgs `g gk`gu`nehgktl `g cn geprgsn y mlel èstls cn pncnkmn gk cn

mleprn `g nmvls

Åk`hmg `g gk`gu`nehgktl

Eh`gk ^uè plrmgktnbg cls nmvls slk iknkmhn`ls mlk `gu`n cls nmrgg`lrgs prgigrgk onbls
åk`hmgs Zugs fny eîs plshohch`n`gs `g rgpnal `g mnsl `g chquh`nmhýk

Mlogrturn `g hktgrgsgs

Gs shehcnr nc hktgrhlr pgrl `g mnrîmtgr eîs agkgrnc pugs kl slcnegktg tlen hktgrgsgs shkl
tneohèk cls pnals plr nrrgk`nehgktl munk`l gk cuanr `g mleprnr cls nmvls ibls `g cls
ncquhcnk pnal nkunc pnrn rg`umhr gc oncnkmg `g ukn gehshýk `g olkls l nmmhlkgs prggrgktgs

Lbl
Znsý nc lk`l `g nelrznmhýk sg cl rgnchzn `gspuès `g pnanr hepugstls pnrn gvncunr cl nktgs
`gc pnal `gc hepugstl gs kgmgsnrhl nuegktnrcg cn mnran heplshvn y plr gccl sg uchzn gc
arlsshka Wp

Wkhcgx tgxcgs

Gc pnal nc lk`l `g nelrznmhýk sg cg rgnchzn `gspuès `g pnanr hepugstls pnrn gvncunr cl

nktgs `gc pnal `g hepugstls gs kgmgsnrhl nuegktnrcg cn mnran heplshvn y plr gccl sg uchzn gc
arlshka up.

_nzlkgs `g rgktnohch`n`

Eugstrn gc ggmtl mleohkn`l `g cn N`ehkhstrnmhýk cn chquh`gz `g cls nmvls gk`gu`nehgktls

Enragk `g cn uch`n` kgtn

Kls eugstrn Muîktls lotgkgels `g uch`n` `g mn`n pgsl vgk`h`l sh sg gxprgsn Gk plrmgktnbg
eugstrn cn rgktnohch`n` `g cns vgktns

]h gs onbl vgktns hksuimhgktgs l mlstls `genshn`l nctls

_gk`hehgktl `g cls nmvls tltncgs rnt

Eugstrn Muîktls mgktnvls `g uch`n` sg logkg `g mn`n pgsl hkvgr`l gk nmvls uch`n` `gc
hk`hmn`lr gs eumfl enylr munk`l sg cl mlepnrn mlk cls åk`hmgs `g cn mlepgtgkmhn l
prleg`hl `g cn Hk`ustrhn

_gk`hehgktl `gc mnphtnc mlktnocg mleòk

Gs cn tnsn `g rgk`hehgktl `g cn hkvgrshýk rgnchzn`n plr cls nmmhlkhstns gc kuegrn`lr mlkgkg cn

uch`n` kgtn `gspuès `g pnan`ls cls `hvh`gk`ls `g nmmhlkgs prggrgktgs egktg gc
`gklehkn`lr kl tlen gk mugktn cns nmmhlkgs prggrgktgs

_nzlkgs `g vnclr `g egrmn`l

_gcnmhlkn gc prgmhl `g cns nmmhlkgs

nmm hlkgs uch`n`gs vnclr gk chorls

Eugstrn cl qug cls hkvgrshlkhstns phgksnk `g cn plshocg hkvgrshýk gk cn geprgsn rgspgmtl n su

`gsgepgþl pnsn`l gs `gmhr muîcgs slk cns pgrspgmvns `g cn geprgsn pnrn gc hkvgrshlkhstn
]h gc `gsgepgþl chquh`gz nmvls pnshvls rgktnohch`n`
_nzlk prgmhl uch`n`

_gcnmhlkn gc prgmhl `g Egrmn`l `g nmmhýk mlk cn upn sh gs nctl gktlkmgs cn geprgsn gkg
plshohch`n`gs `g mrgmhehgktl sh gs onbl gktlkmgs cn geprgsn gs rhgsalsn

_nzýk vnclr `g Egrmn`l vnclr gk chorls

Lbl vnclr pntrhelkhnc prlplrmhlknc vpp

Nknchshs `g tgk`gkmhns

Gc nkîchshs `g rnzlkgs vhstl kh puktl = nktgrhlr sg mlkstuyg gk ukn ltl `g cn geprgsn gk uk

elegktl `gc gepl

Gc nkîchshs kls `n ukn egblr pgrspgmvn y eugstrn cns prlonohch`n`gs `g egblrnr L gepglrnr

Mlepnrnmhýk mlk rnls `g cn Hk`ustrhn

_nls åk`hmgs `g cn hk`ustrhn prleg`hl `g tl`ns cns mlepnþåns `g cn Hk`ustrhn

Hk`hmg `g chquh`gz

Zgrehtg mlepnrnr gc `gsgepgþl `g cn geprgsn gvncun`n mlk gc rgstl `g sus mlepg`lrgs gs

gstnocg sh cn geprgsn gstî plr gkmhen l plr `gonbl `g cn hk`ustrhn cn tgk`gkmhn `g cn geprgsn sh
shaug cls ehsels mnehkls qug ntrnvhgsn cn hk`ustrhn gbgepcl egrmn`l hkelohchnrhl

Gc nknchshs `uplkt

]g ccnen nså plr cn geprgsn qug cl `gsnrrlccl sg onsn gk clarnr ukn enylr `gtnccg nc gstu`hnr gk
pnrtgs ukn rnzýk l åk`hmg gs `gmhr mlkvgrr uk åk`hmg gk `ls l eîs rnzlkgs

Wsls y chehtnmhlkgs `gc nknchshs `g rnzlkgs

= sgmtlrgs

@hrgmvls pnrn `gtgmtnr prlocgens g hkgimhgkmhns gk cn agsýk lobgtl `g tlenr eg`h`ns

mlrrgmvns såk`hml pgrslkn heplrtnktg `g cls gstn`ls iknkmhgrls rgsplksnocgs `g cn nmvh`n`
gmlkýehmn iknkmhgrn `g cn geprgsn
Nknchstn `g mrè`htl.
mrè`htl. Znrn gstnocgmgr cn mnpnmh`n` `g cn geprgsn pnrn pnanr sus `gu`ns Gstls
slk ukmhlknrhls onkmnrhls l mnchimn`lrgs `g olkls y su trnonbl rgnchzn pnrn ltlranr mrè`htls l
mnchimnr ougkls lobgtl `g ltlranr `gu`n

Hkvgrshlkhstns pnrn `gtgrehknr cn gimhgkmhn `g cn geprgsn y su mnpnmh`n` pnrn agkgrnr ubls

uturls nspgmtls `gtgrehknktgs qug tlenk cls hkvgrshlkhstns