Sample Ict

COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD, WAH CAMPUS
APPLICATIONS OF ICT
Assignment 1
 Muhammad Talha
FA23-BSE-043
 Umer Ilyas
FA23-BSE-015
 Impact of Computer and IT on Society:

Computer have developed and improved with time. It imposed its effects on society all time. It
effected positively on society like making work and communication easier and so on. Computer
also imposed negative impacts on society like making hundreds of people job less, hacking and
cyber risks also ruined thousands of lives. As the world develops more technology will emerge,
and this technology will effect society. Technology and human mind cannot be separated now.
Positive Effects Of Computer and Technologies:

1. Improved Entertainment:{1}
Computer and technology has changed the entertainment industry. Now we have many
options to choose from. You can have a play list of even 10,000 songs on your
computer, can watch movies or any sort of entertainment at any place or time.
2. Improved Innovation:
With improvement and advancement of computer and technology many people can
start a business from home.{2} Many companies such as Amazon , Apple are example of
computer or internet based companies. There is vast number of companies which
started from home using computers and now they employed hundreds of employes.
3. Artificial Intelligence:
AI has changed the way of living. It has created such applications like Chat GPT or My AI
which contains a vast knowledge and can help us out in each and every matter. It has
made automobile industry worker less and it is accurate.
Negative Effects of Computer and Technologies:{3}
1. Cyber Sickness:
With the increased addiction to social networks and internet and playing games have
made people isolated. It have also effected the normal life of children as well as parents.
2. Job Exclusion:{4}
With the advancement of computer people are getting job less. We can see that now
there is no need of well trained accountant as computer’s software can do it amazingly.
Now there is no need of workers in automobile industry and now robots can do all work
efficiently which has effected life of common man.
3. Security Risks:
Computers always are a threat to security. If your data is connected to internet it can be
hacked had your privacy can be disturbed. Banking security has improved much using
computers but also the skills of hackers have improved.
Conclusion:
Technology has greatly helped us to become more efficient thus increasing our
productivity.it has made world a global village via connecting all people such as on
internet. Research shows that correct use of modern technologies requires a
comprehensive study of modern widgets. {5}
 Changes In Computer with Time:
First Generation (1940s-1950s):

The first generation of computers, which emerged in the 1940s and 1950s, was marked by the
use of vacuum tube technology. These computers were enormous, unreliable, and consumed
substantial amounts of power. Prominent examples include the ENIAC and UNIVAC. They were
primarily used for scientific and military purposes, performing complex calculations and aiding
in World War II efforts. Drawbacks of this generation included frequent tube failures, high
maintenance requirements, and limited memory capacity.
Fig1.1: First generation computers
Second Generation (1950s-1960s):

The second generation of computers saw the transition from vacuum tubes to transistors,
leading to significant improvements in size, reliability, and efficiency. This period also
introduced punched cards for input and high-level programming languages like Fortran and
COBOL. Notable computers from this era include the IBM 1401 and 7090. The second
generation expanded the use of computers to businesses and institutions, fostering data
processing and automation. Drawbacks included the need for large air-conditioned rooms and
the manual handling of punched cards.
Fig1.2: Second generation of computers
Third Generation (1960s-1970s):

Integrated circuits (ICs) defined the third generation of computers, which spanned from the
1960s to the 1970s. These ICs enabled further miniaturization and efficiency gains. High-level
programming languages became more prevalent, making computers more accessible. Iconic
computers like the IBM System/360 and DEC PDP-8 exemplify this era. As a result, computers
found applications in various industries, including banking, healthcare, and scientific research.
Drawbacks included high initial costs and limited processing power compared to modern
standards.
Fig1.3: Third generation of computers
Fourth Generation (1970s-1980s):

The fourth generation of computers, spanning from the 1970s to the 1980s, introduced a
revolutionary development: the microprocessor. This invention paved the way for personal
computers (PCs), making computing accessible to individuals. Notable examples include the
Altair 8800 and IBM PC. Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs), like those on the Apple Macintosh,
revolutionized user interaction. The fourth generation marked the mainstream adoption of
personal computing, transforming homes and businesses. Drawbacks included limited memory
and processing power compared to today's standards, as well as compatibility issues with
various software and hardware.
Fig1.4: Fourth generation of computers
Fifth Generation (1980s-Present):

The fifth generation of computers, which began in the 1980s and continues to the present, is
characterized by parallel processing and artificial intelligence. Supercomputers like the Cray-2
exemplify parallel processing capabilities, while modern PCs utilize multi-core processors.
Artificial intelligence technologies, including machine learning, became integral to computing.
This generation's applications are diverse, ranging from scientific simulations to smartphones,
and it continues to push the boundaries of computing technology. Drawbacks include the
energy consumption of supercomputers and the ethical concerns surrounding AI, such as data
privacy and bias.
Fig1.5: Fifth generation of computers
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the evolution of computers across distinct generations has been a remarkable
journey marked by continuous innovation and advancement. Each generation brought about
significant improvements in technology, enabling computers to become smaller, more
powerful, and more accessible. While these developments have revolutionized various aspects
of our lives and industries, they were not without their challenges and limitations. From the
bulky vacuum tube machines of the first generation to the ethical considerations of artificial
intelligence in the fifth generation, computing technology has continually reshaped our world.
As we move forward, it is crucial to reflect on this rich history and use it as a foundation for
addressing the ever-evolving complexities and opportunities that lie ahead in the world of
computing.
References:
1. Bosamia, Mansi. (2013). Positive and negative impacts of information and
communication.
2. Danis C. M. Ellis J.B, Kellog W.A etal (2011). Mobile Phones in health and education.
3. Rosenberg, Richard. The social impact of computers. Oxford: Elsevier Academic Press,
2004
4. Rosen Bernard Carl. Winners and losers of the information revolution.
5. Black well publisher,1995. Tobin, k. “The roll of wait time in higher cognitive level
learning”.
6. www.sutoripdf.com
7. Wikipedia
8. www.Chatgpt.com
9. Basics of computing system pdf book
10. Fig1.1:
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZMDIuXgnFl8/XDWAh6EpS3I/AAAAAAAACtg/fK84ERXo3Acz-
U5M0OKWTUN6uKgo9hr8ACLcBGAs/s1600/Photo_1538821592591.png
11. Fig1.2: https://informationq.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Second-Generation-of-
Computers.jpg
12. Fig1.3: https://informationq.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Third-Generation-of-
Computer.jpg
13. Fig1.4: https://informationq.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Fourth-Generation-of-
Computers.jpg
14. Fig1.5: https://informationq.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Fifth-Generation-of-
Computers.jpg

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COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD, WAH CAMPUS

 Impact of Computer and IT on Society:

Positive Effects Of Computer and Technologies:

 Changes In Computer with Time:

First Generation (1940s-1950s):

Fig1.1: First generation computers

Second Generation (1950s-1960s):

Third Generation (1960s-1970s):

Fig1.3: Third generation of computers

Fourth Generation (1970s-1980s):

Fifth Generation (1980s-Present):

Fig1.5: Fifth generation of computers

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